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CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics Notes Chapter 2 People as Resource (1)

Chapter 2 of the CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics notes discusses the concept of 'People as Resource', emphasizing the importance of human capital formed through education, training, and healthcare. It outlines the economic activities divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, highlighting the disparities in employment and income between men and women. The chapter also addresses the significance of education and health in enhancing the quality of the population and the challenges of unemployment in both rural and urban areas.

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17 views

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics Notes Chapter 2 People as Resource (1)

Chapter 2 of the CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics notes discusses the concept of 'People as Resource', emphasizing the importance of human capital formed through education, training, and healthcare. It outlines the economic activities divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, highlighting the disparities in employment and income between men and women. The chapter also addresses the significance of education and health in enhancing the quality of the population and the challenges of unemployment in both rural and urban areas.

Uploaded by

palraj.p3850
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics Notes

Chapter 2 - People as Resource


Chapter 2 - People as Resource is an effort to explain population as an asset for the economy
rather than a liability. Population becomes human capital when there is an investment made in the
form of education, training and medical care. Human capital is the stock of skill and productive
knowledge embodied in them. Here we have provided CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics
notes for Chapter 2 to help students grasp concepts quickly and revise thoroughly before the
exams. These Economics notes for Class 9 have been designed precisely covering almost all the
concepts mentioned in the chapter. Preparing from these notes will help students to fetch excellent
marks in their Class 9 Economics exam.

Overview
People as Resource is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing
productive skills and abilities. Like other resources, the population is also considered as human
resource. When the existing 'human resource' is further developed by becoming more educated
and healthy, it is called human capital formation. Investment in human capital (through
education, training, medical care) yields a return just like investment in physical capital. Human
capital is superior to other resources like land and physical capital. Total productivity adds to the
growth of the economy. Investment in human resource (via education and medical care) can give
high rates of return in future. Countries, like Japan, have invested in human resources.

Economic Activities by Men and Women


The activities in Economics are divided into three sectors i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary.
Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and
quarrying. Secondary sector includes manufacturing. Tertiary sector includes trade, transport,
communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. These activities are
termed as economic activities. Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-
market activities. Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e., activity
performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services, including government
service. Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. These can be consumption
and processing of primary product and own-account production of fixed assets.

There was a division of labour between men and women. Men were paid for their services but to
the contrary women were not paid for their services. Education played an important role for
individuals to make better use of economic opportunities. Most women used to work in places
where there was no job security. In this sector, employment was characterised by irregular and low
income. Basic facilities were missing like maternity leave, childcare and other social security
systems. However, women with high education and skill formation were paid highly.

Quality of Population
The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life
expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country. It ultimately decides the
growth rate of the country and a literate and healthy population were an asset.
CBSE Class 9 Social Science Economics Notes
Chapter 2 - People as Resource

Education

Education contributes to the growth of society and enhances the national income, cultural richness
and increases the efficiency of governance. Literacy is needed for citizens to perform their duties
and enjoy their rights properly. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, which was introduced in the year 2010
provides elementary education to all children in the age group of 6–14 years. To encourage
attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status, a mid-day meal scheme
was introduced. The 12th plan focused on increasing access, quality, adoption of state-specific
curriculum modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology,
distance education, convergence of formal, non-formal, distance and IT education institutions.

Health

Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country. The
National Policy, too, aimed at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare and
nutritional service, especially for the underprivileged segment of the population. India over the last
five decades has developed its manpower required at primary, secondary and tertiary sector.

Unemployment
In India, we have unemployment in rural and urban areas, though the nature of unemployment
differs in rural and urban areas. In rural areas, unemployment was seasonal and disguised. In
urban areas, unemployment was educated unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurred
when people were not able to find jobs during a few particular months of the year. In disguised
unemployment people appeared to be employed. Educated unemployment became a common
phenomenon in urban areas. Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource, tends to
increase economic overload, has a detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy. In
India, statistically, the unemployment rate is low.

In the primary sector, employment structure is characterised by self-employment. Agriculture is the


most labour absorbing sector of the economy. But, in recent years, there has been a decline in the
dependence of population on agriculture. Some of the surplus-labour in agriculture has moved to
either the secondary or the tertiary sector. In the secondary sector, small scale manufacturing was
the most labour absorbing. In case of the tertiary sector, various new services are now appearing
like Biotechnology, Information Technology and so on.

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