Friction

TOPIC : FRICTION
EXERCISE # 1
PART – I

SECTION (A)
1. µ does not deend on normal reaction.

2. a = gsin 45º – g cos 45º

g  1 g
a= 1 –  
2  2 2 2

5. For equilibrium, normal to pane

N = mg cos      … (1)
Net force along the plane downward
F = mg sin  + fk …(2)
where fk is kinetic fricton
but fk = N = mg cos     …(3)
from eq. (1), (2), and (3) we get
 F = mg sin  +  mg cos 

According to Newton’s IInd law

F = ma
 ma = mg sin  +  mg cos     
 Retardation a = g sin +  g cos 
 From equation v = u + at, (we have)
o = u – (g sin +  g cos )t
u 5
 g sin  + m g cos  =  10 × sin 30° + × 10 cos 30° =
t 0.5
1 3 1
 10 × + 10 × = 10  5 3 =5 or =
2 2 3

g  1
6. a = g sin 45º + g cos45º = 1  2 
2 

8.
fmax = 0.6 × 1 × g = 6N
fmax > 5 so f = 5 N

9.
1
100 –  mg
100 – 10 10
a=  a= 2 = 5 m/s2
m 10

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10. Block B will come to rest, if force applied to it will vanish due to frictional force acting between block B
and surface, i.e, foce applied = frictional force
v v
i.e., mg = ma or mg = m   or t=
t g
11. Forces acting on the block are shown in figure.

Now, 20 cos 45° - f = 5a ....(i)

where f = frictional force
f = N
= 0.2 × N .....(ii)
and, N = 5g + 20 sin 45° = 50 + 10 2
Substituting the value of N in Eq. (ii) and hence value of f in Eq. (i), we get
10 2  0.2(50  10 2)  5a
a = 0.2624
Speed of block after 15 s from frist equation of motion
v = u + at = 0.2624 × 15 = 3.936 ms-1

a
12. F = ma  mg = ma  =
g
0.6
Now, v = u + at or 0 = 6 + 10a or = a = – 0.6
10
a 0.6
So, =   0.06
g 10

v2 100  100 100 100

13. s=  = = 1000 m  f = mg = 0.98 N
2k g 2  0.5  10 5 2

14.
Let acceleration in Ist case is a1 and that in second case is a2
1 1 a
Now, a1t2 = a2(2t)2  a2 = 1 ............(i)
2 2 4
mg sin 
Clearly a1 = = g sin ............(ii)
m
mg sin    mg cos 
and a2 = = g sin – g cos ............(iii)
m
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get  = 0.75.

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15. The normal reaction on the block is
N = mg – F sin  Net force on block is
Fcos – µN = Fcos – µ mg + µFsin
or acceleration of the block is
F (cos   µ sin  )  µmg F
a= = (cos + µsin) – µg
m m

16.
N = 50 – 40 sin30 = 30
40 cos 30º 0.2  30
a= = 5.73 m/sec2
5

17. Let velocity of projection be V and velocity of the block when it returns back = V'
then V > V' (since some K.E. is lost to friction)
Hence average velocity during ascent > average velocity during descent  ta < td

18. According to work-energy theorem,

W - K = 0
(Initial and final speed are zero) Work done by friction + work done by gravity = 0

– (mg cos) + mgl sin  = 0

2
  cos  = 2 sin    = 2 tan 

SECTION (B)
3. tan for sliding not depends on mass

6. tan  =  = tan 60º  = 3 = 1.732

75
7. s mg 75 N  s  = 0.35
20g
8. ma = mg  a = g

9.
Acceleration of train will be from right to left.
 Pseudo force will act on the box from left to right therefore friction will act from right to left.

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11.
since > tan
1
The block will not slide therefore f = mg sin= 2 × 9.8 × = 9.8 N.
2
12. Friction force depends only on normal reaction.

