21. Marian was a beautiful ________ young lady.

A. corpulent B. gaunt C. slender D. bony

22. My application for a trading license was _________.
A. held down B. turned down C. put down D. let down
23. _________ as I'd love to, I won't be able to come.
A. Though B. Despite C. Even D. Much
24. Anna: "This computer program would be a great way to brush up on my Italian, _______?
Bill: "It can't help with your pronunciation."
A. wasn't it B. didn't it C. wouldn't this D. wouldn't it
25. I’ve yet _________ a person as Theo.
A. to meet as infuriating B. to have met such infuriating
C. been meeting as infuriating D. been meeting such infuriating
26. _____, the balcony chairs will be ruined in this weather.
A. Leaving uncovered B. Having left uncovered
C. Left uncovered D. Been left uncovered
27. I know you didn't want to upset me but I'd sooner you ________ me the whole truth yesterday.
A. could have told B. told C. have told D. had told
28. Your rental agreement ____________ states that no pets are allowed in the building.
A. credibly B. explicitly C. mildly D. decently
29. Children can be difficult to teach because of their short attention ________.
A. limit B. duration C. span D. time
30. You are too old to carry on working. It's time you called it a _____________.
A. year B. month C. week D. day
31. Helen was _________ disappointed when she learnt that she hadn't won the beauty contest.
A. seriously B. bitterly C. strongly D. heavily
32. Wasn't it you yourself _____________ the door open?
A. to leave B. to have left C. that should leave D. who left
33. If the driver _______ his seat belt, he might be alive today.
A. was wearing B. had been wearing C. wear D. wore
34. The speech attacked American policy in _______ was later considered to be part of a campaign
to undermine the government.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
35. Going to the unemployment office and having to wait there for hours is a ______ experience.
A. soul-destroying B. heart-stopping C. thought-provoking D. power-sharing
C. READING COMPREHENSION
Section 1.
United Parcel Service (UPS) believes that its employees should give the firm a fair day's work
for a fair day's pay. The package delivery firm seems willing to give more than a fair day's pay. But
in (36) _________, UPS expects maximum output from its employees. Since 1920s, the firm's
industrial engineers have been studying every detail of every task (37) _______ by most UPS
employees. From their studies have come time and motion standards that (38) ______ how those
tasks are performed and how long they should take. Drivers, for example, are expected to walk to a
customer's door at a speed of exactly three feet per second. They are told to knock as soon as they
get there, rather than waste time (39)________ a doorbell. Work engineers are (40) ______ riding
with drivers, timing everything from stops at traffic lights, wait at customers' doorway, stairway
climbs, to coffee break.And they are not (41) _______ to pointing out the occasional inefficiency.
Additionally,supervisors ride with the least good drivers, noting how they work and constantly (42)
___________ them until their work is up to standard. The (43) __________ of all this engineering
work is efficiency, and UPS has been called one of the most efficient companies anywhere.
It's also a highly profitable company. Most drivers take the regimentation in stride: many show (44)
______ in meeting the UPS standards each day. Others, however, feel that they are constantly being
pushed, and that it is impossible for them to (45) ________ at work. UPS officials claim that the
standards provide accountability. And, they say, employees who work according to UPS standards
should feel less tired at the end of the day.
36. A. fact B. exchange C. return D. short
37. A. hold B. performed C. accepted D. made
38. A. indicate B. govern C. demonstrate D. tell
39. A. looking at B. look at C. look for D. looking for
40. A. consistently B. continually C. constructively D. chronically
41. A. impolite B. brave C. intimate D. averse
42. A. scolding B. criticizing C. encouraging D. correcting
43. A. task B. reason C. object D. job
44. A. pride B. passion C. interest D. pleasure
45. A. rest B. relieve C. relax D. restrain
Section 2. Fill in the gap with ONE suitable word.
There have always (46) __________ famous sportsmen and women, but until quite recently nobody
made a lot of money from playing sports. It was a hobby, not a professional career. But it's quite
different today. Professional sports can now be extremely lucrative and top players earn salaries
that sports stars a few years ago could only (47) _________ about. Today sport is a ticket to fame
and fortune. The transformation of sport from a (48) ______ activity to an industry has occurred
(49) ______ of the increasing importance of television in our lives. Sport and television are the
perfect fit. Television provides enormous audiences and sport provides spectacular drama, (50)
_______ joy, despair, excitement and tension in equal measure. What's more,television offers
viewers all this drama in the comfort of their own homes. It's a winning combination. Of course,
advertisers have been quick to see the true potential of this partnership. Sponsorship is popular,
(51) ___________ football players who have the names of their sponsors on their kit to the
Formula. One (52) ________ whose cars are covered in the names of the companies which finance
them. There are teams, stadiums, and even competitions named (53) __________ the companies
which have invested money in them. And all these major sporting events are shown on television at
(54) ____ which will reach a maximum audience. Sports events have become very long TV (55)
___.
Section 3.
In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the average amount of
energy available for use per person. Primitive peoples in cold regions burned wood and animal
dung to heat their caves, cook food, and drive off animals by fire.The first step toward the
developing of more efficient fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable
oils and animal fats in lieu of gathered or cut wood. Charcoal gave off a more intensive heat than
wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal
smelting in the 4th century,but it did not come into extensive use until the Industrial Revolution.
In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy used in the United States
and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources,
such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind.These were predominantly
locally available supplies. By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the
United States and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of the
20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries.
Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter
represents a more concentrated source of energy. In 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal
as the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned
more cleanly than coal and polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid
fuels for vehicles; a very important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived
on the scene.
By 1984, nonrenewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over 82 percent
of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small amounts of energy were derived
from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and
renewable fuels, such as biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of countries shifted
from the use of energy from local sources to a centralized generation of hydropower and solar
energy converted to electricity. The energy derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels has been
increasingly produced in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most
automobile fuels. In countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of
nonrenewable fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.
Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two
examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has
proven to be labor consuming and costly. The resulting product is sulfur- and nitrogen-rich,
and large-scale extractions are presently prohibitive. Similarly, the extraction of
hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex.
Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone that carry
them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material.
However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as petroleum prices continue to rise and
limitations in fossil fuel availability make alternative deposits more attractive.
56. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Applications of various fuels B. Natural resources and fossil fuels
C. A history of energy use D. A historical overview of energy rates
57. The phrase per person in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. per capita B. per year C. per family D. per day
58. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _________________.
A. coal mining was essential for primitive peoples
B. the Greeks used coal in industrial production
C. the development of efficient fuels was a gradual process
D. the discovery of efficient fuels was mostly accidental
59. The phrase in lieu in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______________.
A. in spite B. in place C. in every way D. in charge
60. The author of the passage implies that in the 1700s, sources of energy were _____________.
A. used for commercial purposes B. used in various combinations
C. not derived from mineral deposits D. not always easy to locate
61. The phrase the latter in paragraph 2 refers to _____________.
A. wood B. coal C. most regions D. climate zones
62. According to the passage, what was the greatest advantage of oil as fuel?
A. It was a concentrated source of energy. B. It was lighter and cheaper than coal.
C. It replaced wood and coal and reduced pollution. D. It could be converted to automobile fuel.
63. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 20th century, energy was obtained
primarily from _______________.
A. fossil fuels B . nuclear fission C. burning biomass D. hydraulic and solar sources
64. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alternative fuel sources?
A. cheap B. labour-consumin C. prospective D. numerous
65. The word prohibitive in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. prohibited B. provided C. too expensive D. too expedient
D. WRITING
66. In the unlikely event of a fire, please do not use the lift.
→Should there ____________________________________.
67. It's impossible for them to have found him in that jungle.
→ He can't _______________________________________.
68. Customs officials are stopping more travellers than usual this week.
→ An increased ____________________________________________.
69. The policeman acted quickly and averted an accident.
→The prompt __________________________________.
70. What a surprise to see you here.
 Fancy _______________________________________.
71. Danny was asked to leave school for bad behavior. EXPELLED
 Danny ________________________________________________.
72. Would you give us your answer as soon as possible. CONVENIENCE
→ Please respond _____________________________________________.
73. I passed the exam, but only just! SCRAPE
→ I managed _________________________________________________.
74. He thinks his friends do not appreciate him. GRANTED
→He dislikes __________________________________________________.
75. A friend of ours fixed the car for us. FRIENDS
→ We had _____________________________________________________.
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Hà Nội 21-22
I,1. _______ the phone rang later that night did Anna remember the appointment.
A. No sooner B. Only C . Not until D. Just before
2. Sara and I _____ reserved the rooms in the same hotel. She was really surprised to see me there.
A. coincidentally B. practically C. intentionally D. deliberately
3. We are _______ upon a new project later this year.
A. establishing B. building C. embarking D. fostering
4. Sometimes, we don't appreciate the ___ pleasures in life such as a beautiful sky, a cup of coffee
with a friend or seeing a good film at the cinema.
A. sheer B. simple C. normal D. plain
5. People turned out in _______ to watch the parade on the Independence Day.
A. volume B. mass C. force D. bulk
6. Sailing is not _______ an art.
A. more science than B. so much a science as C. as scientific as D. worth science for
7. _______ you cut down your carbohydrate intake, you _______ weight by now.
A. Had / would have lost B. Were / would have lost C. If/ will lose D. Did / would
8. It's very important that we _______ as soon as there's any change in the patient's condition.
A. be notified B. being notified C. are notified D. were notified
9. There are ___ words in English having more than one meaning. Pay close attention to this fact.
A. a large many B. quite many C. a great many D. quite a lot
10. _______ motivate learning is well documented.
A. That is computers B. Computers that C. That computers D. It is those computers
11. The preparations _______ by the time the guests _______.
A. had been finished / arrived B. have finished / arrived
C. had finished / were arriving D. have been finished / were arrived
12. _______, playing music is an effective way for them to open their heart to the outside world.
A. Being visually impaired people B. Such were their visual impairments
C. Having been visually impaired D. For those with visual impairments
13. One day, _______, she announced that she was leaving.
A. in the red B. in the pink C. over the moon D. out of the blue
14. John was out of his _______ in the advanced class, so he moved to the intermediate class.
A. class B. depth C. league D. head
15. One of the most important things you have to remember when you join this game is that you
should _______.
A. go to your head B. keep your wits about you
C. keep your head in the clouds D. gather your wits
II 1. Unfortunately the game was cancelled because of a _________ pitch. (WATER)
2. People in coastal areas live mainly on the _________, which allows them to earn a great deal of
money from the sea products. (CULTURE)
3. Doctors these days tend to be more __________ about alternative medicine. (MIND)
4. Her __________ of computers is quite awe-inspiring. (KNOW)
5. For such a famous, wealthy man, his personal life was _______ simple and ordinary.
(SURPRISE)
6. She made a __________ return to the stage after several years working in television.
(TRIUMPH)
7. Antiseptics and ___________ are widely used in hospital to kill the bacteria. (INFECT)
8. Thanks to the _________ policy, more and more forests have been formed on locations that used
to be treeless. (FOREST)
III
A B
get hammer take skate Up after down over
drag clash forge pick away between on with ahead
1. After the flood, it took the farmers some time to ____________ the pieces.
2. Up to now, Hannah has been ____________ at her unfinished report.
3Even though she is unfamiliar with the scholastic programme,she is already ______ with her study
4. Did you ____________ everything the professor said this morning?
5. Anna ____________ her mother’s side of the family.
6. Many important issues have been ____________ in this report.
7. You can’t wear that orange tie – it ____________ your red shirt.
8. I thought the movie was going to end, but it ____________ for another hour.
IV
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak of a pandemic
back in March 2021, the virus has claimed more than 2.5 million lives globally with upwards of
113 million cases being (1) _______ by laboratory tests (March 2021).
The pandemic has impacted almost on every corner of life, causing global economies to stall,
changing the way we work and interact (2) _______ our loved ones, and stretching healthcare
systems to the limit. Governments around the world have been forced to implement harsh
restrictions on human activity to curb the spread of the virus.
COVID-19 vaccination is now offering a way to transition out of this phase of the pandemic.
Without them, many scientists believe that natural herd (3) _______ would not have been sufficient
to restore society to its normal (4) _______ quo and that it would have resulted in extreme fatality.
This is something that has been echoed by many health organizations including the WHO. In a
scenario without access to vaccines, strict behavioural measures may have had to remain for the
foreseeable future.
Fortunately, the beginning of 2021 saw numerous vaccines given emergency approval and
began their roll out in countries across the world. As of March 2021, just shy of 300 million
vaccine doses had been administered worldwide. The figures give (5) _______ of a return to
‘normal’. However, global COVID-19 vaccination faces several challenges which may impact its
success.
V
Words may be the most obvious part of any conversation, but they are only the tip of the
communication iceberg. Studies have shown that body language, or non-verbal communication,
has an enormous impact on our (1) _______ of others.
Is the person you are talking to leaning in or are they (2) _______ away from you? Is their head
tilted? Are their hands in their pockets? Do they keep breaking eye (3) _______? Even if you are
not aware of it, all of these things are likely to (4) _______ to your opinion of the person and of
what they are telling you.
The meaning of particular (5) _______ can vary greatly from one culture to another. Having (6)
_______ that, the importance of non-verbal communication seems to be universal. Indeed, all
around the globe, in cases where words and body language (7) _______, people seem to give just as
much credence to the non-verbal message that they are (8) _______ up on as they do to the
speaker’s words.
1. A. realisation B. perception C. insight D. outlook
2. A. edging B. verging C. dipping D. drooping
3. A. union B. contact C. hold D. connection
4. A. influence B. shape C. account D. contribute
5. A. deeds B. indications C. gestures D. directions
6. A. said B. seen C. given D. known
7. A. dispute B. conflict C. oppose D. dissent
8. A. reading B. taking C. picking D. letting
VI
Clouds occur in a wide variety of forms because they are shaped by many processes operating in
the atmosphere. The basic requirements for cloud formation are moist air and a lifting process.
When humid air is lifted by rising currents, the water vapor eventually reaches its dew point, the
temperature at which it condenses into a collection of water droplets. From the ground, we see
these tiny particles as a cloud. If the droplets continue to acquire moisture and grow large enough,
they fall from the cloud as rain or snow.
Clouds are classified according to their form, shape, and altitude, and by whether or not they
produce precipitation. Based on form and shape, the simplest distinction is between clouds that
have a heaped or a layered look. Based on altitude, the most common clouds are grouped into four
families: low clouds, middle clouds, high clouds and clouds exhibiting vertical development. Low,
middle, and high clouds are produced by gentle uplift of air over broad areas. In contrast, those
with vertical development generally cover smaller areas and are associated with much more
vigorous uplift.
Among the first scientists to identify the importance of clouds in meteorology was British
naturalist Luck Howard, who was also the first to devise a system for grouping clouds. Howard
classified clouds by their appearance – heaped or layered – and named the three principal
categories of clouds cumulus, stratus, and cirrus. He also described several intermediate and
compound modifications in order to accommodate the transitions occurring between the forms.
Developed in 1803, the essentials of Howard’s classification scheme are still in use today.
Contemporary weather forecasters continue to divide clouds into two main groups: heaped clouds,
resulting from rising unstable air currents; and layered clouds, resulting from stable air currents.
Most heaped clouds are cumulus: puffy white clouds capped with a cauliflower-like dome
created by convection, the transfer of heat by moving air. Cumulus clouds form at low or middle
altitudes, with bases ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 feet (303 to 3,033 meters) above the earth. Low-
level cumulus clouds are detached from one another and generally have well-defined bases. Their
outlines are sharp, and they often develop vertically in the form of rising puffs, mounds, domes, or
towers. The sunlit parts are brilliant white; the base is relatively dark and roughly horizontal.
Cumulus clouds are commonly known as fair-weather clouds because they usually do not produce
precipitation. However, a variation known as cumulonimbus can reach great heights and have
dense, glaciated tops that cause heavy rain, hail, or thunderstorms.
Stratus, or layered, clouds appear as large sheets, or strata, with minimal vertical and extended
horizontal dimensions. The air around them is stable, with little or no convection present. Stratus
clouds spread laterally to form layers that sometimes cover the entire sky, to the horizon and
beyond, like a formless blanket. Stratus clouds have a relatively low base. They can be a uniform
gray sheet, or a layer of patchy, shapeless, low gray clouds. The layer may be thin enough for the
sun to shine through, but stratus clouds may also carry drizzle or snow, in which case they are
called nimbostratus.
While cumulus and stratus clouds generally form at low or middle altitudes, cirrus clouds form at
high altitudes. [A] Cirrus clouds are detached clouds that take the form of delicate while filaments,
strands, or hooks. These clouds can be seen at close hand from the window of a jet plane flying
above 25,000 feet (7,600 meters). [B] When viewed from the ground, bands of threadlike cirrus
clouds often seem to emerge from a single point on the western horizon and spread across the entire
sky. Cirrus clouds are composed almost exclusively of ice crystals. [C] Their fibrous appearance
results from the wind “stretching” streamers of falling ice particles into feathery strands called
“mares’ tails.” [D] Snow crystals may fall from thicker, darker cirrus clouds, but they usually
evaporate in the drier air below the cloud.
Among the several compound cloud types described by Luke Howard are cirrocumulus and
cirrostratus clouds. Cirrocumulus clouds appear as small, well-defined white flakes or cotton
patches in close horizontal arrangement. Cirrostratus clouds are a thin, white layer resembling a
veil. Because of their ice content, cirrostratus clouds are associated with the halos appearing around
the sun or moon.
1. According to paragraph 1, what happens at the dew point?
A. Moist air drifts slowly downward. B. The ground is warmer than the air.
C. Freezing rain changes to snow. D. Water vapor becomes liquid particles.
2. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
A. To provide an overview of cloud classification
B. To compare different opinions of cloud classification
C. To justify the study of cloud classification D. To describe the origin of cloud classification
3. The word “vigorous” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. visible B. forceful C. predictable D. gradual
4. The author discusses Luke Howard in paragraph 3 in order to _______.
A. name the first scientist who could predict the weather
B. give an example of an idea that was not readily accepted
C. identify the creator of a system for classifying clouds
D. trace the development of the science of meteorology
5.According to paragraph 3, Luke Howard’s system of cloud classification acknowledged that __
A. combinations of different cloud forms could occur
B. naming every type of cloud would be impossible
C. a cloud’s altitude was less important than its appearance
D. later scientists would probably develop a better system
6. Cumulus clouds are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A. horizontal base B. dome-like top C. stable air D. low altitude
7. The word “laterally” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. slowly B. upward C. dangerously D. sideways
8. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that stratus clouds _______.
A. are sometimes difficult to identify B. are unlikely to produce precipitation
C. form layers high above other types of clouds D. differ in appearance from cumulus clouds
9. According to the passage, in what way are stratus and cirrostratus clouds similar?
A. Both are composed mainly of ice crystals. B. Both have a layered appearance.
C. Both are associated with thunderstorms. D. Both form at extremely high altitudes.
10. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the last
paragraph the sentence “These strands often warn of the approach of a warm front signaling the
advance of a storm system.” could be inserted?
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
VII
A There is a long tradition of amateurs in the field of archaeology who are often as fanatical as the
professional: breaking into the tombs of the pharaohs, letting light into a darkness over 4,000 years
old; trekking through jungle and swamp for weeks on end to follow up rumours of cities lost and
reclaimed by nature; deciphering the hieroglyphic intricacies of forgotten languages belonging to
citizens and civilizations long-buried. Heinrich Schliemann was one of these and, like many of
them, was driven by an obsession that was to rule his life. Schliemann had read and reread the
stories of Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey, while he was working in his business in Germany.
The story of the ten-year Trojan War, fought over the divine beauty of Helen (“the face that
launched a thousand ships”) and the homesick wanderings and adventures of Odysseus and his
men, who had to use all their wits and courage to stay alive, filled his head with a magical vision.
He began to form an idea, one that experts scoffed at as pure fantasy.
B Schliemann asserted that the places, events and people described in the epic tales were more than
just myths and legends. He was sure that they had some original basis in fact, no matter how much
elaboration and distortion had been lain on top afterwards. His dream was to unearth the legendary
city of Troy, home to King Priam and his son, Paris, abductor of the incomparable Helen. The
success of his business allowed Schliemann to retire early and pursue his dream, and the year 1870
found him in Hisarlik, Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), excavating a “tell”. This was a huge
mound, much like a hill, created over millennia by the successive building and razing of mud brick
houses, and reaching up to 100 feet in height. He began to strike different layers denoting separate
cities, going back hundreds of years each time. In 1873, he hit the ninth layer, which contained a
considerable hoard of treasure. This he claimed to have belonged to Priam, and he was sure he had
reached his goal; he was certain he was looking at the remains of Troy.
C Schliemann excavated several other sites related to this time in Greek history, the most famous
being a shaft grave at Mycenae, on the Argos plain in Greece. This was the site of the citadel which
supposedly belonged to Agamemnon, King of Argos and commander of the Greek force during the
Trojan War. In 1876, Schliemann entered a grave containing a number of bodies, jewellery,
drinking vessels and weapons. Five of the corpses wore death masks made of beaten gold;removing
one (resembling a bearded man) Schliemann glimpsed the face for a second before it crumbled to
dust. In an excited conversation, Schliemann uttered his famous words, “I have gazed upon the face
of Agamemnon!” Later investigations into his two significant finds told a rather different story. In
all probability, the treasure found at Troy was not Priam’s (it is now believed that Priam’s Troy
formed the seventh layer Schliemann went through), and the gold death mask was dated some
hundreds of years before the reign of Agamemnon.
D Schliemann was attacked by critics, who said that this style of excavation was more like a child’s
at the seaside than that of a serious scholar. In his overenthusiasm and haste he had done irreparable
damage, tearing his way down through layers of his history to satisfy his thirst for the glory of a big
discovery. It cannot be denied that Schliemann’s methods left a lot to be desired and were more
akin to the grave robbing of the Egyptian pyramids than the painstaking brush-and-trowel work of
modern archaeology. It should be noted, however, that the critics that condemned his methods had
also ridiculed his theory in the first place, leaving him with little choice but to try things his own
way. His establishing the connection between myth and reality has proved extremely important in
the fields of archaeology and social anthropology, among others. He also achieved something that
perhaps few people do in their lifetime; he fulfilled his dream, and found the site of the famed Troy,
ancient city of legend and history.
In which section are the following mentioned?
1. the conviction that despite embellishment, a legend was based on factual events
2. Schliemann’s uncovering an object causing irreparable damage
3. embarking on an expedition to find a lost civilization, based on hearsay
4. contemporaries condemning Schliemann’s methodology
5. ancient works inspiring a theory
6. demonstrating conclusively a link between history and legend
7. financial security enabling an amateur to fulfill his dreams
8. Schliemann’s assertions subsequently being proved incorrect
9. non-professionals engaging in archaeology
10. the rejection of Schliemann’s theories resulting in unorthodox techniques.
VIII
Peter Raven is a botanist. He knows about photosynthesis, primary productivity and sustainable
growth. He knows that all flesh is grass; that the richest humans and the hungriest alike depend
ultimately on plants for food, fuel, clothing, medicines and shelter, and that all of these come from
the kiss of the sun on warm moist soils, to quicken growth and ripen grain.
1.
The global population is about to soar from six billion to nine billion in less than a lifetime. Around
800 million humans are starving, and maybe two billion are malnourished, while three billion
survive on two dollars a day.
2.
By many, Raven means perhaps half to two thirds of all the other species on the planet in the next
100 years.There could be ten million different kinds of fern, fungus, flowering plant, arthropod,
amphibian, reptile,bird, fish and mammal on Earth. Nobody knows. People such as Raven, director
of the Missouri Botanic Gardens in St Louis, are doing their best to count and preserve them.
3.
Some of these organisms are now being chased to oblivion by human population growth at levels
that ecosystems cannot sustain.
4.
There are ways of confirming species loss, even if it cannot be established how many species there
were in the first place. Look at the vertebrates and mollusks in fossil records, Raven says, just for
the past sixty-five million years or so. “You find that the average life of a species is two to three
million years and you get about one species per million becoming extinct per year in the fossil
record. Those particular groups are a small sample, but they are a real sample,” he says.
5.
That works out at hundreds of creatures per year over the past four centuries, and even more when
humans,rats and other invaders started colonising islands: 2,000 species have vanished from the
Pacific basin alone since the Polynesians got there 1,200 years ago.
6.
There are various wild creatures that get along with humans and follow them everywhere:
cockroaches,fleas, ticks, rats, cats, pigs, cattle, scavenger birds, lusty weeds. These invade little
islands of ancient biodiversity, take over, and see the natives off the premises. And not just islands:
one third of all endangered plants in the continental US are threatened because of alien invaders,
Raven says. In Hawaii, it is 100 percent.
7.
Ecosystems are not static. They change, naturally. They burn, are grazed or browsed, they
regenerate, flood and silt up. But left to themselves, they go on providing services that humans and
other creatures value. A mangrove swamp provides a habitat for shrimps. It cannot be improved by
draining it for a tourist beach, or building a large city on it. Its natural value would be dissipated.
“An ecosystem itself undamaged is very,very resilient, and the more simplified it gets, the less
resilient. Globally, what we are doing is simplifying them all, simultaneously,which is a very
dangerous large-scale experiment,” Raven says.

