Probability

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
1. Since line are more NCM are those lines where telegrams will go NCM × M! = far
Total = NM [As first telegram can go in any one of n lies]
N
CM M !
[As 2nd telegram can go in any one of n lies] P =
NM
2. This problem is of conditional probability. Total cases in which at least one of the cubes is red painted is
8 4
125 – 27 = 98 out of which 8 are painted on three sides probability = = .
98 49
22
C8 15
3. Since ten places are vacant. Probability of finding vacant places = 24

C10 92
9 6
3P 3P C3 C2
4. A 3  9 B B 2  6 B ; P(A) = 1 – P(A) P(B) = 1 – P(B) = 1 – 12
=1– 8
C3 C2

5. 2
The prime digits are (2, 3, 5, 7). If we fix 2 at first place, then other (2n – 1) places are filled by all four
digits, so total number of cases = 42n–1
Now, sum of 2 consecutive digits is prime when consecutive digits are (2, 3) or (2, 5) then 2 will be fixed
at all alternative places
2 2 2 2
2n 4
So favourable cases = 2n. Therefore probability = 2n 1
= 2n. 2–4n+2 = 22. 2–3n = .
4 23n
24 1
6. Clearly last 4 throws are same as first four  probability = 8

2 16

7. An urn contains 'm' green and 'n' red balls. K (< m, n) balls are drawn and laid aside, their colur being
m
C. n C mi
P(Ei) = mi n k i ; P(A/Ei) =
Ck mnk
m
k
C j . nCk  j m j
k
m j
  m j
m m1 n
P(A) = m n
× = Cm j1 Ck  j . mn
......(1)
j0 Ck (m  n  k) j 0 Ck (m  n  k)
k


j 0
m1
Cj. n
Ck  j = coeff. of xk in(1 + x)m+n–1 = m+n–1Ck


j 0
m1
Cj. n
Ck  j = xk (1 + x)m+n–1 = m+n–1Ck .....(2)

m
Put (2) in (1) hence by solving P(A) =
mn
n
C4
8. When 4 points are selected we get one intersecting point. So probability is
(n C2 n)
C2
Here, n = 10. So, probability is 6/17.

9. Let w1  ball drawn in the first draw is white, b1  ball drawn in the first drawn in black,
w2  ball drawn in the second draw is white. Then P(w2) = P(w1). P(w2/ w1) + P(b1) P(w2/b1)
 m   mk   n   m  m (m  k)  mn m (m  k  n) m
=    +    = = =
mn mnk  mn mnk  (m  n)(m  n  k) (m  n)(m  n  k) m  n

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 Probability
10. A ball from first urn can be drawn is two mannars
ball is white or ball is black
m n
P(w) = P(B) =
mn mn
Let E  selecting a white ball from second urn after a ball from urn first has been placed into it
m p 1 n p m(p  1)  np
P(E) = P(w) P(E/W) + P(B) P(E/B) = × + =
m  n p  q 1 m  n p  q 1 (m  n)(p  q  1)
11. Given that ‘8’ is 4th card. E1  ‘8’ is of diamond P(E1) = 1/4. E2  ’8’ is not of diamond P(E2) = 3/4
Event ‘A’ :– top card is diamond. P(A) = P(A/1) P(A/1) + P(A/1) P(A/1)
 12  1  13  3 12  13  3 12  39 1
=   . +    = = =
 
51 4  
51 4 51  4 51  4 4

12. Case I H H H H H
Case II T H H H H H
Case III T H H H H H
Case IV T H H H H H
Case V T H H H H H
5 6 6 6 6
 1  1  1  1  1 3
Required probability   +   +   +   +   =
 
2  
2  
2  
2  
2 32

13. A = coin tossed 5 times & falls head; B1 = Both sided head coins
1
1
p(A / B1 )p(B1 ) 10
B2 = one sided head coins;p (B1 / A)= =
p(A / B1 )p(B1 )  p(A / B2 )p(B2 ) 1 9  1
5
 1  
10 10  2 
14. P(HA) = 0.8 ; P(HB) = 0.4. A = Only one bullet in bear.
B1 = Shot by HA & missed by HB = P(B1) = 0.8 × 0.60
B2 = Shot by HB & missed by HA = P(B2) = 0.4 × 0.2
P(A / B1 ) P(B1 )  0.8  0.6  48
P(B1/A) = =  = = 240
P(A / B1 ) P(B1 )  P(A / B2 ) P(B2 )  0.8  0.6  0.2  0.4  48  8
EA = 280 × P(B1/A) EB = E – EA

15. P(Product of digits) = 12 P = 12

3
4 2 43  43 
if 34, 43, 26, 62 P(A) =  P( A )= Probability = 1   
90 45 45  45 
PART - II
1. a1 + a2 + a3 + ....... + a7 = 9k, k  I. Also a1 + a2 + ...... + a9 = 1 + 2 + 5 +.....+ 4 = 45
 a8 + a9 = 45 – 9k  3  a8 + a9  17
4 1
 k = 4 a8 + a9  9 (1, 8) (2, 7), (3, 6), (4, 5) P(E) = = .
36 9
2. n (S) = ways of selecting 3 number from 10 is 10C3
n (E)  n (A  B) where A  min. number chosen is 3 n (A) = 7C2
B  max number chosen is 7
7
C2  6 C2  3
n (B) = 6C2 also n (A  B) = 3C1 = 3 n (E) = 7C2 + 6C2 – 3 P = 10
C3

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