ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 REVIEWER November 28, 1967 - First Amendment to the National

Plumbing Code was approved

Asbestos Cement Pipe - approved plumbing material

PLUMBING HISTORY
ABS - Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene.

17th century - birth of the plumbing profession in the

Philippines. BASIC PRINCIPLES

20th century - Plumbing took a great leap in this

cemtury
1. Plumbing system shall be maintained in a
Walled City – known as Intramuros and established by sanitary and serviceable condition.
the Spaniards. 2. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth
non-absorbent material.
Ilustrados - elite group to act as consultants of
plumber journeymen. 3. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage
system shall be equipped with a water-seal
Master Plumber John F. Hass - became the first trap.
Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and 4. The plumbing system shall be subject to such
Inspection. tests as will effectively disclose all leaks and
defects in the work.
Jaime M. Cabase – NAMPAP President, spearheaded
5. No water closets nor urinal shall be located in
the updating of the Revised National Plumbing Code
a room or compartment which is not properly
Organized the NAMPAP – lighted and ventilated.

 Francisco Geronimo,
 Mariano de Ocampo,
 Igmidio Suarez Basic Principles in Sanitary and Plumbing Design
 Eusebio Mina Jose Rivera
 Raymundo Reyes Sr.
 Roberto Feliciano Plumbing - the art and technique of installing pipes,
 Gregorio Lazaro fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply
 Raymundo Gumapac water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste
 John Jones water.
 Trinitario Ortiz
 Valentin Casupanan Plumber - a person who is skilled in the field of
 Catalino Casupanan sanitation.
 Crispin Francisco
Plumbarius - individual who worked in the sanitary
 Teodoro Pastor
field of ancient Rome.
 Cornelio Odvina
 Jesus Tanghal Dera Plumbum - meant lead.

NAMPAP - National Master Plumbers Association of Plumbing System - includes all potable water supply
the Philippines and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps.
NAWASA - National Waterworks and Sewerage Objective of Plumbing
Authority
City Ordinance 2411 - Plumbing Code for the City of 1. To supply water to different parts of the building.
Manila
2. To remove and discharge human wastes out of
R.A. 1378 (June 18, 1955) - Plumbing Law Of The building.
Philippines, signed by Ramon Magsaysay
Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in
R.A. 6541 - Building Code of the Philippines Building

R.A. 1378 (December 21, 1999) - Plumbing Law An 1. To provide sufficient amount of water supply
Act To Regulate the Trade Of Master Plumbing 2. To prevent back flow of used water
approved by Joseph Estrada

January 28, 1959 - National Plumbing Code of the

Philippines prepared by the NAMPAP was Drainage System - the piping within a public or private
promulgated and approved by Malacanang premise which conveys sewage, rainwater
DRAINAGE SYSTEM SHOULD ACCOMPLISHED FITTINGS - connectors used in plumbing systems to
THE FOLLOWING join pipes.

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum FIXTURES - exchangeable devices that are
probability of leakage. permanently connected to the water supply and
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious drainage systems.
gases into the house. PIPE - a round, hollow channel used to transport
liquids

SOURCES OF WASTEWATER

-Domestic Sewage - all wastewater generated by TWO CATEGORIES OF WASTE PIPE:

home dwellings, public restrooms, hotels, restaurants,
motels, resorts, schools, etc.
1. PRESSURE PIPE - delivers supply water.
-Non-Domestic Sewage - water from floods, water
from swimming pools, water from car garages and
cleaning centers. 2. DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT (DWV) PIPE -
carries waste and soil water away.
DEGREES OF WASTE WATER

1. Storm Water
Copper Tubing - traditionally the most popular water
2. Grey Water
supply pipe.
3. Black Water
Red Brass Piping - consisting of approximately 85%
TWO TYPES OF DOMESTIC WASTE copper and 15% zinc, is used as water supply piping.

1. Solid Waste
2. Domestic Waste
Galvanized Steel Pipe - covered with a protective
DWV – Drain – Waste – Vent coating of zinc that greatly reduces its tendency to
corrode.
ELEMENTS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM Thermoplastic Pipe - sometimes referred to simply as
plastic pipe, is used for water supply system.
1. Soil Pipe
2. Stack Pipe Polyvinyl Pipe - is a rigid thermoplastic pipe generally
3. Soil Stack Pipe approved for use in pressure applications.
4. Stack Vent
5. Vent Pipe Composite Pipe – is a flexible pipe material that is
6. Unit Vent constructed of an aluminum tube.
7. Wet Vent
8. Branch
9. Main FITTINGS
10. Branch Vent
Elbows – usually at 45° and 90°, are angular
fittings used to change the direction of a supply pipe.
COMPONENTS OF PLUMBING Tees – are used in a supply system when a line must
branch off at a straight run. Sanitary T and sanitary
Y are tee-like fittings.
1. Water Distribution System
2. Fire Protection System Couplings - A union joins straight runs of pipe but
3. Plumbing Fixtures also allows the pipes to be more easily
4. Sanitary Drainage System disconnected.
5. Storm Drainage System
Reducer – is a straight fitting used to decrease
the diameter in a pipe in a water supply system.

