Relative Motion

TOPIC : RELATIVE MOTION

EXERCISE # 1
PART – I

SECTION (A)

1.
Vm = 80 km/hr
Vc = 65 km/hr
Vmc = Vm – Vc = 80 – 65
= 15 km/hr

2.
Srel 100
t=  = 4 sec
Vrel 25

3.
72  5
Vbullet = 72 km /s = = 20 m/s = Vb
18
Vbg = 25 + 5 = 25 m/s (w.r.t. to ground)
and Vbt = 25 – 10 = 15 m/s

4.
As elevator moving or statinonary the relative velocity of coin is same and also the relative distance
between flor is same. Thes time taken in both cuses is same
t1 = t2

5.
VPT = 5 – (–10) = 15 and SPT = 150 m
S 150
t = PT = = 10 sec.
VPT 15

6. Relative velocity between either car ( 1st or 2nd ) and 3rd car = u + 30
where u = velocity of 3rd car
Relative Displacement = 5 km
5 5  60
Time interval = 4 min.  u + 30 = km/min = km/h.= 75  u = 45 km/h.
4 4
7. 1 = 50 – gT 2 = – 50 – gT vr = 1 – 2 = 100 m/sec

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 371

 Relative Motion

8.
100 100
VPT = VP – VT = 10 – 9 = 1 m/s. So time taken t = = = 100 sec.
VPT 1
1
9. We have, Srel = urelt + a t2
2 rel
1 2u 2u  gt
 0 = ut – (a + g) t2  a = –g=
2 t t

10. Initial relative velocity

ur = 50 – (– 50) = 100
ar = 20 – (20) = 0
1
sr = rt + a t2
2 r
100 = 100 t t = 1 hr
1
sA = 50 (1) + (20) (1)2 = 60 km.
2

Srel 1000
11. Vrel = = = 10 m/s.  VS – VB = 10  VS = 10 + VB = 10 + 10 = 20 m/s. Ans.
t 100

12. Srel = Vrel t

120 = 15t
120
t= = 8 sec.
15

13. With respect to lift initial speed = 0

acceleration = – 2g
1 2
displacement = 0  S = ut + at
2
1  1 2 0 1
0 = 0T' + × 2g × T'2  T' = 0 = × = T
2 g 2 g 2
14. a=8m
They meet when Q displace 8 × 3 m
more that p  relative displacement

= relative velocity × time.

8 × 3 = (10 – 2) t t = 3 sec Ans. 3 sec

15. Relative to lift initial velocity and acceleration of coin are 0 m/s and 1 m/s2 downward

1
 2= (1) t2 or t = 2 second
2

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 372

 Relative Motion

16. Relative velocity of stone = 5 m/s

relative acceleration of stone = 10 + 5 = 15 m/s2
 v = u + at = 5 + 15 × 2 = 35 m/s  relative velocity after t = 2 second is 35 m/s

17.

velocity of approach = VB  VA .

W E

18.
VA = – 500 î  VGA  VA = VGAS
VGA = 1500 î  1500 î – 500 î = 1000 î

1
19. Distance travelled by A = s = 10 × 2 + × 10 × 8 = 60
2
1
Distance travelled by B = s = 10 × 3 + × 10 × 4 = 50
2
60
Average speed of A = = 7.5
8
50
Average speed of B = = 7.1
7
SECTION : (B)
1. Since V and g has angle of  0 or 180º thus path is parabolic.

2. Since particle may have some relative velocity but relative acceleration is zero. Thus path is straight
line.

3. Since velocity of ball in horizontal direction and velocity of train is same. Thus only vertical motion only.

5.

6. In this condition velocity and acceleration both are perpendicular w.r.t. ground.
So path on ground will be parabolic.

7. Relative to the person in the train, acceleration of the stone is ‘g’ downward, a (acceleration of train)
backwards.
1 2 1 2
According to him : x= at , Y= gt
2 2
X a g
 = Y= x  straight line.
Y g a

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 373

 Relative Motion

9. The horizontal velocity of packet when dropped is zero relative to the bird. Therefore, the bird sees
packet moving vertically downwards.

