ISSN (Online) 2278-1021

IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Implementation of Smart Home Control by Using

Low Cost Arduino & Android Design
Zaid Abdulzahra Jabbar1, R.S. Kawitkar2
M.E. Student, Department of E&TC, SCOE, Pune, India 1
Professor, Department of E&TC, SCOE, Pune, India2

Abstract: This paper provides a low cost-effective and flexible home control and monitoring system with the aid of an
integrated micro-web server with IP connectivity for access to and control of equipment and devices remotely using
Android-based smartphone app. The proposed system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar
systems and offers a new communication protocol for monitoring and controlling the home environment with more
than just switching functionality. Smart home interfaces and device definitions to ensure interoperability between
ZigBee devices from various manufacturers of electrical equipment, meters and Smart Energy enables products to
allow manufactured. We introduced the proposed home energy control systems design intelligent services for users and
provides, we show their implementation, with smartphone.

Keywords: ZigBee, Smart Home, Home Automation, Android, Smartphone.

I. INTRODUCTION II. RELATED WORK

Intelligent management of the power system, facilitate the A. general smart home design
joint use the current and minimizes power loss during Smart Home is applied in order to provide comfort,
transmission and power consumption is highlighted by the energy efficiency and better security. Smart Home System
global community, academic institutions, and State is still rarely used in Indonesia because of the cost and the
administration. To gain full utility and customer protection difficulty of getting the device. The objective of this paper
dimensions, the idea of a smart grid enabling technologies is to offer a Small Smart Home System designed and
used in In recent years, attracting a great deal of attention created by utilizing WLAN network based on Arduino
in the energy industry and academia Such studies. microcontroller. The system is able to monitor and control
With continued growth in popularity and functionality of lights, room temperature, alarms and other household
mobile devices, demand advanced mobile applications appliances. Results from testing the system show proper
widespread human life continue to grow. The use of Web control and control monitoring functions can be performed
Services is an open and interoperable method for providing from a device connected to a network that supports
remote access service or applications can communicate HTML5. [1]
with each other. An attractive market for home. Smart home network excite new possibilities. We
Automation and network of busy families and individuals proposed a new smart home energy management system
will be physical Limitations. IBOARD is Ethernet Shield, based on ZigBee sensor networks to make home networks
and it was the smart Home micro web server. Arduino open more intelligent and automatic in figure1. The role of the
source electronics prototyping platform based on Flexible, SHEMS for managing energy usage is a crucial factor in
easy-to-use hardware and software. The Arduino IBOARD addressing the home’s growing energy concerns. The
Microcontroller Board of Based on the IBOARD with 54 Smart Energy initiative serves these needs by providing an
digital input / output pins. The Ethernet interface is adoptable and sustainable experience by linking new and
Arduino, Arduino via the SPI pins. Low-voltage switching useful digital technologies to the needs of consumers. By
relays were used to integrate Devices with Arduino is to empowering consumers with near real-time information of
show switching functionality. The LM35 temperature their energy usage through an array of products and
Sensor is used to control a smart home environment. services, the intent is to help consumers use energy more
efficiently and also to minimize their personal impact on
A supervisory control system Intranet, low cost and high the environment.
performance can react The ZigBee technology. An end
node, the node sends data to the coordinator, and the We implement the proposed system and develop related
coordinator Hub sends the data back to the terminal end of hardware and software. We suggest new SHEMS based on
the loop. Since all devices have their own IP Address based the proposed system. We expect that our work contributes
on IPv6, they can be directly connected to an external towards the development of ubiquitous home networks. As
network. So, all smart devices It can not only through the a part of future work, we will apply IEEE 802.15.4
handheld remote control device to the central and local standard technology in our home. [2]
home, but can also be controlled remote computer control Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and power line
through the introduction of home Internet Gateway communications (PLCs) are used in this work to
machine. implement a smart home control network.

