B.

Tech - Ist year Department of Information Technology Subject- Computer Fundamantal

Unit-II
MICROSOFT EXCEL
What is Excel?
Excel is pronounced "Eks - sel"

It is a spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft. Excel organizes data in

columns and rows and allows you to do mathematical functions. It runs on
Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

The first version was released in 1985 and has gone through several changes over
the years. However, the main functionality mostly remains the same.

Excel is typically used for:

Analysis
Data entry
Data management
Accounting
Budgeting
Data analysis
Visuals and graphs
Programming
Financial modeling

Excel is part of Microsoft’s 365 suite of software, alongside Word,

PowerPoint, Teams, Outlook, and more. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet
program that allows users to organize, format, and calculate data in a
spreadsheet. Excel users can create pivot tables and graphs to help them
compute and visualize complex data sets.

documents you can create:

Balance sheet
Budgets
Calendar
Data report
Forms
Income statement
Invoice
Mailing list
Planning document
Time sheet

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To-do list

All of these documents can be applied to your business or personal life.

Excel is a versatile tool that can help you stay organized and calculate
important information.

Why Use Excel?

· It is the most popular spreadsheet program in the world
· It is easy to learn and to get started.
· The skill ceiling is high, which means that you can do more advanced things as
you become better
· It can be used with both work and in everyday life, such as to create a family
budget
· It has a huge community support
· It is continuously supported by Microsoft
· Templates and frameworks can be reused by yourself and others, lowering
creation costs

Qu. What are Various Selection Data Selection

Techniques in MS EXCEL
How to select data in Excel
Selecting data is one of the most common operation Excel user practices in their day-to-day
life.

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There are various methods to select a cell or multiple cells in Excel, such as through a mouse
or by keyboard shortcut keys or a combination of both. As Microsoft Excel users, it is
essential to quickly select cells, rows, columns, table cells present in an Excel worksheet.
Selection assists the users in various tasks such as insertion, deletion, and formatting of
multiple rows and columns in an Excel worksheet. Whenever you select any cells, row,
column, or cell range, you will notice that the color of the selected cell(s) will change and
get highlighted compared to the rest of the cells.

This tutorial will discover the various ways for selecting cells, row columns, tables, and
the range of an Excel worksheet.

Select a Single Cell

Selecting a cell in Excel is pretty easy. Just put your mouse cursor on the respective cell that
you want to select, and that's it.

For example:

We want to select the B 4 cell. So we will keep our cursor to that particular cell address
to select it.

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Select Multiple Continuous Cells

Selecting multiple continuous cells is easy and simple. Select the first cell from where you
want to start the selection and drag the cursor to the end of the selected cell. Suppose you
want to select multiple cells B1: E10.

Follow the below steps:

1. Put your mouse cursor on the first cell from where you want to start your selection,
i.e., B1.

2. Press your mouse button and drag the mouse cursor till cell E10. It will include all the
in-between cells.

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3. Leave the mouse cursor, and the cells B1: E10 will get selected.

Select Rows/Columns
While working with Excel many times, the user requires selecting an entire row or column
for various operations such as hiding or deleting the row or column, applying some
conditional formatting, highlighting the data, etc.

Unlike you select a cell in Excel by placing the mouse cursor on the respective cells, you
can also select any row or a column by moving your mouse on the row or column.

1. Select a Single Row

Below given are the steps to select an entire row in Excel.

o Place your mouse cursor on the top of your row number. For example, if you
can second the select row, so bring your cursor to Row 2.

o Double click on the row number, and it will select the entire row. In the
below image, you can see the entire Row 2 is selected (Excel highlights the

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cells in blue to represent selection).

2. Select a Single Column

As in the above steps, we have seen how to select an entire row in Excel. Similarly, you
can select a column as well. Follow the below steps to select an entire Column in Excel:

o Place your mouse cursor on the top of your Column alphabet. For example,
if you can second the select column, so bring your cursor to Column B.

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o Double click on the column alphabet, and it will select the entire column. In
the below image, you can see the entire Column B is selected.

3. Select Multiple Contiguous Rows/Columns

We work on Excel and manipulate the data. Sometimes we want to select multiple rows/
columns together to apply the same operation on adjacent rows/columns at once.

For example, suppose that you want to select row numbers 5, 6, and 7 together.

Follow the below steps.

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o Bring your mouse cursor over row number 5 in the Excel worksheet.

o Double click the left cursor to select Row 5, but keep the mouse left button
pressed as we have to select multiple rows.

o While pressing the mouse drag your cursor down till you reach Row 4. At
this point leave the mouse pointer and the three adjacent rows will be selected.

Following the above steps, you can select multiple columns as well. Make sure to click on
the column alphabet instead of row number and drag till the last column selection.

4. Select Multiple Non-Adjacent Rows/Columns

Not always, we work with contiguous Rows/Columns. We may require it to work

with non-adjacent rows/columns as well. How do we select them?

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Selecting non-adjacent rows/columns is simple. However, the above select and drag
technique won't work as restricted to adjacent cells, rows, or columns. To select random
cells, rows, or columns in Excel, we have to use a keyboard and mouse combination. Let's
say we want to select random rows such as row numbers 5, 7, 9, 10.

Below given are the steps.

1. Bring your mouse cursor on the top of your first-row number, i.e., row 5 in
Excel. Click on the row number to select it.

2. Next, press the Control key on your keyboard.

3. While pressing the Control Key, drag your mouse cursor to the desired row numbers to
select them. First, we dragged it to Row 7 and clicked on row number. As you can see,
it got selected.

4. Leave the mouse button, move your mouse cursor to Row 9, click on the row number,
and select it.

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5. Similarly, select row 11.

6. Once you have selected the required rows, leave the mouse and the CTRL-key.

Unlike when you have selected the adjacent rows using a keyboard and mouse combination,
you can apply the same method to select multiple non-adjacent columns.

Select the Cells in the Excel Table

Most of the time, you work with Excel Table, and you are required to select all the cells
in the table to apply specific operations, formatting, or filters.

You manually select the table cell using the click and drag option. But it could be
time-consuming, and with large tables, it becomes damn hard. However, with the help of
Excel keyboard shortcuts, selecting the table cells of the worksheet can be done in a blink
of time.

Below given are the steps.

1. Go to your table and select any cell within your Excel table data set

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2. Press the Ctrl key and alphabet Akey from your keyboard.

