Lesson 1: Integrating ICT in Teaching and

Learning
Objectives
In this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Define what Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is;

2. Discuss the advantages of using ICTs;
3. Discuss the benefits of using ICTS for teachers; and
4. Enumerate the uses of ICT in education.

Introduction
Information Communication Technology can help trainers deliver a lesson and can help students
understand it. ICTs can engage majority of a learners’ senses and can stimulate their thoughts more. This
lesson will introduce you to the effectiveness and advantages of using ICT in training.

What is ICT?
Information and Communication Technologies or ICTs are defined, as a “diverse set of technological tools
and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.” Some
examples of these technologies include computers, the Internet, broad casting technologies (radio and
television), and telephony.

Uses of ICT in Education

The Effectiveness of ICTs in Education

ICTs provide a powerful tool for extending educational opportunities, both formal and non-formal, to
people who are unable to enrol on campus due to time constraints and cost of education. They belong to
the scattered and rural populations, groups traditionally excluded from education due to cultural or social
reasons such as ethnic minorities, girls and women, persons with disabilities, and the elderly—the
underserved constituencies.

 Anytime, anywhere. The ability to transcend time and space is one of the defining features of ICTs.
Learning characterized by a time lag between the delivery of instruction and its reception by learners
is made possible by ICTs. It makes the learning materials accessible whenever you want, wherever
you are. It does not require both the presence of the learners and the trainers in one location.

 Access to remote learning resources. Printed books and other physical media in libraries are not
anymore the only sources for the educational needs of the teachers and students. Today, we have
the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) which technically can provide you accessible and
 available learning materials in any subject matter and in a variety of media. ICTs also facilitate access
to resource persons, mentors, experts, researchers, professionals, business leaders, and peers—all
over the world.

 ICTs help prepare individuals for the workplace. Using ICTs in the classroom is useful in preparing
the students for a workplace where computers, the Internet and other ICTs are being used. The
ability to effectively and efficiently use ICTs is considered as a competitive edge in increasingly
globalizing job market.

ADVANTAGES OF ICTs

 Generally, ICTs help provide greater efficiency throughout the school. The regular use of these
technologies can give a beneficial motivational influence in the learning of the students. Moreover,
through email, discussion groups and chat rooms, communication channels are increased.

Lesson 2: Principles of Facilitating Training

Objectives
In this lesson, you will be able to:

a. Define the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning;

b. Describe the assumptions of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning; and
c. Describe Dale’s Cone of Learning.
Introduction
Theory and practice should go hand in hand in teaching. This lesson will introduce you to theories related
to using ICTs in education. These theories can help you understand how learners learn and what media
can be used to address learners’ needs.

Theory of Multimedia Learning

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer)
“Developing and disseminating network technologies enables new forms of cooperation between learners
and teachers on the one hand and amongst learners on the other that would be inconceivable in this form
and density in traditional training and continuing education.”1
In Richard Mayer’s book, "Multimedia learning (2nd edition)”, “multimedia principle” is explained as the
principle which states that “people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone”.
However, to achieve multimedia learning, it is not an effective way to simply add words to pictures. The
goal of this theory is to utilize instructional media in the light of how the human mind works.

When it comes to learning with multimedia, the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning proposes three
main assumptions:

Mayer’s cognitive theory of multimedia learning presents “the idea that the brain does not interpret a
multimedia presentation of words, pictures, and auditory information in a mutually exclusive fashion;
rather, these elements are selected and organized dynamically to produce logical mental constructs.”
This theory requires design principles including providing coherent verbal, pictorial information, guiding
the learners to select relevant words and images, and reducing the load for a single processing channel
etc.
Dale’s cone of Learning
Dale’s Cone of Experience:
People will probably remember if you show them how to do it. However, involving them in a meaningful
way will more likely make them understand more —this is the premise supported by Edgar Dale’s Cone of
Learning. In other words, the most effective way of learning is directly involving the learner in a
meaningful way and it would be best if it’s through the availability of hands-on experience.
Below is the Dale’s Cone of Experience:

Lesson 3: Electronic Media Equipment

Objectives
In this lesson, you will be able to:

a. Enumerate some photo and video equipment used in facilitating training;

b. Enumerate some presentation equipment used in facilitating training; and
c. Enumerate some audio equipment used in facilitating training.

Introduction
In facilitating training, electronic equipment are used by trainers. These electronic equipment are
composed of: photo and video equipment, presentation equipment, and audio equipment. In this lesson,
examples of electronic equipment will be discussed.
Photo and Video Equipment

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION WHEN TO USE

Camera/DSLR is a device which When you want to capture

can be used to take images. photographs which can be used to
supplement your lessons

When you want to do a live feed

during a lecture which usually has
large number of audience.
Video Camera is a device whose
main function is to record videos.
When you want to do a recorded
video demonstration which cannot
be performed live.

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION WHEN TO USE

When you want to project your

DLP Projector is a device which is used to powerpoint and document presentations
project images and videos on a larger on a larger screen for large number of
screen. audience, usually during lectures in a
classroom and training centers.
 When you want to present documents or
powerpoint presentations to a larger
Personal Computer is a device that can be screen (LCD Monitor or projector) for
used to create document and presenter large number of audience.
presentation.
It may be used as a monitor for one-on-
one training.

