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Equi

The document covers various chemistry concepts including pH calculations for NaOH and H3O+ solutions, the common ion effect, buffer solutions, Le Chatelier's principle, and equilibrium constants. It provides examples of determining conjugate acids and bases, the impact of pressure and temperature on chemical reactions, and calculations related to solubility products. Additionally, it discusses the effects of adding substances to equilibrium systems and the principles governing these reactions.

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3 views

Equi

The document covers various chemistry concepts including pH calculations for NaOH and H3O+ solutions, the common ion effect, buffer solutions, Le Chatelier's principle, and equilibrium constants. It provides examples of determining conjugate acids and bases, the impact of pressure and temperature on chemical reactions, and calculations related to solubility products. Additionally, it discusses the effects of adding substances to equilibrium systems and the principles governing these reactions.

Uploaded by

rohangamer750
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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a) Calculate the pH of a sample of 0.1M NaOH solution ?

Explain i) common ion effect ii) buffer


solution
a) pOH = -log[OH-]

pOH = -log[ 10 -1]

pOH =1

PH= 14-1=13

b) i) The common ion effect is an effect that suppresses the ionization of an electrolyte when

another electrolyte (which contains an ion which is also present in the first electrolyte, i.e. a
common ion) is added.

ii) The solutions which resist change in pH on dilution or with the


addition of small amounts of acid or alkali are called Buffer Solutions

(a) What will be the conjugate base of


-
(i) H2SO4 (ii) HCO3 ?
(b) What will be the conjugate acid of
-
(i) NH2 (ii) NH3?

(c) The conc. of H3O + for a solution is 4x 10-4 find its pH. ( log4 = 0.6020)
OR
(c) Kb forNH3 is1.80 x 10-5, what will be Ka?

(a)(i)HSO4 – (ii) CO3 2-


(b) (i)NH3 ii) NH4 +
(c) 3.398
OR
(c)as Ka x Kb = 10 -14 , so ka =5.5x10 -10

Q (a) What is Le Chatelier’s principle?


(b) What is the effect of increasing pressure in the given reactions? Give reasons.

(i)PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)

(ii)N2(g)+O2(g) ⇌2NO(g)
A Le Chatelier's principle states that if a reaction at equilibrium is subjected to change in
parameters like temperature, pressure or concentration of reactants and products, then the
reaction equilibrium shifts in a direction in which the change is counteracted upon.

(a)The equilibrium will shift in backward reaction because number of moles of products are
more than reactants Δn>0.

(b)No effect because number of moles of reactants and products are equal, i.e., Δn=0.
Q (a) What will be the conjugate base of (i)H2SO4 (ii) HCO3- ?

(b) What will be the conjugate acid of (i)NH2- (ii)NH3?

(c) The conc. of H3O+ is 4x 10-4 find its pH [log 4 = 0.602]

OR

(c) Kb forNH3 is1.80 x 10-5, what will be Ka? [Kw is 1 x10-14]

A (a) (i)HSO4 – (ii) CO32-

(b) (i)NH3 (ii) NH4 +

(c) pH=− log[H3O+]


[H3O+]=4 x10−4 M
pH=− log(4 x 10−4)
pH= -0.602 + 4
pH= 3.398

OR

Ka . Kb = Kw = 1x10-14
Ka = 1x10-14 / Kb
Ka = 1x10-14 / 1.8x10-5

Ka = 5.56x10-10
Q. On the basis of Le-Chatelier principle, explain how temperature , pressure and concentrations
can be adjusted to increase the yield of ammonia in the following reaction.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---------------- 2NH3(g) ∆ H = – 92.38 kJ mol–1
A To get maximum yield of NH3---
(i) increase in Conc. Of N2 and H2 .
(ii) increase in pressure.
(iii) decrease in temperature
Q (i)Write expression for equilibrium constant for the reaction :- CaCO3 (s)-------- CaO (s) +
CO2 (g)
(ii)Write conjugate acid/conjugate base of following: (a) CO32- (b ) F-
(iii) 0.3 g of Ca(OH)2 dissolved in water to give 500 mL of solution. Calculate the pH of
solutions.
( log 1.2 = 0.07918, log 8.33= 0.902)
OR
(iii) The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it.
(antilog 0.24 = 1.7)