Paragraphs
A Ecosystems, Raven says, can be whatever you like. Hedgerows in Hampshire are an ecosystem;
so are weeds on a railway line at Hammersmith. Savannahs, grasslands, prairies, rainforests, dry
forests, pine forests, uplands, heathlands, downlands, wetlands, mangrove swamps, estuaries,
oxbow lakes and coral reefs are all ecosystems, and they survive on diversity. The greater the
variety of microbes, plants and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it is and the better it
works for all, including humans. So it would not be a good idea to evict at least half of these
creatures, especially if nothing is known about them. But, Raven says, that is what is happening.
B Then you can start with the literature in about 1600, when people began to care enough about
organisms to be able to document them well, and for the groups that they were documenting - birds,
mammals, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies and plants - then you can say, “What was the rate over
the past 400 years? It's tens of times or hundreds of times the level it was before.”
C Global warming is not going to help, either. What happens to the unique assembly of plants in
the Cape region of Africa as the thermometer rises? They cannot migrate south. There is no land
south of the Cape. So many will perish.
D As he keeps pointing out, the human species is living as if it had more than one planet to occupy.
Forty years ago, he and colleagues tried to calculate the economic cost of exporting humans to a
star system likely to be orbited by habitable planets. They worked out that it would cost the entire
gross economic product of the planet to ship just twelve people a year to Proxima Centauri or
beyond. His message for the planet is, “Think, look at the big picture, and think again”.
E But the human population is growing at the rate of about 10,000 an hour, and each human
depends on a hectare or two of land and water for what economists now call “ecosystem services” -
the organisms that ultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth to provide oxygen, fresh food,
clean water, fuel, new clothes, safe shelter and disposable income.
F Valuable agricultural land is being poisoned or parched or covered in concrete, soils eroded,
rivers emptied and aquifers drained to feed the swelling numbers. Something has got to give, and
the first things to go are many of the plants and animals.
G So botanists such as Raven begin with the big picture of sustainable growth and can calculate to
the nearest planet how much land and sea it would take to sustain the population of the world if
everybody lived as comfortably as the Americans, British or French. The answer is three planets.
H There is another way of checking, Raven says, pioneered by, among others, socio-biologist and
evolutionary psychologist Edward O. Wilson. There is a logarithmic relationship between the area
of habitat and the species that inhabit it. Measure a patch of forest and count a sample of the species
in it. Then compare it with another patch of forest ten times smaller. The smaller one will have only
half the sample species count. This has been shown in thousands of individual observations, he
says. So destroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing creatures.
X.
a. NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each gap.
Jimmy,
Could you tidy up these notes into a leaflet for the admissions dept.? We need to get it on the
streets before the end of semester.
Stress that the way we do things - & have done from the start – is “learning by doing”, as the best
way for students to get the artistic, technical & business know how they need to get ahead in
photography and other visual media.
 Also, we are one of the top places in the world, and our programmes tailor made for those who
want to make a living in photography or film, both for those already in the business and those who
want to learn new skills.
Don’t forget to mention that we have faculties at three locales, all in picturesque surroundings on
the south coast.
Money: mention your aid programme & how we can help with payment plan.
If students want more information about help with money they can get in touch with us by e-mail.
Jenny
The Adams Institute of Photography

Ever since its (0) beginnings/ foundation, The Adams Institute of Photography has (1) _______
great emphasis on “learning by doing” as the most (2) _______ means of acquiring the artistic,
technical and business (3) _______ needed for (4) _______ in the fields of photography and other
visual media.
We are a world leader in the field, and we (5) _______ special programmes for anyone who
aspires to a career in stills photography or (6) _______ pictures, whether you are already
professionally involved or a (7)_______.
The institute is situated at three beautiful (8) _______ on the south coast, with peaceful and eye-
catching surroundings.
The institute has (9) _______ aid programme for those who need (10) _______assistance and
qualify under the government guidelines.
b.
1. In his new book the writer presents an interesting theory of art. (FORWARD)
 In his new book the writer ____________________________________________ theory of art.
2. I have disagreed with her decisions only once in my life. (AGAINST)
 Only once in my life __________________________________________________ her decision.
3The researchers had to work very hard for six months in order to complete the project
(STRETCH)
The researchers had to work ______________________________________________the project.
4. During the economic crisis, even the royal family had to spend less money than usual. (BELTS)
 During the economic crisis, even the royal family _____________________________________
5. Without my glasses I can’t see anything. (BLIND)
 Without my glasses I am ______________________________________________.
6. If I don’t have a cup of coffee with my lunch, I become weak and faint by three o’clock.
(STEAM)
 If I don’t have a cup of coffee with my lunch, ______________________________________.
7. Speaking in front of an audience can be nerve-racking, but once you become accustomed to it,
you will find it easy. (SWING)
 Speaking in front of an audience can be nerve-racking,_________________ you will find it easy
8. You shouldn’t smoke if you want to lead a healthier lifestyle. (ABSTAIN)
 You __________________________________________ if you want to lead a healthier lifestyle.
9. The expedition might be dangerous, but I’d take the risk and go away. (CHANCE)
 The expedition might be dangerous, ______________________________________________.
10. I knew that Ray had been working late as he looked exhausted. (OIL)
 I knew that Ray ___________________________________________ as he looked exhausted.
c. 1. Your story is different from the facts.
 Your story doesn’t tie ______________________________________________________.
2. There is a predominance of boys in this class.
 There are _____________________________________________________________.
3. The dress was so tempting that I bought it.
 I couldn’t resist the _____________________________________________________________.
4. He suddenly thought that he might have misunderstood her.
 It crossed ________________________________________________________________.
5. We were elated by the birth of our first grandchild.
 We were over _____________________________________________________________.
QUẢNG NAM 22-23
26. Sandra astounded all the spectators by winning the match ______ down.
A. heads B. hands C. hearts D. feet
27.When his manager went on a business trip, Mark stepped into the ____ and chaired the meeting.
A. hole B. breach C. pool D. crack
28. It is public knowledge that new magazines often use free gifts or other _____ to get people to
buy them.
A. gimmicks B. snares C. plots D. scams
29. Peter Oprah is a true sister under the______ as he always supports women’s action to improve
their rights.
A. skin B. chin C. mask D. card
30.It is often difficult for a householder to __ squatters and regain possession of his or her property.
A. eliminate B. withdraw C. evict D. vacate
31. I'm not a serious investor, but I like to ______ in the stock market.
A. splash B. splatter C. paddle D. dabble
32. The teacher said 'Well done' and patted me on the head. I can't stand people who treat me so __.
A. pompously B. maternally C. snobbishly D. patronizingly
33. The investigation was instigated ______the Prime Minister.
A. on the part of B. consequence of C. subsequent to D. at the behest of
34. Teachers have the authority to discipline pupils by ______ of their position as teachers.
A. view B. virtue C. means D. way
35. The consultant called in by the firm brought a ______ of experience to bear on the problem.
A. wealth B. realm C. bank D. hoard
36. The thick fog ______ out any possibility of our plane taking off before morning.
A. ruled B. struck C. stamped D. crossed
37. The new curriculum has been designed to ______ students learning by combining theory with
hands-on practice.
A. endow B. optimize C. sharpen D. estimate
38. When I was younger, I wanted to be an air pilot but I soon went ____ the idea when I realized I
hated flying.
A. out B. off C. up D. with
39. People can make themselves walk on nails or through fire. It’s a question of mind over ______.
A. body B. material C. matter D. facts
40. We are a luxury restaurant and if people have a bad experience, we have to _______.
A. carry all before them B. carry the can C. carry the ball D. carry the day