Adapters – are used in a supply system where

threaded pipe is being connected to copper or
PLUMBING MATERIALS, FITTINGS AND FIXTURES thermoplastic.

PIPING MATERIALS - are essential for constructing Glove Valve – is a manual, compression- type valve,
systems that transport fluids and gases. commonly used where there is occasional or periodic
use.
Angle Valve – is a manual valve similar in operation to
the globe valve, utilizing the same principle of Rigid-Pipe Distribution Method - the hot and cold
compressing a washer against a metal seat to cut the water distribution pipes
flow of water Manifold Distribution Pipe - all fixtures are supplied
with smaller diameter pipe.
Check Valve - opens to allow the flow of water in the
direction desired and prevents flow in the other
direction. Swing and Spring UPFEED & DOWNFEED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Ball Valve – is a manual valve that has a ball with a Upfeed systems - water from the utility main is
hole through it that is mounted between two seats. pumped up to the fixtures within the building.
Downfeed systems - water is pumped up from the
Metered Valve – are designed to automatically utility main to storage tanks.
discharge for a specific length of time.
WATER PRESSURE CONSIDERATION
Temperature Pressure Relief Valve

- is a safety valve designed to limit the pressure of a Water pressure - is the driving force behind fluid flow.
Residual water pressure - is the pressure available at
liquid vapor or gas.
the outlet, just before a fixture.

WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONCERNS

FIXTURES
Water velocity - noise, erosion of inner pipe walls and
Water Closet – serves as an indoor receptacle and valves.
removal system for human waste. Cavitation - is a physical phenomenon that occurs in a
liquid.
Urinals – are plumbing fixtures that are commonly
Cross-connection - unsatisfactory connection that
used in public restrooms
can contaminate water
Waterless Urinals - is a urinal that is specifically Backflow - occurs when contaminated unintentionally
engineered to eliminate potable water consumption for flows backwards
urinal flushing. Vacuum Breaker - a device installed in a plumbing
system prevents backflow
Bidets - used for genital and perineal cleanliness. Water hammer
Aging - as pipes in a plumbing system are used, their
Shower Heads – is an overhead nozzle that sprays
inner walls become increasingly rough.
water down on the bather
Pipe insulation - is applied to the outer walls of piping
Bathtubs - are plumbing fixtures used for bathing. to reduce heat
Leaks
Lavoratory - is a bathroom basin or sink used for
personal hygiene. WATER SUPPLY PIPE DESIGN METHODS
 Flow
Kitchen Sinks – are most commonly made of
 Residual water pressure
enameled cast iron or stainless steel. Usually available
 Water consumption
in a single or a double-bowl arrangement.
 Water Demand
 Fixture Unit
DOMESTIC WATER HEATING
BUILDING WATER SYSTEM AND DESIGN

Main Parts of a Water Supply System Domestic Water Heating - the process of warming
water for personal
Building Supply - carries potable water from the
Water Heating - a system that heats water for
district or city water system.
domestic or building service.
Building main –serves as the principal artery. It
carries water through the building to the furthest riser. TYPES OF WATER HEATING
Fixture branch –from the riser or main to the fixture
being connected. 1.STORAGE TANK WATER HEATER - most common
Fixture connection – runs from the fixture branch to type of water heater for homes.
the fixture, the terminal point of use in a plumbing
system. Types of Storage Tank Water Heater
Water meter – measure and record the amount of
water used. RESIDENTIAL STORAGE TANK WATER
Riser –extends vertically in the building at least one HEATERS COMMERCIAL STORAGE TANK
story and carries water to fixture branches. WATER HEATERS ULTRAEFFICIENT WATER
HEATERS
DISTRIBUTION CONFIGURATION METHODS
 METHOD OF VENTING  SOIL PIPE OR SOIL STACK
 WASTE PIPE
 Nonventing  PRIVY
 Naturally Aspirated Water Heaters  SEPTIC TANK AND SEEPAGE PIT
 Power-Vented Water Heaters
 Sealed-Combustion Water Heaters Branch - It is any part of the piping system other than
the main, riser or stack.