3. It will quickly select all your cells from the table.

Note: CTRL + A would select all the cells within the table data set unless and
until Excel runs into a blank row or column as it would consider the blank row
or blank column as the end of the data set and won't stop the selecting
operation.

Select Cells Using Name Box

So far, we have covered various selection methods such as selecting the cells manually or
with the help of keyboard shortcuts or using a combination of a mouse and keyboard. But
the cells we selected were close by and easy to locate.

In some cases, you may require to select multiple continuous or non-continuous cells, rows,
or columns located at a distance in your Excel worksheet. Of course, those cells can be

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selected manually, but to your surprise, it will be time-consuming, and if it is something

you have to do regularly, then it is a great concern. Therefore, to save your time and select
the far-off cells quickly, you can use the Name Box.

"In Excel, Name Box is the small rectangular field placed on the top left corner of your
worksheet."

In general, whenever you select any cell in your Excel worksheet, the cell reference (of the
active cell) is shown in the name box. Though the vice versa is also applicable, i.e.,
whenever you type any cell address in the name box, it selects all the mentioned cells or
cell range."

For example: Let's suppose we have to select multiple non-contiguous cells, unlike B12,
N43, and Z50. If you notice the cells mentioned earlier are far off each other, it would be
cumbersome and time-consuming if we select it manually.

So let's try selecting the cells using the name box instead. Follow the below steps.

1. With the help cursor, click on the name box mounted at the top left corner of your Excel
worksheet.

2. Types in the cell address that you want to select. Separate the cell references with a
comma in case you want to select multiple cells. For example, in our case, we will type

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in B12, N43, Z50.

3. Once done, press the Enter button. It will instantly select the entered cells.

Note: In the Name Box bar, only the cell references of the active cells are
visible. It does not represent the total cells you selected; it only displays the
active cell, so don't get confused.

Selection using Keyboard Shortcut Keys

Selection helps you to operate easily. So far, we have seen many different ways, but Excel
also provides some useful shortcut keys using which you can select the combination of cells.
Below given are some useful keyboard shortcuts that will help you to automate the selection
process easily.

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This keyboard combination

selects the bottom-right
1. Ctrl+End
cell in your Excel
worksheet.

This keyboard combination

selects the top- left (A1)
2. Ctrl+Home
cell in your Excel
worksheet.

This keyboard combination

selects the left-most cell of
3. Home
the active row in your Excel
worksheet.

This keyboard combination

selects the right-most cell in
4. End, Enter the used range in the
active row of your Excel
worksheet.

This keyboard combination

5. Ctrl, A selects the current region in
your current worksheet.

This keyboard
combination selects the
cells in selected rows that
6. Ctrl, \
do not match the formula of
your current Excel
worksheet.

This keyboard combination

selects the entire column(s)
7. Ctrl, Space
for the selected range for
your active spreadsheet.

What Is Formatting in Excel?

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Formatting in Excel is a simple process of modifying or manipulating data in

spreadsheets from one form to another. Formatting can be done based on appearance
and data types.

Now that you know the fundamentals of Data Formatting in Excel, you will learn
how to implement formatting in real-time.

How to Format Data in Excel?

As discussed before, formatting in excel can be done based on various requirements,

including appearance, datatype, and data organization. You can do Data Formatting
in Excel by navigating the home tab.

Moving ahead, you will now learn how to implement formatting in Excel based on
the number or datatype formatting in the next section.

Number Formatting in Excel

Number Formats might sound simple, but improper number formats may lead to
improper reports in the end. A simple scenario can explain the situation in a better
way.

Now, imagine you work with an automotive store, and your store manager requests
you to find the customer that made the highest purchase in the month to award
the customer a discount on his next purchase.

Let us assume all transactions are saved in dollar format except the one. In a hurry,
you missed adding dollar format to it, which is the highest transaction made in the
month. This simple scenario explains how easily things could go sideways.

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In this section, you will learn what is number Formatting in Excel and how to add
number formatting in Excel?

Number Formats can be done in a few simple steps as follows:

Select a cell or a cell range or the complete column where you wish to add
Number Formats

Navigate to the Home button.

In the Number Group, select the drop-down to access the Number formatting
as shown below.

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There is another more straightforward way.

Select a cell or a range of cells or an entire column

Right-click on any selected cell

A drop-down will appear as shown below

Select the "Format cells" option.

it’s time to dig a little deep and understand the variety of formats available in Excel.

The following are the type of number formats available in Excel.

General

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General is a number format selected as the default by excel for any number you
type into the spreadsheet. The number appears the same way you type it without
additional decimals or modifications.

Number

Number Format is exclusively used when you are working with numbers. The
Number Format will add decimal points to your data to keep it more accurate, and
you can also customize the number of decimal points you wish to have.

Currency

Currency Number Format is used when you want to represent numbers in the form
of currency. For example, annual investment data. You might use dollars to represent
such kinds of data.

Accounting

Accounting is completely similar to currency. You can use the accounting Number
Format to add decimal places to your currency to make it more accurate.

Date

The Date Format is employed in spreadsheets to consider your input as a calendar

date instead of a regular number.

Time

The Time Format converts the general default number format to the time format.

Percentage

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The Percentage Data Format represents the values in terms of percentages. For
example, the Excel spreadsheet calculates the percentage values and multiples by
100 and denotes the decimal values in a percentage format.

Fraction

The Fraction Format displays the general number in the form of a fraction according
to the type of fraction you chose.

Scientific

The Scientific Number Format differs slightly from currency or a general or decimal
number. The Scientific Number Format has an exponential number that indicates
the power of a number. Apart from exponents, the scientific number format also
includes trigonometry, calculus, roots of a number, etc.

Text

The text includes the textual type of data. Here, Excel treats any number of data
you type as text format and keeps it the way it is without adding any decimals or
mathematical symbols.

Special

You also have symbols besides numbers, text, and scientific notations. These symbols
are entitled as special symbols. While using these symbols, you need to select the
Format of the special symbol.

Custom

Apart from all the available options, Excel also provides its users with a customizable
option that will help them use existing formats and customize them to create a
completely new one.

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So far, you have learned about number Formatting in Excel. Apart from number
formatting, you can also carry out formatting at the cell level. You will now learn
Cell Formatting in Excel in the next segment of this tutorial.

Cell Formatting in Excel

Cell Formatting in Excel is a little different from number formatting in Excel. Cell
formatting is related to text alignment, color, font, cell background color, images,
etc.

First, let us check the font options in Cell Formatting in Excel.