41. These people are _________ and they are not going to say anything on camera that makes
them look stupid. (MEDIA)
42. Right now Usain Bolt can still_______ professional athletes although he's considerably aging
(PACE)
43. Many scientists still don't believe ________ about their insisting on proving that they had met
aliens (TACT)
44. In January 2001, the ____ Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on
climate change. (GOVERN)
45.The New Year 2020's _______ show involves almost every famous face of the country (STAR)
 Public opinion polls show that crime is viewed as one of the most serious problems of many
societies. Yet, 46. _____ studies have revealed that the amount of violent crime is 47. _______.
Our peculiar awareness and fear is largely brought about by the great attention it is 48___ in the
mass media and also because of violent crime being a popular theme for television series and films
Among all crimes, murder makes the 49. _______ and there is a little doubt that homicides still
continue to be a 50. _______ question in a number of countries. The various causes of severe crime
are being constantly 51. _______ and innumerable reasons for it are being pointed out.Among these
are unemployment, drug abuse, inadequate police enforcement, ineffective courts, racial
discrimination , television and the general decline in social values.
An acknowledged fact is that it is mainly poverty that 52. ________ crime. Individual incapable
of 53. ______ for themselves and their families the rudimentary means of living unavoidably take
54. _____ stealing, burgling or committing other offences.We may try to explain crime on different
55. ______ - cultural, economic, psychological or political, but criminologists are still far from
detecting the exact source of violent offences as the direct link between these particular factors isn’t
possible to specify.
46. A. postulating B. philosophizing C. examining D. penetrating
47. A. customized B. overestimated C. presupposed D. outspoken
48. A. granted B. awarded C. devoted D. entrusted
49. A. headlines B. titles C. captions D. spotlights
50. A. burdening B. obstructing C. nagging D. contending
51. A. debated B. conversed C. uttered D. articulated
52. A. rears B. nurtures C. breeds D. urges
53. A. insuring B. affording C. securing D. accommodating
54. A. on B. to C. for D. with
55. A. motives B. drives C. grounds D. reasons

The game of solving difficult puzzles has always filled people with the feeling of a profound
excitement. No (56)_______, then, that the fascination of treasure hunting has invariably been
associated with the possibility of (57)_______ the most improbable dreams. According to what the
psychologists claim, there is a little boy in every treasure hunter. Yet, the chase of hidden valuables
has recently become a serious venture with amateur and professional seekers equipped with highly
sophisticated (58)_______ like metal detectors, radars, sonars or underwater cameras.
What (59)_______ the adrenaline level in these treasure - obsessed fanatics are legends, myths,
old maps and other variety of clues promising immeasurable fortunes (60)_______ beneath the
earth’s surface or drowned in the ancient galleys.
For many reassure hunters the struggle of hint searching is even more stimulating than digging out
a treasure (61)_______ composed of golden or silver objects, jeweler and other priceless artifacts.
The job is, however, extremely strenuous as even the most puzzling clues must be thoroughly
analyzed. Failures and misinterpretations (62)_______ quite frequently, too. Yet, (63)_______ the
most unlikely clue or the smallest find is enough to reinforce the hunter's self - confidence and
passion.
Indeed, the delight in treasure finding doesn't always depend on acquiring tremendous amounts of
valuables. Whatever is detected, (64)_______ it a rusty sundial or a marble statue, brings joy and
(65) _______ after a long and exhausting search.

Medieval Europe abounded in castles. Germany alone had ten thousand and more, most of them
now vanished; all that summer journey in the Rhineland and the south-west now can show are a
handful of ruins and a few nineteenth century restorations. Nevertheless, anyone journeying from
Spain to the Dvina, from Calabria to Wales, will find castles rearing up again and again to
dominate the open landscape. There they will stand, indesolate and uninhabited districts where the
only visible forms of life are herdsman and their flocks, with hawks circling the battlements, far
from the traffic and comfortably distant even from the nearest small town; these were the
strongholds of the European aristocracy.
The weight of aristocratic dominance was felt in Europe until well after the French Revolution;
political and social structure, the church,the general tenor of thought and feeling were all influenced
by it. Over the centuries, consciously or unconsciously, the other classes of this older European
society- the clergy, the bourgeoisie, and ‘ the common people’- adopted many of the outward
characteristics of the aristocracy, who became their model, their standard, their ideal. Aristocratic
values and ambition were adopted alongside aristocratic manners and fashions of dress. Yet
Aristocracy was the object of much contentious criticism and complaint;from the thirteenth century
onwards their military value and their political importance were both called into question.
Nevertheless, their opponents continued to be their principal imitators. In the eleventh and twelfth
centuries, the reforming Papacy and its clerical supporters, although opposed the excessively
democratic control of the church ( as is shown by the Investiture contest) nevertheless, themselves
first adopted and then strengthened the forms of this control. Noblemen who became bishops or
who founded new Orders helped to implant aristocratic principles and forms of government deep
within the structure and spiritual life of the Church. Again, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,
the urban bourgeoisie, made prosperous and even rich by trade and industry, were rising to political
power as the servants and legal protégés of the monarchy.These ‘ Patricians’ were critical of the
Aristocracy and hostile towards it. Yet they also imitated the Aristocracy and tried to gain
admittance to the closed circle and to achieve equality of status. Even the unarmed peasantry, who
usually had to suffer more from the unrelieved weight of aristocratic dominance, long remained
tenaciously loyal to their lords, held to their allegiance by that combination of love and fear, amor
et timor, which was so characteristic of the medieval relationship between lord and servant,
between God and man.
The castle and strongholds of the aristocracy remind us of the reality of their power and
superiority. Through the long warring centuries when men went defenseless and insecure, the’
house’, the lord’s fortified dwelling, promised protection, security and peace to all whom it
sheltered. From the ninth to the eleventh centuries, it not later, Europe was in many ways all to
open. Attack came from the sea, in the Mediterranean from Saracens and Vikings, the latter
usually in their swift, dragon- power, easily maneuvered longboats, manned by some sixteen pairs
of oarsmen and with a full complement of perhaps sixty men. There were periods when the
British Isles and the French coasts were being raided every year by Vikings and in the heart of the
continent marauding Magyar and armies met invading bands of Saracens. The name of
Pontresina, near ST. Moritz in Switzerland, is a memento of the stormy tenth century. It means
pons Saracenorum, the ‘ fortified Saracen bridge’, the place where plundering expeditions halted
on their way up from the Mediterranean.
It was recognized in theory that the Church and the monarchy were the principal powers
and that they were bound by the nature of their office to ensure peace and security and to do
justice; but at this period they were too weak, too torn by internal conflicts to fulfill their
obligations. Thus, more and more power passed into the hands of warriors invested by the
monarchy and the Church with lands and rights of jurisdiction, who in return undertook to support
their overlords and to protect the unarmed peasantry.
Their first concern, however, was self- protection. It is almost impossible for us to realize
how primitive the great majority of these early medieval ‘ castles’ really were. Until about 1150
the fortified houses of the Anglo-Norman nobility were simple dwellings surrounded by a mound
of earth and a wooden stockade. These were the motte and bailey castles; the motte was the
mound and its stockade, the bailey an open court lying below and also stockaded. Both were
protected, where possible, by yet another ditch filled with water, the moat. In the middle of the
motte there was a wooden tower, the keep or donjon, which only became a genuine stronghold at
the later date and in places where stone was readily available. The stone castles of the French and
German nobility usually had only a single communal room in which all activities took place.
In such straitened surroundings, where warmth, light and comfort were lacking, there was no way
of creating an air of privacy. It is easy enough to understand why the life of the landed nobility
was often so unrestrained, so filled with harshness, cruelty and brutality, even in later, more ‘
chivalrous ‘ periods. The barons’ daily life was bare and uneventful, punctuated by war, hunting
( a rehearsal for war), and feasting. Boys were trained to fight from the age of seven or eight, and
their education in arms continued until they were twenty-one, although in some cases they started
to fight as early as fifteen. The peasants of the surrounding countryside, bound to their lords by a
great variety of ties, produced the sparse fare which was all that the underdeveloped agriculture of
the early medieval period could sustain. Hunting was a constant necessity, to make
up for the lack of butcher’s meat, and in England and Germany in the eleventh and twelfth
centuries even the Kings had to progress from one crown estate to another, from one bishop’s
palace to the next, to maintain themselves and retinue.

66. Class conflict in the Middle Ages was kept in check by______.
A. The fact that most people belonged the same class
B. Tyrannical suppressions of rebellions by powerful monarchs
C. The religious teachings of the church
D. The fact that all other classes admired and attempted to emulate the aristocracy
67. The urban bourgeoisie was hostile to the aristocracy because_______.
A. The bourgeoisie was prevented by the aristocracy from seeking an alliance with the kings.
B. Aristocrats often confiscated the wealth of the bourgeoisie.
C. the bourgeoisie saw the aristocracy as their rivals
D. the aristocrats often deliberately antagonized the bourgeoisie
68. Castles were originally built _______.
A. As status symbols B. As strongholds against invaders
C. As simple places to live in. D. As luxurious chateaux.
69. One of the groups that invaded Central Europe during the Middle Ages from the ninth century
on was the______ .
A. Magyars B. Franks C. Angles D. Celts
70. The aristocracy was originally_________
A. The great landowners B. Members of the elegy C. The king’s warriors
D. Merchants who became wealthy
71. The reforming Popes eventually produced an aristocratic Church because______.
A. They depended on the aristocracy for money
B. They themselves were more interested in money than in religion.
C. They were defeated by the aristocrats.
D. Many aristocrats entered the structure of the Church and impressed their values on it.
72. Hunting served the dual purpose of ______.
A. Preparing for war and engaging in sport B. Preparing for war and getting meat
C. Learning how to ride and shoot D. Testing horses and men
73. The phrase “ amor et timor” is used to describe the _______.
A. Rivalry between bourgeoisie and aristocracy C. Peasnant’s loyalty to the aristocracy
B. Church’s view of man and his relationship to God
D. Adaptation of aristocratic manners and dress
74. Protection of the peasantry was implemented by the _______.
A. King ‘s warriors B. Magyar mercenaries C. Replacement of wood towers by stone donjons
D. Princes of the Church
75. The effectiveness of the Church and King was diminished by________.
A. Ambition of the military B. Conflicts and weaknesses within the Church and the royal house.
C. Peasant dissatisfaction D. The inherent flaws of feudalism.

Why do catchy tunes stay on our minds?

Claire Wilson reveals why the brain finds it hard to forget irritating, popular songs.
Songs that go round and round in your head for days or even weeks on end, have commonly
become known as “earworms.” For no obvious reason, a tune just stays on your mind, and you
cannot help singing or humming it whether it’s a song you like or not. What is interesting about
this experience is that it clearly illustrates a part of our mind that is not under our control.
89
Oliver Sacks, a neurologist and author of the book Musicophilia, claims that earworms are an
obvious sign of “the overwhelming and at times, helpless, sensitivity of our brains to music.”
Music has something in common with earworms; they are both typified by reiteration, and this
may be why earworms are so difficult to oust from our mind.
90
Along with the repetition, music is unique compared to many of the other things we frequently
encounter in our daily lives, because it is so similar every time we hear it. Roads are tedious to our
eyes, and often all look the same, but each time you see the same road, you’ll see it from a
different angle, aspect or in a different light.
91
A further thing about earworms is that time and again they seem to have something appealing or
untypical about them. Usually they are simple and repetitive fragments of music, but those songs
that eventually become earworms have just a small trace of something that makes them “catchy.”
92
Earworms also seem to be a part of long-term memory and not just a temporary after image of
sound. For example, someone with an especially lasting earworm can activate it just by hearing
someone mention the name. They don’t actually have to hear the music before it’s back again
going through their head.
93
One part of the slave system is the “mind’s eye,” which retains visual information, and another is
the “inner ear,” which we, for instance, employ to remember someone’s address or phone number.
It is the latter which appears to get weighed down with earworms.
94
Freud claimed that our minds are not one unity, and today’s cognitive neuroscience agrees, though
it varies on some of the specifics. The point is that our awareness of ourselves is far from being the
only thing teeming in our minds. The mind is a place of which we do not have total control not
complete knowledge.
95
One psychologist has proposed singing other songs that are quite similar to your earworm, using
the theory that an earworm continues to exist in your mind because of its idiosyncrasy and your
inner ear. By wiping out the individuality of the memory that is the earworm, either it will
disappear or be replaced by yet another earworm.

