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Class IX Unit 3 Maths for AI

The document discusses the relationship between mathematics and artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing that math is essential for AI to recognize patterns in data. It covers key mathematical concepts used in AI, including statistics, calculus, linear algebra, and probability, along with their applications in various fields such as disaster management, sports, disease prediction, and weather forecasting. Additionally, it explains the fundamentals of probability and its practical uses in everyday scenarios like weather forecasting and traffic estimation.

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subrotomajumdar001
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4 views

Class IX Unit 3 Maths for AI

The document discusses the relationship between mathematics and artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing that math is essential for AI to recognize patterns in data. It covers key mathematical concepts used in AI, including statistics, calculus, linear algebra, and probability, along with their applications in various fields such as disaster management, sports, disease prediction, and weather forecasting. Additionally, it explains the fundamentals of probability and its practical uses in everyday scenarios like weather forecasting and traffic estimation.

Uploaded by

subrotomajumdar001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3

Math for AI (Statistics & Probability)


3.1
Importance of Math for AI
How are Math and AI related?
Math is the study of patterns
1.To solve the puzzles, you identify an order/arrangement in
the list of numbers or the images.
2.This arrangement is called a pattern.
3.These patterns exist all around us.
4.We have patterns in numbers, images, and language.
AI is a way to recognize patterns
● AI can learn to recognize patterns, like human beings.
● AI can see patterns in different types of data - numbers, images, and
speech and text.
● These patterns help AI to solve puzzles – like identifying dogs and
muffins, or predicting hurricanes!
“Just like we can recognize patterns in numbers, words, pictures, etc., AI can also
recognize similar patterns.”
Hence,
▪ Math is the study of patterns

▪ AI is a way to recognize patterns in order to take decisions

▪ AI needs Math to study and recognize patterns in order to take decisions


Just like us, AI can also solve 4 type of problems using Math.
AI uses Math for:
▪ Statistics (Exploring data): Example – What is the middle
value of the data? Which is the most common value in the
data?
▪ Calculus (training and improving AI model): Example – which
line is more slanted? Which figure covers more area?
▪ Linear Algebra (finding out unknown or missing values):
Example – How many plants are there in total? How many
cars are there in a city?
▪ Probability (predicting different events): Example – what
will be the possible results of a coin toss? Will it rain
tomorrow?
3.2
Statistics
Definition of Statistics:” Statistics is used for
collecting, exploring, and analyzing the data. It
also helps
in drawing conclusions from data.”
▪ Data is collected from various sources.
▪ Data is explored and cleaned to be used.
▪ Analysis of data is done to understand it better.
▪ Conclusions and decisions can be made from
the data.
Applications of Statistics:
▪ Predict the performance of sports teams
▪ It can be used to find out specific things such as:
o the reading level of students
o the opinions of voters
o the average weight of a city’s resident
Some more applications of Statistics
Disaster Management
▪ Authorities use statistics to alert the citizens residing in places that
might be affected by a natural disaster in near future.
▪ The disaster management teams use statistics to know about the
population, and about the services and infrastructure present in the
affected area.
Sports
▪ The Tokyo 2020 Olympics were postponed due to the
developing global situation in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.
▪ Statistics revealed that COVID cases sharply increased in
Japan during the planned period of Olympics.
Disease prediction
▪ US government uses statistics to understand which disease is affecting the population the
most.
▪ This helps them in curing these diseases more effectively.
▪ Example - government can analyze the areas where COVID cases are increasing, or
where the vaccination drive needs to be improved.
Weather forecast
1.Computers use statistics to forecast weather.
2.They compare the weather conditions with the information
about past seasons and conditions.
Few more facts
• Kids watch around 1.5-3 hours of TV per day while being in childcare.
• 72% of teens often (or sometimes) check for messages or
notifications as soon as they wake up, while roughly four-in-ten
feel anxious when they do not have their cellphone with them.
• 77% of children don’t get enough physical exercise.
• Almost a quarter (23%) of children aged five to 16 believe that
playing a computer game with friends is a form of exercise.
• 69% of all children experience one or more sleep-related problems at
least a few nights a week.
• Only 54% of US children aged 3 to 5 years attend full-day preschool
programs.
3.3
Probability
Introduction to probability
Probability is a way to tell us how likely something is to happen. For
example – When a coin is tossed, there are two possible results or
outcomes:
heads (H) or tails (T)
The probability equation defines the likelihood of the happening of an event.
It is the ratio of favorable outcomes to the total favorable outcomes. The
probability formula can be expressed as,

Probability of an Event =
Number of Favorable Outcomes / Total Number of Possible Outcomes
We say that the probability of the coin landing H is ½ and the
probability of the coin landing T is ½ When we talk about
probability, we use a few terms that help us understand the
chances for something to happen.
Probability can be expressed in the following ways:
▪ Certain events: An event will happen without a doubt
▪ Likely events: The probability of one event is higher than the
probability of another event
▪ Unlikely events: One event is less likely to happen than another
event
▪ Impossible events: There's no chance of an event happening
▪ Equal Probability events: Chances of each event happening is
The probability of an event occurring is somewhere between impossible and
certain.
• If an event is certain or sure to happen, it will have a probability of 1.
For example, the probability that it will rain in the state of Florida at least once in
a specific year is 1.
• If an event will never happen or is impossible, it will have a probability of 0.
For example, the probability that you can pick a red ball from a bag containing
only blue balls is 0
Let’s try to understand the concept of Probability using a relatable example.
Consider a relatable scenario!
You want to go to your best friend's birthday party next Saturday. Your
parents decide to make a deal with you.
Scenario 1
Scenario 3
Probability – Applications
Sports
▪ Probability can be used in estimating batting average in Cricket.
▪ Batting average in Cricket represents how many runs a
batsman would score before getting out.
• For instance, if a batsman had scored 45 runs out of 100 from only boundaries
in the last match. Then, there is a chance that he will score 45% of his runs in
the next match from boundaries
Weather Forecasting
• One of the most common real-life examples of using probability
is weather forecasting.
•It is used by weather forecasters to assess how likely it is that
there will be rain, snow, clouds, etc., on a given day in a certain
area.
•Forecasters may say things like “there is a 70% chance of rain
today between 4 PM and 6 PM” to indicate a medium to high
likelihood of rain during certain hours.
Traffic Estimation
•Regular people often use probability when they decide to drive to
someplace.
•Based on the time of day, location in the city, weather conditions, etc.
people tend to make probability predictions about how bad traffic will be
during a certain time.
•For example, if you think there’s a 90% probability that traffic will be heavy
from 6 PM to 7:30 PM in your vicinity then you may decide to wait during
that time.

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