Multiple Choice Questions on Operating System Concepts

Set 1
1. What is the primary function of an operating system?
a) Manage hardware and software resources
b) Perform calculations
c) Compile programs
d) Provide internet access
Answer: a) Manage hardware and software resources
2. Which of the following is an example of a free and open-source operating
system?
a) Windows 10
b) macOS
c) Linux
d) iOS
Answer: c) Linux
3. Which of the following is not a type of operating system?
a) Batch OS
b) Time-Sharing OS
c) Mobile OS
d) BIOS OS
Answer: d) BIOS OS
4. What is the purpose of system calls in an operating system?
a) Execute applications
b) Interface between user and hardware
c) Allow user programs to request services from the OS
d) All of the above
Answer: c) Allow user programs to request services from the OS
5. Which of the following is a process scheduling algorithm?
a) Round-Robin
b) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
c) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
6. What is the main advantage of multiprogramming?
a) Faster execution of a single program
b) Efficient utilization of CPU
c) Increased security
d) Reduced memory usage
Answer: b) Efficient utilization of CPU
7. Which of the following is not a component of the process control block (PCB)?
a) Process ID
b) Program counter
c) Cache memory size
d) Process state
Answer: c) Cache memory size
8. What is the kernel of an operating system?
a) The user interface
 b) The core of the operating system that interacts with hardware
c) A system application
d) A high-level programming language
Answer: b) The core of the operating system that interacts with hardware
9. Which memory management technique removes inactive programs from RAM?
a) Paging
b) Swapping
c) Segmentation
d) Fragmentation
Answer: b) Swapping
10. Which of the following is an example of a distributed operating system?
a) Windows
b) Unix
c) LOCUS
d) macOS
Answer: c) LOCUS

Medium Level (10 Questions)

11. Which of the following is a type of CPU scheduling?

a) Non-preemptive scheduling
b) Preemptive scheduling
c) Both a & b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a & b
12. Which of the following page replacement algorithms may suffer from Belady’s
anomaly?
a) FIFO
b) LRU
c) Optimal
d) LFU
Answer: a) FIFO
13. A semaphore is used for:
a) Process execution
b) Process synchronization
c) Memory management
d) File handling
Answer: b) Process synchronization
14. Which condition must hold for deadlock to occur?
a) Mutual Exclusion
b) Hold and Wait
c) No Preemption
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
15. What is the major advantage of the Banker's algorithm?
a) Detects deadlock
b) Avoids deadlock
c) Prevents deadlock
 d) Resolves deadlock
Answer: b) Avoids deadlock
16. What is the primary function of a device driver?
a) Manage system files
b) Control connected hardware devices
c) Execute user applications
d) Compile programs
Answer: b) Control connected hardware devices
17. Which of the following algorithms is used for disk scheduling?
a) FIFO
b) SSTF
c) SCAN
d) Both b & c
Answer: d) Both b & c
18. The concept of "Thrashing" in memory management refers to:
a) Excessive CPU utilization
b) Excessive page swapping
c) Memory fragmentation
d) Slow disk access
Answer: b) Excessive page swapping
19. Which of the following is a type of file system?
a) FAT32
b) NTFS
c) EXT4
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
20. Which process scheduling algorithm is best suited for a time-sharing system?
a) FCFS
b) Shortest Job Next
c) Round-Robin
d) Priority Scheduling
Answer: c) Round-Robin

Hard Level (10 Questions)

21. Which of the following mechanisms can be used to handle deadlocks?

a) Prevention
b) Avoidance
c) Detection and Recovery
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
22. Which scheduling algorithm uses priority numbers to determine execution
order?
a) FCFS
b) Shortest Job First
c) Priority Scheduling
d) Round-Robin
Answer: c) Priority Scheduling
23. In the Banker’s Algorithm, what does the "Need" matrix represent?
a) Total available resources
b) Maximum additional resources a process may request
c) Currently allocated resources
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Maximum additional resources a process may request
24. Which of the following is a drawback of multithreading?
a) Increased memory usage
b) Increased responsiveness
c) Better CPU utilization
d) Reduced system efficiency
Answer: a) Increased memory usage
25. The fork() system call in Unix is used to:
a) Terminate a process
b) Create a new process
c) Execute a new program
d) Wait for child processes
Answer: b) Create a new process
26. Which page replacement algorithm gives the least number of page faults?
a) FIFO
b) LRU
c) Optimal
d) LFU
Answer: c) Optimal
27. What is the role of the dispatcher in CPU scheduling?
a) Handles process termination
b) Handles context switching
c) Allocates memory
d) Monitors CPU utilization
Answer: b) Handles context switching
28. A system is in a safe state when:
a) There is no deadlock
b) It can allocate resources to all processes without leading to deadlock
c) It has an infinite number of resources
d) The CPU is idle
Answer: b) It can allocate resources to all processes without leading to deadlock
29. Which of the following is used to handle critical section problems?
a) Semaphores
b) Mutex locks
c) Monitors
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
30. In a multiprocessor system, what type of scheduling is used?
a) Priority Scheduling
b) Load Balancing
c) FCFS
d) Round-Robin
Answer: b) Load Balancing
 Set 2
Easy Level (10 Questions)