A.Earworms are musical memories that get set in a loop and play a specific verse or line, over and
over again and never get to the end of the song. A few people have said that if they sing the
earworm to the very end, it can help stop it playing in your head. However, others have reported
this is absolutely no help at all, and in fact might make it worse by more of the song rather than
less being repeated mentally.
B. Maybe that is the reason why they haunt our memory, and are so difficult to forget. If they were
the normal run of the mill song, they would be drummed out by all the other tunes that sound so
similar to each other and we’d have no grounds to mark them out as different.
C. Yet this is not the complete story. Aptly named “slave systems” have been pinpointed in our
short-term memory by human memory researchers; sections of the mind that ensnare sights and
sounds, keeping them to the forefront of our minds while we focus exclusively on them for a
short time.
D.There is of course the infamous “don’t think of a white bear” predicament. As it implies, the
idea is not to think about a white bear, but just try it for yourself. You face the irony of attempting
to block your mind of all thoughts of a white bear whilst at the same time confirming you are not
thinking of a white bear – you are conjuring up an image of precisely the thing you are trying not to
think of. So the only solution is to do something else to circumvent both thinking of the white bear
and not thinking of the white bear. Something like the inner ear, really.
E. This inner ear would appear to have a preference for maintaining a couple of bars of music or a
few short phrases from a song on our mind, rather than going through our plans for the day or
making a list of things to remember. In other words, a part of the body that we do not usually
have to even think about and which should do what we want, has turned against us, turning our
minds into a jukebox playing only one record that we never requested.
F. An earworm infects our inner ear, that essential component of our cognitive apparatus that helps
us remember and rehearse sounds. This is a part of ourselves over which we have no control, so
just telling it to “be quiet” is unlikely to work, and in fact could have the opposite effect and
worsen the situation. It is deemed a good idea by many scientists to use the inner ear for another
activity – something that will make the mind off the ear worm.
G.They fail to ask for permission to arrive and decline to depart when we tell them to. Earworms
are leeches, residing in a section of our mind that practices sounds. These sounds appear to be
quite simple and rhythmic, but not everyone is suffering from the same song at the same time.
H.Conversely, play a tune on your MP$ player and it sounds the same every single time.
Memorizing information is strongly influenced by repetition, therefore, perhaps the familiarity
of a piece of music etches deep-rooted channels in our mind, allowing earworms to flourish.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HSG 2022 – 03 – KEY
1 . Secondary schools offer a wide ______ of subjects.
A. field B. scope C. list D. range
2. When she came ______ she found herself in hospital.
A. round B. off C. over D. out
3. It's possible to increase one's ______ by taking a part-time job.
A. income B. earning C. gaining D. money
4. Your hair is too long now. It needs ______.
A. to cut B. cutting C. being cut D. to be cutting
5. Some people prefer classical music, but _____ prefer rock music.
A. some B. others C. other D. the others
6. He regretted ______ hard, but it was too late.
A. not working B. not having worked C. not to have worked D. working
7. You look so depressed. You look _____ you didn’t have a friend in the world.
A. as if B. if only C. even if D. although
8. Don’t stay up late, _____?
A. do you B. won’t you C. will you D. shouldn’t you
9. More and more people ______ of food poisoning nowadays.
A. exist B. survive C. die D. starve
10. The government ______ the flood victims with food, clothes and money.
A. gave B. provided C. offered D. presented
11. She didn’t know ______ to have fish or chicken for lunch.
A. both B. whether C. neither D. as
12. I ______ at the airport so late that my plane had already taken off.
A. got B. arrived C. reached D. came
13. Frank has a house on the ______ of the city.
A. outskirts B. edges C. limits D. suburbs
14. I should have ______ my hair cut weeks ago, but just don’t seem to have had time.
A. let B. made C. had D. gotten
15. Ann is not at home. She’s ______ to dinner.
A. been B. gone C. went D. being
16. The film was ______. There was so much blood in it.
A. horrify B. horrified C. horrifying D. being horrified
17. ______ I hear that song, I think of my home village.
A. Whatever B. Forever C. Whenever D. However
18. He looked forward to ______ his first pay packet.
A. receive B. have received C. be receiving D. receiving
19. If we had known your new address, we ______ to see you.
A. came B. will come C. would come D. would have come
20. I remember _____ the letter sometime ago but I can’t remember exactly when.
A. to post B. posted C. posting D. post

There is a big (1. DIFFER) ______ in the Bijago Islands off the west coast of Africa in the roles
that men and women play. For example, men look after the children and wear jewelry and perfume
when they go out. Women find building houses (2. PREFER) ______ to shopping and do all kinds
of job which men would normally do in other countries. If they want a husband, they ask his
mother for (3. PERMIT) _____ and do not need to obtain his (4. AGREE) ______ when they plan
their (5. MARRY) ______ to him. Most men spend hours every day standing in front of a mirror
combing their hair and choosing nice clothes to wear. “I don’t want to make any (6. CRITIC)
______ about the women in our (7. SOCIAL) ______ , but I think it’s time that sexual (8.
DISCRIMINATE) ______ against men stopped,” one man said. “Some visitors to our islands find
our customs very (9. AMUSE) ______ but I feel very (10. NERVE) when any girl visits my
mother,” another man said.

Although some groups of people have always lived outdoor in tents, camping as we know it today
only began to be _(1)_ about 50 years ago. The increase in the use of cars and improvement in
camping equipment have _(2)_ more people to travel longer _(3)_ into the countryside and to stay
there in greater comfort. Many campers like to be _(4)_ themselves in quiet areas, so they _(5)_
their tent and food, and walk or cycle into the forests or the mountains. Others, preferring to be near
people, drive to a public or privately-owned campsite _(6)_ has up-to-date facilities, _(7)_ hot
showers and swimming pools. Whether campers are _(8)_ in the mountains or on a busy site, they
should remember to _(9)_ the area clean and tidy. In the forests, they must put out any fires and
keep food hidden to avoid attracting _(10)_ animals.
1. A. fame B. popular C. favorite D. current
2. A. asked B. let C. made D. allowed
3. A. parts B. directions C. voyages D. distances
4. A. on B. by C. at D. of
5. A. take B. make C. pick D. do
6. A. where B. who C. which D. when
7. A. such B. like C. as D. just
8. A. lonely B. single C. separate D. alone
9. A. remain B. stay C. keep D. let
10. A. wild B. natural C. loose D. free
In Western countries, electricity, gas, and water are not luxuries but necessities. Companies now
realise that consumers want products that will not (1)______ work effectively, but save money as
well. For most North American households, lighting accounts for 10% to 15% of the electricity bill.
However, this amount can be (2)______ by replacing an old ordinary 100-watt bulb with an
energy-saving one. These bulbs use a quarter of the electricity of standard (3)______ , and last
eight times longer. Therefore, consumers can (4) ______ about $7 to $21 per bulb. In Europe, there
is a labeling scheme for fridges, freezers, washing machines and tumble dryers. The label tells the
consumers how (5)______ energy efficiency each model has, compared with other appliances in
the same category.

1. Pete said he was sorry he had treated Jane so badly.

Pete
2. Who wrote the book? By
3. The bus couldn’t run because of the thick fog. The thick fog
4. “Why hasn’t Peter phoned?” she asked me.
She wondered
5. The test was easier than we thought.
The test
6. The book is quite worth reading. You lent me the book last week.
The book
7. Could you turn the radio down, please?
Would you
8. Peter didn't attend my party yesterday because he was ill.
If
9. I don’t really want to go to the museum today.
I’d
10. We’d better buy a new television.
It’s time
1. I’ve never been to London before. (time)
This is the first time I’ve been to London.
2. Fifty years ago, cars were slower than they are nowadays. (as)
Fifty years ago, cars were not as/so fast as they are nowadays.
3. John began playing tennis five years ago. (for)
John has been playing tennis for five years (now).
4. Peter said to Paul, “I didn’t break your camera.” (denied)
Peter denied breaking/having broken Paul’s camera. /Peter denied that he had broken Paul’s
camera.
5. Bill regrets telling his father the truth. (wishes)
Bill wishes he hadn’t told his father the truth.
6. If nobody reminds him of the meeting, he will surely forget it. (unless)
Unless someone/somebody reminds him of the meeting, he will surely forget it.
7. The question was so difficult that he couldn't answer it. (too)
The question was too difficult for him to answer.
8. Since she was careless, Mary had the accident. (carelessness)
Because of/Due to her carelessness, Mary had the accident.
If it had not been for/Had it not been for her carelessness, Mary wouldn’t have had the accident.
9. Her voice is so beautiful that everyone admires her. (such)
She has such a beautiful voice that everyone admires her.
Her voice is such a beautiful one that everyone admires her.
10. We spent two hours getting to London. (took)
It took us two hours to get to London.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HSG 2022 – 04 - KEY
0. That’s the _____ interesting novel I’ve ever read.
A. more B. even C. most D. every
1. My colour TV, _____ I bought 10 years ago, still gives beautiful pictures.
A. which B. that C. what D. X
2. He is very stubborn, so it will be difficult to _____ him to go.
A. persuade B. suggest C. make D. prevent
3. “Who is Mr. Madely?” “ I have no idea. I’ve never heard _____ him”.
A. about B. from C. after D. of
4. Children are _____ to overcome problems.
A. determine B. determined C. determinant D. determination
5. They will be sent to work in America _____ their English is better next year.
A. when B. unless C. if D. because
6. I’ve never____very well with my brother. We’ve got completely different personalities.
A. got off B. got on C. got away D. got up
7. ____ lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam, my friend Andy does not enjoy it.
A. But B. Although C. If D. However
8. I believe that our new manager has the ____ to work well in this business environment.
A. flexible B. inflexible C. flexibly D. flexibility
9. When my father retired, he decided to take ____ golf.
A. in B. with C. up D. for
10. That’s a nice coat, and the colour ____ you well.
A. matches B. fits C. suits D. agrees

0. Currently there are at least four movies playing that deserve the Academy Award.
A. downtown B. at the present time C. at the local theatre D. frequently
1. The use of lasers in surgery has become relatively commonplace in recent years.
A. absolutely B. relevantly C. almost D. comparatively
2. Marsha found it difficult to cope with the loss of her job.
A. solve B. deal with C. think about D. confirm
3. If the crops are not irrigated soon, the harvest will be sparse.
A. watered B. planted C. plowed D. fertilized
4. Button decided to continue with his studies for another two years.
A. get on B. carry out C. go on D. turn off
5. More than 15,000 species of ants have been identified by scientists.
A. chosen B. grouped C. named D. seen

Public (react)__1__ to the Disney film “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” when it was first
issued in 1937 was (ordinary)__2__ . It was received with great (excite)__3__ and it immediately
became (enormous)__4__ popular throughout the world. Good advertising was not the only reason
for this (world)__5__ popularity; the film and its characters captured the (imagine)__6__ of people
all over the world like no film before it. In Britain there were (day) __7__ newspaper articles about
the film and how the film was made. Snow white toys and books were on (sell) __8__ everywhere.
Some people thought that it might be (upset)__9__ for children but most people saw it as
(harm)__10__ entertainment.

My wife and I (live) __1__ in our house in the country for 5 years. We (move) __2__ here after our
second child (be) __3__ born. We (live) __4__ in town for ten years and decided that as soon as we
(can afford) __5__ it, we (move) __6__ away from the smoke and the noise of the city centre,which
we finally (do) __7__ in 1985. We (never regret) __8__ it. We (be) __9__ reminded of the wisdom
of our decision every morning when we (draw) __10__ our curtains to see open fields stretching
before us.
What do you know about Bill Gates?

Bill Gates is a very important person __0__ the computer industry. He has been __1__ executive
officer of Microsoft corporation for several years. He is also the richest person in the United States.
__2__ did he do it?
He learned a lot __3__ his parents. While Bill was going to school, his father went to college, got
a __4__ and became a successful lawyer. From this , Bill learned that you have to work hard if you
want something. His mother was a very busy teacher, but she also __5__ going to parties. From
this, he learned something __6__ : If you want to work hard and play hard, you have to __7__ a
schedule.
When Bill was young, he spent a lot of time __8__ . While most of his friends were playing, Bill
read all of the World Book Encyclopedia and finished it when he was 8 years old.
Bill’s childhood was not __9__ work, however. He used to play a lot of sports- swimming,
water-skiing, tennis. He was very __10__ about sports. He loved winning and he hated losing.
When Bill got older, he spent more and more time working- and playing- on a computer.
Before he was 20, Bill __11__ the world’s first computer language for the personal computer.
Once __12__ he was thinking about the future, he realized something important. He thought that
every home was going to have a computer, and every computer would __13__ software- his
software. He said, “I’m going to __14__ my first million dollars on software __15__ the time I’m
25.” And he did!
0. A. in B. on C. for D. of
1. A. main B. chief C. principle D. top
2. A. How B. What C. Why D. When
3. A. with B. for C. by D. from
4. A. certificate B. contract C. degree D. notice
5. A. enjoyed B. considered C. fancied D. imagined
6. A. different B. else C. other D. otherwise
7. A. do B. devise C. plan D. make
8. A. lone B. lonely C. alone D. singly
9. A. all B. altogether C. entirely D. wholly
10. A. severe B. serious C. grave D. strict
11. A. evolved B. originated C. wrote D. developed
12. A. when B. again C. because D. only
13. A. use B. install C. need D. set up
14. A. fetch B. obtain C. create D. make
15. A. at B. by C. until D. during

Ogden Nash was a poet, storyteller, humorist, and philosopher. Born in Rye, New York, and raised
in Savannah, Georgia, he tried but failed to adapt himself to the academic and later the business
world. After attending Harvard University briefly, he became a mail clerk on Wall Street, later
advancing to bond salesman. His first job as a writer was to produce advertising copy for streetcar
cards. Then in 1925, he joined the advertising department of Doubleday Page and Company, one of
the largest publishing houses in New York. Later, as a member of the editorial staff of “The New
Yorker” magazine he began writing short poems.
His verses are filled with humor and wry wit as well as the unexpected or improbable rhymes
that have come to characterize them. One of his most famous is a two-line verse titled “Reflections
on Ice-Breaking”in which he offers the following advice to young lovers: “Candy is candy, but
liquor is quicker”. Beginning in 1931, and extending over the next four decades, Nash produced
nineteen books of poetry. During the same time period, he was a favorite contributor to many
leading magazines, and his name became a household word.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Poems in “The New Yorkers” B. Humor in Poetry
C. The life and work of Ogden Nash D. Reflections on Ice-Breaking
2. Nash’s first job was as a
A. mail clerk B. bond salesman
C. writer of adverting copy D. magazine writer
3. Nash is described as all of the following except
A. a humorist B. a popular poet C. a prolific writer D. an alcoholic
4. The word “them” in line 10 refers to
A. rhymes B. verses C. editorial D. publishing house
5. In the second paragraph, what does Nash mean by “ liquor is quicker”?
A. Young people should be warned against drinking alcohol
B. It is quicker to make alcohol than it is to make candy
C. Eating candy lasts longer than drinking alcohol
D. Alcohol promotes romantic feelings faster than candy does.

