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give practical situation for Linux

This document outlines a practical scenario for practicing Linux system administration skills by setting up a multi-user web server. It details step-by-step tasks including server setup, user management, Apache installation, permission configuration, firewall setup, system monitoring, backup automation, SSH security, and documentation. Each step includes specific commands for Ubuntu and Oracle Linux, providing a comprehensive guide for users to enhance their Linux admin skills.

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abdoag1691998
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

give practical situation for Linux

This document outlines a practical scenario for practicing Linux system administration skills by setting up a multi-user web server. It details step-by-step tasks including server setup, user management, Apache installation, permission configuration, firewall setup, system monitoring, backup automation, SSH security, and documentation. Each step includes specific commands for Ubuntu and Oracle Linux, providing a comprehensive guide for users to enhance their Linux admin skills.

Uploaded by

abdoag1691998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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give practical situation for Linux to practices Linux admin skills and explain one

by one step by step all tasks

2/2

ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Here’s a practical scenario for practicing Linux system administration skills,
designed as a comprehensive exercise. This scenario combines key tasks like user
management, networking, monitoring, and automation.

Scenario: Set Up a Multi-User Web Server


You’ve been tasked with configuring a web server that hosts a website. The system
will have multiple users with specific permissions, secure network configurations,
and automated backups. Here's how to approach it step by step:

Step 1: Set Up the Server


Install and update the system.

Command (Ubuntu):
bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
Command (Oracle Linux):
bash
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sudo yum update -y
Check your system hostname and network interface.

bash
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hostnamectl
ip a
Step 2: Add Users
You need to create three users: admin1, developer1, and developer2.

Create users:

bash
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sudo adduser admin1
sudo adduser developer1
sudo adduser developer2
Add the admin1 user to the sudo group for administrative privileges:

bash
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sudo usermod -aG sudo admin1
Confirm group membership:

bash
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groups admin1
Step 3: Install and Configure Apache Web Server
Install Apache:

Command (Ubuntu):
bash
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sudo apt install apache2 -y
Command (Oracle Linux):
bash
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sudo yum install httpd -y
Start and enable Apache:

Ubuntu:
bash
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sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2
Oracle Linux:
bash
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sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd
Verify the installation by accessing the server's IP in your browser:

arduino
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http://<server-ip>
Step 4: Configure Permissions
Create a directory for the website:
bash
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sudo mkdir -p /var/www/mywebsite
Assign permissions so only developers can edit website files:
bash
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sudo chown developer1:developer2 /var/www/mywebsite
sudo chmod 775 /var/www/mywebsite
Verify permissions:
bash
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ls -ld /var/www/mywebsite
Step 5: Set Up a Firewall
Enable and configure the firewall:

Ubuntu:
bash
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sudo ufw allow 80
sudo ufw allow 22
sudo ufw enable
Oracle Linux:
bash
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sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=ssh --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
Check the firewall status:

bash
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sudo ufw status # Ubuntu
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all # Oracle Linux
Step 6: Monitor the System
Check resource usage:
bash
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top
Monitor disk space:
bash
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df -h
Check Apache logs for errors:
bash
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sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log # Ubuntu
sudo tail -f /var/log/httpd/access_log # Oracle Linux
Step 7: Automate Backups
Create a backup script:

Save the following script as /home/admin1/backup.sh:


bash
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#!/bin/bash
tar -czf /backup/mywebsite_$(date +%F).tar.gz /var/www/mywebsite
Make the script executable:
bash
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chmod +x /home/admin1/backup.sh
Schedule the script to run daily using cron:

bash
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crontab -e
Add this line to run the script at midnight:
bash
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0 0 * * * /home/admin1/backup.sh
Step 8: Secure SSH Access
Edit the SSH configuration:

bash
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sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Disable root login:
perl
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PermitRootLogin no
Allow only specific users:
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AllowUsers admin1
Restart the SSH service:

bash
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sudo systemctl restart sshd
Step 9: Test the Configuration
Test user permissions:

Log in as developer1 and try editing a file in /var/www/mywebsite.


Ensure admin1 has sudo access.
Test the website:

Place an index.html file in /var/www/mywebsite:


bash
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echo "Welcome to My Website" | sudo tee /var/www/mywebsite/index.html
Access it via a browser.
Test backups:

Verify if the backup file is created in /backup.


Step 10: Document Everything
Use a text file to document:
Usernames and permissions.
Installed services.
Cron jobs and scripts.
Firewall rules.
This scenario teaches essential Linux admin skills like system updates, user
management, service configuration, security, and automation. Let me know if you’d
like help with any specific step! 😊

You said:
my caly on virtual box do not want to connect ethernet what i can do
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
If Kali Linux on VirtualBox cannot connect to the Ethernet, it is often a
configuration issue with the network settings in VirtualBox or Kali Linux. Here’s a
step-by-step guide to troubleshoot and resolve the problem:

Step 1: Verify VirtualBox Network Settings


Shut Down the VM:

Power off your Kali Linux virtual machine.


Access Network Settings:

In VirtualBox, select your Kali Linux VM.


Click on Settings > Network.
Set the Network Adapter:

Ensure Adapter 1 is enabled and set to Bridged Adapter (to use your host's network
connection).
In the Name dropdown, select the correct network interface (e.g., your physical
Ethernet adapter).
Optional: NAT Mode (If Bridged Fails):

If Bridged doesn’t work, try NAT mode, which allows the VM to share the host's IP
address.
Save Settings:

Click OK to save the changes.


Step 2: Check Network Interface in Kali Linux
Start the VM:

Boot into Kali Linux.


List Network Interfaces:

Open a terminal and run:


bash
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ip a
Look for an interface like eth0 or enp0s3.
Enable the Interface:

If the interface is listed but down, bring it up:


bash
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sudo ip link set eth0 up
Get an IP Address:

Request an IP address using DHCP:


bash
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sudo dhclient eth0
Verify Connectivity:

Ping an external address to test:


bash
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ping -c 4 google.com
Step 3: Install Missing Drivers (If Necessary)
Update Packages:

bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
Check Network Adapter Drivers:

Run the following command to check for Ethernet adapters:


bash
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lspci | grep Ethernet
If no Ethernet adapter is detected, VirtualBox Guest Additions might be missing.
Install VirtualBox Guest Additions:

bash
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sudo apt install -y virtualbox-guest-utils
Step 4: Verify Network Configuration File
Edit Network Config:

Open the network interfaces configuration file:


bash
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sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
Ensure it has the following for DHCP:
arduino
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auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
Restart Networking:

bash
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sudo systemctl restart networking
Step 5: Troubleshoot Further
Check VirtualBox Extension Pack:
Ensure the VirtualBox Extension Pack is installed on your host system. It provides
support for advanced networking.
Check Host Network:

Confirm the host machine has a working Ethernet connection.


Reinstall Network Manager:

If nothing works, reinstall the network manager in Kali Linux:


bash
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sudo apt install --reinstall network-manager
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
Reset Network Settings in VirtualBox:

Delete the network adapter in VirtualBox settings and add a new one.
Step 6: Test the Network
Check Internet Access:

Ping external websites or test browsing.


Check Logs:

Look at the system logs for network errors:


bash
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sudo journalctl -u NetworkManager
Let me know if you face any issues during these steps! 😊

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