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

This way, we would be able to access the controller either

locally or remotely through the Internet in Figure 3.[4]

Fig.1 Block diagram of the SHEMS

The goals are to reduce the impact of wireless interference
on a smart home control network and unnecessary energy
consumption of a smart home. An isolated WSN with one
coordinator, which is integrated into the PLC transceiver,
is established in each room. The coordinator is responsible
for transferring environmental parameters obtained by
WSNs to the management station via PLCs. The control
messages for home appliances are directly transferred
using PLCs rather than WSNs. According to experimental Fig. 3 Functional diagram of the system
results, the impact of wireless interference on the proposed C .Communication protocols between Home Automation
smart home control network is substantially mitigated on devices Equations
figure2.[3] The control centre of network is home gateway system,
which is, from inside, to coordinate all household
appliances, control their working condition and inquiry
their current status, and, from outside, connect with
Internet, receive remote users’ instructions and transfer
related information to business sites.
Internal Communication Every data transmit between
ZigBee networks can be communicated by each other, so
people in any room can control the other room’s devices.
The query flow-work of home appliance is shown as
follows: Appliance receives information from home
gateway by ZigBee module and detects the household
appliance’s status, and then corresponding status will be
transmitted to the home gateway by ZigBee module. If all
appliances work properly, home gateway stores
appliances’ status. If not, home gateway reports an error
message to supplier.
External Communication Home gateway interconnects
Internet and the home network. It sends all devices
Fig.2. Architecture of smart home control network based information in home network to the portal server via
on (a) WSN with relay nodes, (b) WSN plus PLC TCP/IP socket. And also it can control and monitor the
devices with date packet communication. Thus it enables
B. brain of the system users to control and monitor the home networks through
A central controller (our Arduino board) receives user Internet and even mobile phone since the portal server has
commands to execute. It has Internet connectivity through the mobile interface.
an Ethernet shield mounted on the Arduino. On the user
side, a mobile device provides interface with the system as The control flow-work of home appliance is shown as
a whole through a user-friendly application. The mobile follows: Home gateway receives external packets, then
device can be either wired to the central controller unpacks and gets the destination address. The next step is
(through USB cable for instance), or communicates with it to select routing (destination appliance) and then transmit
wirelessly. Within the scope of the home, wireless the data. Appliance receives the data and tests them. If the
connectivity can be achieved using an Ethernet shield on data are error, the appliance then returns an unsuccessful
the central controller. message to the home gateway.

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

If proper, appliance implements corresponding operation

and returns the operation information to home gateway.
[5]

D. Hardware Implementation and Home Automation

Devices
The Arduino Uno and Ethernet shield were used to
implement the micro Web-server for the Home gateway in
figure 4. Home gateway connects to the Internet a. The
Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller that uses
ATMEGA 328, an Atmel AVR processor which can be
programmed by the computer in C language via USB port.
Arduino Uno also has on-board 5 analog pins and 13
digital pins for input and output operations, supporting SPI
and I2C which can be used to interface with other devices.
The Ethernet module acts as a bridge to connect the Home
Gateway to the local proxy. A conventional light switch
was integrated with the Arduino using relays to
demonstrate the switching capability as illustrated in our
and an LM35 temperature sensor was used for temperature
monitoring while a non-invasive 30A current sensor was Fig.5. Network architecture of a smart home energy
utilized for power monitoring. Used to successfully management system
integrate the current sensor with the Arduino Uno. The
hardware architecture presented is flexible and allows F. System Architecture
other home appliances and devices to be seamlessly In the proposed design, a low cost smart home system for
integrated with minimal changes. [6] remotely controlling and monitoring the smart home
environment is presented. An overview of the proposed
system architecture is shown in Figure 6. The system
consists of an app developed using the Android platform
and an Arduino Ethernet based micro web-server. The
Arduino microcontroller is the main controller that hosts
the micro web-server and performs the necessary actions
that needs to be carried out. The sensors and
actuators/relays are directly interfaced to the main
controller. The smart home environment can be controlled
and monitored from a remote location using the smart
home app, which will communicate with the micro web-
server via the internet. Any internet connection via Wi-Fi
or 3G/4G network can be used on the user device. The
features that the proposed design offers are the control of
energy management systems such as lightings, power
plugs and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air
conditioning) systems; security and surveillance system
such as fire detection and intrusion detection with siren
Fig. 4Hardware architecture and implementation and emailnotifications; automatic smart home environment
control such as maintaining a certain room temperature;
E. Energy Management voice activation for switching functions and has user
Consumer-side energy management is a part of the smart authentication to access the smart home system.[8]
grid program.
The customer can control the power consumption G. The android platform app
according to the power line’s load, Smart-grid enabled There are several platforms for developing smart phone
smart homes with time-of-use metering and energy applications such as Windows Mobile, Symbian, iOS and
management devices and tools help consumers monitor, Android. In the proposed system, the Android platform
manage andcontrol energy usage, while helping them app is developed as most of the phones and handy devices
optimize performance and reduce energy losses from support Android OS. Java programming language using
major appliances, heating, cooling and lighting. With a the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) has been
smart home energy management system, consumers can used for the development and implementation of the smart
manage energy usage and costs throughout the day, home app. The SDK includes a complete set of
without compromising their lifestyles. The network development tools such as debugger, libraries, a handset
architecture of SHEM system is illustrated in Figure 5. emulator with documentation, sample code and tutorials.