A hobby can be anything a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbyists raise pets, build
model ships, weave baskets, watch birds, hunt animals, climb mountains, raise flowers, fish, ski,
skate and swim. Hobbyists also paint pictures, attend concerts and plays, and perform on musical
instruments. They collect everything from books to butterflies, and shells to stamps.
People take up hobbies, because these activities offer enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and
relaxation. Sometimes they can even yield financial profit. Hobbies help people relax after periods
of hard work, and provide a balance between work and play.Hobbies also offer interesting activities
for people who have retired. Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or well can follow a
satisfying hobby, regardless of his age, position, or income. Hobbies can help a person’s mental
and physical health. Doctors have found that hobbies are valuable in helping patients recover from
physical or mental illness.
Hobbies give bed- ridden or wheelchair patients something to do, and provide interests that
keep them from thinking about themselves. Many hospitals treat patients by having them take up
interesting hobbies of past times. In early times, most people were too busy making a living to have
hobbies. But some persons who had pleasure did enjoy hobbies. The ancient Egyptians played
games with balls made of wood. People today have more time than ever before for hobbies.
Machines have reduced the amount of time they must spend their jobs. Hobbies provide variety
for workers who do the same monotonous tasks all day long. More people are retiring at an earlier
age than ever before. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do
with newly-found leisurehours.
Sir William Osier, a famous Canadian doctor, expressed the value of hobbies by saying “No man
is really happy or safe without a hobby.”
6. Which of the following is True?
A. Hobby is one’s regular business in his office. B. Hobby is not one’s regular business in one’s spare time.
C. Hobby is a kind of business only for old people. D. Hobby is a kind of business only for young people.
7. Who may spend more time enjoying their hobbies?
A. Persons who have little money B . Persons who have much money
C. Persons who have given up their work D. Persons who have left school.
8. The underlined phrase “recover from” in the third paragraph means.......
A. get back B. become well C. become calm D. supply with a new cover
9. In early times, most people spent less time on their hobbies because......
A. they were brave and hard- working B. the living conditions were poor.
C. they were engaged in making a living D. Both B and C
10. What’s the writer’s opinion about hobbies?
A. People should have good hobbies in their spare time B. Machines also have their hobbies.
C. Hobbies are popular among people in Egypt. D. People all over the world have the same hobby.
1. Please don’t repeat everything I say.
I’d rather _____________________________________________________
2. It hasn’t snowed here for 5 years.
(The last time __________________________________________________
3. I had difficulty in understanding your writing.
(It was ________________________________________________________
4. You mustn’t park here.
(Parking isn’t __________________________________________________
5. I can finish this work on time only if you help me.
(Only if_______________________________________________________
6. The holiday was so disappointing that they decided to ask for their money back.
(It was _______________________________________________________
7. My children are looking forward to going to Dalat for holiday.
(My children are excited_________________________________________
8. Although Peter was the stronger of the two, he was soon overpowered by his attacker.
(Despite his ______________________________________________________
9. There weren’t nearly as many people at the party as he had expected.
(There were far ___________________________________________________
10. I didn’t have enough money that’s why I didn’t go on holiday last year.
( If I _________________________________________________________

1. She stopped asking for advice on how to lose weight. (gave)

________________________________________________________________
2. Jane is so young that she can’t join our club. (too)
________________________________________________________________
3. Very few people survived the disaster. (alive)
________________________________________________________________
4. Someone serviced Bill’s car the other day. (had)
________________________________________________________________
5. I regret not having taken your father’s advice. (wish)
________________________________________________________________
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ENGLISH BONANZA
6. He was arrested _____ suspicion _____ murder.
A. in/of B. on/with C. at/for D. on/of
7. _____, we should be in Japan by 4 p.m.
A. With luck B. At luck C. By luck D. In luck
8. Thomas has a garden which is _____ mine.
A. double as large B. semi-larger than C. twice as large as D. as two-time as large
9. You thought I did wrong but the result _____ my action.
A. agreed B. approved C. proved D. justified
10. She was convicted of murdering her _____ and allegedly violent husband.
A. drunk B. drinking C. drunken D. drink
11. _____ speaking, I don’t like my present job at all.
A. Merely B. Frankly C. Additionally D. Honorably
12. Company policy states that, upon arrival, all employees are _____ at the form desk.
A. going to have to sign in B. having to sign in C. signing in D. to sign in
13. The new office block _____ well with its surroundings.
A. blends in B. stands out C. shares up D. sets off
14. Last month's bad weather was responsible for the _____.
A. crop failure B. crop fail C. failure crop D. failing crop
15. Having been working hard for a year, Liz is enjoying her own _____ holiday.
A. well-informed B. well-earned C. well-paid D. well-being
16. I think his idea _____.
A. worked as a treat B. was excellent treat C. work a treat D. is being treat
17. _____ one after another, parallel computers perform groups of operations at the same time.
A. Conventional computers, by handling tasks B. Since tasks being handled by conventional computers
C. Whereas conventional computers handle tasks D. While tasks handled by conventional computers
18. The football match was televised _____ from the National Stadium.
A. alive B. living C. lively D. live
19. Only _____ Brown would drive a car like that.
A. an B. the C. a D. No article
20. She was asked to _____ the details of the conversation to the court.
A. retell B. react C. recount D. report
21. I can accept criticism in general but Martin _____ it too far, so I had no option but to show my disapproval.
A. push ed B. carried C. made D. put
22. The restaurant is very popular with film stars, artists and the _____.
A. like B. such C. same D. similar
23. Can you _____ me to your parents when you come home?
A. remind B. recall C. remember D. review
24. Many of the current international problems we are now facing _____.
A. linguistic incompetencies B. are because of not understanding themselves
C. lack of the intelligent capabilities of understanding each other D. are the result of misunderstanding
25. With three days to _____ before the high school graduation exam, he had to digest such a lot of facts.
A. go B. come C. remain D. spare
24. “What do you think of the film we’ve just watched?” “__________”
A. It’s a breeze. B. None of your business! C. I’ve seen better. D. No kidding!
25. “Which do you prefer: salted butter or unsalted one?” “__________”
A. Nonsense! B. Anything will do. C. It’s on me. D. You’re the doctor.
26. “Do you have the time?” “__________”
A. My watch has broken. B. It’s about five. C. Never mind! D. I’m quite free now.
V.
27. I only have time to tell you the main idea of it, not the details.
A. twist B. gist C. list D. fist
28. Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.
A. worry about B. get angry about C. get involved in D. look for
VI. OPPOSITE in meaning
29. The real meaning of the poem was obscured by the pretentious language in which it was written
A. apparent B. hidden C. adopting D. transparent
30. We could never get ready for the test at short notice.
A. in good time B. if time permits C. in next to no time D. in our own time
VIII.
Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanity's (35) _____
fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of
many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to
protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to (36) _____ only non-
threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.
A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin.
During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets for tuna fishing in the Pacific
Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic
pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. (37) _____ this effort on
behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have (38) _____ very little to help save the Pacific Ocean
sharks whose population has decreased nearly (39) _____. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, (40)
_____ in the seas for more than 350 million years.
They are extremely efficient animals, (41) _____ wounded or dying animals, thus (42) _____ an important role in
nature of weeding out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have
managed to live in the oceans or so many millions of years is enough (43) _____ of their efficiency and adaptability
to changing environments. It is time for us humans, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are
damaging the planet, to (44) _____ our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a
program for protection of our entire natural environment.
35. A. unclear B. unfounded C. incredible D. unbelievable
36. A. restore B. repair C. regenerate D. reactivate
37. A. In contrast to B. By contrast C. On the contrary D. Contrasting
38. A. acted B. made C. taken D. done
39. A. to the point of the extinction B. to the verge of extinction
C. to the brink of the extinction D. to the extent of extinction
40. A. surviving B. to survive C. having survived D. survived
41. A. eating on B. eating out C. feeding on D. feeding out
42. A. adopting B. performing C. casting D. swapping
43. A. justification B. proof C. evidence D. exhibit
44. A. cast away B. fade away C. wear out D. wear off
IX. .
Carnegie Hall, the famous concert hall in New York City, has again undergone a restoration. While
this is not the first, it is certainly the most extensive in the building's history. As a result of this new
restoration, Carnegie Hall once again has the quality of sound that it had when it was first built.
Carnegie Hall owes its existence to Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy owner of a steel company in
the late 1800s. The hall was finished in 1891 and quickly gained a reputation as an excellent
performing arts hall where accomplished musicians gained fame. Despite its reputation,
however,the concert hall suffered from several detrimental renovations over the years. During the
Great Depression, when fewer people could afford to attend performances, the directors sold part of
the building to commercial businesses. As a result, a coffee shop was opened in one corner of the
building, for which the builders replaced the brick and terra cotta walls with windowpanes. A
renovation in 1946 seriously damaged the acoustical quality of the hall when the makers of the film
Carnegie Hall cut a gaping hole in the dome of the ceiling to allow for lights and air vents. The hole
was later covered with short curtains and a fake ceiling, but the hall never sounded the same
afterwards.
In 1960, the violinist Isaac Stern became involved in restoring the hall after a group of real estate
developers unveiled plans to demolish Carnegie Hall and build a high-rise office building on the
site. This threat spurred Stern to rally public support for Carnegie Hall and encourage the City of
New York to buy the property. The movement was successful, and the concert hall is now owned
by the city. In the current restoration, builders tested each new material for its sound qualities, and
they replaced the hole in the ceiling with a dome. The builders also restored the outer walls to their
original appearance and closed the coffee shop. Carnegie has never sounded better, and its
prospects for the future have never looked more promising.
45. This passage is mainly about
A. changes to Carnegie Hall B. the appearance of Carnegie Hall
C. Carnegie Hall's history during the Great Depression D. damage to the ceiling in Carnegie Hall
46. Who was Andrew Carnegie?
A. mayor of New York City B. a steel mill owner C. an architect D. a violinist
47. The word "extensive" in line 2 could be best replaced by _____.
A. fabulous B. thorough C. devoted D. continuous
48. In line 6, what is the meaning of the word "detrimental"?
A. dangerous B. significant C. extreme D. harmful
49. What major change happened to the hall in 1946?
A. Space in the building was sold to commercial businesses. B. The acoustic dome was damaged.
C. The walls were damaged in an earthquake. D. The stage was renovated.
50. What was Isaac Stern's relationship to Carnegie Hall?
A. He made the movie "Carnegie Hall" in 1946.
B. He performed on opening night in 1891.
C. He tried to save the hall, beginning in 1960.
D. He opened a coffee shop in Carnegie Hall during the Depression.
51. The most important aspect of the recent renovation was probably _____.
A. restoring the outer wall B. restoring the plaster trim C. expanding the lobby D. repairing the ceiling
52. The word “they” in line 16 refers to _____.
A. sound qualities B. each new material C. builders D. outer walls
53. According to the passage, which of the following is true about Carnegie Hall?
A. After being finished in 1891, Carnegie Hall was well-known as an impressive exhibiting arts hall.
B. Carnegie Hall managed to remain its original structure with hardly any damages.
C. Carnegie Hall was going to be pulled down, which pushed Stern to save it.
D. After the success of Stern’s movement, Carnegie Hall belonged to him.
54. How does the author seem to feel about the future of Carnegie Hall?
A. ambiguous B. guarded C. optimistic D. negative

1. No tuition fees are payable in any publicly-maintained school. (CHARGE)

Public-maintained schools
2. He was suspended for two matches for swearing at the referee. (EARNED)
Swearing
3. We have been trying to sell our house for over six months. (SALE)
Our house
4. The idea no longer interests her. (OFF)
She
5. All that stood between John and a gold medal was his rival’s great speed. (WON)
But for
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THPT CHUYÊN LÝ TỰ TRỌNG
26. To get his proposal accepted, the Finance Manager had to _____ heavy pressure from colleagues.
A. fend off B. laugh off C. send off D. push off
27. The football club decided to _____ the team with a couple of world class players.
A. beef up B. butter up C. dredge up D. drum up
28. When I asked her where her brother was, she just _____ her shoulders and looked away.
A. shrugged B. clenched C. rolled D. nodded
29. Unfortunately, as he had no qualifications, all he could find was a _____ job.
A. minor B. petty C. slight D. menial
30. I'm sorry I didn't call you back sooner; it totally _____ my mind.
A. boggled B. slipped C. crossed D. faded
31. I wish I hadn’t said it. If only I could_____.
A. turn the clock round B. turn the clock down C. turn the clock back D. turn the clock forward
32. I can't stand his behaviour. It is very easy for him to _____ off the handle.
A. rush B. jump C. move D. fly
33. Unions accept free accommodation and travel, yet they would scream ___ murder if the same was received by
politicians.
A. red B. blue C. yellow D. black
34. Please _____ these figures to memory, so that you will be able to answer the investors’ questions easily and
confidently.
A. memorise B. recall C. retain D. commit
35. He’s sometimes bad-tempered but he’s a good fellow _____.
A. at heart B. with heart C. by heart D. in heart
36. When it comes to the _____, Alice always supports her friends.
A. point B. crunch C. mark D. crisis
37. The train service has been a _____ since they introduced the new schedules.
A. shambles B. rumpus C. chaos D. fracas
38. Fiona’s offered to help you. Don’t ask why – never look a gift _____ in the mouth.
A. horse B. cow C. deer D. dog
39. That woman sees nothing _____ in letting her children run around as they wish.
A. awry B. amiss C. afraid D. alike
40. It looks like she’s really _____ with her successful new business.
A. closing a deal B. moving on up C. breaking it even D. raking it in
41. Your rental agreement _____ states that no pets are allowed in the building.
A. explicitly B. credibly C. mildly D. decently
42. There is still a lot of (SCEPTIC) _____ in the team despite my assurances.
43.Alvin met the genial master poet Langston Hughes, who became a lifelong friend and (CONFIDE) ____.
44. There is an (SPEAK)_____ recognition of a certain disposition or habitus among the social classes.
45. It has to be said it was rather (GENUS) _____ of him to ask a complete stranger to look after his luggage.
46. He was a modest and (ASSUME) _____ man who never gave the impression that he knew all the answers.
47. The one thing that can be said in favour is that it sends vegans and animal rights activists (CANDLE) _____
with rage

Dogs can (48)_____ a range of impressive skills in their portfolio, from leading the blind to carrying out mountain
rescues to (49)_____ those with contraband goods at border control posts. Unquestionably, they have extremely
(50)_____ senses compared to humans and recently, scientists have been investigating the precise (51)_____ of
their talents in relation specifically to their sense of smell. In short, they wanted to find out if man’s best friend
could sniff out cancer.
Indeed, this notion has been around for a while, (52)_____ on the internet for the most part, where anecdotal
evidence abounds in the form of countless stories of family dogs persistently smelling certain areas of their owner’s
body, areas later shown to be cancerous. However, whilst the canine sense of smell is unquestionably (53)_____,
thus far at least, there appears to be little scientific basis for a canine cancer screening program.
The problem is that whilst studies have shown that dogs are right about cancer more often than could be explained
by pure chance, their (54)_____ rates are not high enough to make them reliable for screening purposes.
Therefore, sadly, whilst man’s best friend undoubtedly has some very impressive tricks in his repertoire, he will not
be turning up in cancer units any time soon other than to comfort his loved ones in their time of (55)_____.
48. A. boast B. praise C. brag D. applaud
49. A. recommending B. condescending C. comprehending D. apprehending
50. A. broadened B. lengthened C. aggravated D. heightened
51. A. length B. extent C. coverage D. dimension
52. A. perpetuated B. commemorated C. conserved D. reserved
53. A. astounding B. resounding C. compounding D. abounding
54. A. identification B. recognition C. detection D. diagnosis
55. A. distress B. appeasement C. harassment D. agitation

The game of solving difficult puzzles has always filled people with the feeling of a profound excitement.No
wonder, then, that the fascination of treasure hunting has invariably been associated with the possibility of (56)
_____ the most improbable dreams. According to what the psychologists claim, there is a little boy in every treasure
hunter. Yet, the chase of hidden valuables has recently become a serious venture with amateur and professional
seekers (57) _____ with highly sophisticated devices like metal detectors, radars, sonars or underwater cameras.
What raises the adrenaline (58) _____ in these treasure-obsessed fanatics are legends, myths, old maps and other
variety of clues promising immeasurable fortunes (59) _____ beneath the earth's surface or drowned in the ancient
galleys. For many treasure hunters the struggle of hint searching is even more stimulating than digging out a
treasure trove composed of golden or silver objects, jewellery and other priceless artefacts. The job is, (60) _____,
extremely strenuous as even the most puzzling clues must be thoroughly analysed. Failures and misinterpretations
occur quite frequently, too. Yet, even the most unlikely clue or the smallest find is (61) _____ to reinforce the
hunter's self-confidence and passion. Indeed,the delight in treasure finding doesn't always depend on acquiring
tremendous amounts of valuables. (62)_____ is detected, be it a rusty sundial or a marble statue, brings joy and
reward after a long and exhaustingsearch.