10. VA  VA ˆj

VB  VB ˆj
VAB  VA  VB = VA ˆj – VB ˆj

thus North – west

80 ˆ 80 ˆ
11. vA = i j
2 2
60 ˆ 60 ˆ
VB = i j
2 2
20 ˆ 140 ˆ 20 –1  1
vAB = vA – vB = i j angle made be with north tan  =  = tan 7
2 2 140  

12. V1  10 ˆi
   3ˆ
V 2  v sin30 ˆi  v cos30ˆj  ˆi  j
2 2
   3ˆ  3ˆ
V 
V 2 – V1   – 10  ˆi  j j
 2  2 2

V
 – 10 = 0 or  = 20
2


13. V1  ˆi  3 ˆj tan 1 = 3 i.e., 1 = 60.

V 2  2iˆ  2 ˆj tan 2 = 1 i.e., 2 = 45º 1 – 2 = 15º

SECTION : (C)
1. 15 min = 1/4 hr.

VR river VR

VMR 
2
VMR  VR2
(

d 1 1 1 1
t=  = = =  VR = 3 km/h
Vy 4 2
VMR  VR2 4 5  VR2
2

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 374

 Relative Motion

2. Vrel  V12  V1 – V2 = V1 – V2 

min
= V 1  V2 
max
thus (40 – 20) = 20 km/hr

(40 + 20) = 60 km/hr thus 20 < Vrel < 60

3.
VB sin   Vr Vr = Velocity of river
10 sin  = 4 VB = Velocity of boat
4 2
sin  =  VBr = Velocity of boat w.r.t. river.
10 5
2
 = sin–1  
5
16
4. Velocity of the boat in still water : V = = 8 Km/hr
2
Velocity of boat along upstream = V – u = 8 – 4 = 4 Km/hr
Velocity of boat along downstream = V + u = 8 + 4 = 12 Km/hr.
Total time during upstream and donwstream.
8 8 8
t=  = = 2 hrs 40 min.
4 12 3

5.
From diagram.
VR2 = V2 + u2
102 = 82 + u2
u = 6 Km/hr.

6. VR/G(x) = 0 , VR/G(y) = 10 m/s

Let, velocity of man = v
16 4
tan  = =
12 3
12 cm

16 cm

then, vR/man = v (opposite to man)

For the required condition :
VR / M(y) 10 4
tan  = = =
VR / M(x) v 3
10 x 3
V= = 7.5 Ans.
4

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 375

 Relative Motion

7. VBG  VBR  VRG

 | VBG | = 2
VBR  VRG
2
 2VBR VRG cos 
  is unknown  6–4.8 < VBG < (6 + 4.8)  1.2 < VBG < 10.8

8. (Moderate) Speed of river is u and speed of boat relative to water is v.

Speed of boat A observed from ground = u2  v 2
speed of boat B observed from ground = v 2  u2

From river frame, speed of boat A and B will be same.

9. (Easy) Let speed of current be u.

For net velocity ofman to be
normal to river flow.
2 sin 30° = u

or u = 1 km/hr.

SECTION : (D)

1.
Vr sin   Vwind
5.0 5
Vr = 
sin  sin 

2.
 5 
 40   m / s
tan  = T  
V 18 
Vr 20 m / s
5
tan  =
9
5
 = tan–1  
9

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 376

 Relative Motion

V R
M

VR= 3km/h

4. VM= 4km/h
VRH = VR2  VM2 = 3 2  4 2 = 5 km/h Ans.

5. Flag will flutter in the direction of wind with respect to bus.

and V WB = VW – VB = VW + (– VB )
(Addition of two vector always lies between them)
( VB ) must lie in any direction between north & west. So bus will be moving in any direction between
south east.
  
6. = 20 ĵ + 10 î
Vrg  Vrb  VBG
Vrg = 10 5 m/s Ans. 10 5 m/s

7. VRG  3 ˆj  4 ˆi
Vmg  4 î

VRG  3 ĵ
VRG = 5 km/sec.

8. Vr,m = (0.5) (cot 30º)

= 0.5 3 m/s

EXERCISE # 2
1. 1 = slope of C1 line = constant
2 = slope of C2 line = constant
1 – 2  0 but constant

2. Slope of  – t graph = acceleration

1 = a1 (t –t0) = tan 1t – tan 1t0

2 = a2 (t – t0) = tan 2t – tan 2 t0
r = 1 – 2 = (tan 1 – tan 2) t – t0 (tan 1 – tan 2)
So vr contineously increases.