1. Which of the following is a single-user operating system?

a) Windows 10
b) Unix
c) MS-DOS
d) Linux
Answer: c) MS-DOS
2. Which component of an operating system interacts directly with hardware?
a) Shell
b) Kernel
c) API
d) Device Drivers
Answer: b) Kernel
3. Which of the following is an example of system software?
a) MS Word
b) Windows OS
c) Photoshop
d) Google Chrome
Answer: b) Windows OS
4. What does the "booting process" refer to?
a) Restarting the computer
b) Installing a new OS
c) Loading the OS into memory
d) Shutting down the computer
Answer: c) Loading the OS into memory
5. Which of the following is an open-source operating system?
a) Windows
b) macOS
c) Unix
d) Linux
Answer: d) Linux
6. Which of the following manages memory in an operating system?
a) File system
b) Memory manager
c) Scheduler
d) Linker
Answer: b) Memory manager
7. Which of the following is a valid file extension for a system executable file?
a) .txt
b) .exe
c) .pdf
d) .mp3
Answer: b) .exe
8. Which of the following is not a type of process scheduling?
a) Long-term scheduling
b) Medium-term scheduling
c) Short-term scheduling
 d) Network scheduling
Answer: d) Network scheduling
9. Which OS is commonly used for real-time applications?
a) Windows 10
b) Linux
c) RTOS
d) macOS
Answer: c) RTOS
10. Which of the following memory management techniques is used to prevent
fragmentation?
a) Paging
b) Swapping
c) Segmentation
d) File allocation
Answer: a) Paging

Medium Level (10 Questions)

11. Which of the following does not belong to process states?

a) Ready
b) Blocked
c) Running
d) Deleted
Answer: d) Deleted
12. In Unix, the command used to list files in a directory is:
a) ls
b) list
c) show
d) dir
Answer: a) ls
13. Which of the following is a valid Inter-process Communication (IPC)
mechanism?
a) Pipes
b) Shared memory
c) Message passing
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
14. What is the primary function of a shell in an operating system?
a) Manage system memory
b) Provide user interface
c) Control hardware devices
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Provide user interface
15. Which scheduling algorithm gives minimum average waiting time?
a) FCFS
b) SJF
c) Round-Robin
 d) Priority Scheduling
Answer: b) SJF
16. In memory management, the term “page fault” refers to:
a) A missing page in cache
b) A page not found in main memory
c) A corrupted memory block
d) A failed page transfer
Answer: b) A page not found in main memory
17. What is the primary function of a scheduler?
a) Manage disk space
b) Allocate CPU time to processes
c) Control network access
d) Manage system files
Answer: b) Allocate CPU time to processes
18. What is the purpose of virtual memory?
a) Increase CPU speed
b) Increase available memory using secondary storage
c) Store frequently used files
d) Improve disk performance
Answer: b) Increase available memory using secondary storage
19. Which of the following is used to allocate memory dynamically?
a) Linked List
b) Contiguous Memory Allocation
c) Paging
d) Disk Fragmentation
Answer: c) Paging
20. Which of the following is true for thrashing?
a) Increases CPU utilization
b) Reduces page fault rate
c) Occurs due to excessive page swapping
d) Improves memory access speed
Answer: c) Occurs due to excessive page swapping

Hard Level (10 Questions)