COMMUNICATING WITH THE FUTURE

In the 1980s, the United States Department of Energy was looking for suitable sites to bury radioactive waste
material generated by its nuclear energy programs. The government was considering burying the dangerous
wastes in deep underground chambers in remote desert areas. The problem, however, was that nuclear waste
remains highly radioactive for thousands of years. The commission entrusted with tackling the problem of waste
disposal was aware that the dangers posed by radioactive emissions must be communicated to our descendants of
at least 10,000 years hence. So the task became one of finding a way to tell future societies about the risk posed
by these deadly deposits.
Of course, human society in the distant future may be well aware of the hazards of radiation. Technological
advances may one day provide the solutions to this dilemma. But the belief in constant technological advancement
is based on our perceptions of advances made throughout history and prehistory. We cannot be sure that society
won’t have slipped backward into an age of barbarism due to any of several catastrophic events, whether the result
of nature such as the onset of a new ice age or perhaps mankind’s failure to solve the scourges of war and pollution.
In the event of global catastrophe, it is quite possible that humans of the distant future will be on the far side of a
broken link of communication and technological understanding.
The problem then becomes how to inform our descendants that they must avoid areas of potential radioactive
seepage given that they may not understand any currently existing language and may have no historical or cultural
memory. So, any message indicated to future reception and decipherment must be as universally understandable as
possible.
It was soon realized by the specialists assigned the task of devising the communication system that material in
which the message was written might not physically endure the great lengths of time demanded. The second law
of thermodynamics shows that all material disintegrates over time. Even computers that might carry the message
cannot be expected to endure long enough. Besides, electricity supplies might not be available in 300 generations.
Other media storage methods were considered and rejected for similar reasons.
The task force under the linguist Thomas Sebeok finally agreed that no foolproof way would be found to send a
message across so many generations and have it survive physically and be decipherable by a people with few
cultural similarities to us. Given this restriction, Sebeok suggested the only possible solution was the formation of a
committee of guardians of knowledge. Its task would be to dedicate itself to maintaining and passing the knowledge
of the whereabouts and dangers of the nuclear waste deposits. This so-called atomic priesthood would be entrusted
with keeping knowledge of this tradition alive through millennia and developing the tradition into a kind of
mythical taboo forbidding people to tamper in a way with the nuclear waste sites. Only the initiated atomic
priesthood of experts would have the scientific knowledge to fully understand the danger. Those outside the
priesthood would be kept away by a combination of rituals and legends designed to warn off intruders.This proposal
has been criticized because of the possibility of a break in continuity of the original message. Furthermore, there is
no guarantee that any warning or sanction passed on for millennia would be obeyed, nor that it could survive with
its original meaning intact. To counterbalance this possibility,Sebeok’s group proposed a “relay system” in which
information is passed on over relatively short periods of time, just three generations ahead. The message then to be
renewed and redesigned if necessary for the following three generations and so on over the required time span. In
this way information could be relayed into the future and avoid the possibility of physical degradation.
A second defect is more difficult to dismiss, however. This is the problem of social exclusiveness brought about
through possession of vital knowledge. Critics point out that the atomic priesthood could use its secret knowledge to
control those who are scientifically ignorant. The establishment of such an association of insiders holding powerful
knowledge not available except in mythic form to non-members would be a dangerous precedent for future social
developments.
63. The word “chambers” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. partitions B. openings C. cavities D. fissures
64. What problem faced the commission assigned to deal with the burial of nuclear waste?
A. How to reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste materials
B. How to form a committee that could adequately express various nuclear risks
C. How to notify future generations of the risks of nuclear contamination
D. How to choose burial sites so as to minimize dangers to people
65. In paragraph 2, the author explains the possible circumstances of future societies ______.
A. to warn about the possible natural catastrophe B. to question the value of advances
C. to highlight humankind's inability to resolve problems
D. to demonstrate the reason nuclear hazards must be communicated
66. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the second law of thermodynamics ______.
A. to support the view that nuclear waste will disperse with time
B. to show that knowledge can be sustained over millennia
C. to give the basic scientific reason behind the breakdown of material objects
D. to contrast the potential life span of knowledge with that of material objects
67. In paragraph 5, why is the proposed committee of guardians referred to as the “atomic priesthood”?
A. Because they would be an exclusive group with knowledge about nuclear waste sites.
B. Because they would use rituals and legends to maintain their exclusiveness.
C. Because they would be an exclusive religious order.
D. Because they would develop mythical taboos surrounding their traditions.
68. According to paragraph 7, the second defect of the atomic priesthood proposal is that it could lead to ______.
A. the nonmembers turning knowledge into dangerous mythical forms
B. the possible misuse of exclusive knowledge C. the establishment of a scientifically ignorant society
D. the priesthood’s criticism of points concerning vital knowledge
69. All of the followings are mentioned in the passage as difficulties in devising a communication system
with the future EXCEPT ______.
A. the failure to maintain communication link B. the loss of knowledge about today’s civilization
C. the inability of materials to endure over time D. the exclusiveness of priesthood

HELP GUIDE US THROUGH THE UNIVERSE

Sir Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal, launches this year's Young Science Writer competition If you ask scientists
what they're doing, the answer won't be “Finding the origin of the universe”, “Seeking the cure for cancer” or
suchlike. It will involve something very specialised, a small piece of the jigsaw that builds up the big picture.
70.
So, unless they are cranks or geniuses, scientists don't shoot directly for a grand goal - they focus on bitesized
problems that seem timely and tractable. But this strategy (though prudent) carries an occupational risk: they may
forget they're wearing blinkers and fail to see their own work in its proper perspective.
71.
I would personally derive far less satisfaction from my research if it interested only a few other academics. But
presenting one's work to non-specialists isn't easy. We scientists often do it badly, although the experience helps us
to see our work in a broader context. Journalists can do it better, and their efforts can put a key discovery in
perspective, converting an arcane paper published in an obscure journal into a tale that can inspire others.
72.
On such occasions, people often raise general concerns about the way science is going and the impact it may have;
they wonder whether taxpayers get value for money from the research they support. More intellectual audiences
wonder about the basic nature of science: how objective can we be? And how creative? Is science genuinely a
progressive enterprise? What are its limits and are we anywhere near them? It is hard to explain, in simple language,
even a scientific concept that you understand well. My own (not always effective) attempts have deepened my
respect for science reporters, who have to assimilate quickly, with a looming deadline, a topic they may be quite
unfamiliar with.
73.
It's unusual for science to earn newspaper headlines. Coverage that has to be restricted to crisp newsworthy
breakthroughs in any case distorts the way science develops. Scientific advances are usually gradual and
cumulative, and better suited to feature articles, or documentaries - or even books, for which the latent demand is
surprisingly strong. For example, millions bought A Brief History of Time, which caught the public imagination.
74.
Nevertheless, serious hooks do find a ready market. That's the good news for anyone who wants to enter this
competition. But books on pyramidology, visitations by aliens, and suchlike do even better: a symptom of a
fascination with the paranormal and 'New Age' concepts. It is depressing that these are often featured uncritically in
the media, distracting attention from more genuine advances.
This may be because, for non-specialists, it is tricky to demarcate well-based ideas from flaky speculation.But its
crucially important not to blur this distinction when writing articles for a general readership.Otherwise credulous
readers may take too much on trust,whereas hard-nosed skeptics may reject all scientific claims,without
appreciating that some have firm empirical support. Most scientists are quite ordinary, and their lives unremarkable.
But occasionally they exemplify the link between genius and madness;these “eccentrics” are more enticing
biographees.
75.
There seems, gratifyingly, to be no single “formula” for science writing - many themes are still underexploited.
Turning out even 700 words seems a daunting task if you're faced with a clean sheet of paper or a blank screen, but
less so if you have done enough reading and interviewing on a subject to become inspired. For research students
who enter the competition, science (and how you do it) is probably more interesting than personal autobiography.
But if, in later life, you become both brilliant and crazy, you can hope that someone else writes a best-seller about
you.
Missing Paragraphs:
A. However, over-sensational claims are a hazard for them. Some researchers themselves “hype up” new
discoveries to attract press interest. Maybe it matters little what people believe about Darwinism or cosmology. But
we should be more concerned that misleading or over-confident claims on any topic of practical import don't gain
wide currency. Hopes of miracle cures can be raised; risks can be either exaggerated, or else glossed over for
commercial pressures. Science popularisers perhaps even those who enter this competition - have to be as skeptical
of some scientific claims as journalists routinely are of politicians.
B. Despite this there's a tendency in recent science waiting to be chatty, laced with gossip and biographical detail.
But are scientists as interesting as their science? The lives of Albert Einstein and Richard Feyman are of interest, but
is that true of the routine practitioner?
C. Two mathematicians have been treated as such in recent books: Paul Erdos, the obsessive itinerant Hungarian
(who described himself as “a machine for turning coffee into theorems”) and John Nash, a pioneer of game theory,
who resurfaced in his sixties, after 30 years of insanity, to receive a Nobel prize.
D. For example, the American physicist Robert Wilson spent months carrying out meticulous measurements with a
microwave antenna which eventually revealed the “afterglow of creation” - the “echo” of the Big Bang with which
our universe began. Wilson was one of the rare scientists with the luck and talent to make a really great discovery,
but afterwards he acknowledged that its importance didn't sink in until he read a “popular” description of it in the
New York Times.
E. More surprising was the commercial success of Sir Roger Penrose's The Emperor's New Mind. This is a
fascinating romp through Penrose's eclectic enthusiasms - enjoyable and enlightening. But it was a surprising best
seller, as much of it is heavy going. The sates pitch “great scientist says mind is more than a mere machine” was
plainly alluring. Many who bought it must have got a nasty surprise when they opened it.
F. But if they have judged right, it won't be a trivial problem - indeed it will be the most difficult that they are likely
to make progress on. The great zoologist Sir Peter Medawar famously described scientific work as “the art of the
soluble”. “Scientists”, he wrote, “get no credit for failing to solve a problem beyond their capacities. They earn at
best the kindly contempt reserved for utopian politicians.”
G. Such a possibility is one reason why this competition to encourage young people to take up science writing is so
important and why I am helping to launch it today. Another is that popular science writing can address wider issues.
When I give talks about astronomy and cosmology, the questions that interest people most are the truly
“fundamental” ones that I can't answer: “Is there life in space? Is the universe infinite?” or “Why didn't the Big
Bang happen sooner?”

READING THE SCREEN

Are the electronic media exacerbating illiteracy and making our children stupid? On the contrary, says Collin
McCabe, they have the potential to make us truly literate.
The debate surrounding literacy is one of the most charged in education. On the one hand, there is an army of
people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining. On the other, a host of progressives
protest that literacy is much more complicated than a simple technical mastery of reading and writing. This second
position is supported by most of the relevant academic work over the past 20 years. These studies argue that literacy
can only be understood in its social and technical context. In Renaissance England, for example, many more people
could read than could write,and within reading there was a distinction between those who could read print and those
who could manage the more difficult task of reading manuscript. An understanding of these earlier periods helps us
understand today's “crisis in literacy”debate. There does seem to be evidence that there has been an overall decline
in some aspects of reading and writing - you only need to compare the tabloid newspapers of today with those of 50
years ago to see a clear decrease in vocabulary and simplification of syntax. But the picture is not uniform and
doesn't readily demonstrate the simple distinction between literate and illiterate which had been considered adequate
since the middle of the 19th century.
While reading a certain amount of writing is as crucial as it has ever been in industrial societies, it is doubtful
whether a fully extended grasp of either is as necessary as it was 30 or 40 years ago. While print retains much of its
authority as a source of topical information, television has increasingly usurped this role. The ability to write fluent
letters has been undermined by the telephone and research suggests that for many people the only use for writing,
outside formal education, is the compilation of shopping lists.
The decision of some car manufacturers to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a
handbook might be taken to spell the end of any automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other
hand, it is also the case that ever-increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing, which is better
rewarded than ever before. Schools are generally seen as institutions where the book rules - film, television and
recorded sound have almost no place; but it is not clear that this opposition is appropriate. While you may not need
to read and write to watch television, you certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programmes.
Those who work in the new media are anything but illiterate. The traditional oppositions between old and new
media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. The computer has re-
established a central place for the written word on the screen, which used to be entirely devoted to the image. There
is even anecdotal evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet. There is
no reason why the new and old media cannot be integrated in schools to provide the skills to become economically
productive and politically enfranchised.
Nevertheless, there is a crisis in literacy and it would be foolish to ignore it. To understand that literacy may be
declining because it is less central to some aspects of everyday life is not the same as acquiescing in this state of
affairs. The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How
should these new technologies be introduced into the schools? It isn't enough to call for computers, camcorders and
edit suites in every classroom; unless they are properly integrated into the educational culture, they will stand
unused. Evidence suggests that this is the fate of most information technology used in the classroom. Similarly,
although media studies are now part of the national curriculum, and more and more students are now clamouring to
take these course, teachers remain uncertain about both methods and aims in this area.
This is not the fault of the teachers. The entertainment and information industries must be drawn into a debate with
the educational institutions to determine how best to blend these new technologies into the classroom.
Many people in our era are drawn to the pessimistic view that the new media are destroying old skills and eroding
critical judgment. It may be true that past generations were more literate but - taking the pre-19th century meaning
of the term - this was true of only a small section of the population. The word literacy is a 19th-century coinage to
describe the divorce of reading and writing from a full knowledge of literature.The education reforms of the 19th
century produced reading and writing as skills separable from full participation in the cultural heritage.
The new media now point not only to a futuristic cyber-economy, they also make our cultural past available to the
whole nation. Most children's access to these treasures is initially through television. It is doubtful whether our
literary heritage has ever been available to or sought out by more than about 5 per cent of the population; it has
certainly not been available to more than 10 per cent. But the new media joined to the old,through the public service
tradition of British broadcasting, now makes our literary tradition available to all.
Questions 76-77: Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes.
76. When discussing the debate on literacy in education, the writer notes that _____.
A. children cannot read and write as well as they used to
B. academic work has improved over the last 20 years
C. there is evidence that literacy is related to external factors
D. there are opposing arguments that are equally convincing
77. At the end of the article, the writer is suggesting that _____.
A. literature and culture cannot be divorced
B. the term “literacy” has not been very useful
C. 10 per cent of the population never read literature
D. our exposure to cultural information is likely to increase
Questions 78-82: Do the following statements agree with the view of the writer in the reading passage?
Write
TRUE (T) if the statement is true
FALSE (F) if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the
(NG) passage
78. It is not as easy to analyse literacy levels as it used to be.
79. Our literacy skills need to be as highly developed as they were in the past.
80. Illiteracy is on the increase.
81. A good literacy level is important for those who work in television.
82. Computers are having a negative impact on literacy in schools.

