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machine learning

This document is a comprehensive tutorial on machine learning, covering its definition, types (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement, semi-supervised, and self-supervised), and the machine learning pipeline. It details various supervised learning algorithms, including linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and naive Bayes, along with their implementations and practical projects. Additionally, it introduces ensemble learning methods, emphasizing bagging and boosting techniques.

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prajyot.1992
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2 views

machine learning

This document is a comprehensive tutorial on machine learning, covering its definition, types (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement, semi-supervised, and self-supervised), and the machine learning pipeline. It details various supervised learning algorithms, including linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and naive Bayes, along with their implementations and practical projects. Additionally, it introduces ensemble learning methods, emphasizing bagging and boosting techniques.

Uploaded by

prajyot.1992
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Learning Tutorial

Last Updated : 24 Jan, 2025

Machine learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers to learn from data
and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. If you're new to this field, this tutorial
will provide a comprehensive understanding of machine learning, its types, algorithms, tools, and
practical applications.

Module 1: Introduction to Machine Learning

Machine learning teaches computers to recognize patterns and make decisions automatically using
data and algorithms.

It can be broadly categorized into three types:

 Supervised Learning: Trains models on labeled data to predict or classify new, unseen data.

 Unsupervised Learning: Finds patterns or groups in unlabeled data, like clustering or


dimensionality reduction.

 Reinforcement Learning: Learns through trial and error to maximize rewards, ideal for
decision-making tasks.

In addition these categories, there are also Semi-Supervised Learning and Self-Supervised Learning.

 Semi-Supervised Learning uses a mix of labeled and unlabeled data, making it helpful when
labeling data is costly or time-consuming.

 Self-Supervised Learning creates its own labels from raw data, allowing it to learn patterns
without needing labeled examples.

Machine Learning Pipeline

Machine learning is fundamentally built upon data, which serves as the foundation for training and
testing models. Data consists of inputs (features) and outputs (labels). A model learns patterns
during training and is tested on unseen data to evaluate its performance and generalization. In order
to make predictions, there are essential steps through which data passes in order to produce a
machine learning model that can make predictions.

1. ML workflow

2. Data Cleaning

3. Feature Scaling

4. Data Preprocessing in Python

Module 2: Supervised Learning

Supervised learning algorithms are generally categorized into two main types:
 Classification - where the goal is to predict discrete labels or categories

 Regression - where the aim is to predict continuous numerical values.

There are many algorithms used in supervised learning, each suited to different types of problems.
Some of the most commonly used supervised learning algorithms include:

1. Linear Regression

 Introduction to Linear Regression

 Gradient Descent in Linear Regression

 Linear regression (Python Implementation from scratch)

 Linear regression implementation using sklearn

 Rainfall prediction - Project

 Boston Housing Kaggle Challenge - Project

 Ridge Regression

 Lasso regression

 Elastic net Regression

 Implementation of Lasso, Ridge and Elastic Net

2. Logistic Regression

 Understanding Logistic Regression

 Cost function in Logistic Regression

 Logistic regression Implementation from scratch

 Heart Disease Prediction - Project

 Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnosis - Project

3. Decision Trees

 Decision Tree in Machine Learning

 Feature selection using Decision Tree

 Decision Tree - Regression (Implementation)

 Decision tree - Classification (Implementation)

 Types of Decision tree algorithms

4. Support Vector Machines (SVM)

 Understanding SVMs

 Support Vector Machines(SVMs) implementation

 SVM Hyperparameter Tuning - GridSearchCV


 Non-Linear SVM

 Implementing SVM on non-linear dataset

5. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)

 Introduction to KNN

 Decision Boundaries in K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)

 Implementation from scratch

 KNN classifier - Project

6. Naive Bayes

 Introduction to Naive Bayes

 Naive Bayes Scratch Implementation

 Gaussian Naive Bayes

 Implementation of Gaussian naive bayes

 Multinomial Naive Bayes

 Bernoulli Naive Bayes

 Complement Naive Bayes

Introduction to Ensemble Learning

Ensemble learning combines multiple simple models (called weak learners, like small decision trees)
to create a stronger, smarter model. There are importantly two types of ensemble
learning: Bagging that combines multiple models trained independently, and Boosting that builds
models sequentially, each correcting the errors of the previous one.

For in-depth understanding : What is Ensemble Learning? - Two types of ensemble methods in ML

Advanced Supervised Learning Algorithms:

7. Random Forest (Bagging Algorithm)

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