21. Which of the following is used for deadlock detection?

a) Resource Allocation Graph
b) Banker's Algorithm
c) Round Robin Scheduling
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Resource Allocation Graph
22. Which of the following is true for a real-time system?
a) Used for time-sharing applications
b) Has strict timing constraints
c) Always uses preemptive scheduling
d) Uses batch processing
Answer: b) Has strict timing constraints
23. Which of the following is a technique for implementing access control?
a) Authentication
b) Scheduling
c) Context Switching
d) File Compression
Answer: a) Authentication
24. Which of the following is not a valid RAID level?
a) RAID 0
b) RAID 1
c) RAID 4
d) RAID 8
Answer: d) RAID 8
25. Which command in Unix is used to terminate a process?
a) end
b) halt
c) kill
d) stop
Answer: c) kill
26. What is the major advantage of multiprogramming?
a) More efficient CPU utilization
b) Faster execution of single process
c) Reduced memory usage
d) Lower power consumption
Answer: a) More efficient CPU utilization
27. Which of the following causes external fragmentation?
a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Swapping
d) Disk Scheduling
Answer: b) Segmentation
28. Which of the following statements about multithreading is true?
a) Threads have separate memory space
b) Context switching between threads is slower than processes
c) Threads share the same address space
d) Threads cannot run in parallel
Answer: c) Threads share the same address space
29. Which of the following disk scheduling algorithms can result in starvation?
a) FCFS
b) SCAN
c) SSTF
d) C-SCAN
Answer: c) SSTF
30. Which of the following techniques can improve CPU utilization?
a) Increasing RAM size
b) Using multiprogramming
c) Reducing the number of interrupts
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Using multiprogramming
 Set 3
Easy Level (10 Questions)

1. Which of the following is an essential function of an operating system?

a) Text Editing
b) Memory Management
c) Video Streaming
d) File Compression
Answer: b) Memory Management
2. Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system?
a) Windows 11
b) Linux
c) RTOS
d) macOS
Answer: c) RTOS
3. Which of the following is a multi-user operating system?
a) MS-DOS
b) Windows XP
c) Unix
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Unix
4. Which part of the operating system interacts with the user?
a) Kernel
b) Shell
c) File System
d) Cache
Answer: b) Shell
5. Which of the following is the fastest storage device?
a) Hard Disk Drive
b) Solid-State Drive
c) Optical Disk
d) Magnetic Tape
Answer: b) Solid-State Drive
6. What does GUI stand for in an operating system?
a) Graphical User Interface
b) General User Interaction
c) Global User Integration
d) Graphical Uniform Interaction
Answer: a) Graphical User Interface
7. Which of the following is not a valid file system?
a) NTFS
b) FAT32
c) SQL
d) EXT4
Answer: c) SQL
8. What is the purpose of a device driver?
a) To store files
b) To manage processes
c) To allow communication between hardware and OS
 d) To schedule CPU usage
Answer: c) To allow communication between hardware and OS
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of batch operating systems?
a) Processes execute simultaneously
b) CPU utilization is high
c) Tasks are processed in groups without user interaction
d) They are real-time systems
Answer: c) Tasks are processed in groups without user interaction
10. Which process state represents a process waiting for an event to occur?
a) Ready
b) Running
c) Waiting
d) Terminated
Answer: c) Waiting

Medium Level (10 Questions)

11. What is the role of a page table in an operating system?

a) Manages CPU scheduling
b) Maps logical addresses to physical addresses
c) Controls I/O devices
d) Manages network access
Answer: b) Maps logical addresses to physical addresses
12. What does the "fork" system call do in Unix?
a) Terminates a process
b) Creates a new process
c) Executes a new program
d) Allocates memory
Answer: b) Creates a new process
13. Which scheduling algorithm can suffer from starvation?
a) Round-Robin
b) First-Come, First-Served
c) Shortest Job Next
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Shortest Job Next
14. Which of the following memory allocation techniques may cause external
fragmentation?
a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Virtual Memory
d) Swapping
Answer: b) Segmentation
15. Which of the following is a mechanism for interprocess communication?
a) Piping
b) Multithreading
c) Paging
d) Address Mapping
Answer: a) Piping
 16. What is the main purpose of RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)?
a) Increase security
b) Enhance storage performance and reliability
c) Prevent memory corruption
d) Improve CPU scheduling
Answer: b) Enhance storage performance and reliability
17. Which of the following scheduling algorithms is best for a time-sharing system?
a) First-Come, First-Served
b) Round-Robin
c) Priority Scheduling
d) Shortest Job First
Answer: b) Round-Robin
18. In demand paging, when does a page fault occur?
a) When a program is first loaded
b) When the requested page is not in memory
c) When the page table is full
d) When the system runs out of memory
Answer: b) When the requested page is not in memory
19. Which of the following is an advantage of multithreading?
a) Increased CPU overhead
b) Reduced parallelism
c) Faster execution due to concurrent tasks
d) More memory consumption
Answer: c) Faster execution due to concurrent tasks
20. What is the role of an interrupt handler?
a) To execute user processes
b) To handle CPU scheduling
c) To service device or software interrupts
d) To allocate memory
Answer: c) To service device or software interrupts

