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Lecture 06

The document discusses the process of humidification in air conditioning and refrigeration, explaining how to increase the moisture content of air, particularly during heating. It details methods of humidification, including the use of spray chambers and steam injection, and provides formulas for calculating humidification efficiency and changes in air state. Additionally, examples are given to illustrate the calculations involved in determining the state of air after humidification.

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2 views

Lecture 06

The document discusses the process of humidification in air conditioning and refrigeration, explaining how to increase the moisture content of air, particularly during heating. It details methods of humidification, including the use of spray chambers and steam injection, and provides formulas for calculating humidification efficiency and changes in air state. Additionally, examples are given to illustrate the calculations involved in determining the state of air after humidification.

Uploaded by

abasouda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Air
Conditioning and
Refrigeration

Engineering of Air Conditioning and


Refrigeration Technology

Lecture 6

Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih


M.sc.Mohammed Q.Alomary
Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2nd year I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

Lecture six
5-Humidification:
By this process the moisture content of air is increased.
Humidification is used with heating process since in such situations heating
is only sensible and the air becomes dry, therefore additional moisture is
required.
Humidification is done by humidifier either by:
a. By passing moist air stream through a spray chamber containing a very
large number of small water droplets.
b. Passage of air over a large, wetted surface.
c. By direct injection of steam or water droplets aerosol size into the room
being conditioned.

passing moist air stream through a spray chamber


In this method a device called an air washer is used, in this method it is
customary to speak of humidification efficiency or the effectiveness E of an
air washer than the contact factor or by a by-pass factor. The effectiveness of
air washer may be defined as the extent to which the DBT of the entering
moist- air stream approaches its initial WBT value, or it can be define as the
change of state undergoes by the air.

1
Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2nd year I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

Air
1 -2 g

1
oar-+

Although humidification efficiency is often expressed in terms of a process of


adiabatic saturation, but this process is a special case.
The effectiveness ( E )of spray chamber is
E = h 2-h1 _ W2 -W1
h c -h1 Wc -W1
And the humidity efficiency TJ is: TJ = 100 E
Consider the special case of adiabatic saturation, for this to occur it is
necessary that:
a. The spray water is totally re-circulated, no heat exchange being present in
the pipeline or in the waste tank.
b. The spray chamber, tank and pipelines are perfectly lugged.
c. The feed water supplied is at the temperature of adiabatic saturation.
Under these conditions it may be assumed that the change of state follows a
line of constant enthalpy, and since the lines of enthalpy and WBT are
corresponding each other, therefore we can assume that the process follows
the line of constant WBT.

2
Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2nd year I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

Example:

1.5 m 3/s of moist air at 15° C DBT, 10° C WBT and 101.325 kPa enters the
spray chamber of an air washer. The humidification efficiency of the washer
is 90%, all the spray water is recirculated, the spray chamber and the tank are
perfectly lugged, and the feed water at I 0°C is supplied to make good the
losses due to evaporation: calculated; a- the state of the air leaving the washer
b- the rate of flow of makeup water from the mains.
Solution:
Since the process is at constant WBT, the point (c) must lie on saturation curve
at 10°C, i.e. Tc=l0° C. (W 1 = 5.56 gw /kg dry air, We = 7.6 gw /kg dry air)
from chart.
_ DBT1 -DBT2 · c. f
E [i.e., the ratio 01(higher value - lower value) o
DBT1 -Tc
temperature in the numerator and denominator].
15
0.9- -DBTz DBT2= 10.5°C --+ WBT2 = WBT1 =I0°C
15-10 '

5 56
0.9- Wz - . --+ W 2= 7 .396 gram water/k g dry air.
.
7.6-5.56

The rate of makeup water = nia(W2-W1)


3
U1 =0.824m /kg

5
ni _v - 1. = l.82kg/sec
a u 0 .824

rriw= l.82(7.396-5.56) =_3.342 gram water/sec.


rriw=3.342* 10-3*3600= 12.0312kgw/hr

3
Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2 nd year I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

uo 120 130

For adiabatic humidification we had:

h1=h1+(w2-w1)hfg.
Since humidification may be accomplished with steam or water let
(hrg)be (h3) to indicate enthalpy of water, water vapour or even ice.
:. for humidification h1=h1+(w2-w1)h3
Also, mass balance can be written for the process as:
m1=m1+mw (total mass balance).where (mw) is the mass of
water or steam injected. Alternatively, since the mass of dry
air is constant.
W2=w1+mw

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Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2nd year I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

where w1 & w2 are specific humidities & mw is mass in kg water or


steam/kg of dry air.

e.g: moist air at 21°C d.b. & 15°C w.b. and standard atmospheric
pressure is humidified by water spray. If for each kg of dry air passing
through the duct (0.002kg) of water at 100°C is injected and totally
evaporated. Calculate for the air leaving the spray chamber.
a. the moisture content. b. enthalpy. & c. dry bulb temperature.
Solution:

: P1=Psw-Pa.A.(td-tw)
= 1.7051-101.325*6.66* 104 (21-J 5)=1.3kPa

W 1 =0.622~
3
= 0.622 * 1. = 0.008084kg/kg dry air
PB-Pi 101.325-1.3

h i = (1 .007 t -0.026) +WI (2501+1.84 t)


= (1.007*21-0.026)+0.008084(2501+ 1.84*21)=41.5kJ/kg dry air.
a. W2=w1+mw=0.008084+0.002=0.010084kg/kg dry air
b. h2=h 1+(w2-w1)h3
h3=419.04kJ/kg for water at 100°C from table.
h2=41.5+(0.010084-0.008084) *419.04=42.33kJ/kg dry air.
c. h2= (1.007 h -0.026) + w2(2501+1.84 h)
d. 42.33=(1.007 h -0.026) +0.010084* (2501 + 1.84 t2)
h=16.7°C.

5
Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2ndyear I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

Notes: Three possibilities exist for humidification with water injection:


a. If water is at t=0°C, [hno0 c=O].
h1=h1+(w2-W1)*hf
:. h1=h1 , and the process follows a constant enthalpy line.
b. If the water temperature = air wet bulb temperature, the process
follows a constant wet bulb temperature line.
c. If as in the example above the water temperature= 100°C, the process
follows line (tw=100°C).

6
Engineering of Air Conditioning and 2ndyear I Air conditioning 1
Refrigeration Technology Dr. Hadeer M. Fleih
Air conditioning and refrigeration 2024-2025

OST-- -.

Note: for steam injection, dry bulb temperature is normally constant


or very slightly increases. (minimum steam temperature is I 00°C),
and unless the steam is highly superheated the process can usually
be considered a constant dry bulb temperature process. Enthalpy
always increases.

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