Navigate to the Home tab and search for the Font group.

Click on the drop-down icon, and Excel will provide you with a wide variety
of font options, as shown below.

After the Font option, you can go through the font color, bold, italic, and underline
options along with the text alignment in the same Home tab. A little towards the
right side in the alignment group, you have text alignment, text wrapping, and text
indentation options, as shown below.

Text Color Formatting in Excel

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The Text color option will help users customize the text color in Excel with various
color options, as shown below.

Cell Color Formatting in Excel

The Cell background color option will help users modify the cell background color
in the spreadsheet, as shown below.

Cell Borders Formatting in Excel

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The spreadsheet borders option will allow users to add cell borders as per the
requirement of the users.

Clipboard and Text Paste in Excel

You have the clipboard group on the left side of the font tab. The clipboard group
will help you with a variety of paste options. The copied text on the clipboard can
be pasted, or you can also use a custom paste option.

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Conditional Formatting in Excel

On the right side of the Number Format Group, you have Conditional Formatting,
Cell Formatting, and Table Formatting options, as shown below.

The Conditional formatting option will allow the users to highlight or mark cells
on excel spreadsheets based on logical functions and formulae, as shown below.

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Table Formatting in Excel

The Table Formatting in excel will allow you to modify the tabular data in Excel
with various options, as shown in the image below.

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Cell Formatting in Excel

The Cell Formatting option in Excel will allow users to modify individual cell
background colors per the user requirements, as shown below.

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"Proofing" in Excel 2010

Proofing is used in Excel to check the "Spelling", "Research",
"Thesaurus","Translation" in Excel 2010.
This tool allow the users to edit the documents in more than 50 languages.
Auto Correct Option is used for correcting typos and spelling mistakes automatically.
Auto correction is set up by avoidance with a list of typical misspelling, and symbols,
but we can identify the list that Auto correct uses.
To access spell check, go to Review tab and select Spelling in the Proofing group.
Let’s understand with a simple exercise:-
We have text in cell A1 and there are few spellings are wrong. Now we want to
correct the spellings in Microsoft Excel.

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Spelling Check in Data:-

Select the sheet in which you want to correct the spelling mistakes.
To check the spelling you have 2 options either go to Review Tab and click spelling
button in the Proofing group or press F7 key (function key) on your keyboard.

Excel will start the correct the Spelling mistakes. It checks for spelling from the active
cell point will continue till the end of worksheet.
After clicking on the Spelling, Spelling: English (United States) dialog box will
appear.
Before to correct the wrong spelling dialog box will provide the suggestion word you
can select appropriate words form the list otherwise you can ignore. If you are sure
about the spelling is correct and not available in this tool then you can add the word
in dictionary by using the Add to Dictionary option button.

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Click on Change All button, after completed the all spelling check you will get the
popup, click on ok.

It means all spellings mistakes have been corrected now.

Research Check in Data:-
This option such as dictionaries, encyclopedias and translation services are used to
get the info you need. You can also try some online services for more in-depth
research.
To use this function go to Review Tab, click on Research in the Proofing group.

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To research for the word, you have to enter the word in the Search for Box, and
research.
Thesaurus Option: - This option is used to find out words with similar meanings in
Microsoft Excel.
To use this function go to Review Tab, click on Thesaurus in the Proofing group.
Let’s take an example and understand how we can find out the different words of
same meanings.
Go to Review Tab, Click on Thesaurus in the Proofing Group.

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Thesaurus window will appear.

Enter a word in search box.
Click on search icon.
You will get the list of Synonyms.
Select any word as per the sentence meaning.

This is the way we can use the Thesaurus for find out the fit word for a sentence
in Microsoft Excel 2010 and 2013

BASIC FUNCTION IN EXCEL

The basics of Excel formulas

Before providing the basic Excel formulas list, let's define the key terms just to make sure we are on the same page. So, what do
we call an Excel formula and Excel function?
Formula is an expression that calculates values in a cell or in a range of cells.
For example, =A2+A2+A3+A4 is a formula that adds up the values in cells A2 through A4.

Function is a predefined formula already available in Excel. Functions perform specific calculations in a particular order
based on the specified values, called arguments, or parameters.
For example, instead of specifying each value to be summed like in the above formula, you can use the SUM function to add up
a range of cells: =SUM(A2:A4)
You can find all available Excel functions in the Function Library on the Formulas tab:

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There exist 400+ functions in Excel, and the number is growing by version to version. Of course, it's next to impossible to memorize
all of them, and you actually don't need to. The Function Wizard will help you find the function best suited for a particular task,
while the Excel Formula Intellisense will prompt the function's syntax and arguments as soon as you type the function's name preceded
by an equal sign in a cell:

Clicking the function's name will turn it into a blue hyperlink, which will open the Help topic for that function.
Tip. You don't necessarily have to type a function name in all caps, Microsoft Excel will automatically capitalize it once you finish
typing the formula and press the Enter key to complete it.

SUM
The first Excel function you should be familiar with is the one that performs the basic arithmetic operation of addition:
SUM(number1, [number2], …)

In the syntax of all Excel functions, an argument enclosed in [square brackets] is optional, other arguments are required. Meaning,
your Sum formula should include at least 1 number, reference to a cell or a range of cells. For example:
=SUM(B2:B6) - adds up values in cells B2 through B6.
=SUM(B2, B6) - adds up values in cells B2 and B6.
If necessary, you can perform other calculations within a single formula, for example, add up values in cells B2 through B6, and
then divide the sum by 5:
=SUM(B2:B6)/5
To sum with conditions, use the SUMIF function: in the 1st argument, you enter the range of cells to be tested against the criteria
(A2:A6), in the 2nd argument - the criteria itself (D2), and in the last argument - the cells to sum (B2:B6):
=SUMIF(A2:A6, D2, B2:B6)
In your Excel worksheets, the formulas may look something similar to this:

Tip. The fastest way to sum a column or row of numbers is to select a cell next to the numbers you want to sum (the cell immediately
below the last value in the column or to the right of the last number in the row), and click the AutoSum button on the Home tab,
in the Formats group. Excel will insert a SUM formula for you automatically.

