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Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) involves the generation of induced electromotive force (emf) in a conductor due to changing magnetic fields, as discovered by Michael Faraday. Key principles include Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, and the concepts of self and mutual inductance, which describe how changing currents induce emf in coils. Applications of EMI include AC generators, eddy currents, and various technologies such as magnetic braking and induction heating.

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Electromagnetic_Induction_Clickable

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) involves the generation of induced electromotive force (emf) in a conductor due to changing magnetic fields, as discovered by Michael Faraday. Key principles include Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, and the concepts of self and mutual inductance, which describe how changing currents induce emf in coils. Applications of EMI include AC generators, eddy currents, and various technologies such as magnetic braking and induction heating.

Uploaded by

amanca.8d.kmbvm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic Induction

1. Introduction
- Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) refers to the generation of an induced electromotive
force (emf) in a conductor due to a changing magnetic field.

- Michael Faraday discovered that a changing magnetic flux through a circuit induces an emf
in the circuit.

- Lenz’s Law determines the direction of induced current.

2. Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction

2.1 First Law


- An emf is induced in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux linked with it changes.

2.2 Second Law


- The magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic
flux:

𝓔 = - dΦ_B / dt

- Where Φ_B = B A cos θ is the magnetic flux.

- The negative sign represents Lenz’s Law.

3. Lenz’s Law
- The direction of induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux.

- Mathematically expressed as: 𝓔 = - dΦ_B / dt

- Lenz’s Law is a consequence of conservation of energy.

4. Motional EMF
- A conductor moving in a magnetic field experiences an induced emf:

𝓔 = B l v sin θ

- Where:

- B = magnetic field strength

- l = length of the conductor

- v = velocity of the conductor

- θ = angle between velocity and magnetic field


5. Eddy Currents
- Eddy currents are circular currents induced in a conductor due to a changing magnetic
field.

- They cause energy loss as heat (Joule heating).

- Applications: Magnetic braking, induction heating, metal detectors.

6. Self and Mutual Inductance

6.1 Self-Inductance (L)


- The property of a coil to oppose the change in current flowing through it.

- Induced emf is given by: 𝓔 = -L dI/dt

- Self-inductance of a solenoid: L = μ_0 N² A / l

6.2 Mutual Inductance (M)


- The property of a coil to induce an emf in a neighboring coil due to a changing current.

- Induced emf: 𝓔_2 = -M dI_1/dt

- Mutual inductance between two solenoids: M = μ_0 N_1 N_2 A / l

7. AC Generator
- Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

- Working principle: Electromagnetic induction.

- Alternating emf is given by: 𝓔 = 𝓔_0 sin ωt

Formulas

1. Faraday’s Law
𝓔 = - dΦ_B / dt

Φ_B = B A cos θ

2. Motional EMF
𝓔 = B l v sin θ

Maximum EMF: 𝓔_max = B l v

3. Self and Mutual Inductance


Self-inductance: 𝓔 = -L dI/dt

Mutual inductance: 𝓔_2 = -M dI_1/dt


Self-inductance of solenoid: L = μ_0 N² A / l

Mutual inductance of two solenoids: M = μ_0 N_1 N_2 A / l

4. AC Generator Equation
𝓔 = 𝓔_0 sin ωt

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