When you want to give academic lectures

Electronic Whiteboard is an interactive which may enable advanced content
whiteboard similar to a traditional marker interaction, increased audience
board, only it has touch recognition as its engagement, sharing and storing of
added function. presentation events and interaction with
networked computers and peripherals.

LCD monitor is a device which can be used When you want to flash your powerpoint
to show/display the videos on a larger and document presentations on a larger
screen, usually during lectures in a
screen.
classroom and training centers.

When you need to play videos on CDs,

Audio/Video Player is a device that plays flashdrives, and memory sticks for one-
discs produced under both the Audio/Video- on-one training, or training with small or
Video and Audio/Video-Audio technical large number of audience. It is connected
standards, two different and incompatible to an external monitor such as projectors
standards. Its main purpose is for film and LCD monitors.
viewing.
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION WHEN TO USE
For smaller speakers (ex. PC
speakers): When you want to
produce louder sound suitable for
one-on-one training or training
Speaker is a device whose main with small number of audience.
function is to produce audio output that
can be heard by the listener.
For large speakers (usually
connected to amplifiers): When
you want to produce louder sound
suitable for large training venues
with large number of audience.

Microphone is a device which converts

sound waves into electrical waves. One When you want you to amplify
of its purposes is to amplify your voice your voice so it can be heard
so it can be heard louder. louder, it can be connected to an
amplifier or audio video players if.

It can be connected to
audio/video player, microphone,
televisions, computers, portable
CD players and most other
devices that use a speaker to
Amplifier is a device which allows us to produce sound.
hear a sound coming from the
microphone or any input source such
as CD/DVD. It is usually connected to large
speakers which are used in
training with large number of
audience.

Sound mixer is a device which allows

you to adjust levels, enhance sound When you want to combine sound
with equalization and effects, create from microphones, tape machines
and other sources during trainings
monitor feeds, record various mixes,
with large number of audience.
etc.
Lesson 4: Tips and Techniques
Objectives
In this lesson, you will be able to:

a. Define e-library;
b. Define search engine
c. Enumerate some tips in creating a good powerpoint;
d. Determine different camera shots and movements;
e. Enumerate some techniques in effective presentation;and
f. Enumerate some techniques in video demonstration.

Introduction
For better utilization of the electronic equipment, the trainer must know some techniques on how to
effectively present their lessons and some tips in video demonstration and photo/video shooting. Also, the
World Wide Web can be of use to the trainer, techniques in utilizing World Wide Web will also be
presented in this lesson.

Using and Selecting the Right Materials

The theory of multimedia learning principles usually applied in selecting and creating the media that you
will use for your presentation. Consider what you’ve learn in the theory in selecting and creating media
resources.
Searching materials via e-library
A digital library or e-library is “a special library with a focused collection of digital objects that can
include text, visual material, audio material, video material, stored as electronic media formats (as
opposed to print, microform, or other media), along with means for organizing, storing, and retrieving the
files and media contained in the library collection1.”
One example of e-library here in the Philippines is the Philippine eLib
(http://www.elib.gov.ph/index.php). The following are the basic steps you need to take for you to access
the resources. You may visit http://www.elib.gov.ph/downloads/eLib_User_Manual.pdf for detailed
instructions.
Searching the World Wide Web: Using Search Engines

Search Engine Optimization

Search engines “are tools that use computer programs called spiders and robots to gather information
automatically on the Internet. With this information, they create a database.2” Search Engine Optimization
is a technique by most of the companies so that when a user search for a keyword, their company would
appear on top of the list in the search results. It can be paid sometimes.

Starting the search:

1. Select a search engine. At the top of any page on your computer, type the phrase “search
engines” into the Search Bar to attain access to several different internet sites that specifically aid
in searching. Common search engines:
Computer-generated databases are frequently updated, give access to very large collections, and
provide the most comprehensive search results. If you are looking for a specific concept or phrase, better
start with using a search engine.
Some of the WWW Search Engines

 Yahoo- http://www.yahoo.com
 Google- http://www.google.com
 Bing- http://www.bing.com/
 Ask- http://ask.com/
2. After typing in whatever you want to search, press the Enter key on the keyboard of your
computer.

3. Choose a few of the most specific or relevant keywords or phrases to describe your
topic. Utilize synonyms. Type your choice of words into the Search Bar offered by your chosen search
engine.

 Generally, capitalization and punctuation are not needed.

 Search engines usually disregard minor words such as "the, and, to, etc."
4. Click Search or press the Enter key on your keyboard.

5. Assess your results. Search through your list of web pages to pinpoint information.
Techniques in Utilizing World Wide Web
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3 and commonly known as the Web) “is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages
that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia, and navigate between them via hyperlinks.1”
Browsing and keyword searching

Techniques on using the World Wide Web in Teaching

Techniques in Effective Presentation

DECIDING FOR A PRESENTATION METHOD
There are several key aspects in deciding about your presentation method, these include:
Techniques in Video Demonstration
The following are some suggested camera shots to use in filming a video demonstration:

Tips in video and photo shooting

VIDEO CAMERA TIPS AND TRICKS
Camera Movement
Basic Video Camera Movement
Camera Shots