AVERAGE
The Excel AVERAGE function does exactly what its name suggests, i.e. finds an average, or arithmetic mean, of numbers. Its syntax
is similar to SUM's:
AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)

Having a closer look at the formula from the previous section (=SUM(B2:B6)/5), what does it actually do? Sums values in cells B2
through B6, and then divides the result by 5. And what do you call adding up a group of numbers and then dividing the sum by
the count of those numbers? Yep, an average!
The Excel AVERAGE function performs these calculations behind the scenes. So, instead of dividing sum by count, you can simply
put this formula in a cell:
=AVERAGE(B2:B6)

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To average cells based on condition, use the following AVERAGEIF formula, where A2:A6 is the criteria range, D3 is he criteria,
and B2:B6 are the cells to average:
=AVERAGEIF(A2:A6, D3, B2:B6)

MAX & MIN

The MAX and MIN formulas in Excel get the largest and smallest value in a set of numbers, respectively. For our sample data set,
the formulas will be as simple as:
=MAX(B2:B6)
=MIN(B2:B6)

Useful resources:
MAX function - find the highest value.
MAX IF formula - get the highest number with conditions.
MAXIFS function - get the largest value based on multiple criteria.
MIN function - return the smallest value in a data set.
MINIFS function - find the smallest number based on one or several conditions.

COUNT & COUNTA

If you are curious to know how many cells in a given range contain numeric values (numbers or dates), don't waste your time counting
them by hand. The Excel COUNT function will bring you the count in a heartbeat:
COUNT(value1, [value2], …)

While the COUNT function deals only with those cells that contain numbers, the COUNTA function counts all cells that are not blank,
whether they contain numbers, dates, times, text, logical values of TRUE and FALSE, errors or empty text strings (""):
COUNTA (value1, [value2], …)

For example, to find out how many cells in column B contain numbers, use this formula:
=COUNT(B:B)
To count all non-empty cells in column B, go with this one:
=COUNTA(B:B)
In both formulas, you use the so-called "whole column reference" (B:B) that refers to all the cells within column B.

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The following screenshot shows the difference: while COUNT processes only numbers, COUNTA outputs the total number of non-blank
cells in column B, including the the text value in the column header.

WHAT IS COUNT IN EXCEL?

Before we learn how to count cells with text in Excel, let us refresh the concept
of COUNT in Excel. Let us see what COUNT is and how Excel counts the values.

Counting is one of the most commonly used functions in Excel which provides a
numerical summary of the total values which might be useful in a variety of places.
In simpler terms, Excel counts how many times a value appears in a column or row.

In Excel, you can count the number of cells or the values it houses by using functions.
Excel has a variety of functions that help in counting. Functions like COUNT and
COUNTA are used to count all the cells in a particular range or select cells which
house a particular value. On the other hand, COUNTIF and COUNTIFS functions
count cells only if they satisfy a particular value.

In the case where we want to count the number of cells with text in Excel, the
function COUNTIF/COUNTIFS is the best choice. Using these functions, you can set
criteria to the function so it counts only the cells which house the text values in
the cell.

HOW TO COUNT CELLS WITH TEXT

IN EXCEL?

Texts are also called strings in Excel. When it comes to technological terms, strings
are a block of text which might contain any identifying values. They can be
individual values like name or address, or they can be a variable that points to
another constant.

In Excel, they are usually written with alphanumeric characters which are enclosed
by double quotation marks or can be written with an apostrophe. Additionally, they

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can be a result of logical functions like TRUE or FALSE, or may even be special
characters like !, @, #, and $.

Count All the Text Values

To count all the text values in the given Excel sheet, you can use the COUNTIF
function along with a wildcard character. This function with a wildcard counts all
the text values in a given range.

To count the cells with text in Excel, choose a destination cell and enter the
formula =COUNTIF(range,criteria). Here, the range denotes the array of cells within
which you want the function to act. The criteria variable denotes the condition to
satisfy when counting the values.

Consider the below given example. To find the cells with text values in a given range,
enter the formula =COUNTIF(A3:A10,”*”). The function COUNTIF acts on the cell
range A3 to A10 and finds the text values. The * represents the wildcard element.
The * symbol specifies anything other than numbers to be counted, including blank
spaces and special characters. However, this method does not count logical values.

How to count cells with text in Excel

The cells with text within a given range are found to be 7. If you count the values
manually, you will notice that the cells with text values are 5. But, the cells A11
and A12 also contain characters like space ( ) and apostrophe (‘) which do not show
up in the cell.

Count Cells with Text Value Without Blank

Spaces
You can use the same COUNTIF function and wildcards to count the number of cells
with text in them. This method only counts cells that hold any text value and does
not count any blank cell in the given range.

To count the cells which have text value in them, enter the
formula =COUNTIF(range,criteria) in the destination cell. This is the same as the
previous case, but adding wildcard “?” together with “*” only counts the cells
which have text values.

Consider the below given example. To find the cells with text values in a given range,
enter the formula =COUNTIF(A3:A12,”?*”). Here, the function COUNTIF counts the
number of cells in the range of cells A3 to A12. Whereas for the criteria parameter,

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instead of just passing “*” which counts all the cells with text values, adding
the “?” wildcard to the criteria counts the cells which have at least one character.

How to count cells with text in Excel without blank spaces

As result, the cells which have text values are found to be 6. You can see the text
values aligned to the left of the cell whereas the numerical values are aligned to
the right of the cell. This function also counts the apostrophe as a text character,
but it does not count the blank spaces.

Count Cells with a Particular Text Value

With the help of wildcards and the COUNTIF function, you can also count the cells
with any specific text values in Excel.

Using this method, you’ll learn how to count specific words in Excel. To count the
cells with the specific value, you can just enter the text to count within quotations
when you pass the criteria parameter.

Let me show you an example. Suppose you want to count the occurrences of the
word “two” in a range of cells. You can just enter the formula in
the =COUNTIF(A3:A12,”two”) to count the occurrences of the word “two” in the
given range of cells A3 to A12.

How to count cells with text in Excel with particular value

Wildcards can be used to count cells with a specific text value.

Imagine you want to count the number of cells that contain the text starting with
any particular letter or character. Say, you want to count the number of cells that
starts with the letter “t”, then you can use the “*” wildcard.

Consider the example, in the cell range A3 to A12 you want to count the number
of cells which start with the letter “t”. Then, enter the
function =COUNTIF(A3:A12,“t*”) in the destination cell.

How to count cells with text in Excel with particular value using * wildcard
The resultant value is 2. This denotes that when you want to find the cells which
start with the letter “t”, you can enter the value “t*” in the criteria parameter.
As a result, the COUNTIF function counts the cells which start with the letter “t”
irrespective of the number of characters that follow them.