83. You should never make fun of people who have serious problems. MOCK
 It’s wrong ……………………………………………………………………………………… afflicted.
84. They could play on the computer for as long as they wanted to. HEARTS
 They were allowed ……………………………………………………………..……………….. content.
85. Harry knows about the new regulations so let’s ask him. BRAINS
 Let’s …………………………………………………………………………………the new regulations.
86. I managed to persuade John not to resign. TALK
 I managed ……………………………………………………………….……….…………… resigning.
87. Why did you have to cause so much trouble over something so unimportant? DANCE
 Why did you have to ……………………………………………………….. something so unimportant?
88. Tom didn’t understand the situation and so made a terrible mistake. STICK
 Tom …………………………………………………..…………………. and so made a terrible mistake.
89. Ray’s good work record enabled him to get promotion. STRENGTH
 Ray ………………………………………………………….…………………….. his good work record.
90. Time is precious, so can we please hurry? SHORT
 We………………………………………………………………………………., so can we please hurry?
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CHUYÊN NGUYỄN TRÃI
27. You say you need new clothes but your wardrobe is full to ________ with dresses.
A. overflowing B. overfilling C. overlaying D. overstepping
27. The economic situation makes many people unwilling to take the ________ and open their own businesses
A. initiative B. bull C. plunge D. opportunity
28. Looking after a house, four children, a lazy husband and two dogs is real ________.
A. labour B. drudgery C. toil D. grind
29. Serena is still _______ ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant.
A. blissfully B. decorously C. jubilantly D. ecstatically
30. I'm afraid we got our _______ crossed — I thought my husband would be picking up the children and he
thought I was doing it.
A. minds B. purposes C. wires D. fingers
31. Marlene is quite _______ - I don't know she manages to fit everything in.
A. inexhaustible B. tiresome C. inexorable D. indefatigable
32. The princess's nanny's autobiography really gives the _______ on life among the royals.
A. show-down B. know-how C. low-down D. look-out
33. Anyone who lies under oath will be charged with _______ the course of justice.
A. perverting B. inverting C. converting D. diverting
34. You can try reformatting your computer, but once you open that _____, you'll probably be working on it for
days.
A. apple of discord B. can of worms C. load of cobblers D. spot of bother
35. I've searched ________ for that old photo album, but I can't find it anywhere.
A. high and low B. long and short C. straight and narrow D. thick and thin
36. Sheila swore that she would ________ after she figured out that I had started the rumor about her.
A. fight shy of me B. get even with me C. lie heavy on me D. run afoul of me
37. As a celebrity he was rather unusual in that he preferred to ________ the limelight in as much as was possible.
A. gorge B. renege C. milk D. shun
38. ________, the diners settled the bill and left the restaurant.
A. Having hunger satisfied B. Their hunger satisfied C. Hunger been satisfied D. Satisfying their hunger
39. I don’t like the way that Jack is always trying to ________ trouble between us.
A. dish out B. rub up C. stir up D. spark out
40. Most sociologists agree that the problem of discrimination is not ______ to any country.
A. original B. peculiar C. particular D. typical

The Net Generation have grown up in an environment (0. SIGNIFY) significantly______ different from
the one most higher education faculty, staff, and administrators experienced during their
(41.DEVELOP)______ years. Such changes have caused higher education institutions to examine its
policies, practices, and application of information systems to create more efficient operations and more
effective student services. Therefore, the need to provide improved student support services has never
beengreater. In recent years, the cost of higher education has continued to increase, often (42.
PACE)______other economic indicators. As tuition increases, external pressures from students, parents,
legislators, and alumni to contain costs mount. At the same time, Net Generation students expect
improved and comprehensive services from the academy.
The (43. AVAILABLE)______ of technological solutions for student services has been maximized.The
plethora of enterprise-wide solutions, outsourcing opportunities, and on-campus development tools
provide a wide range of options for the design and (44. DEPLOY)______ of responsive student services.
Although the delivery of student services is not about technology, it is about using technology
wisely.The use of technology requires a strong partnership between service providers and technologists.
The Net Generation's expectations for student services are high and rising. The opportunities for us to
respond toand even exceed-these expectations are equally (45. BOUND)______.

FOOD PRODUCTION VERSUS BIODIVERSITY

A life of poverty and famine is all too common a problem in Africa. For the foreseeable (46)______, it
would seem that agricultural development provides the only means of alleviating the situation and the
prospect of agricultural expansion is certainly welcome, if, however, (47)______ to sustainability are to be
avoided. Any (48)______ development will need to be carefully managed. For example, although Africa
retains much of its biodiversity, agricultural expansion into sensitive areas could (49)______ aggravate
declines that are already becoming apparent. Increased agricultural production is needed to (50)______
the world's growing population but brings with it the risk of knock-on (51)______, such as an increase in
greenhouse gas emissions. Every such increase (52)______ us closer to an ecological crisis point and so
puts added pressure (53)______ the global life-support systems upon which agriculture (54)______
depends. Such tensions are, of course, by no means unique to Africa and new approaches to the
problem are clearly needed on a (55)______ scale.

THINK HAPPY
It’s no joke: even scientists at the Royal Society are now taking the search for the source of
happiness very seriously
A. What would Sir Isaac Newton have made of it? There he was, painted in oils, gazing down at one of
the strangest meetings that the Royal Society, Britain’s most august scientific body, has ever held. If
Newton had flashed a huge grin, it would have been completely appropriate, for beneath him last week a
two-day conference was unfolding on a booming new field of science:investigating what makes people
happy. Distinguished professors strode up to the podium,including one eminent neurologist armed with
videos of women giggling at comedy films; another was a social scientist brandishing statistics on
national cheerfulness. Hundreds of other researchers sat scribbling notes on how to produce more
smiles.
B. The decision by the Royal Society to pick ‘the science of wellbeing’ from hundreds of applications for
conferences on other topics is no laughing matter. It means that the investigation of what makes people
happy is being taken very seriously indeed. ‘Many philosophies and religions have studied this subject,
but scientifically it has been ignored,’ said Dr Nick Baylis, a Cambridge University psychologist and one of
the conference organizers. ‘For the Royal Society to give us its countenance is vital, because that states
that what we are doing deserves to be acknowledged and investigated by the best scientific minds.’
C. At first sight, the mission of Baylis –and the growing number of other scientists working on happiness
research – appears fanciful. They want to deploy scientifically rigorous methods to determine why some
people are lastingly happy while others tend to misery. Then they envisage spreading the secret of
happiness across the globe and, in short, increasing the sum of human happiness. ‘If someone is happy,
they are more popular and also healthier, they live longer and are more productive at work. So it is very
much worth having,’ he says.
D. Baylis, the only ‘positive psychology’ lecturer in Britain, knows that the aims of happiness research
might sound woolly, so he is at pains to distance himself from the brigades of nonacademic self-help
gurus. He refers to ‘life satisfaction’ and ‘wellbeing’ and emphasizes that his work, and that of others at
the conference, is grounded in solid research. So what have the scientists discovered – has a theory of
happiness been defined yet?
E. According to Professor Martin Seligman, probably the world’s leading figure in this field, happiness
could be but a train ride – and a couple of questionnaires – away. It was Seligman, a psychologist from
Pennsylvania University, who kick-started the happiness science movement with a speech he made as
President of the American Psychological Association (APA). Why, asked Seligman, shocking delegates
at an APA conference, does science only investigate suffering? Why not look into what steps increase
happiness, even for those who are not depressed, rather than simply seek to assuage pain? For a less
well-known scientist, the speech could have spelt the end of a career, but instead Seligman landed
funding of almost £18m to follow his hunch. He has been in regular contact with hundreds of other
researchers and practicing psychologists around the world, all the while conducting polls and devising
strategies for increasing happiness.
F. His findings have led him to believe that there are three main types of happiness. First, there is ‘the
pleasant life’ – the kind of happiness we usually gain from sensual pleasures such as eating and drinking
or watching a good film. Seligman blames Hollywood and the advertising industry for encouraging the
rest of us, wrongly as he sees it, to believe that lasting happiness is to be found that way. Second, there
is ‘the good life’, which comes from enjoying something we are good or talented at. The key to this,
Seligman believes, lies in identifying our strengths and then taking part in an activity that uses them.
Third, there is ‘the meaningful life’. The most lasting happiness, Seligman says, comes from finding
something you believe in and then putting your strengths at its service. People who are good at
communicating with others might thus find longlasting happiness through becoming involved in politics or
voluntary work, while a rock star wanting to save the world might find it in organizing a charity concert.
G. Achieving ‘the good life’ and ‘the meaningful life’ is the secret of lasting happiness, Seligman says. For
anybody unsure of how to proceed, he has an intriguing idea. To embark on the road to happiness, he
suggests that you need a pen, some paper and, depending on your location, a railway ticket. First,
identify a person to whom you feel a deep debt of gratitude but have never thanked properly. Next, write
a 300-word essay outlining how important the help was and how much you appreciate it. Then tell them
you need to visit, without saying what for, turn up at their
house and read them the essay. The result: tears, hugs and deeper, longer-lasting happiness,
apparently, than would come from any amount of champagne.
H. Skeptics may insist that science will always remain a clumsy way of investigating and propagating
happiness and say that such things are better handled by artists, writers and musicians – if they can be
handled at all. And not everybody at the conference was positive about the emerging science. Lewis
Wolpert, professor of biology as applied to medicine at University College London, who has written a
bestseller about his battle with depression, said: ‘If you were really totally happy, I’d be very suspicious. I
think you wouldn’t do anything, you’d just sort of sit there in a treacle of happiness. There’s a whole world
out there, and unless you have a bit of discomfort, you’ll never actually do anything.

56. A view that complete happiness may not be a desirable goal.

57. A reference to the potential wider outcomes of conducting research into happiness.
58. An implication of the fact that the conference was held at all.
59. A statement concerning the possible outcome of expressing a certain view in public

The Ikea Museum

There is no mistaking the Ikea Museum. The room sets for each decade are arranged inside giant
cardboard boxes. One glass cabinet is dedicated to a single meatball on a fork. Another displays a
humble Allen key, giver of life to flat-pack furniture.
70.
All the furnishing heroes of the company's 73-year history are here.There is a black leather Klippan sofa
from 1984,just five years after the bestselling couch was launched-initially to a lukewarm response. There
is a Poem chair from 1977, with its gracefully bent wooden arms - it would later become the much-loved
Poang-and the Bra wardrobe and those stalwarts of small storage solutions,the Moppe plywood boxes
71.
Ikea has undoubtedly contributed to the evolution of furniture design, not only by tapping into a classic
Scandinavian ethos of clean line, and unity of form and function, all while maintaining low prices, but also
in its search for cheaper and, in recent years, more sustainable materials. The Moment table, from the
1980s, for instance, has bent metal legs inspired by shopping trolleys.
72.
Not everything works, but the museum charts even the company's failures with an air of pragmatism and
pride. As museums go, Ikea's is fairly introspective. It's a bit like being stuck inside any Ikea.There is just
too much stuff from Ikea. More exploration of the brand's interaction with the larger world of design would
be welcome.
73.
Ikea's headquarters are also here in the quiet town of Almhult; many of the 9,000 residents have a
working connection to the chain. On campus, the blend of precision and sprawl is familiar from any of the
company's stores.
74.
Ikea here is a kind of faith, a belief system. Take Cia Eriksson. She fell in love with Ikea when her parents
took her on a spree to the Malmo store for her 10th birthday. More than 30 years on, she can still list her
haul that day: Tura, a desk in white, a white bedframe with lots of cushions, curtains, a Billy bookcase.
When her dream came true and she joined the company in 1986, she bought two Klippan sofas, still
going strong in her lounge, though she has changed their covers at least 15 times. The museum's
curator, Sofie Bergkvist, acquired her first pieces at around the same time.She remembers a stool in the
shape of a flower.
It sounds as if, between them, they could almost assemble a museum from their own belongings.Actually,
Eriksson says, it was pretty hard tracking down all the pieces. The Ikea archive held only 20 percent of
the exhibits they wanted to include. Everything else had to be bought - a labour that took their colleague
Thea Davidsson two-and-a- half years.
75.
The first thing she did was to map chairs, tables, lamps and so on, creating a folder of images for each
one, of every article Ikea had ever made. Then she set about scouring eBay, Tradera (a Swedish auction
site) and flea markets.
76.
A boring carpet from the 80s, Davidsson says with a shrug - you can tell she hasn't worked for Ikea for
long. She had to make the five-hour drive to Stockholm to tick that one off the list. Some items were still
in their boxes, flatpacks intact. It's bizarre to think of Ikea buying back its furniture and selfassembling
them for posterity. But at least most finds came cheaply. When Davidsson used to work at an auction
house, Ikea furniture and accessories never came up. They didn't even accept them.But over the past
year, that has begun to change. Now He sees Ikea things on auction sites all the time. Sweden, she
thinks, is learning to appreciate its design achievements.

A. At a certain point in the exhibition, oak appears - a cheaper resource discovered in Poland after teak
became too expensive. Then came pine, particle board and the chunky layers of glued veneer that the
company's head of design, Marcus Engman, says he is currently trying to make much thinner
B. Road signs specify distances to the metre hotel 184m, gym 229m, but somehow places are still hard
to find. Ikea's newly launched bicycles are propped against lampposts. Not bicycles, but transport
systems, according to Engman. There is even an Ikea bank.
C. There are surprises, too. The first room shows wooden armchairs from the few years between the
company's conception and its espousal of self-assembly. With their robust refusal to pack flat, they seem
like a chapter from a different story.
D. The museum includes a giftshop and restaurant, so there will be meatballs aplenty to add to the 1bn
sold worldwide. They have been going to people's homes many times over the years and now it's time to
pay back, to welcome them back. But, of course, the payback carries an admission charge of 60 Swedish
krona for adults, 40 for children, and a discount for a year's pass
E. When she started, fresh from working in an auction house, she didn't know the names of any of
the products, not even what a Billy was.
F. The museum, housed on the site of the chain's first store in Almhult, in southern Sweden, is a
celebration of everything Ikea. Even the original concrete floor, scuffed and scarred, proves Ikea's work
ethic, economy and longevity, according to our tour guide.
G. Instead, the insularity can make the company appear Willy Wonka-ish. A corridor of multicoloured
marvels of design, from doorknobs to hooks and chairs and fake grass, greets the visitor and, according
to the museum's creative manager, Cia Eriksson, represents constantly being on the way.
H. The hardest items to find were a glass lamp designed by Tapio Wirkkala eventually won on a UK
auction site for around $300 and rugs, such as the one beside the Klippan sofa in the 1980s room set.

