MATH/VI/CC/09 Student’s Copy

2019
( CBCS )
( 6th Semester )

MATHEMATICS

NINTH PAPER

( Modern Algebra )

Full Marks : 75

Time : 3 hours

( PART : A—OBJECTIVE )
( Marks : 25 )
Answer all questions
SECTION—A
( Marks : 10 )

Each question carries 1 mark

Put a Tick R mark against the correct answer in the box provided :

1. If G is a non-Abelian group of order p 3 , where p is prime, then the order of the

center Z of G is

(a) 1 : (b) p :
(c) p2 : (d) p 3 :

2. A subgroup H of a group G is normal, if it is of index

(a) 0 : (b) 1 :
(c) 2 : (d) 3 :

/645 1 [ Contd.
 3. Which of the following is not an integral domain?
(a) The ring of integers :
(b) The ring of all 2 ´ 2 matrices with elements as integers :
(c) ({ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, + 5, ´ 5 ) :
(d) The ring of all real numbers :

4. The ring of Gaussian integers is not

(a) commutative with respect to addition :
(b) commutative with respect to multiplication :
(c) a field :
(d) an integral domain :

5. Let a and b be two non-zero elements in a Euclidean ring R, then b is a non-unit

in R, if
(a) d (ab ) = d (a ) : (b) d (ab ) > d (a ) :
(c) d (ab ) < d (a ) : (d) d (ab ) = d (ba ) :

6. In the quadratic ring of integers Z [i 5 ] = { a + i 5b; a, b Î Z } , the number 3 is

(a) irreducible but not prime :
(b) prime but not irreducible :
(c) irreducible and prime :
(d) neither irreducible nor prime :

7. Which of the following set of vectors is linearly dependent?

(a) {(2, 1, 4), (1, - 1, 2), (3, 1, - 2)} :
(b) {(-1, 2, 1), (3, 0, - 1), (-5, 4, 3)} :
(c) {(1, 2, 0), (0, 3, 1), (-1, 0, 1)} :
(d) {(2, - 3, 1), (3, - 1, 5), (1, - 4, 3)} :

8. If V (F ) is a vector space with zero element 0 and if U and W are disjoint

subspaces of V (F ), then
(a) U Ç V = F : (b) U Ç V = 0 :
(c) U Ç V = { 0} : (d) U Ç V ¹ 0 :

MATH/VI/CC/09/645 2 [ Contd.
 9. Let T : R 3 ® R 3 be a linear transformation whose nullity is 2. Then the rank of
T is
(a) 0 : (b) 1 :
(c) 2 : (d) 3 :

10. Which of the following functions is a linear transformation from R 2

into R 2 ?
(a) f (x, y ) = (x 2, y ), " (x, y ) Î R 2 :
(b) f (x, y ) = (sin x, y ), " (x, y ) Î R 2 :
(c) f (x, y ) = (1 + x, y ), " (x, y ) Î R 2 :
(d) f (x, y ) = (x - y, 0), " (x, y ) Î R 2 :

SECTION—B
( Marks : 15 )
Each question carries 3 marks
Answer the following questions :
2
1. (a) If the order of a group G is p , where p is a prime number, then prove that
G is Abelian.
OR
(b) Show that every quotient group of an Abelian group is Abelian and the
converse is not necessarily true.
2. (a) Prove that every field is an integral domain.
OR
(b) Show that the set of all rational numbers is a subring but not an ideal of
the ring of all real numbers.
3. (a) Let f be a homomorphism of a ring R into a ring R ¢. Show that the kernel of
f is an ideal of R.
OR
(b) Prove that the necessary and sufficient condition for a non-zero element a
in a Euclidean ring to be a unit is that d (a ) = d (1.
)

MATH/VI/CC/09/645 3 [ Contd.
 4. (a) Show that the set W = {(x, y, z) = x - 3y + 4z = 0} is a subspace of R 3 .
OR
3
(b) Show that the vectors {(2, - 3, 1), (3, - 1, 5), (1, - 4, 3)} forms a basis for R .
5. (a) Let T : R 2 ® R 2 be a linear operator defined by T (x, y ) = (4x - 2y, 2x + y ).
Determine the matrix T with respect to the ordered basis {(1, 1), (-1, 0)} .
OR
(b) Let T : R 3 ® R2 be a linear transformation defined by
T (x, y, z) = (x + y, y - z). Find the kernel of T.