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Another case to use the wildcard is to count any one particular value. For example,
if you want to find the occurrences of a three-letter word that have the starting letter
“t” and ends with “o”, you can use the “?” wildcard. As the “*” wildcard replaces
any number of characters, the “?” wildcard only replaces one character.

Excel String Functions – LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN,

and FIND
Access to powerful string functions such “Excel string
functions like LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LEN, and FIND. These Excel text
function are essential for anyone looking to master data analysis and text
processing in Excel. Whether you need to extract specific parts of a string,
determine the length of text, or locate a substring within a cell, these
functions offer the flexibility and precision you need.
In this post, we’ll explore how to use the LEFT function in Excel to capture
the beginning of a text, the RIGHT function in Excel to grab the end of
a string, the MID function in Excel for extracting text from the middle,
the LEN function in Excel to measure text length, and the FIND function
in Excel to pinpoint the position of a substring. Understanding these excel
function in list will significantly enhance your ability to handle and
transform text data efficiently, making your workflow smoother and more
productive.

LEFT function in Excel

The LEFT function returns a given text from the left of our text string
based on the number of characters specified.
Syntax:
LEFT(text, [num_chars])
Parameters:
Text: The text we want to extract from.
Num_chars (Optional): The number of characters you want to
extract. Default num_chars is 1 and the number must be a positive
number that is greater than zero.
How to use LEFT Function Excel

Step 1: Format your data.

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Now if you want to get the first “Geeks” from “Geeksforgeeks” in B2.
Let us follow the next step.

Format your data.

Step 2: Enter Formula

We will enter =LEFT(B2,5) in the B3 cell. Here we want Excel to extract

the first 5 characters from the left side of our text in B2.

Enter =LEFT(B2,5)

Step 3: This will return “Geeks”.

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This will return “Geeks”

RIGHT Function in Excel

The RIGHT function returns a given text from the left of our text string
based on the number of characters specified.
Syntax:
RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
Parameters:
Text: The text we want to extract from.
Num_chars (Optional): The number of characters you want to
extract. Default num_chars is 1 and the number must be a positive
number that is greater than zero.
How to use RIGHT Function in Excel

Step 1: Format your data.

Now if you want to get the last geeks from “Geeksforgeeks” in B2. Let
us follow the next step.

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Format your data

Step 2: Enter Formula

We will enter =RIGHT(B2,5) in the B3 cell. Here we want Excel to extract

the last 5 characters from the right side of our text in B2.

Enter Formula

Step 3: This will return “geeks”.

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Geeks Returns

MID function in Excel

The MID function returns the text from any middle part of our text string
based on the starting position and number of characters specified.
Syntax:
MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
Parameters:
Text: The text we want to extract from.
start_num: The starting number of the first character from the text
we want to extract.
Num_chars: The number of characters you want to extract.
How to use MID Function in Excel

Step 1: Format your data.

Now if you want to get the character “for” which is located in the middle
of our text “Geeksforgeeks” in B2. Let us follow the next step.

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Format your Data

Step 2: Enter Formula

We will enter =MID(B2,5,3) in the B3 cell. Here we want Excel to extract

the characters located in the middle of our text in B2.

Enter Formula

Step 3: This will return “for”

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This will return “for”

LEN Function in Excel

The LEN function returns the number of characters in the text strings.
Syntax:
LEN(text)
Parameters:
Text: The text we want to know the length
How to use LEN Function in Excel

Step 1: Format your data.

Now if you want to know how many characters are in the text
“Geeksforgeeks”. Let us follow the next step.

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Format your data.

Step 2: Enter Formula

We will enter =LEN(B2) in the B3 cell. Excel will count how many
characters are in the text.

Enter Formula

Step 3: This will return 13

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13 Returns

FIND Function in Excel

The FIND function returns the position of a given text within a text.
Syntax:
FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num])
Parameters:
Find_text: The text we want to find.
Within_text: The text containing our find_text.
Start_num (Optional): The starting position of our find_text. Default
is 1.
How to use FIND Function in Excel

Step 1: Format your data

Now if you want to find “for” in geeksforgeeks in B2. Let us follow the
next step.

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Format your Data

Step 2: Enter Formula

We will enter =FIND(“for”,B2) in B3 cell. Here we want Excel to find

“for” in our text in B2.

Enter Formula

Step 3: This will return 6 because “for” is located at character number

6 in our text

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TRIM
If your obviously correct Excel formulas return just a bunch of errors, one of the first things to check is extra spaces in the referenced
cells (You may be surprised to know how many leading, trailing and in-between spaces lurk unnoticed in your sheets just until
something goes wrong!).
There are several ways to remove unwanted spaces in Excel, with the TRIM function being the easiest one:
TRIM(text)

For example, to trim extra spaces in column A, enter the following formula in cell A1, and then copy it down the column:
=TRIM(A1)
It will eliminate all extra spaces in cells but a single space character between words:

LEN
Whenever you want to know the number of characters in a certain cell, LEN is the function to use:
LEN(text)

Wish to find out how many characters are in cell A2? Just type the below formula into another cell:
=LEN(A2)

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Please keep in mind that the Excel LEN function counts absolutely all characters including spaces:

Want to get the total count of characters in a range or cells or count only specific characters? Please check out the following resources.

Excel SUBSTITUTE Function

Replacing a text with some other text is a common job that we all do in Excel, and we
all have different ways to do so. But do you know that Excel has provided an inbuilt function
named SUBSTITUTE to replace one or more instances of text strings with another. In this
tutorial, we will take a deeper look at the SUBSTITUTE function.

What is SUBSTITUE function?

The Excel Substitute function replaces a part of the text in a string with
some other text. SUBSTITUTE function is used to clean data by
substituting one or more characters from imported data. For example,
if we have imported some data from a PDF file in a format 458-299-605,
we apply the SUBSTITUTE function to transform it into 458299605.
The Excel SUBSTITUTE function replaces or substitutes the text strings with other text strings.
You can use the SUBSTITUTE function to replace the text based on matching (remember,
it doesn't work with position). You can also replace one or more text strings with no data;
you need to pass an empty string ("") in the argument. SUBSTITUTE is an inbuilt function
categorized under Excel Text Functions.

SUBSTITUTE function is case-sensitive. You can use it as a worksheet function in Excel.

The SUBSTITUTE function can be inserted as part of another formula in a cell as a worksheet
function. This function allows you to substitute the text in strings easily, and it gives you
the ability to decide which part of the string you want to replace. The alternative option
of this function is to use the Find and Replace Excel feature.

