CHEMISTRY – PAPER TWO (233/2)

FORM FOUR PREDICTION 1

1. (a) Study the information given below and answer the questions that follow.

Element Atomic radius Ionic radius Formula of oxide Melting point Electrical
(nm) (nm) of conductivit
oxide y of oxide
(ºC) in solid or
molten
state
A 0.064 0.136 OA2 -224 Does not conduct
B 0.117 0.040 BO2 1710 Does not conduct
C 0.125 0.054 C2O3 2045 Conducts in molten
state
D 0.110 0.212 D 2O 5 563 Does not conduct
E 0.157 0.095 E2O 1193 Conducts in molten
state

(i) Select two elements, whose oxides have giant ionic structure (2 marks)
(ii) Which element is likely to be silicon? Give a reason. (2 marks)
(iii) Explain why the melting point of the oxide of A is lower than that of the oxide of C
(2 marks)
(iv) State the nature of the solution formed when oxide of D, D2O5 dissolves in water.
(1 mark)
(b) Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow (The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the
elements)

Element Electronic configuration Electron

affinity(kJ/mol
)
F 2.7 -322
G 2.8.7 -349
H 2.8.18.7 -325

(i) What chemical family do the elements F, G and H belong? (1 mark)

(ii) What is meant by the term electron affinity? (1 mark)
(c) When a piece of calcium is placed in cold water, it sinks to the bottom and a colorless gas that
extinguishes a burning splint with a pop sound is produced. Use a simple diagram to illustrate how this gas can be collected during this
experiment. (3 marks)
2.(a) Draw and name the structures of;
i. the second member of the alkene homologous series (1 mark)
..ii the second member of the alkane homologous series ( 1mark)
(c) Use the information in the scheme below to answer the questions that follow.

Compound J
Acidified
potassium Step II
dichromate (VI) Burn
Ethanol Products
Hydrogen
Step III
gas Step I
Step IV

Ethene
Bromine
1
water
 Step VI H2/Nickel catalyst/200ºC
Step V
Compound K
Substance L

(i) give the name of ;

(I) compound J (1 mark)
(II) compound K (1 mark)
(ii) Give the name of the reaction which occurs in step V (1 mark)
(iii) Write the equation for the chemical reaction in step III (1 mark)
(iv) Name the reagent(s) and conditions necessary for the reaction step IV
Reagent(s) (1 mark)
Condition (s) (1 mark)
(v) State the observations made in step II (1 mark)
(d) The two reactions below show how a long chained alkanoic acid can be converted into detergent M.
Step I

CH2 — C17H35COOH
|
CH — C17H35COOH +3H2O 3C17H35COOH + C3H8O3
|
CH2 — C17H35COOH

Step II

3C17H35COOH + 3NaOH C17H35COONa + 3H2O

(detergent M)

(i) Name the type of reaction in step II (1 mark)

(ii) When detergent M is added to a beaker containing hard water a scum is formed. Write the formula of the scum.
(1 mark)

3. (a) The diagram below represents an industrial process for the manufacture of ammonia.Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

Gas N Hydrogen

Purifier

unreacted gases Compressor

Condenser

Heat
10%
Exchanger
ammonia
Liquid ammonia
Catalytic
(i) Give the name of; chamber
(I) the process above (1 mark)
(II) Gas N (1 mark)

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(ii) Carbon (IV) oxide, sulphur (VI) oxide and dust are the impurities in this process. Give a reason why these impurities are removed.
(1 mark)

(iii) Other than iron catalyst, state two optimum conditions for this process (2 marks)

(iv) Give two uses of ammonia (2 marks)

(b) Urea, (CO(NH2)2) is prepared by reacting carbon (IV) oxide and ammonia.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction which occurs. (1 mark)
(ii) 20 kilograms of urea was applied to a farm and 25 kilograms of ammonium nitrate applied to another farm. Determine the farm
enriched with nitrogen.(C=12, N = 14, O=16, H =1) (3 marks)
(c) State and explain what would be observed when aqueous ammonia is added dropwise until in excess to a solution of copper (II)
chloride. (2 marks)
4. (a) (i) State Le Chatelier’s principle. (1 mark)
(ii) Bromine water can be prepared by dissolving 1 cm3 of liquid bromine in
100 cm3of water. After shaking, the equilibrium below is established.