Stack - used for any vertical line of soil

2. INSTANTANEOUS (TANKLESS) WATER HEATER
- have a heating device that is activated by the flow of Building/ House Drain - complex network of
water when a hot water valve is opened. interconnected components transporting waste and
water
3. CIRCULATING WATER HEATER - heat exchanger
may be a separate unit that is heated by steam or hot FOUR TYPES OF HOUSE DRAIN
water from a boiler

TYPES OF CIRCULATING WATER HEATERS  Combined Drain – receives discharges of

sanitary waste as well as storm water. Oldest
 Standard form of house drain
 On-Demand  Sanitary Drain –house drain that receives the
 Time and Pressure discharges of sanitary and domestic waste
only.
 Industrial Drain –receives discharges from
TYPES OF WATER HEATERS THAT USE
industrial equip that contain some
SPACE HEATING BOILER objectionable acid waste.
1. Tankless Coil Water - water is heated  Storm Drain – conveys all storm clear water,
directly inside the boiler or surface water waste except sanitary waste
2. Indirect Water - circulates water through a
heat exchanger in the boiler. Building Sewers - Iextension of the building drain that
carries wastewater from the building drain to a
OTHER TYPES OF WATER HEATING community sanitary sewer.

1. Heat Pump Water Heater - extract energy Soil Pipe Or Soil Stack - conveys the discharge of
from outdoor air and use it to produce hot water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter
water
Waste Pipe - pipe that conveys only liquid waste free
2. Solar Water Heater - typically includes
of fecal matter.
collectors mounted on the roof or in a clear
area of the yard separate storage
Privy - oldest form of disposal of organic waste.
3. Desuperheater - an attachment to an air Consists of a watertight vault constructed of concrete
conditioner or heat pump
Septic Tank And Seepage Pit - the cycle is
Energy Factor (EF) - is a standardized measure used
completed below ground and within the property.
to express the efficiency
Liquid waste are purified due to the action of anaerobic
HOT WATER CIRCULATING SYSTEM bacteria

1. Continuous Recirculating - water is constantly SPECIAL DEVICE SANITARY DRAINAGE

recirculated from the water heater through the piping. SYSTEM
2. Timed Recirculating - use of an electronic or
electromechanical timer Interceptors - a device designed and installed so as to
3. Thermostatically Controlled Recirculating -relies separate and retain
on a sensor located at a remote location in the
Sump And Ejectors - tank or a pit which receives
recirculating line
sewage or liquid waste, located below the normal
grade of the gravity
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Roof Drain - is a receptacle design to collect surface
Sanitrary Drainage System - a system of piping or rain water
within public or private premises \
Backwater Valve/Check Valve – it closes to prevent
ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE SANITARY DRAINAGE reverse flow from a sewer
SYSTEM
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF THE SANITARY
 BRANCH SYSTEM
 STACKS
 BUILDING/HOUSE DRAIN
 BUILDING SEWER
Fresh-Air Inlet - it is intended to admit fresh air to the  Checking for leakage and repair
drainage system
Soil And Waste Stack DUTIES OF MAINTENANCE IN CHARGE
Fixture Branches - connect the fixtures with the
stacks. Vents - are the extension of soil and waste
stacks through the roof and a system of pipes  Periodical inspection of sewers
Traps - catches water after each discharge from a  Measurement of flow rate
fixture  Cleaning of sewers
 To carryout flushing of sewers to prevent
TYPES OF TRAPS clogging
 Repairing of pipelines and sewer
P-Trap - exit into the wall behind the sink. This trap appurtenances
also has a water seal  To take suitable measures to prevent sewer
Q-Trap - this trap is used in the toilet under water explosion
closet  To supervise the work of repair and
maintenance
S - Trap - usually used with siphonage  To prepare estimates for maintenance and
repair (M &R).
Floor Trap Or Nahni Trap - collect wastewater from
bathroom, wash area, washbasin.

Bell Trap – a trap that helps keep unwanted odors

from escaping the drain.

Intercepting Trap - prevent the foul gases from public

sewers
Bottle Trap - provided to receive waste from
washbasin, kitchen sinks, and other appliances
U Bend Trap – designed to trap liquid or gas to
prevent unwanted flow
Through Trap – is a compact trap allowing for neat
plumbing behind basin pedentals.

Drum Trap – a drum trap holds so much water that

any solids entering the trap wont be pulled directly

Sanitary Sewer Main - a pipe through which the

waste water flows as it is conveyed from a building to
the wastewater treatment plan.

TYPES OF VENTING
METHODS ARE AS FOLOWS

 Common Vents
 Wet Vents
 Circuit Vents
 Combination Drdain And Vent

Sanitary Engineering - A branch of civil engineering

concerned primarily with t maintenance of
environmental conditions. Also known as public health
engineering or wastewater engineering, is the
application of engineering methods to improve
sanitation of human communities

MAINTENANCE AND
REPAIRS OF SEWAGE SYSTEM

 Repair of manholes
 Repair of other sewer appurtences
 Construction of new manholes
 Replacing stolen manholes
 Repair of broken sewer lines
 Cleaning of sewer
 Prevention of clogging