NOTE: A single SUBSTITUTE function can only replace one text value at a time.
However, you can nest the SUBSTITUTE function inside of itself to replace
more than one string.\

Syntax

. =SUBSTITUTE(Text, Old_Text, New_Text, [instance_number])

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Parameters

o Text (Required): This argument specifies the text in which you want to
substitute the text.
o Old_Text (Required): This argument specifies the old text which you want to
replace.
o New_Text (Required): This argument specifies the new text with which you
want to replace your original text.
o Instance_number (optional): The occurrence of old text which you want to
replace with new text. When you skip the instance parameter, all occurrences
of the old_text argument are replaced with the new_text argument.

Points to Remember for SUBSTITUTE function

o SUBSTITUTE function searches and replaces the old_text argument with

new_text in a specified string.
o Instance limits SUBSTITUTE replacement a particular instance of old_text.
o When you skip the instance parameter, all occurrences of the old_text
argument are replaced with the new_text argument.
o The SUBSTITUTE is a case-sensitive function and it does not support
wildcards.

Example 1: Use SUBSTITUTE function to make changes to some of

the strings below to get the results mentioned in the 'Result'
column.

String Instances Result

Bob Bot

Bumble 1 Tumble

Excel is easy to use Excel is convenient

The Excel is the easy The Excel is an easy

2
application application

The Excel is the popular Excel is the popular

application language
To SUBSTITUTE you data follow the below given steps:

Backward Skip 10sPlay VideoForward Skip 10s

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STEP 1: Add a helper column named Output

Place your mouse cursor to the cell next to "Result" and name the new column as "Output".

It will look similar to the below image:

We will type our SUBSTITUTE formula in this column and place the SUBSTITUTE data for
different text values.

NOTE: Format the helper column and match it with the match column to make
your Excel sheet more attractive.

STEP 2: Type the SUBSTITUTE formula

Put your cursor to the second row and start typing the function: = SUBSTITUTE(

It will look similar to the below image:

STEP 3: Insert the parameters

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o Text: Here we will specify the text that we want to change. It is the reference
cell of the string, i.e. B4 OR HUT, so our formula becomes: =SUBSTITUTE(B4,

o Old_text:In this parameter, we will specify the string (of our existing text
string) we want to change. Here, in our case, we want to change the string
b, so type it in with double quotations, i.e. "b", so our formula
becomes: =SUBSTITUTE(B4, "b",

o New_text:In this, we will specify the change we want to Old_text. It will be

entered in double quotations. Unlike here, we want to substitute Old_text
with "t", so our formula becomes =SUBSTITUTE(B4,
"b","t"

o Instance_num:This parameter indicates which specific instance we are

targeting the substitution on. Since here there is only one occurrence of "b"
so we will skip this optional parameter.

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Our final formula will look similar to the below

image:

STEP 4: SUBSTITUTE will return the result

The SUBSTITUTE will replace the character "b" with "t" and will return the output as "Bot".

It will look similar to the below image:

STEP 5: Repeat the formula for the other rows

o In the E5 cell, type the formula: = SUBSTITUTE (B5,"B","T",1). Since Bumble

has two b's, we have specified in instance 1, so it will substitute the first
instance of b with alphabet T.

o In the E6 cell, type the formula: =SUBSTITUTE (B6,"easy to use","

convenient"). This function will replace the string "easy to use" with

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convenient as shown in the below image:

o In the E7 cell, type the formula: =SUBSTITUTE (B7,"the","an",2). Since the

text "the Excel is the easy application" has two the's. Therefore we have
specified in instance 2, so it will substitute the second instance of 'the' with
the alphabet "an".

o In the E8 cell, type the formula: =SUBSTITUTE (B8,"The"," "). The

SUBSTITUTE function is case-sensitive. Therefore it will treat "The" and "the"
as different strings. This function will replace the string "The" with an empty
string.

Refer to the below image for all the outputs:

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That's it, and now you have successfully learnt how to use the SUBSTITUTE function in
Excel. Let's explore some complicated examples.

Example 2: Demonstrate the use of nested SUBSTITUTE function

using below table:

The SUBSTITUTE function cannot replace more than one string in a single function. Since
in the above table, we have to replace all the three strings, we need to have three separate
SUBSTITUTE functions in the same cell and get three of them replaced. To achieve this,
the best method is to nest ONE SUBSTITUTE function inside other.

To understand nested SUBSTITUTE functions follow the below-given steps:

STEP 1: Add a helper column named SUBSTITUTE Output

Place your mouse cursor to the cell next to "Original Text" and name the new column as
"SUBSTITUTE Output".

It will look similar to the below image:

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We will type our SUBSTITUTE formula in this column and place the SUBSTITUTE data for
different text values.

STEP 2: Type the SUBSTITUTE formula

o Put your cursor to the second row and start the nested formula by typing: =
SUBSTITUTE(
o Since have three strings that we want to replace therefore we will nest three
SUBSTITUTE functions one inside another. The formula will
be: =SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(

STEP 3: Insert the parameters of the nested substitutes

o Firstly we will enter the parameter for the third SUBSTITUTE function. We
will replace the string "Boy" with string "M". The formula will become:
=SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(C4,"Boy","M")

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o Next, we will enter the parameters for the second SUBSTITUTE function. We
will replace the old string "Rahul" with the new string "Rahul Panda". In the
second nested function, you don't require to put the text parameter again;
we will only specify the Old_Text and New_Text arguments. The formula will
become: =SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(C4,"Boy","M"),"Rahul","
Rahul Panda"),

o For the third nested function, add the parameters. We will replace the old
string "E001" with the new string "EMP001". In the third nested function,
you don't need to put the text parameter again; we will only specify the
Old_Text and New_Text arguments. The formula will become:
=SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(C4,"Boy","M"),"Rahul","Rahul
Panda"),"E001","EMP001")

Our formula will look similar to the below image:

STEP 4: SUBSTITUTE will return the result

The nested SUBSTITUTE functions will replace all the old strings with the new strings and
will return the data at once.

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The output will look similar to the below image:

STEP 5: Repeat the above formula for the following rows

o In the D5 cell, type the

formula: =SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(C5,"Girl",
"F"),"Reema","Reema Panda"),"E002", "EMP002").
It will replace all the Old_Text with the New_Text and give you the result.

o In the D6 cell, type the formula: =SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(C6,"Girl",

"F"),"Sita", "Sita Garg"),"E003","EMP003")

o In the D7 cell, type the

formula: =SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(C7,"Boy","M"),"Madhav",
"Madhav Jain"),"E004","EMP004").