REALITY OR VIRTUAL REALITY

To know where information technology is takin us is impossible. The law of unintended consequences
governs all technological revolutions. IN 1438, Johanne Gutenberg wanted a cheaper way to produce
hand-written Bibles. His movable type fostered a spread in literacy, an advance in scientific knowledge
and the emergence of the industrial revolution.
Although no one can predict the full effect of the current information revolution, we can see changes in
our daily lives. Look in any classroom. Today's teachers know they have to make lessons fast-moving
and entertaining for children raised on television and computer gamesOften the changes that accompany
new information technology are so subtle that we barely notice them. Before the written word, people
relied on their memories. Before telephones, more people knew the pleasure of writing and receiving
letters. Before television and computers, people had a stronger sense of community, a greater
attachment to neighbourhoods and families.Television has glued us to our homes, isolating us from other
human beings. Only one-quarter of all Americans know their next-door neighbours. Our communities will
become less intimate and more isolated as we earn degrees, begin romances and gossip on the Internet,
a world-wide system that allows computers to communicate with one another. The age of software will
offer more games,home banking, electronic shopping, video on demand and a host of other services that
unplug us from physical contact.
Is meeting face-to-face more valuable than corresponding electronically? Some neighbours still stop by
when a family crisis occurs, but other people will offer condolences via email. Whichever we prefer, the
electronic seems to represent the future. Television teaches many of us to favour the image over the
actual. The Internet pushes life beyond the old physical barriers of time and space. Here you can roam
around the world without leaving home, make new friends,exchange the results of laboratory experiments
with a colleague overseas, read stock prices, buy clothes, stay out of the office, conducting business via
a computer that becomes your virtual office. Virtual community.Virtual travel. Virtual love. A new reality.
William Gibson, whose 1984 novel, "Neuromancer" pioneered the notion of virtual living, now says that
electronic communication provides a "sensory expansion for the species by allowing people to
experience an extraordinary array of things while staying geographically in the same spot." Gibson warns,
however, that the virtual can only augment our physical reality, never replace it. He applauds the
countermove toward what has been called "skin" - shorthand for contact with other humans.
The desire for skin can be seen in shopping centres - people want human contact even when they
could buy things via television or the telephone. Although computers and fax machines make it easier to
work at home, business areas continue to grow. More people than ever are crowding into major cities, in
large part because companies that provide goods and services benefit from being together on a personal
level with other people.
Need for skin does not negate the electronic screen's power to mesmerise.No brain scan or biochemical
study has identified a physical basis for our seemingly insatiable hunger for electronic stimulation.
Computers are often more alluring than television, which already has a grip on us.Young people today
spend about as much time in front of a television as in a classroom.Technology promises more and more
information for less and less effort. As we hear these promises, we must balance faith in technology with
faith in ourselves. Wisdom and insight often not come from keeping up-to-date with technology or
compiling facts but from quiet reflection. What we hold most valuable - things like morality and
compassion - can be found only within us. While embracing the future, we can remain loyal to our
unchanging humanity.
77. What does the writer say about technological revolutions in the first paragraph?
A. Industrial revolution will follow them. B. They are followed by unforeseen results.
C. It's not easy to foster them. D. They help the spread of literacy.
78. What was one of the unplanned benefits of Guntenberg's invention?
A. an increase in scientific experiments B. the spread of industry
C. the fact that more people learned to read and write D. the fact that movable type became available.
79. What, until recently, characterized people before television and computers?
A. They had better memories. B. They were very attached to writing letters.
C. They had more direct contact with the people around them.
D. They knew other human beings in the street.
80. Gibson believes that ______.
A. the Internet is merely a supplement to the real world
B. the Internet corresponds with our idea of what the real world is like
C. electronic communication will contribute to the expansion of the species
D. electronic communication should replace direct contact with other people
81. What social trend demonstrates that humans will seek out other humans?
A. the spread of technology to the home B. the development of business areas and cities
C. the provision of services by companies D. the rise of good employee relationships
82. According to the writer, the electronic screen has the ability to ______.
A. make us desire human contact B. hold our attention completely
C. make us watch too much television D. facilitate the need for electronic stimulation
83. In the writer's view, whilst willingly accepting the future we should ______.
A. try not to change humanity B. always have faith in technology
C. keep up to date with the latest technology and information
D. not lose sight of the importance of our own mental abilities and moral values

When LL Zamenhof constructed the auxiliary language of Esperanto in the late 1880s, he did so with
certain key goals in mind: to (96) _______ the study of language easier and more learnerfriendly; and to
develop a universal language as a means of international communication and as a (97)____ for
promoting concord and understanding in a (98) _______ world. His goals were influenced very much by
his own experiences of growing up in Bialystok, which is part of modern-day Poland. A multitude of
different ethnic groups lived there at the time and were constantly (99)_______ with each one another. It
was this at which Zamenhof despaired, and he reasoned that the
(100) _______ cause of dispute was the barriers to communication present on account of the lack of a
common language. Therefore, he set out to create one: Esperanto.His goals were incredibly ambitious,
but was the new language a success? Well, in so far as it is the most widely spoken artificial one in
existence today, with an estimated two-plus-million people worldwide fluent to some (101) _______, you
would have to say yes. However, the fact remains that Esperanto has not (102) _______ English as the
lingua franca of international communication, nor has it been nearly so widely (103) _______ as
Zamenhof himself would have hoped. Therefore, judged against Zamenhof’s own (104) _______
ambitions for the language, the conclusion could not be in the affirmative. That said, his intentions in
building an entirely new language were incredibly noteworthy and that the language has (105) _______
even to the extent that it has done, with millions of active speakers, is, in and of itself quite remarkable.
96. A. render B. prove C. adjust D. portray
97. A. scheme B. utensil C. device D. mechanism
98. A. discordant B. analogous C. congruent D. comparable
99. A. debating B. disputing C. quarrelling D. conflicting
100. A. outlying B. underlying C. outstanding D. underlining
101. A. scope B. breadth C. matter D. degree
102. A. promoted B. usurped C. overturned D. reversed
103. A. endured B. embraced C. embodied D. enhanced
104. A. reckless B. modest C. lofty D. pushy
105. A. enriched B. cultivated C. stretched D. prospered

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HẢI PHÒNG
1. Esme: "Do you have a minute?" - Kailyn: " …………….."
A. Well, that makes sense B. Yes, but please be brief C. That's just great. Thanks D. Sorry, I left my watch home
2. I wish you ……… me a new one instead of having it………..as you did.
A. would give / to repair B. gave / to repair C. had given / to be repaired D. had given / repaired
3. ……….the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transport were horse-drawn.
A. With reference B. Akin C. Prior to D. In addition to
4. An artist ……...will do his best to express innocence and inexperience in the child‟s face.
A. portraying a child B. who portray a child C. he portrays a child D. portrayed a child
5. Even though they don‟t agree with what is happening, they are too…………..to protest.
A. outgoing B. subdued C. quiet D. apathetic
6. Not only ................... to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again.
A. she refused B. did she refuse C. she did refuse D. when she refused
7. Charles had very little interest in the museum, he gave each exhibit no more than a(an) .................. glance.
A. cursory B. temporary C. transient D. ephemeral
8. She had made a firm decision and wasn‟t ................... by anything said against it.
A. detracted B. prevailed C. induced D. swayed
9. The two groups of bullies fought ................. before the police came last night.
A. head over heals B. tooth and nail C. heart and soul D. foot and mouth
10.I don't like turning down work, but I'll have to, I'm afraid. I've got far too much ............. at the moment.
A. up my sleeve B. on my plate C. on my mind D. in effect

1. I'm not sure that sending young …………… to prison is such a good idea. OFFEND
2. There's absolutely no solid …………… that he was anywhere near the scene of the crime PROVE
3. I'm not saying another word until I've spoken to my …………… LAW
4. You shouldn't make ………………like that without evidence. ACCUSE
5. When she left the police force, she worked as a private …………… for a while. INVESTIGATE
6. „I hope that your …………… has shown you the error of your ways,' said the prison governor. PRISON
7. He was initially sent to a maximum …………… prison. SECURE
8. Lying and stealing are both forms of ……………. HONEST
9. Police are looking carefully at the forensic ……………. EVIDENT
10. There's no doubt this painting is a ……………. FORGE

go around take after go off come up with do without

find out drop in on grow out cut down on hold up
1. We ……………….. tea and drank coffee instead.
2. Any time you're in the area, feel free to ……………….. us.
3. Tom: “Does Kenny ……………….. his father or mother?”
Jane: “Well, he looks just like his father, but has his mother nature”.
4. You should ……………… smoking if you can't stop completely.
5. The bomb …………….. with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
6. After browsing the internet for some time, we finally ……………. where he lived.
7. The traffic on the motorway was …………….. by construction work.
8. Simon ……………… a story about catching an enormous fish, and almost everyone believed him
9. The children have to stay on the merry-go-round until it stops ……………..
10. I bought Suzy some new shoes a few months ago but she‟s already ………….. of them

The Rise of Electronic Media

As printed media begin to lose their dominance (1) ………………. a way to convey information to the world, electronic media
have stepped up and (2) ……………….their place. Many people no longer read newspapers or magazines in their (3)…………
paper forms, but they still do read. The physical delivery system is what has happened; many people are reading newspapers or
magazines off of their smartphones, tablets, or on their computer screens. The (4) ……………. of the newspapers and
magazines strive to be the same, but the new way it is presented has some drawbacks as well as benefits.
One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read (5)…………………. a
subscription. As electronic media are delivered instantly over the Internet, the only way (6) …………….. money can be made is
through advertisements, as most people don't want to (7) ……………… for electronic subscriptions. This has left many of the
news outlets on the Internet scrambling to find sources of revenue.
Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much (8)……………….. in the
stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online publications is merely to
attract page views so that the (9) ……………………. on those pages must pay a small fee. In the (10) ……………….. of
information, finding the information worth learning becomes the hardest task of all

Sound Advice for Language Learners

A recent issue of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1) …………. of second language
acquisition. Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2)………….. a language course. One suggestion is that you
(3)…………… whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language. Did you enjoy studying languages at school, for
example? Do you have enough time to learn a language? The major (4)………….. will be your own time and effort. If proof of
your level of proficiency is important you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (5)………….qualification. Also, be
realistic in your (6)………... If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up. Do not be deceived (7)…………
thinking that the most expensive courses are the best. (8)……….. around to get the best possible value for money. You should
also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more quickly you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to
teach herself German by enrolling on a (9)……………course. Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of
teaching methodology her chances of making progress were high. Three years on she remembers very little. She feels her
biggest mistake was not to follow (10) …………. her first experience. "I should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to
study, even if it were by myself."
1. A. domain B. branch C. field D. area
2. A. wondering B. thinking C. looking D. considering
3. A. assess B. review C. balance D. survey
4. A. chance B. cost C. price D. evaluation
5. A. recognized B. understood C. valued D. regarded
6. A. sights B. ends C. objects D. goals
7. A. by B. about C. into D. in
8. A. Nose B. Push C. Run D. Shop
9. A. rapid B. crash C. quick D. fast
10. A. up B. on C. through D. out

The world needs to do more to prepare for the impact of a rapidly ageing population, the UN has warned - particularly
in developing countries. Within 10 years the number of people aged over 60 will pass one billion, a report by the UN Population
Fund said. The demographic shift will present huge challenges to countries‟ welfare, pension and healthcare systems. The UN
agency also said more had to be done to tackle "abuse, neglect and violence against older persons".
The number of older people worldwide is growing faster than any other age group. The report, Ageing in the let Century: A
Celebration and a Challenge, estimates that one in nine people around the world are older than 60. The elderly population is
expected to swell by 200 million in the next decade to surpass one billion, and reach two billion by 2050. This rising proportion of
older people is a consequence of success - improved nutrition, sanitation, healthcare, education and economic well-being are
contributing factors, the report says.
But the UN and a charity that also contributed to the report, Help Age International, say the ageing population is being
widely mismanaged. "In many developing countries with large populations of young people, the challenge is that governments
have not put policies and practices in place to support their current older populations or made enough preparations for 2050,"
the agencies said in a joint statement.
1. Which of the following could be the main topic of the passage?
A. The influence of the rise in aged population. B. The quick increase of the elderly people.
C. The countries with high percentage of the aged. D. The challenges caused by the ageing population.
2. The word "abuse" in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ________.
A. care B. protection C. insult D. praise
3. The number of the elderly rises because of the following reasons, EXCEPT ________.
A. sanitation B. medical care C. economic well-being D. finance
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the older people?
A. Of all age groups, the elderly have the fastest growth.
B. More aged people will reduce the pressure on countries' welfare, pension and healthcare systems.
C. There will be 200 million older people in 2050. D. The ageing population is managed properly.
5. The word “their” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. policies B. governments C. practices D. older populations

You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful
because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us
respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth
say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such
questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial
language”. Studies by Ekman‟s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that
testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate
sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United
States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that
people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust,contempt,happiness,and
surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the
socalled display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings
more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people‟s behavior. From
their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions,
and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people‟s faces. This evidence all points to a
biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin
pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural
psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion
do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it
can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean
embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
1. According to the passage, we respond to others by ____________________.
A. observing their looks B. watching their actions C. observing their emotional expressions D. looking at their faces
2. Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether ______________________________ .
A. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar
B. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth C. different cultures have similar emotional expressions
D. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar
3. The word "evolved" paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________________________ .
A. reduced B. increased C. simplified D. developed
4. Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of ________________________ .
A. lacked many main ingredients B. researchers on universal language
C. researchers who can speak and understand many languages D. investigators on universal emotional expressions
5. Smiles and frowns _______________________ .
A. are universal expressions across cultures B. are not popular everywhere
C. do not convey the same emotions in various cultures D. have different meanings in different cultures
6. The biggest difference lies in ______________________.
A. how long negative emotions are displayed B. how intensive emotions are expressed
C. how emotional responses are controlled D. how often positive emotions are shown
7. Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to________________________ .
A. control their emotions B. conceal their positive emotions C. display their emotions openly D. change their behaviour
8. Young children___________________ .
A. spend a long time learning to read others' emotions B. are sensitive towards others'emotions
C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions D. take time to control their facial expressions
9. The phrase "this evidence" in paragraph 3 refers to ____________________ .
A. a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions B. human facial expressions
C. the fact that children are good at recognizing others'emotions D. the fact that children can control their feelings
10. The best title for the passage is_______________________.
A. cultural universals in emotional expressions B. review of research on emotional expressions
C. ways to control emotional expressions D. human habit of displaying emotions
1. If the work is finished by lunchtime, you can go home.
Get ……………………………………………………………………………….
2. You haven‟t done your work, have you?
It’s about …………………………………………………………………………
3. The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted.
Only on his ………………………………………………………………………
4. He said that he had won as a result of good luck.
He attributed …………………………………………………………………….
5. That reminds me of the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji.
That takes me ……………………………………………………………………
6. People rumour that he is rich but stingy.
What …………………………………………………………………………..…
7. Such a ridiculous proposal isn‟t worth serious consideration.
There is ……………………………………………………………………….….
8. Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh.
The very ………………………………………………………………………….
9.We cannot see animals in a vast area after the forest fire.
There is an ………………………………………………………………………
10.The staff hated Frank‟s new policies so intensely that they went on strike.
So intense ………………………………………………………………………..
1. I don't mind whether we have the meeting today or tomorrow. (difference)
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. I don‟t think this record will ever be popular. (catch)
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. His arrival was completely unexpected. (took)
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. The success of our local theater has made our city famous. (map)
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. He is certainly not a reliable witness. (means)
…………………………………………………………………………………
LẠNG SƠN 2021-2022
Volunteering
Many young people choose to spend a year or two of their lives while they are still(1)______ living
in a foreign country and working as a volunteer. Working as a volunteer means that you cannot
only help others, but also develop a (2)______ understanding of the world and yourself.
You must have a university degree and (3)______ at least one year‟s experience before you can
(4)______. Suitable applicants are invited to attend a series of interviews and are then sent on a
training programme. Applicants are usually offered a post (5)______ months and can be sent
anywhere from the Sahara to Siberia.
The advantages of being a volunteer far (6)______ the disadvantages. Being a volunteer can
enable you to get (7)______ experience that you would otherwise not have had. It can help you
move up the career ladder faster. You will make (8)______ friends and return with an appreciation
of another culture and language.
However, volunteering is not for everyone. It can be difficult being (9)______ from friends and
family. Living on a (10)______ allowance is challenging. But, if you do choose to go, you will
return a stronger and wiser person.
1. A. individual B. alone C. unique D. single 7. A. worthless B. invalid C. valuable D. worthwhile
2. A. greater B. longer C. larger D. bigger 8. A. lifeless B. long-lost C. life-saving D. lifelong
3. A. win B. earn C. deserve D. gain 9. A. cut back B. cut off C. cut out D. cut across
4. A. write B. enter C. apply D. compete 10. A. middle B. mixed C. mediocre D. meagre
5. A. during B. by C. within D. before
6. A. outweigh B. outrun C. outdo D. outgrow