Hard Level (10 Questions)

21. Which of the following is a common cause of a deadlock?

a) Thrashing
b) Circular wait
c) Virtual Memory
d) Cache Miss
Answer: b) Circular wait
22. Which technique is used to prevent deadlocks?
a) Banker’s Algorithm
b) Least Recently Used Algorithm
c) Round-Robin Scheduling
d) Disk Fragmentation
Answer: a) Banker’s Algorithm
23. What is the purpose of swapping in memory management?
a) To move data between main memory and disk
b) To delete unused files
 c) To create a new process
d) To execute system calls
Answer: a) To move data between main memory and disk
24. What is thrashing in an operating system?
a) A technique to increase CPU performance
b) Excessive swapping of pages between memory and disk
c) A method to schedule processes
d) A method to prevent deadlock
Answer: b) Excessive swapping of pages between memory and disk
25. Which of the following page replacement algorithms minimizes page faults?
a) FIFO
b) LRU
c) Optimal
d) LFU
Answer: c) Optimal
26. Which of the following is not an attribute of an inode in Unix?
a) File name
b) File size
c) File permissions
d) Number of links
Answer: a) File name
27. Which of the following is a problem with priority scheduling?
a) Low throughput
b) Starvation of lower-priority processes
c) Increased page faults
d) High power consumption
Answer: b) Starvation of lower-priority processes
28. Which of the following is an advantage of segmented memory?
a) Prevents external fragmentation
b) Supports dynamic memory allocation
c) Eliminates need for virtual memory
d) Reduces process scheduling overhead
Answer: b) Supports dynamic memory allocation
29. What is the main difference between a thread and a process?
a) A thread shares memory, while a process has its own memory
b) Threads require more resources than processes
c) Processes execute faster than threads
d) Threads cannot run in parallel
Answer: a) A thread shares memory, while a process has its own memory
30. Which technique is used to recover from deadlock?
a) Process Termination
b) Paging
c) Round-Robin Scheduling
d) CPU Throttling
Answer: a) Process Termination
 Set 4
Easy Level (10 Questions)

1. Which of the following is an example of a network operating system?

a) Windows XP
b) Linux
c) Unix
d) Novell NetWare
Answer: d) Novell NetWare
2. Which memory unit is the fastest in a computer system?
a) RAM
b) Hard Disk
c) Cache Memory
d) SSD
Answer: c) Cache Memory
3. Which of the following types of operating systems does not use multitasking?
a) Real-time OS
b) Batch OS
c) Distributed OS
d) Time-sharing OS
Answer: b) Batch OS
4. Which of the following is not a type of system software?
a) Operating System
b) Compiler
c) Text Editor
d) Device Driver
Answer: c) Text Editor
5. Which of the following controls how memory is allocated to processes?
a) File System
b) Memory Management Unit
c) Scheduler
d) Linker
Answer: b) Memory Management Unit
6. Which of the following is a valid example of an interrupt?
a) Dividing by zero
b) User pressing a key on the keyboard
c) Printer running out of paper
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
7. Which of the following components of an OS is responsible for CPU scheduling?
a) File System
b) Kernel
c) Device Manager
d) Memory Manager
Answer: b) Kernel
8. What is the primary purpose of an operating system?
a) To make the system faster
b) To increase RAM size
c) To provide an environment for software to run
 d) To protect hardware from malware
Answer: c) To provide an environment for software to run
9. Which of the following OS is open-source?
a) Windows 10
b) macOS
c) Linux
d) iOS
Answer: c) Linux
10. Which of the following is a non-volatile memory?
a) RAM
b) Cache
c) ROM
d) Registers
Answer: c) ROM

Medium Level (10 Questions)