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Fig.6. System Architecture of the proposed Ubiquitous

Smart Home
Eclipse (running on Windows 7 development platform),
which is the officially supported integrated development
environment (IDE) has been used on in conjunction with
the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plug-in to develop
the smart home app. The screenshots of the smart home
app developed is shown in Figure 6 while the processing
of the smart home app is shown in Figure 7.
The designed app for the smart home system provides the
following functionalities to the user: [8]
 Remote connection (via internet) to the smart home
Fig.7. Screenshots of the proposed smart home app

 IP and user authentication.

micro web-server; require server real

 Device control and monitoring.

 Scheduling tasks and setting automatic control of the

 Password change option.

smart home environment.

 Supports voice activation for switching functions.

H. Input /Output Block
Input/output block consists of two pieces of PIR (Passive
Infra-Red) motion sensor and an LM35 temperature sensor
as inputs and some lamps, sockets, relay and buzzer as
outputs.
PIR sensor is used to detect the presence of motion. The Fig.8. Connection Circuit of PIR Sensor
sensor readings are used to turn off the lights if there is no
activity and turn on the lights otherwise. In addition, this
sensor is also used for security systems to detect
suspicious movements. If it detects any suspicious
movement an alarm (buzzer) will sound. An LM35 is
functioning as temperature monitoring. This sensor also
serves as an input in order to execute some sockets. The
socket will in on condition when the temperature exceeds
a certain limit. This condition will activate a fan or Air
Condition (AC) while connected to the socket. Connection
circuit between microcontroller system with a PIR sensor
and an LM35 sensor is shown in Fig8 and Fig. 9.
Output part consists of the relays and buzzer. Buzzer
serves as a warning alarm when there is suspicious
movement. Relays connected with lamps and socket.
Relay circuit is shown in Fig. 10.[9] Fig.9. Connection Circuit of LM35 Sensor

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

connectivity to your projects. It’s great for anything from

home automation to robot control in figure 11.[10]
II.XBEE ZIGBEE
ZigBee is an open global standard built on the IEEE
802.15.4 MAC/PHY. ZigBee defines a network layer
above the 802.15.4 layers to support advanced mesh
routing capabilities. The ZigBee specification is developed
by a growing consortium of companies that make up the
ZigBee Alliance. The Alliance is made up of over 300
members, including semiconductor, module, stack, and
software developers in figure 12.[11]. XBee Series 2The
difference between Series 1 (S1) and Series 2 (S2) isthat
the latter enhances the power output of the antenna to
Fig.10. Relay Circuit 2mW. S2 also enhances the data protocol of the XBee
module.S2 is similar to S1 in enabling simple and easy
III. DESIGN OF SMART HOME CONTROL communication between microcontrollers and supporting
NETWORK point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication.
[12]
A. Central Controller
Central controller (Arduino) receiving commands used to
perform. You may connect to the Internet through an
Ethernet shield mounted on the Arduino. On the user side,
provides a portable interface to the system as a whole
through an easy-to-use application. Can either be wired
mobile device of the central control unit (through the USB
cable, for example), or in connection with this wirelessly.
Within the home, wireless connectivity can be achieved by
using the Ethernet shield on the central console. This way, Fig.12.XBee S2
you will be able to access the console, either locally or
remotely through the Internet. In this case, client/server III. MAIN DIAGRAM
architecture is the one to choose, because the central
console as a static entity that responds to requests from
clients (mobile devices) (and sends notifications, as well as
them eventually). Hence need for server (at the application
level, any piece of code that can respond to client requests)
is closely linked to the company. We'll use a simple Web
server application running on Arduino that communicates
via HTTP protocol with Web-based Android app. [4]
B. Block diagram
I. IBOARD
Iboard is a unique Arduino board which features a WIZnet
Ethernet port, an XBee socket, nRF24L01+ module
interface and an ATMega328. This board will add wireless
XBee / nRF24L01+ control as well as internet