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It will replace all the Old_Text with the New_Text and give you the result.

The nested SUBSTITUTE functions will replace all the old strings with the new strings and
will return the output for all the rows.

Refer to the below image:

Example 3: Using the SUBTITUTE function remove the line breaks

from your Excel worksheet.

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To replace the line breaks from the text, you can use a combination of SUBSTITUTE and
CHAR functions. To remove the line breaks from your cells follow the below-given steps:

STEP 1: Add a helper column named SUBSTITUTE Output

Place your mouse cursor to the cell next to "String" and name the new column as "Output".

It will look similar to the below image:

In this column we will type our SUBSTITUTE formula and place the SUBSTITUTE data for
different text values.

STEP 2: Type the SUBSTITUTE formula

Put your cursor to the second row and start typing the function = SUBSTITUTE(

It will look similar to the below image:

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STEP 3: Insert the parameters

SUBSTITUTE can locate matching text anywhere in a cell and replace it with the text of
your choice. SUBSTITUTE can accept up to four arguments, but we will use only the first
three and skip the fourth parameter.

o In the text parameter, we will specify the string from which we want to
remove the line breaks. It is the reference cell of the string, i.e. B2, so our
formula becomes: =SUBSTITUTE(B4,

o In the second parameter (Old_text) we will specify the line break as that is
what we want to substitute. We know that the ASCII character set is CHAR(10)

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in excel, so our formula becomes: =SUBSTITUTE(B2, CHAR (10)

o In the third parameter we will specify the new text with which we want to
replace the old text which in our case is comma (,), so our formula becomes:
=SUBSTITUTE(B5,CHAR(10, ",")),", ")

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Refer to the below image:

STEP 4: SUBSTITUTE will return the result

The SUBSTITUTE function will replace all line breaks or Char (10) characters with comma
(,) from B4 cell and will return the final output i.e, "Red, Yellow, Orange" in cell C4.

Refer to the below image:

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STEP 5: Drag the formula to other rows to repeat

o Place your mouse cursor on the formula cell and point the cursor to the right
corner of the cell. To your surprise, the mouse pointer will turn into a '+'
icon.
o Drag the '+' icon down the cells. It will copy the SUBSTITUE function to all
your cells changing the cell reference as respective to the cell.

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IF
Judging by the number of IF-related comments on our blog, it's the most popular function in Excel. In simple terms, you use an
IF formula to ask Excel to test a certain condition and return one value or perform one calculation if the condition is met, and another
value or calculation if the condition is not met:
IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

For example, the following IF statement checks if the order is completed (i.e. there is a value in column C) or not. To test if a cell
is not blank, you use the "not equal to" operator ( <>) in combination with an empty string (""). As the result, if cell C2 is not
empty, the formula returns "Yes", otherwise "No":
=IF(C2<>"", "Yes", "No")

Useful resources:
Excel LEN formulas to count characters in a cell
Count the number of characters in cells and ranges

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AND & OR
These are the two most popular logical functions to check multiple criteria. The difference is how they do this:
AND returns TRUE if all conditions are met, FALSE otherwise.
OR returns TRUE if any condition is met, FALSE otherwise.
While rarely used on their own, these functions come in very handy as part of bigger formulas.
For example, to check the test results in columns B and C and return "Pass" if both are greater than 60, "Fail" otherwise, use the
following IF formula with an embedded AND statement:
=IF(AND(B2>60, B2>60), "Pass", "Fail")
If it's sufficient to have just one test score greater than 60 (either test 1 or test 2), embed the OR statement:
=IF(OR(B2>60, B2>60), "Pass", "Fail")

CONCATENATE
In case you want to take values from two or more cells and combine them into one cell, use the concatenate operator (&) or the
CONCATENATE function:
CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], …)

For example, to combine the values from cells A2 and B2, just enter the following formula in a different cell:
=CONCATENATE(A2, B2)
To separate the combined values with a space, type the space character (" ") in the arguments list:
=CONCATENATE(A2, " ", B2)

Useful resources:
How to concatenate in Excel - formula examples to combine text strings, cells and columns.
CONCAT function - newer and improved function to combine the contents of multiple cells into one cell.

TODAY & NOW

To see the current date and time whenever you open your worksheet without having to manually update it on a daily basis, use
either:
=TODAY() to insert the today's date in a cell.
=NOW() to insert the current date and time in a cell.

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The beauty of these functions is that they don't require any arguments at all, you type the formulas exactly as written above.

Best practices for writing Excel formulas

Now that you are familiar with the basic Excel formulas, these tips will give you some guidance on how to use them most effectively
and avoid common formula errors.

Do not enclose numbers in double quotes

Any text included in your Excel formulas should be enclosed in "quotation marks". However, you should never do that to numbers,
unless you want Excel to treat them as text values.
For example, to check the value in cell B2 and return 1 for "Passed", 0 otherwise, you put the following formula, say, in C2:
=IF(B2="pass", 1, 0)
Copy the formula down to other cells and you will have a column of 1's and 0's that can be calculated without a hitch.
Now, see what happens if you double quote the numbers:
=IF(B2="pass", "1", "0")
At first sight, the output is normal - the same column of 1's and 0's. Upon a closer look, however, you will notice that the resulting
values are left-aligned in cells by default, meaning those are numeric strings, not numbers! If later on someone will try to calculate
those 1's and 0's, they might end up pulling their hair out trying to figure out why a 100% correct Sum or Count formula returns
nothing but zero.

Don't format numbers in Excel formulas

Please remember this simple rule: numbers supplied to your Excel formulas should be entered without any formatting like decimal
separator or dollar sign. In North America and some other countries, comma is the default argument separator, and the dollar sign
($) is used to make absolute cell references. Using those characters in numbers may just drive your Excel crazy :) So, instead of typing
$2,000, simply type 2000, and then format the output value to your liking by setting up a custom Excel number format.

Match all opening and closing parentheses

When crating a complex Excel formula with one or more nested functions, you will have to use more than one set of parentheses
to define the order of calculations. In such formulas, be sure to pair the parentheses properly so that there is a closing parenthesis
for every opening parenthesis. To make the job easier for you, Excel shades parenthesis pairs in different colors when you enter or
edit a formula.

