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The document outlines a classwork example focused on spaceflight mechanics, specifically orbital mechanics and attitude dynamics. It includes calculations for an interplanetary mission to Venus, a satellite in a sunsynchronous orbit, and the dynamics of a cylindrical spacecraft under thrust. Key tasks involve determining transfer duration, velocities, orbital parameters, and angular momentum changes due to thruster ignition.

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2 views

examtest_0

The document outlines a classwork example focused on spaceflight mechanics, specifically orbital mechanics and attitude dynamics. It includes calculations for an interplanetary mission to Venus, a satellite in a sunsynchronous orbit, and the dynamics of a cylindrical spacecraft under thrust. Key tasks involve determining transfer duration, velocities, orbital parameters, and angular momentum changes due to thruster ignition.

Uploaded by

brohanzala40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spaceflight Mechanics

15 December 2022 – CLASSWORK EXAMPLE – part 2

Orbital Mechanics
1. An interplanetary mission starting at Earth and headed to Venus is planned. Assuming that the
interplanetary flight is approximated by a Hohmann transfer, evaluate
(a) transfer duration and phase angle between the planets at departure,
(b) the heliocentric velocity of the probe at Venus and the corresponding excess of hyperbolic
velocity relative to Venus,
The spacecraft performs a direct (i.e. prograde, counterclockwise) flyby at Venus, with periapse
altitude (over Venus) equal to 200 km. Calculate
(c) impact parameter and deflection angle of the planetocentric hyperbola,
(d) radial and horizontal components of the heliocentric velocity after the flyby.
Provide a schematic graphical representation of the trajectory.

Gravitational parameter, Orbit radius, R Radius of Planet


µ [km3/sec2] [km] l [km]
Sun 1.327e11 / /
Earth 398600.4 149.5*10^6 6378.136
Venus 325700.0 108.2*10^6 6052

2. A satellite is placed in a circular sunsynchronous orbit about Earth, with orbital period of 100
minutes. At the initial time, it is at the descending node, at geographical longitude of 15 deg, and the
Greenwich sidereal time equals 45 deg. The spacecraft has ballistic coefficient equal to 0.05 m 2 kg .
(a) Calculate the orbit radius, inclination, and RAAN.
(b) Obtain the geographical longitude flown at the ascending node.
At the initial time, a nearby space debris is located 8 km ahead of the spacecraft (along-track
displacement), has no radial displacement, has radial velocity of 2 m/sec, and no along-track relative
velocity.
(c) Depict the relative trajectory of the debris with respect to the spacecraft, and calculate the
distance of closest approach.
A single impulsive orbit maneuver is designed, to obtain a polar orbit.
(d) Identify the point(s) where the impulsive maneuver can be performed, and evaluate the ∆v
(magnitude and direction).
(e) Portray an illustrative sketch of the ground track of the polar orbit.
(f) Evaluate the orbit decay in 3 months, using the following two data for the atmospheric density:
ρ = 3.614 ⋅ 10−14 kg m3 at altitude of 700 km, ρ = 1.170 ⋅ 10−14 kg m3 at altitude of 800 km.
Fundamentals of attitude dynamics
3. A cylindrical axisymmetric spacecraft has radius of 1 m, moments of inertia
I1 = I 2 = IT = 20 kg ⋅ m 2 I 3 = 35 kg ⋅ m 2
and is subject to no external torque. Axis Ê3 of the inertial reference frame is aligned with the
angular momentum H C ( t0− ) ; the spacecraft rotates with a constant nutation angle θ of 60 deg and a

transverse velocity component ω12 = ω12 + ω22 = 0.3 sec −1 . At t0− ω1 ( t0− ) = −ω12 .

(a) Determine the angular velocity component ω3 .


(b) The spacecraft is equipped with two thrusters (see figure below), which are ignited for 1 sec at
t0 and provide a propulsive thrust F, whose magnitude F equals 1 newton. Under the impulsive
torque assumption, obtain the components (along the body axes) of the angular momentum
H C ( t0+ ) after ignition of the two thrusters.

(c) A new inertial reference frame is defined, with axis Ê3′ aligned with H C ( t0+ ) . Calculate the

nutation angle at t0+ , with respect to Ê3′ .


(d) In the new inertial reference frame, the precession angle at t0+ is ψ ( t0+ ) = 0 . Determine the
principal axis and angle associated with the instantaneous orientation of the spacecraft at time
t = t0 + 60 sec .

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