11. Which of the following CPU scheduling algorithms may lead to starvation?
a) Round Robin
b) Shortest Job Next
c) First Come First Serve
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Shortest Job Next
12. Which of the following is a function of an operating system?
a) Process Management
b) Memory Management
c) File System Management
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
13. What is the role of a dispatcher in CPU scheduling?
a) Assigns processes to the CPU
b) Swaps processes in and out of memory
c) Loads files from the disk
d) Manages the cache memory
Answer: a) Assigns processes to the CPU
14. What is the purpose of spooling in an OS?
a) To increase CPU performance
b) To handle I/O efficiently
c) To allocate memory dynamically
d) To manage network connections
Answer: b) To handle I/O efficiently
15. Which of the following is an advantage of virtual memory?
a) Increases CPU execution speed
b) Allows more processes to run than the available physical memory
c) Reduces power consumption
d) Improves cache performance
Answer: b) Allows more processes to run than the available physical memory
 16. Which of the following memory allocation methods causes internal
fragmentation?
a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Fixed Partitioning
d) Variable Partitioning
Answer: c) Fixed Partitioning
17. Which type of file allocation method minimizes fragmentation?
a) Contiguous Allocation
b) Linked Allocation
c) Indexed Allocation
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Indexed Allocation
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of a distributed system?
a) Single CPU for multiple users
b) Multiple computers working together
c) Only batch processing is allowed
d) Processes are executed sequentially
Answer: b) Multiple computers working together
19. Which of the following is not a component of a file system?
a) Superblock
b) File Control Block
c) Page Table
d) Directory Structure
Answer: c) Page Table
20. What is a critical section in process synchronization?
a) A code section that must be executed before another process starts
b) A section where multiple processes access shared resources
c) A process that cannot be interrupted
d) A process that runs on multiple CPUs
Answer: b) A section where multiple processes access shared resources

Hard Level (10 Questions)

21. Which page replacement algorithm produces the least number of page faults?
a) FIFO
b) LRU
c) Optimal
d) Clock
Answer: c) Optimal
22. Which of the following conditions is necessary for deadlock to occur?
a) No Preemption
b) Circular Wait
c) Hold and Wait
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
23. Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for a real-time operating system?
a) Shortest Job First
 b) Round Robin
c) Priority Scheduling
d) First Come First Serve
Answer: c) Priority Scheduling
24. Which of the following is an example of inter-process communication?
a) Message Passing
b) Virtual Memory
c) CPU Scheduling
d) Process Termination
Answer: a) Message Passing
25. Which of the following is not a deadlock handling method?
a) Prevention
b) Detection
c) Execution
d) Recovery
Answer: c) Execution
26. Which of the following storage systems provides the highest access speed?
a) SSD
b) RAM
c) Cache Memory
d) Hard Disk
Answer: c) Cache Memory
27. Which of the following techniques is used in process synchronization?
a) Semaphores
b) Paging
c) Swapping
d) Thrashing
Answer: a) Semaphores
28. Which mechanism is used for protection in operating systems?
a) Access Control Lists
b) Context Switching
c) Paging
d) Demand Paging
Answer: a) Access Control Lists
29. Which of the following disk scheduling algorithms is best for reducing seek time?
a) SSTF
b) FCFS
c) C-SCAN
d) FIFO
Answer: a) SSTF
30. Which method is used for recovering from deadlock?
a) Preempting Resources
b) Process Termination
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b
 Set 5
Easy Level (10 Questions)

1. What is an operating system?

a) Software that manages computer hardware
b) A programming language
c) A database management system
d) An application software
Answer: a) Software that manages computer hardware
2. Which of the following is an example of an open-source operating system?
a) Windows 10
b) macOS
c) Linux
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Linux
3. Which of the following is not a function of an operating system?
a) Memory Management
b) Process Scheduling
c) Compiling Code
d) File Management
Answer: c) Compiling Code
4. Which of the following is a real-time operating system?
a) Windows 10
b) iOS
c) RTOS
d) macOS
Answer: c) RTOS
5. Which of the following is an example of a system software?
a) Microsoft Word
b) Adobe Photoshop
c) Linux Kernel
d) Google Chrome
Answer: c) Linux Kernel
6. Which scheduling algorithm executes the process that arrives first?
a) Round-Robin
b) Shortest Job First
c) First-Come, First-Served
d) Priority Scheduling
Answer: c) First-Come, First-Served
7. Which of the following is the main function of a device driver?
a) To provide user interface
b) To execute programs
c) To manage hardware devices
d) To monitor system security
Answer: c) To manage hardware devices
8. Which type of OS allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously?
a) Real-time OS
b) Single-user OS
c) Multi-user OS
 d) None of the above
Answer: c) Multi-user OS
9. Which of the following best describes a process?
a) A program in execution
b) A system call
c) A function within an application
d) A part of the kernel
Answer: a) A program in execution
10. What is the full form of BIOS?
a) Basic Input Output System
b) Binary Input Output System
c) Basic Integrated Operating System
d) Basic Instruction Output System
Answer: a) Basic Input Output System

