G.

7 Integrated Science Name: ___________________

Lesson Worksheet Class: _________ ( )

5 Energy
5.1 Energy changes (Book 1B, p. 81)
 All living things need (1) _______________ (能量) to carry out activities.

A Forms of energy (Book 1B, p. 82)

 Some common forms (形式) of energy:

1 (2) _______________ energy (光能) 5 (10) _______________ energy (勢能)

 It is given out by bright objects.  When an object moves to a
 An object gives out more light energy (11) _______________ position, it
as it glows (3) _______________. gains potential energy.
 When we (12) _______________
2 (4) _______________ energy (熱能) (擠壓) or (13) _____________ (拉長)
 It is given out by hot objects. an elastic (有彈性的) object, it gains
 An object gives out more thermal potential energy.
energy as it becomes (5) __________.

3 (6) _______________ energy (聲能) 6 (14) _______________ energy (電能)

 An object gives out more sound  It is obtained from power stations
energy as it produces a (發電廠) and dry cells (乾電池).
(7) _______________ sound.

4 (8) _______________ energy (動能) 7 (15) _______________ energy (化學能)

 Moving objects have kinetic energy.  Fuels (燃料) store a large amount of it.
 An object has more kinetic energy as  Food and dry cells also store this form
it moves (9) _______________. of energy.

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B Units of energy (Book 1B, p. 85)
 The (16) __________(J) (焦耳) and (17) _______________(kcal) (千卡) are the units of energy.

 One kcal is about (18) _______________ J.

C Energy conversion (Book 1B, p. 86)

1 Converting energy from one form to another (Book 1B, p. 86)

 Energy (19) _______________ (can / cannot) be converted (轉換) from one form to another.

 Some examples of energy conversion (能量轉換):

1 Pressing a spring toy and then releasing it:

(20) ______________ (21) ______________

energy stored in the energy of the spring toy
spring

2 Rubbing hands for 10 seconds:

(23) ______________
(22) ______________
energy and
energy of your
moving hands (24) ______________
energy given out by the
hands

3 Mixing baking powder (梳打粉) with vinegar (醋):

baking
powder (25) ______________ (26) _______________
energy stored in the energy and
baking powder and
(27) _______________
the vinegar
energy given out in the
reaction
vinegar

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4 Heating a match head:
match head
(wrapped in
aluminium foil)
(28) ______________ (29) ______________
energy stored in the energy of the match
match head

5 Connecting a lemon cell with a buzzer (蜂鳴器):

connecting wires

zinc
filter paper
(30) _____________ (31) ______________
copper
energy stored in the energy given out by
metal plates and the the buzzer
buzzer lemon
lemon

6 Burning a magnesium (鎂) ribbon:

magnesium
ribbon
(32) ______________ (33) ______________
energy stored in the energy given out by
magnesium ribbon the magnesium ribbon

7 Heating the wire gauze in a metal pipe:

metal pipe

(34) ______________ (35) ______________

energy given out by energy given out by
wire gauze
the Bunsen flame the metal pipe

3
2 Common energy conversion processes (Book 1B, p. 92)

 Burning:

When a fuel is burnt, the (36) _______________ energy stored in the fuel is converted to
(37) _______________ and (38) _______________ energy.

 Photosynthesis (光合作用):

When green plants carry out this process, (39) _______________ energy is converted to
(40) _______________ energy stored in food.

 Generation of electricity:

 Steam engine model (蒸汽機模型):

boiler
(contains water)

(41) ______________
energy stored in the
fuel
steam
generator turbine

(42) ______________
energy and (44) ______________ (45) ______________
energy of the steam energy generated by
(43) ______________
turbine (蒸汽渦輪機) the generator (發電機)
energy of the steam

 Hydroelectric power model (水力發電模型):

water in
(46) ______________ turbine
energy of water generator

(47) ______________ (48) ______________ water out

energy of the turbine energy generated by
the generator (發電機)

4
  Solar cell (太陽能電池):

solar cell

(49) ______________ (50) ______________ energy

energy from the torch generated by the solar cell

D Conservation of energy (Book 1B, p. 97)

 Energy is (51) _______________ (守恆). It can be converted from one form to another, and the
total amount of energy (52) _________________________ (remains constant / changes).

 We can use a Sankey diagram (桑基圖) to represent an energy conversion:

 A light bulb converts 500 J of electrical energy into 100 J of light energy and 400 J of
thermal energy:

(53)

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  An electric toy car converts 6 J of electrical energy into 4 J of kinetic energy, 1 J of sound
energy and 1 J of thermal energy:

(54)

E Energy conversion efficiency (Book 1B, p. 99) Extension

(55)
 Efficiency = × 100%
(56)

 Calculate the efficiency of the following light bulbs:

Filament bulb Fluorescent bulb LED bulb

Electrical input (J) 2400 600 400

Light energy output (J) 120 120 100

(57) (58) (59)

Efficiency

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5.2 Heat transfer (Book 1B, p. 102)

A Conduction (Book 1B, p. 102)

 Thermal energy can be transferred from the (1) ____________ (colder / hotter) part of an object
to the (2) _____________ (colder / hotter) part of the object, or from a hotter object to a colder
object in (3) ______________. This type of heat transfer is called (4) _______________ (傳導).

