SCIENCE

1. What is inertia?

Inertia is the third law of Newton’s law of motion.

2. What is Newton’s law of inertia?

Newton’s third law of motion, inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an
object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon.

3. Why do we have to use a seat belt? Explain using Newton's law of inertia.

Seat belts are necessary due to Newton's law of inertia, which states that an object at rest tends
to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external
force. In a car crash, if you're not wearing a seat belt, your body will continue moving at the
vehicle's speed until it's stopped by a force, potentially causing severe injuries or fatalities.
Wearing a seat belt ensures that you're securely restrained within the vehicle, reducing the risk
of harm by preventing your body from continuing to move forward during a sudden stop or
collision.

4. What causes an object to accelerate?

An object accelerates if a force is applied to it.

5. What is the relationship between forces applied to the mass of an object and the object's
acceleration?

The relationship is straightforward: the bigger the force you use on an object, and the lighter the
object is, the faster it will speed up or accelerate. If you push harder on something light, it goes
faster; if you push the same way on something heavy, it goes slower.

6. If the force is applied to two objects with unequal masses, how will the accelerations of
the objects compare?

If you push a heavy object and a light object with the same force, the light object will
accelerate more and move faster because it's easier to move since it has less stuff
(mass) to push around. So, the lighter object will speed up more than the heavier one.

7. What are the implications of Newton’s third law of motion?

Newton's third law of motion says that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
This means that when you push something, that thing pushes back on you with the same force
but in the opposite direction.

8. Explain walking in terms of Newton’s third law of motion.

When you walk, your foot pushes back against the ground (action), and in response, the ground
pushes your foot forward (reaction). This push from the ground propels you forward and allows
you to walk.

9. If your weight is the action force, what is the reaction force?

If your weight is the action force pulling you down due to gravity, the reaction force is
the ground pushing back up on you with an equal force, which keeps you from falling
through the ground.

10. What are the types of friction?

There are mainly two types of friction: static friction and kinetic (or sliding) friction. Static
friction is the force that keeps objects at rest from moving when you try to push or pull
them. It acts to prevent motion until you apply enough force to overcome it. Kinetic
friction, on the other hand, opposes the motion of objects that are already sliding or
moving across each other, like when you slide a book across a table, and it tries to slow
it down.

11. What are some advantages and disadvantages of friction?

Advantages of friction: It helps us walk, grip things, and stop our cars. Disadvantages: It can
cause wear and tear on objects and make it harder to move things.

12. How is work defined in physics?

Work in physics is when you apply a force to an object, and it moves in the same direction as
the force.

13. What is the effect of positive work and negative work on the motion of a body?

Positive work makes an object speed up, while negative work slows it down.

14. What is the SI unit of work?

The SI unit of work is the joule (J).

Robotics
Answer in 5-10 sentences

1. How is the integration of robotics shaping the landscape of the Industrial Revolution
4.0, and Cite 1 example of a key industry experiencing transformative changes as a
result?

The integration of robotics is profoundly shaping the landscape of the Industrial

Revolution 4.0 by revolutionizing manufacturing and automation processes across
various industries. One prime example of transformative changes can be seen in the
automotive industry.

In car manufacturing plants, advanced robotics systems are now utilized for tasks
ranging from welding and painting to assembling complex components. These robots
work seamlessly alongside human workers, enhancing efficiency, precision, and safety.
As a result, production lines have become more flexible and adaptable to changes in
product design, thereby reducing time-to-market for new vehicle models.

Moreover, the integration of robotics in the automotive sector has enabled the
development of self-driving vehicles, further redefining the future of transportation. This
synergy between robotics and automation exemplifies how Industry 4.0 is reshaping
traditional manufacturing, propelling us into an era of increased productivity and
innovation.

2.) Why is it important to learn the key advancements of Robotics in the context of
Industryg 4.0?

Learning about the key advancements of robotics in the context of Industry 4.0 is
crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it prepares individuals for the evolving job market. As
industries increasingly adopt automation and robotics, understanding these
technologies enhances employability and career prospects.
Secondly, it is vital for businesses aiming to stay competitive. Knowledge of robotics
advancements enables companies to optimize operations, reduce costs, and deliver
higher-quality products and services.

Thirdly, robotics plays a pivotal role in addressing global challenges, from healthcare
and environmental sustainability to transportation. Learning about these advancements
facilitates innovation and solutions to these complex issues.

Fourthly, policymakers and regulators need this knowledge to create effective policies
and safety standards, ensuring the responsible integration of robotics in various
sectors.

Lastly, as consumers and citizens, understanding robotics advancements allows us to

make informed decisions about the products we buy and the policies we support,
contributing to a more technologically literate and responsible society. In summary,
learning about robotics in Industry 4.0 is essential for employability, business
competitiveness, innovation, effective governance, and informed citizenship.

3) Cite your own learning insights about the topic. How can you apply the
advancements of Robotics in the context of Industry 4.0 in daily life?

To apply the advancements of robotics in the context of Industry 4.0 in daily life,
individuals can focus on upskilling and staying technologically literate. Learning how to
operate and troubleshoot common robotic systems can be valuable, as they are
increasingly found in various household appliances, from vacuum cleaners to smart
home devices.

Additionally, understanding the principles of automation and robotics can help

individuals make informed decisions about their career paths. Many jobs are evolving to
require collaboration with robotic systems, and having knowledge in this area can open
up new opportunities.

Moreover, individuals can explore hobbies or projects that involve robotics, from DIY
robotics kits to programming small robots. This hands-on experience can deepen one's
understanding of these technologies and their applications.

Lastly, staying informed about the ethical and societal implications of robotics is
essential. Being aware of the potential impact on employment, privacy, and security can
enable individuals to engage in informed discussions and advocate for responsible
adoption of robotics in daily life.