Br2 (aq) + H2O (l) OBr - (aq) +Br- (aq) +2H+ (aq)
(Yellow) (colourless)
State and explain the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to the above equilibrium(2 marks)
(b) Colloidal sulphur may be formed by reacting sodium thiosulphate and dilute hydrochloric acid shown in the equation below.

Na2S2O3(aq) +2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) +SO2(g) + H2O (l)

(i) State and explain the effect of increase in temperature on the rate of the reaction above.
(2 marks)
(ii) Other than temperature name one factor that can alter the rate of the reaction in b (i) (1 mark)

(c) 2.50 grams of a calcium carbonate was reacted with excess 1.8 M hydrochloric acid. The volume of carbon (IV) oxide evolved
measured and recorded at 10 second intervals. The results were recorded as shown in the table below.

Time (seconds) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

volume of gas ( cm3) 0 150 295 420 525 580 600 600 600

(i) (I) On the grid provided, plot a graph of volume (vertical axis) against time. (3 marks)

(II) From your graph, determine the rate of reaction at 37th second. (3 marks)
5. (a) The table below shows the standard reduction potentials for four half cells. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

Number Half -reaction E0volts

I Ag+ (aq) + 2ē Ag (s) + 0.80

II Cu2+(aq) + 2ē Cu (s) + 0.34

III Pb2+(aq) + 2ē Pb (s) - 0.13

IV Fe2+(aq)+ 2ē Fe (s) - 0.44

(i) Identify the strongest oxidizing agent (1 mark)

(ii) Explain why it’s not advisable to store a solution of silver nitrate in a container made of lead (2 marks)
(iii) In the space provided, draw a labeled diagram of the electrochemical cell that would be
obtained when half-cell of copper and iron are combined.(3 marks)

θ
(iv) Calculate the E of the electrochemical cell constructed in (iii) above. (1 mark) (b) During the electrolysis of
aqueous copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes, a current of 0.75 A was passed through the cell
for 3 hours and 45 minutes.
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place at the anode. (1 mark)
ii) Determine the change in mass of the anode which occurred as a result of the
electrolysis process. (Cu=63.5 1 F = 96,500C) (3 marks)
6. (a) (i) What is fractional crystallization (1 mark)
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(ii) The table below shows the solubility of two salts A and B at various
Temperatures
Salt Solubility at various temperatures(ºC)

50 20
A 86 g 31 g

B 18 g 8g

A mixture of the salts contains 29.5 g of salt A and 16.25 g of salt B at 50 ºC. The mixture is cooled to 20 ºC. Determine the mass of
the salt that crystallizes(2 marks)
(b) Explain how the use of ion exchange resin removes water hardness (2 marks)
(c) Name two disadvantages of hard water (2 marks)
(d) What is the effect of adding ammonia solution to a sample of water containing magnesium ions (1 marks)
7. Study the information given in the table below and answer the questions below the table:

Bond Bond energy (kjmol-1)

C H 414

CI CI 244

C CI 326

H CI 431

a) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction.

CH4 (g) + Cl2 (g) CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g) (3 marks)

b) Draw an energy level diagram for this process (1 marks)

(c) In an experiment to determine the heat of combustion of methanol, CH3OH a student used a set up like the one shown in the
diagram below.

Thermometer

Volume of water = 500cm3

Final temperature of water = 27.00C
Beaker
Initial temperature of water = 20.00C
Final mass of lamp + methanol = 22.11g
Water
Initial mass of lamp+ methanol = 22.98g
Density of water = 1.0g cm3
Lamp
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J/g/K

methanol
d) Write an equation for the combustion of methanol (1 mark)

e) Calculate:
(i) The number of moles of methanol used in this experiment (C = 12; O = 16; H = 1)
(2 marks)
(ii) The heat of combustion per mole of methanol. (1mark)
(iii)The heat of combustion per mole of methanol (2marks)
(f) Explain why the value of the molar heat of combustion for methanol obtained in this experiment is
different from the theoretical value. (1 mark)

(g) State two effects of fuels on the environment. (2 mark)