13.
fs  fk (  s   k ) mg
a= = = (S – k) g = (0.5 – 0.4)10 = 1 m/sec2
m m

14.
T = mg  T   × 10 g  mg  0.20 × 10  m  2 kg
15. While the horse pulling a cart, the horse exerts a force on the ground, therefore from the third law of
newton, the ground will also exerts a force on the horse that causes the horse to move forward.
16. The length of the rope which can overhang from the edge of the table without sliding down is given by
  
1 =  
 1  
17. a = 2 m/sec

F = 20 N.
22. F  mgsin + g cos
Fmin = mgsin + g cos
T
450N 45°

24. W
Tcos45° = 450
Tsin45° = W
W = 450 N

25. Consider the equilibrium of the block for minimum value of force we have
 3 1 1  Mg
Fexternal  Fs  mgsin60 so Mg 
 2
 . 
 3 2  3
200
Fext   120 . Consider the equilibrium of the block for maximum value of force we have
1.732
Fexternal  Fs  mgsin60
100  3 1 1
So asystem    5  5 * 0.2  1 = Mg   .   Mg =200 N
max imum 20  2 3 2 


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26.

F 3
N = mg + F sin 60 = 3 × 10 + ...... (i)
2
F cos 60 = N ...... (ii)
F 1 F 3
 = × (10 3 + )
2 2 3 2
F F F
 =5+  =5  F = 20 N
2 4 4
27. Key Idea : The tension in the string is equal to static frictional force between block A and the surface.
Let the mass of the block B is M.

In equilibrium
T = Mg = 0
 T = Mg .........(i)
If blocks do not move then
T = ƒs
where ƒs = frictional force = sR = smg
 T = smg ..........(ii)
Thus, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
Mg = smg or M = sm
Given s = 0.2, m = 2 kg  M = 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 kg

28. Force, F = R = Mg
Weight of block = R = 0.2 ×10 = 2N

29. Let the mass of block be m.

Frictional force in rest position
F = mg sin 30º
R F

mg sin 30º mg cos30º

mg
30º
1 2  10
10 = m × 10 ×   m= = 2 kg
2 10

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30. (Easy) Max. frictional force
N

Fcos53°
N 53°
mg F
Fsin53°
fmax = N
4
= (mg + F sin53°) = 0.2 (20 × 10 + 30 × ) = 44.8 N
5
As applied horizontal force is Fcos53°= 18N < f max, friction force will also be 18 N.

31. N = mg + Qcos
Frectional froce f = (mg + Qcos)
P + Qsin = (mg + Qcos)
P  Q sin 
=
mg  Qcos 

32. For min. m, 5 kg block will have a tendency to move left. so

33. Apply Newton’s law for system along the string

mB 9
mB g = (mA + mC) × g  mC = – mA = – 10 = 15 kg
 0.2

34. The free body diagram of the block is as shown in the figure.
N is the normal reaction exerted by wedge on the block.

The wedge moves towards left with acceleration ‘a’, then the component of acceleration of block normal
to the plane is asin  
 Applying Newtons second law to the block normal to plane.
mg cos  – N = ma sin  For N to be zero a = g cot .
Hence the friction shall be zero when a = g cot .

39. Apply system equation

m 3m
g= g ×      
4 4
3m/4

m/4


1
 = = 0.33
3

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EXERCISE # 2

1.
for motion to start
f  0.2 × 100 g + 0.3 × 300 g = 1100 N
Fmin = 1100 N

4.
For Remaining is Equilibrum
Fs = Mg sin 
 N  Mg sin 
  mg cos  mg cos 
 Tan 
Tan  
(Tan )max = = 0.5
x 2 dy x
y  = (Tan)
20 dx 10
 x
  = (Tan)max (Tan)vf/kdre
 10 max
(X)vf/kdre = 0.5 × 10 = 5
(X vf/kdre )2 25
(y)vf/kdre    1.25m
20 20

8 7
5. aA = g [sin 45 – A cos 45] = , aB = g [sin 45 – B cos 45] =
2 2
1
aAB = aA – aB = g (B – A) cos 45 = , sAB = 2
2
1 1 1 2
Now sAB = aAB t2  2 = × t  t = 2 sec.
2 2 2
1 1 8
Again sA = aA t2 = ( ) 4  sA = 8 2 m
2 2 2

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6.
P1 = mgsin – mgcos
P2 = mgsin + mgcos
Initially block has tendency to slide down and as tan > , maximum friction mgcos will act in positive
direction. When magnitude P is increased from P1 to P2, friction reverse its direction from positive to
negative and becomes maximum i.e.mgcos in opposite direction.