 Classify the following materials into good heat conductors and insulators:

air copper glass iron silver water wood

Heat conductor Heat insulator

(5) (6)

 The following table shows some applications of conduction and insulation:

Application Principle of conduction and insulation

Cooking pots  Pots are usually made of (7) _______________ so that they quickly
transfer (8) _______________ energy from the stove to the food.

 Their handles are usually made of (9) ____________ like plastic or

wood. Therefore, we can hold the handles without getting burnt.

Food containers  Foam is a good (10) _______________ (conductor / insulator).

Foam containers keep food (11) _______________ and we can
hold them without getting burnt.

Feather, hair and  The fur and feathers of some animals trap (12) ___________. It is a
clothes good insulator which conducts thermal energy away from the animal
body very (13) __________ (quickly / slowly). This helps the animals
stay (14) ____________.

 Human wear clothes to keep warm. In winter, thick clothing is put on

to trap air and slow down (15) _______________ effectively.

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B Convection (Book 1B, p. 107)
 (16) _______________ (對流) takes place in liquids and gases. Thermal energy is transferred
(17) _______________ (upwards / downwards) by the movement of the liquid or gas itself.

 Fill in the blanks in the following diagrams regarding convection in water and air:

water near the flame becomes cold water (19) ____________

hot and (18) ______________ (rises / sinks) and moves in to

(rises / sinks) replace the hot water

air near the flame becomes hot and

(20) _______________ (rises / sinks)

cold air moves in to

replace the hot air

 The following table shows some applications of convection:

Application Principle of convection

Convection  A convection heater is usually placed on the floor. When it is turned

heaters and air on, air near the heater heats up. The warm air (21) _________ (rises
conditioners / sinks) and the cold air in the surrounding region (22) ______ (rises
/ sinks). The whole room is warmed.

 An air conditioner should be installed (23) _______ (high / low) on

the wall. It gives out (24) _______ (cold / warm) air which falls and
pushes up the (25) _________ (cold / warm) air. The air conditioner
takes in the warm air and cools it. As the process continues, all the
air in the room is cooled.
cont’d

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 Application Principle of convection

Monitors  When a monitor is turned on, (26) __________ energy is given out.
The slits at the back of the monitor allow (27) ________ (cold / warm)
air to leave from the top and (28) _______ (cold / warm) air to enter
from the side. This cools the monitor.

Electric kettles  The heating part of an electric kettle is fixed near its
(29) ________________ (bottom / top).

 If the heating part was near the top of the kettle, the water at the
bottom would heat up very (30) _____________ (quickly / slowly)
even if the water near the top was boiling.

C Radiation (Book 1B, p. 113)

 Thermal energy can be transferred in a (31) __________ (真空) by (32) ____________ (輻射).
It occurs in (33) ____________________ (all directions / a single direction).

 Dull and dark coloured are (34) _______________ (good / poor) absorbers and radiators.

 Shiny and light coloured objects are (35) _______________ (good / poor) absorbers and
radiators.

 The following table shows some applications of radiation:

Application Principle of radiation

Ovens Electric ovens have (36) ____________________ inside them. Thermal

energy is mainly transferred from this part to the food by radiation.

Colours of In summer, people usually wear light coloured clothes. Since light
clothes coloured objects are (37) _______________ (good / poor) absorbers of
radiation, you feel (38) _______________ (cooler / hotter) in the sun when
you wear light coloured clothes than when you wear dark coloured clothes.

Radiant Unlike a convention heater, a radiant heater (輻射式暖爐) can be installed

heaters (39) ___________ the ground and can be used outdoors. It warms people by
emitting (40) _____________ energy directly towards them by radiation.

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Words to learn

5 Energy
5.1 Energy changes
thermal kinetic chemical potential
electrical stretch compress joule
kilocalorie energy conversion conserved efficiency

5.2 Heat transfer

heat conductor heat insulator conduction insulation
convection radiation vacuum absorber
radiator

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 Answers
5 Energy
5.1
1 energy 2 Light 3 brighter 4 Thermal
5 hotter 6 Sound 7 louder 8 Kinetic
9 faster 10 Potential 11 higher 12 compress
13 stretch 14 Electrical 15 Chemical 16 joule
17 kilocalorie 18 4200 19 can 20 potential
21 kinetic 22 kinetic 23 thermal 24 sound
25 chemical 26 / 27 sound / thermal 28 chemical 29 kinetic
30 chemical 31 sound 32 chemical 33 light
34 thermal 35 sound 36 chemical 37 / 38 light / thermal
39 light 40 chemical 41 chemical 42 / 43 thermal / kinetic
44 kinetic 45 electrical 46 kinetic 47 kinetic
48 electrical 49 light 50 electrical 51 conserved
52 remains constant
53 54 1 J of thermal energy
100 J of
500 J of light energy
electrical
energy 6 J of 4 J of
electrical kinetic
400 J of energy energy
thermal
energy

aA
1 J of sound energy

55 useful energy output 56 total energy input 57 5% 58 20%

59 25%

5.2
1 hotter 2 colder 3 contact 4 conduction
5 copper, iron, silver 6 air, glass, water, wood 7 metal 8 thermal
9 insulators 10 insulator 11 hot 12 air
13 slowly 14 warm 15 conduction 16 Convection
17 upwards 18 rises 19 sinks 20 rises
21 rises 22 sinks 23 high 24 cold
25 warm 26 thermal 27 warm 28 cold
29 bottom 30 slowly 31 vacuum 32 radiation
33 all directions 34 good 35 poor 36 heating parts
37 poor 38 cooler 39 above 40 thermal

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