A (i) correct expression

(ii) correct c. acid/ base

(iii)

OR
Q (a) Define Le-Chatelier principle.
(b) Describe the effect of the following on the equilibrium of the given reaction:

2H2(g) + CO (g) ⇋ CH3OH (g) (i)


addition of H2 (ii) addition of CH3OH

(iii) removal of CO (iv) removal of CH3OH


A (a) Le Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions,
the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium. If a chemical
reaction is at equilibrium and experiences a change in pressure, temperature, or concentration of
products or reactants, the equilibrium shifts in the opposite direction to offset the change. (b)
According to Le Chatelier’s principle,

(i) on the addition of H2, the equilibrium of the given reaction will shift the forward direction.
(ii) backward (iii) backward (iv) forward

Q (a) Define common ion effect.


(b) What will be the effect on the concentration of NH 4 + and OH-ions, when NH4Cl is added to
an aqueous solution of NH4OH? Explain
(c) Equal volumes of 0.002 M solutions of sodium iodate and cupric chlorate are mixed together.
Will it lead to precipitation of copper iodate? (For cupric iodate Ksp = 7.4 × 10 –8 ).
OR
The solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt AX2 is 3.2 X 10-11. Calculate its solubility in
moles/liter.

(a) correct definition

(b There is increase in the concentration of NH4 + and decrease in the concentration of OH-due to
common ion effect
(c) When equal volumes of sodium iodate and cupric chlorate solutions are mixed together, then the
molar concentrations of both solutions are reduced to half i.e., 0.001 M.

Ionic product of copper iodate:

Since the ionic product (1 × 10–9 ) is less than Ksp (7.4 × 10–8 ), precipitation will not occur
(NCERT Q 6.69 Page 214)

OR

AX2 ⇌ A2+ + 2X- Ksp = s X (2s)2 S = 4S3

S= 2 X 10-4 mol/L

Q At 473K , equilibrium constant , Kc for decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride ,

PCl5(g) ⇌PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)


PCl5 is 8.3X 10 -3 . If the decomposition is depicted as:
ΔrH0 = 124.0 kj mol -1
(i)Write an expression for Kc for the reaction?
(ii) What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
(iii) What would be the effect of on Kc if more PCl5 is added ?

A PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ΔrH0 = 124.0kj mol-1


(i) Kc= [PCl3][Cl2] / [PCl5]
(ii) Kc = 1/ 8.3X 10 -3 = 1000/8.3 = 120.48
(III) Kc is not affected when more PCl5 is added
Q a) What will be conjugate base of (i ) H2SO4 (ii) HCO3- ? (b)
What are conjugate acid of (i)NH2- (ii) NH3
(c) Kb for NH3 is 1.80 X 10 -5. What will be Ka ? [ Kw = 1X 10 -14 ]
OR
(c) Calculate the pH of buffer solution containing 0.01M CH3COOH & 0.1 M
CH3COONa , pKa = 4.75 [log 10 = 1]
A a) The conjugate bases for the Bronsted acids H2SO4 and HCO3 − are ,HSO4 − and CO3 2−
respectively
(b) Conjugate acid of NH2- is NH3 , Conjugate acid of NH3 is NH4+
(c) we know
Ka * Kb = Kw

where Kw is the dissociation constant of water, approximately 1.00 x 10-14 at 25°C.

Therefore, knowing the Kb of NH3 (1.80 x 10-5), we can calculate the Ka of its conjugate
acid, NH4+:

Ka_NH4+ = Kw / Kb_NH3

Ka_NH4+ = (1.00 x 10-14) / (1.80 x 10-5)

Ka_NH4+ = 5.55 x 10-10

Therefore, the Ka of NH4+ is approximately 5.55 x 10-10.

OR

(c) pH = pKa + log([Base] / [Acid])


pH = 4.75 + log(0.1 / 0.01)
pH = 4.75 + log(10)
pH = 4.75 + 1 (since log 10 = 1)
pH = 5.75
Q

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