Fig.13. System architecture of Android Smart Switch

Fig.11. Arduino I Board system

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

The entire system in this project was to make the website. This smart switch device, the lamp in a house
appropriate size component is a device smaller and can fit controlled manually with the infrared switches detection
into the existing switch housing designed. The prices also system or wirelessly with Android App. Writing the Code
become a factor in the component selection of the for the Android Client You might be wondering why you
components. should go through the trouble of building a native Android
Figure.13, Shows the system design architecture. This client when the web application we wrote can be accessed
system architecture has two main parts. The first part is the by the Android mobile web browser. Well, if all you
smart switch apparatus that is connected to the existing wanted to do was toggle light switches on and off, then I
wiring of the electrical appliances in the house, such as a would say you don’t need a native client.[16]
ceiling air condition and lamp in order to ge power supply. Building the Solution
This unit will receive supplies from the lives and neutral In order for X10-managed lights and appliances to be
of home supply that are connected to the power module. It remotely controlled, we are going to assemble a variety of
is 240 VAC to convert (AC) to (DC) with 5V rectifier type separate technologies and use them in a unified way. We
DC power supply Xbees adapter. [13] will do the following:
C. Procedure 1. Test the X10 computer interface and modules with the
1. The function of the relay module as normal Heyu application.
switch "ON" and "OFF" will turn a lamp. An infrared 2. Create a Ruby on Rails application that provides a web-
detection system consists of infrared sensor as an input, based front end to a subset of Heyu commands.
while the relay module as starting Arduino XBee adapter. 3. Create an Android mobile application that will
The XBee is a feature-rich RF module for use on a communicate with the Rails application, turning the light
wireless sensor network. The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol on and off via a native onscreen Android toggle switch
greatly reduces the work of the programming f ensuring control. [16]
data communications. The XBee has many other features
IV.IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART HOME
for use in a WSN beyond its networking ability. Now that
CONTROL NETWORK
you have a better understanding about the XBee’s features
and uses, we will look at means of interfacing the RF ZigBee networking module circuit and sensors ZigBee
modem to your microcontroller and showing examples of technology is a new type of wireless, short, low power
use.[14] network communication technology, which has so many
2. The access point consists of IBOARD that can technological advantages, such as low complexity, low
connect to the Internet and transmission of data to hosting power consumption, low cost, high efficiency and high
server or smartphone. The hosting server is received and reliability and its network coverage area is so much wide.
the data stored in database, as we described, if we want to Home metering data transmission along with energy
give our Arduino the ability to communicate over the management services shows the lowest communication
Ethernet cable, and more generally over an Ethernet bandwidth. Due to its low data requirement, simple low
network, we have to implement the required standards in power RF protocol can meet this specification from M-
the firmware. There is a library called Ethernet that can Bus to 802.15.4 based protocols. On the contrary, the
provide a great number of features. As usual, we have to number of applications that may be deployed for home
include this native library itself. You can choose to do that health care solutions is, in terms of bandwidth, very wide.
by navigating to Sketch | Import Library, which includes [17]
almost everything you need. However, since Arduino Figure14.shows total wireless and Internet communication
version 0018, because of the implementation of SPI and system architecture. Each Smart-Switch devices had their
because the Arduino Ethernet Shield communicates with own address. The address name is the number of smart
the Arduino board through SPI, we have to include switch device to follow as the address name of the smart
something more. Be careful about that.[15] switch unit 1 is smart switch node 1 and the address is the
3. The data in the database to transfer on the same number of this unit to follow until the last units are in used
web page hosting server to show the data that is the a house. The access point has been installed on the first
switching state. The web page on hosting server can read floor. The smart switch devices on the first floor can be
and update data in database. Writing the Code for the Web communicated to the access point with single-hop radio
Client For the Web-enabled light switch, we will create a frequency protocol (RF). The smart switch equipment to
simple Ruby on Rails project to manage the user interface the second floor cannot communicate directly to the access
interaction first via a web browser. We won’t spend a lot point because the signal x bee is loss due to obstructions,
of time on the user interface, though, since that will such as walls. The multi-hop RF protocol is used to
ultimately be the job of the custom Android application we transfer the data to smart switch equipment to the second
will create after the web interface is functionally floor of the hope that the data for other smart switch
tested.[16] devices to reach the access point to transmit. The Iboard is
4. The Android app was designed to show the connected to establish an Internet connection with a router
switch is the same as the web page on hosting server. It and to enable communication with the hosting server. Can
can also read update data on the database by touching the use the phone, Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G to access the Web page on
"ON" or "OFF" and appears on the button as on the hosting server using Android App.