7. When friction is absent

a1 = g sin 
1 2
 s1 = a1t1 ........ (i)
2
When friction is present
a2 = g sin  –  g cos 
1
 s2 = a2t22 ........ (ii)
2
From Eq. (i) and (ii)
1 2 1 2
a1t1  a2t2
2 2
2
or a1t1 = a2 (nt1)2 ( t2 = nt1)
or a1 = n2a2
a2 g sin    g cos  1 g sin 45º   g cos 45º 1
or   2 or  2
a1 g sin  n g sin 45º n
1 1
or 1 – k = 2 or k = 1 – 2
n n

8.
Apply newton’s law for system of m 1 and m2
(m1  m2 ) g sin 37º  [m1 g cos 37º  m2 g cos 37º ]
a= = g[sin37º – cos37º]
m1  m2
Now apply newton’s law for M1

m1g sin37º + T – m1gcos37º = m1a = m1g[sin37º – cos37º]

 T = 0 and a = 4m/sec2

9. When F is less than µs mg then tension in the string is zero.

When µsmg  F < µs2mg then friction on block B is static.
If further increase friction on block B is kinetic.

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10. FBD of block B w.r.t. wedge A , for maximum 'a' :
Perpendicular to wedge :
fy' = (mg cos  + m a sin  – N) = 0.
and fx' = mg sin  + N – ma cos  = 0 (for maximum a)

( g sin    g cos  )
  mg sin  + (mg cos  + ma sin ) – ma cos  = 0  a= for  = 45º
cos    sin 
 tan 45º     1  
a= g   ; a= g   Ans.
 cot 45º     1  

V2
11. 0 = V – 2gs 
2 2
s= . (A).
2 g

12. Block will not slip if

(m1 + m2) g sin m2 g cos
 3
3 sin    (2) cos
 10 
1   11.5
 tan    
5
 (P)  = 5° friction is static f = (m1 + m2)g sin
 (Q)  = 10° friction is static f = (m1 + m2)g sin 
 (R)  = 15° friction is kinetic f = m2g cos
 (S)  = 20° friction is kinetic f = m2g cos

EXERCISE # 3
PART - I

1.
Pseudo force or fictitious force, Ffic = m
Force of friction, f = N = m,
The block of mass m will not fall as long as
f  mg
m mg
g



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2. a = µg = 5
v2 = u2 + 2as
0 = 22 + 2 × (5)s
2
s=– w.r.t. belt or distance = 0.4 m
5
3. The coin will revolve with the record, if Force of friction  Centrifugal force
mg  mr2
g
or r
2
F?k"kZ.k  FvfHkdsUæ
mg  m2r
g
r
2
4. For smooth driving maximum speed of car v then
mv 2
 s mg  v  s Rg
R

mg  2  mg g  2  mg  1  2 
5. a=  a= = g 
3m 3  3 

6.
m2 g – k m1g  m g – k m1g 
a=  m2g – T = (m2)  2  (a)  m2g – T = (m2)
m1  m2  m1  m2 
m1mg 1  k  g
Solving get T =
m1  m2
1
7. s = tan 30º =  0.5
3
s = 0.57 = 0.6
1
S = ut + at2
2
1 1
4= a(4)2  a = = 0.5
2 2
0.9
a = gsin – k (g) cos K = = 0.5
3

8. The coefficient of the friction is a non dimensional quantity.

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PART - II

1.
F1 = mg sin + mg cos
F2 = mg sin – mg cos
F1 sin    cos  tan    2   3
=  = = = 3.
F2 sin    cos  tan    2   

dy
2. = tan =  in limiting case
dx

dy 3 x 2 1 1
= =  x=1 So, y=
dx 6 2 6

3.
Assuming both the blocks are stationary
N=F
f1 = 20N
f2 = 100+20 = 120N

4. (m + m2) = m1
m
m + m2 = 1

m1
 m= – m2

5
 m= – 10 = 23.33kg
0.15

5. mg sin  + 3 = P + friction
mg sin  + 3 = P + mg cos .
10  10 1
 3 = P + 0.6 × 10 × 10 ×
2 2
20 2 + 3 = P
31.28 = P  P  32N

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6. For just equilibrium

3mg
f   s
2
2N

mg/2
30º

3mg mg
2 s  ………..(1)
2 2
In the other case
3mg mg
s   10 ………..(2)
2 2
10 N

mg/2 f

30º

equation (1) / equation (2)

1 3 s  1 3
  s =
5 3 s  1 2

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