( PART : B—DESCRIPTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
Answer five questions, taking one from each Unit

UNIT—I
1. (a) State the fundamental theorem on homomorphism of groups. Hence if
G is a group and H is any subgroup of G and if N is any normal
subgroup of G, then prove that
HN H
@
N HÇN 1+6=7

(b) Prove that a subgroup H of a group G is a normal subgroup of G if and

only if each left coset of H in G is a right coset of H in G. 3

2. (a) Prove that the set I (G) of all inner automoprhisms of a group G is a
normal subgroup of the group A(G) of all automorphisms of G. Also
prove that I (G) is isomorphic to the quotient group G / Z of G, where Z
is the center of G. 7

(b) Show that for an Abelian group, the only inner automorphism is the
identity mapping but for non-Abelian groups, there exist non-trivial
automorphisms. 3

MATH/VI/CC/09/645 4 [ Contd.
 UNIT—II

3. (a) Prove that a ring R is without zero divisors, if and only if the
cancellation laws hold in R. 4
(b) Prove that the ring of integers is a principal ideal domain. 6

4. (a) Prove that an ideal S of a commutative ring R with unity is maximal, if

and only if the residue class R / S is a field. 6
(b) Prove that a commutative ring with unity is a field if it has no proper
ideal. 4
UNIT—III

5. (a) Let a and b be any two elements of a Euclidean ring R, not both of
which are zero. Prove that a and b have a greatest common divisor d
which can be expressed in the form
d = la + mb for some l, m Î R 6

(b) Let D be an integral domain with unity element 1. Show that two
non-zero elements a, b Î D are associates, if and only if a / b and b / a . 4

6. (a) Let R be a Euclidean domain and a be a non-zero non-unit element in

R. If a = p 1 p 2 L p 3 = q 1q 2 L q n , where p ¢s and q ¢s are prime elements
of R, then show that m = n and each p is an associate of some q and
each q is an associate of some p. 6
(b) Define a unique factorization domain. Show that the greatest common
divisor of two elements of a unique factorization domain is unique up
to associates. 4

UNIT—IV

7. (a) Prove that every linearly independent subset of a finitely generated

vector space V (F ) is either a basis of V or can be extended to form a
basis of V . 6
(b) Prove that the union of two subspaces is a subspace if and only if one
is contained in the other. 4

MATH/VI/CC/09/645 5 [ Contd.
 8. (a) If U and W are two subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space V (F ),
then prove that dim(U + W ) = dimU + dim W - dim(U Ç W ). 7
(b) If V (F ) is a finitely generated vector space of dimension n, then show
that any set of n linearly independent vectors in V forms a basis of V . 3

UNIT—V
9. (a) Let U be a finite dimensional vector space over the field F and let
B = { a 1, a 2, L a n } be an ordered basis for U . Let V be a vector space
over the same field F and let b1, b2, L, bn be any n vectors in V. Then
prove that there exists a unique linear transformation T from U into V
such that T (a i ) = bi , i = 1 to n. 6

(b) Let T : R 3 ® R 3 be a linear transformation defined by

T (x, y, z) = (x + 2y - z, y + z, x + y - 2z)
Find the range space, null space, rank of T and nullity of T . 4

10. (a) Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field F and let T be a linear
transformation from V into W . If V is finite dimensional, then prove
that rank T + nullity T = dim V . 5

(b) Let U be a finite dimensional vector space of dimension n over the field
F and V be a finite dimensional vector space of dimension m over the
same field F . Then prove that the vector space L (U , V ) of all linear
transformations from U into V is also finite dimensional and is of
dimension mn. 5

HHH

MATH/VI/CC/09/645 6 G9—160