Copyright to IJARCCE DOI 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5250 253

 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Software design for the development of an embedded atmosphere is easy to control. Where it represents the
system is to discuss this topic. The hardware must with active administration of energy management, flexible and
specific software; the embedded system works are scalable according to the needs and desire.
programmed. Figure .15 shows the flowchart for the smart
switch node sends Status Android App. The name Smart B. Design and implementation of a smart home system
Switch node is used, because it is also the name of the The purpose of the system is to use the integrated
address for smart switch device. Figure .16 shows the installation XBee mobile phone for automation without a
flowchart for Android app sends status on smart switch lot of equipment and less expensive as well as what the
node. Figure 17, 18 give us configuration of system control high response system XBee communication with wireless
of smart home, Temperature sensor android app, Lighting connection and less hostess between the transceiver and the
sensor android app. A user in the remote home IBOARD server and XBee Series 2 Hardware and
environment configure ones social network relations each software.
other, and the resulting device profiles are exchanged by
user consents. Further, Web based API interfaces helps to
control and sharing remote home devices in a convenient
ways. [18]

Fig.14.The name of Smart Switch Devices

V. RESULT AND SPECIFICATIONS

A. power management
Making better use of energy in the house by remote control Fig.15 Flow chart for smart switch node sends status to
by the technical system represented PDC regime android software
structuring sensor remote XBee Smart house consists of a
Design Arduino and Android, Arduino using Arduino C
server with the wireless system where the Iboard of server
language for programming system.
logs in with Internet via Ethernet to operate synchronize
each relay system or touch pad or via synchronization via Mobile phones, and the results are shown general
the website to your Android smart home application. It population is encouraging. The Smart Home is a good
gives more flexibility in controlling appliances and status model for any automation system based on Smart Phone
report of requirements for light and heat and the and XBee wireless systems.

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Fig .18 Lighting sensor android app

In our prototype, we use the Arduino I board to provide a

shield for a WLAN connection (Android tablet to the same
network that is connected wirelessly). We are programmed
Arduino and Xbees make this possible, consider the
following scenario:
1. The user sends commands to your Android tablet
Arduino board.
2. Arduino which in turn transmits instructions Network
Xbees formed router, hub coordinator and the final knot.
3. Send Xbees sensor readings equipment Arduino.
4. Arduino can design shows the algorithm is planning to
propose an appropriate function depending on resources
and availability.
5. Information on programming the sensor data collected
Xbees appear in Android application databases for different
users updated as necessary.

Fig. 16 Flow chart for android software send status VI.CONCLUSION

to smart switch node
In this paper we propose a new architecture for the
monitoring and control system that uses a flexible home-
based Android smartphone at a reasonable price and
implemented by XBee wireless transceiver and IBOARD
Arduinoas well as using android app for system control
configuration. The proposed architecture is used in a quiet
based web services in an interoperable application layer
for communication between the remote user and the home
device. All Android-based smartphone, the Wi-Fi
connection is the support built, the home access device to
control. If the Internet is not possible, it can be access by
used the 3G mobile system mobile. Future studies will use
the commands for controlling the voice applications by
implementing the home server.

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Fig.17 Temperature sensor android app [2] Dae-Man Han and Jae-Hyun Lim, Member, IEEE" Design and
Implementation of Smart Home Energy Management Systems

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 ISSN (Online) 2278-1021
IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

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BIOGRAPHIES

Zaid Abdulzahra Jabbar is research

M.E. Electronics degree in SCOE
college, Savitribai Phule Pune
University , received B.S. degree from
department of electrical engineering ,
university of technology – Iraq, interest
is in the research areas of Wireless
Sensor Networks, Data
Communication, Home networks,
Green Energy, Smart Home, IEEE 802.11/802.15.4 MAC
protocols, ZigBee networks and implementation of real
sensor platforms.
.

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