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Copy the same formula to other cells instead of re-typing it

Once you have typed a formula into a cell, there is no need to re-type it over and over again. Simply copy the formula to adjacent
cells by dragging the fill handle (a small square at the lower right-hand corner of the cell). To copy the formula to the whole column,
position the mouse pointer to the fill handle and double-click the plus sign.

Note. After copying the formula, make sure that all cell references are correct. Cell references may change depending on whether
they are absolute (do not change) or relative (change).
For the detailed step-by-step instructions, please see How to copy formulas in Excel.

How to delete formula, but keep calculated value

When you remove a formula by pressing the Delete key, a calculated value is also deleted. However, you can delete only the formula
and keep the resulting value in the cell. Here's how:
Select all cells with your formulas.
Press Ctrl + C to copy the selected cells.
Right-click the selection, and then click Paste Values > Values to paste the calculated values back to the selected cells. Or,
press the Paste Special shortcut: Shift+F10 and then V.
For the detailed steps with screenshots, please see How to replace formulas with their values in Excel.

Make sure Calculation Options are set to Automatic

If all of a sudden your Excel formulas have stopped recalculating automatically, most likely the Calculation Options somehow switched
to Manual. To fix this, go to the Formulas tab > Calculation group, click the Calculation Options button, and select Automatic.
If this does not help, check out these troubleshooting steps: Excel formulas not working: fixes & solutions.
This is how you make and manage basic formulas in Excel. I how you will find this information helpful. Anyway, I thank you for
reading and hope to see you on our blog next week.

VLOOKUP Function
The VLOOKUP function is a premade function in Excel, which allows searches
across columns.

It is typed =VLOOKUP and has the following parts:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Note: The column which holds the data used to lookup must always be to the left.

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Note: The different parts of the function are separated by a symbol, like comma , or
semicolon ;

The symbol depends on your Language Settings.

Lookup_value: Select the cell where search values will be entered.

Table_array: The table range, including all cells in the table.

Col_index_num: The data which is being looked up. The input is the number of
the column, counted from the left:

Range_lookup: TRUE if numbers (1) or FALSE if text (0).

Note: Both 1 / 0 and True / False can be used in Range_lookup.

How to use the VLOOKUP function.

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1. Select a cell (H4)

2. Type =VLOOKUP
3. Double click the VLOOKUP command
4. Select the cell where search value will be entered (H3)
5. Type (,)
6. Mark table range (A2:E21)
7. Type (,)
8. Type the number of the column, counted from the left (2)
9. Type True (1) or False (0) (1)
10. Hit enter
11. Enter a value in the cell selected for the Lookup_value H3(7)

Let's have a look at an example!

Use the VLOOKUP function to find the Pokemon names based on their ID#:

H4 is where the search result is displayed. In this case, the Pokemons names based
on their ID#.

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H3 selected as lookup_value. This is the cell where the search query is entered.
In this case the Pokemons ID#.

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The range of the table is marked at table_array, in this example A2:E21.

The number 2 is entered as col_index_number. This is the second column from

the left and is the data that is being looked up.

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An illustration for selecting col_index_number 2.

Ok, so next - 1 (True) is entered as range_lookup. This is because the most left
column has numbers only. If it was text, 0 (False) would have been used.

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Have a look at that! The VLOOKUP function has successfully found the
Pokemon Squirtle which has the ID# 7.

One more time, type (H3)4:

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It still works! The function returned Charmanders name, which has 4 as its
ID#. That's great.

SUMIF Function
The SUMIF function is a premade function in Excel, which calculates the sum of
values in a range based on a true or false condition.

It is typed =SUMIF:

=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

The condition is referred to as criteria, which can check things like:

If a number is greater than another number >

If a number is smaller than another number <
If a number or text is equal to something =

The [sum_range] is the range where the function calculates the sum.

Note: The [sum_range] is optional.

If not specified, the function calculates the sum of the same range as the condition.

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Note: The different parts of the function are separated by a symbol, like comma , or
semicolon ;

The symbol depends on your Language Settings.

Example SUMIF function

Find the sum of Total stats for Grass type Pokemon:

The condition is that the type is "Grass".

Copy Values

Example SUMIF function, step by step:

1. Select the cell F3

2. Type =SUMIF
3. Double click the SUMIF command

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1. Specify the range for the conditionB2:B10 (the Type 1 values)

2. Type ,
3. Specify the criteria (the cell E3, which has the value "Grass")
4. Type ,
5. Specify the range for the sum C2:C10 (the Total values)
6. Type ,
7. Hit enter

The function now sums the Total stats for Grass type Pokemon.

The function can be repeated for the other Pokemon types to compare them:

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Now, we can see the sum of total stats for the different types of Pokemon:

SUMIFS Function
The SUMIFS function is a premade function in Excel, which calculates the sum of
a range based on one or more true or false condition.

It is typed =SUMIFS:

=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2,

criteria2] ...)

The conditions are referred to as criteria1, criteria2, and so on, which can
check things like:

If a number is greater than another number >

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If a number is smaller than another number <

If a number or text is equal to something =

The criteria_range1, criteria_range2, and so on, are the ranges where the
function check for the conditions.

The [sum_range] is the range where the function calculates the sum.

Note: The different parts of the function are separated by a symbol, like comma , or
semicolon ;

The symbol depends on your Language Settings.

Example SUMIFS function

Find the sum of total stats for Water type 1st Generation Pokemon:

The conditions are that the type is "Water" and Generation is 1.

Note: The full dataset continues after row 14, all the way down to row 759.

Example SUMIFS function, step by step:

1. Select the cell H3

2. Type =SUMIFS

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3. Double click the SUMIFS command

1. Specify the range for the sum C2:C759 (the Total values)
2. Type ,
3. Specify the range for the first conditionB2:B759 (the Type 1 values)
4. Type ,
5. Specify the criteria (the cell F3, which has the value "Water")
6. Type ,
7. Specify the range for the second conditionD2:D759 (the Generation values)
8. Type ,
9. Specify the criteria (the cell G3, which has the value "1")
10. Hit enter

Note: You can add more conditions by repeating steps 9-12 before hitting enter.

The function now calculates the sum of total stats for the 1st Generation Water
type Pokemon.

The function can be repeated for the following Generations to compare them:

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Note: You can use the filling function for the other rows, but make sure to use absolute
references for the ranges.

Now, we can see the sum of total stats of Water type Pokemon between
generations:

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