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 377

 Relative Motion

3. V12 = V1  V2
| V12 | = V12  V22  2V1V2 cos 
If cos  = – 1
| V12 |max = V12  V22  2V1V2
| V12 |max = (V1 + V2) So | V12 | is maximum when cos  = – 1 and  = 

d
4. tSP = ................. (1)
VMR sin 
d
tST = ........................ (2)
VMR

VR


VMR
(
d
tST VMR
= = sin 
t SP d
VMR sin 

5. V r  y j

m  5iˆ
 
V r – V m  (–5) ˆi  y ˆj
y
tan  = 1 = So, y = 5 km/s–1
5

6. Vr  10 ˆj

V c   ˆi
 
Vr – V c  10 ˆj –  ˆi
 
| Vr – V c |  102  2 = 20
  10 3

7.
2L 2L
t1 = 3 =  v1 + v2 = ...........(i)
v1  v 2 3
2L 4L
t2 = 2.5 = 1.5 v1 + v2 = ...........(ii)
1.5v1  v 2 5
by (i) and (ii)
4L 2L
v1 = ; v2 =
15 5
2L 2L
Now t3 = = = 15 sec.
| v1  v 2 | 2L /15

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 378

 Relative Motion

8. Let ˆi and ˆj be unit vectors in direction of east and north respectively.

 VDC  20 ˆj , VBC  20 ˆi and VBA  20 ˆj
 VDA  VDC  VCB  VBA = 20 ˆj  20 ˆi  20 ˆj = 20 ˆi  VDA   20 ˆi

9. All the velocities are marked in diagram where G represents ground

adding we get

Then VGD  VDC  VCB  VBA = V GA   V AG

Hence velocity of A is towards south east.

d
10. B catches C in time t then t =
u  10
Separation by this time has increased by 'd' between A and C hence
d
(10 – 5) × =d
(u  10)
u = 15 m/s

11. Relative to B, particle A is moving around it with constant speed v.

So, w.r.t. B, A appears to be move in circle motion.

12. Absolute velocity of ball = 40 m/s (upwards)

(40)2
hmax = hi = ff = 10 +
2  10
h = 90 m
(30)2
(B) Maximum height from left =
2  10
= 45 m
(C) The ball unless meet the elevator again when displacement of ball = displacement of lift
1
40 t – × 10 × t2 = 10 × t  t = 6s.
2
1
(D) Let t0 be the total time taken by the ball to reach the ground then – 10 = 40 × to – × 10 × to2
2
 t0 = 8.24 s.
 time taken by the ball for each the ground after crossing the elevator = t0 – t = 2.24 s.

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 379

 Relative Motion

EXERCISE # 3
PART - I

1.

VA = 10 ( ˆi)
VB = 10 ( ˆj)
VBA = 10ˆj  10iˆ
100 / 2
Time for shortest distance = =5
10 2

2.
For collision VB / A should be along B  A ( rA / B )
V2  V1 r r
So, = 1 2
| V2  V1 | | r1  r2 |

3. h is height curved to reach from one floor to other floor

h h
speed of walking   V1  speed of escalator   V2
t1 t2
h
So, time taken when escalator is walking R she is also walking on it = t 
V1  V2
1 V1  V2 1 1
  
t h t1 t 2

10m/s N
20m/s

W E

20 sin S
4.
For shortest path, velocity along river flow is zero.
10 1
20 sin = 10  sin       = 30º West
20 2

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 380

 Relative Motion

PART - II

t 2
1. Here, x2 = vt and x1 =
2
 t 2 
 x1 – x2 = –  vt – 
 2 

So, the graph would be like

2.
1
–240 = 10 t – × 10t2
2
 5t2 – 10t – 240 = 0
 t2 – 2t – 48 = 0
t2 – 8t + 6t – 48 = 0
 t = 8,–6
The first particle will strike ground at 8 seconds upto 8 second, relative velocity is 30m/s and relative
acceleration is zero. After 8 second magnitude of relative velocity will increase upto 12 seconds when
second particle strikes the ground.

x x
11. t1 = = (here total length of two trains is x)
v–u 50
x x
t2 = =
v u 110
t1 11
 =
t2 5

NEET_XI_PHYSICS (MECHANICS VOL.-1) # 381