Medium Level (10 Questions)

11. What is the main purpose of paging in memory management?

a) To prevent memory fragmentation
b) To increase CPU speed
c) To allow multiple processes to run simultaneously
d) To create backups
Answer: a) To prevent memory fragmentation
12. Which of the following is a characteristic of time-sharing systems?
a) Only one user can execute a program at a time
b) Processes execute in a sequential manner
c) The CPU time is shared among multiple users
d) The OS does not allow multitasking
Answer: c) The CPU time is shared among multiple users
13. Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for interactive systems?
a) First-Come, First-Served
b) Shortest Job Next
c) Round-Robin
d) Priority Scheduling
Answer: c) Round-Robin
14. What is a system call?
a) A call made by a user program to request a service from the operating system
b) A function used in an application
c) A command to shut down the computer
d) A memory management technique
Answer: a) A call made by a user program to request a service from the operating
system
15. What is the purpose of the "thrashing" concept in operating systems?
a) It improves CPU performance
b) It prevents memory leaks
c) It reduces excessive page swapping
d) It increases system security
Answer: c) It reduces excessive page swapping
 16. Which of the following is a disk scheduling algorithm?
a) Round-Robin
b) Shortest Job First
c) SSTF
d) FIFO
Answer: c) SSTF
17. What is the role of the memory management unit (MMU)?
a) Manages CPU scheduling
b) Translates logical addresses to physical addresses
c) Controls hardware interrupts
d) Handles I/O operations
Answer: b) Translates logical addresses to physical addresses
18. What is the purpose of an interrupt in an operating system?
a) To stop a process execution
b) To notify the CPU of an event that requires immediate attention
c) To allocate memory to a process
d) To start the boot process
Answer: b) To notify the CPU of an event that requires immediate attention
19. Which data structure is used for process scheduling?
a) Queue
b) Stack
c) Tree
d) Linked List
Answer: a) Queue
20. Which method is used to handle deadlocks?
a) Prevention
b) Detection
c) Avoidance
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Hard Level (10 Questions)

21. What is the Banker’s algorithm used for?

a) Disk scheduling
b) Deadlock avoidance
c) CPU scheduling
d) File allocation
Answer: b) Deadlock avoidance
22. Which of the following is used to ensure mutual exclusion in concurrent
programming?
a) Deadlock
b) Semaphore
c) Paging
d) Thrashing
Answer: b) Semaphore
23. Which of the following is true about virtual memory?
a) It is slower than main memory
 b) It is implemented using secondary storage
c) It allows processes to execute beyond the limits of physical memory
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
24. Which type of fragmentation occurs when there is unused memory within an
allocated block?
a) External fragmentation
b) Internal fragmentation
c) Paging fragmentation
d) Segmentation fragmentation
Answer: b) Internal fragmentation
25. Which page replacement algorithm uses the concept of Belady’s anomaly?
a) Optimal
b) FIFO
c) LRU
d) LFU
Answer: b) FIFO
26. What is the main advantage of multithreading?
a) Increases system complexity
b) Reduces CPU utilization
c) Allows multiple tasks to execute concurrently
d) Decreases system performance
Answer: c) Allows multiple tasks to execute concurrently
27. What is the primary purpose of a file system?
a) Manage disk storage
b) Allocate CPU resources
c) Optimize network performance
d) Schedule processes
Answer: a) Manage disk storage
28. Which type of operating system runs on a server and provides services to
multiple users?
a) Embedded OS
b) Distributed OS
c) Mobile OS
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Distributed OS
29. Which of the following is a method to detect deadlocks?
a) Resource Allocation Graph
b) Page Table
c) Thread Pool
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Resource Allocation Graph
30. What is the role of context switching?
a) Switching between user and kernel mode
b) Switching CPU from one process to another
c) Switching RAM to disk storage
d) Allocating memory
Answer: b) Switching CPU from one process to another