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CHAPITRE 5 Surface Eqpmt (1)

The document provides an overview of the wellhead, tubing hanger, and Christmas tree, which are integral components of oil and gas production systems. It details their functions, compatibility, and safety features, emphasizing the importance of these components in controlling well flow and maintaining pressure integrity. Additionally, it describes different types of wellheads and Christmas trees, highlighting their design variations based on operational requirements.

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17 views13 pages

CHAPITRE 5 Surface Eqpmt (1)

The document provides an overview of the wellhead, tubing hanger, and Christmas tree, which are integral components of oil and gas production systems. It details their functions, compatibility, and safety features, emphasizing the importance of these components in controlling well flow and maintaining pressure integrity. Additionally, it describes different types of wellheads and Christmas trees, highlighting their design variations based on operational requirements.

Uploaded by

Īslām Mādŕīd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Équipements de

production
2éme année licence production professionnel et académique
The Wellhead, Tubing Hanger, and
Christmas Tree
Although the wellhead, tubing hanger, and Christmas tree are separate components they form
part of an integrated assembly.

As such they must be compatible, and are usually supplied by the same manufacturer, In a well
equipped with a conventional (vertical) tree, the tubing hanger is designed to sit within the
wellhead. In some cases a separate tubing hanger spool is attached to the top of the wellhead to
accommodate the tubing hanger.

The Christmas tree is attached to the top of the wellhead (or tubing hanger spool), and seals
around the neck of the tubing hanger.
The production wellhead
flowing wells usually include the following surface
production equipment:

• A production wellhead with the Christmas tree and the


tubing head, The Christmas tree comprises a series of
valves, a choke and connections.

It provides a means of controlling the effluents, ensuring


the safety of the facilities and giving measurenent tools
and instruments access to the well.

The tubing head , accommodates the device designed to


hang the tubing
The Production Wellhead
The tubing must be hung and secured on the surface, and it needs a stack of
valves and other accessories on top of it to meet safety and fluid flow
requirements . The choice of the type of wellhead and the functions it has to
fulfill are related to the following requirements and needs.

☞Protection against uncontrolled flow from the well

☞ Well flow rate control (choking)

☞Periodic monitoring of the well status and/or placing the well in safe
condition by wire- line tools run into the well

☞ Withstanding pressure and temperature during production, when the well is


shut in or during exceptional operations (hydraulic fracturing, for example).
The wellhead
A wellhead is the component on the surface of an oil or gas well
that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for
the drilling and production equipment.

The main purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point


and pressure seals for the casing strings running from the bottom
of the wellbore to the surface pressure control equipment.
The wellhead
The wellhead is an integral and important part of the well integrity enve- lope and is
designed to:
❑ Support each casing string.
❑ Support the production tubing (the completion).
❑ Provide a base (support) for the drilling blowout preventer (BOP) while the well is
being drilled.
❑ support the Christmas tree (if fitted) once the well is completed, and while it is in
service.
❑ Provide pressure barriers between each annulus and atmosphere.
❑ Provide annulus access through side mounted gate valves.
❑ On subsea wells only the inner annulus can be accessed all other annulus are
inaccessible and therefore effectively trapped.
The WELLHEAD
CONVENTIONAL WELLHEAD
Features:

1 Starter Spool (Conductor Pipe)


2 Surface Casing Head
3 Surface Casing Hanger
4 Production Casing Head
5 Production Casing Hanger
6 Tubing Head
7 Tubing Hanger
The Casinghead
❑ During the drilling of the well, as each string of casing is run into the hole, it is necessary to install heavy
fittings at the surface to which the casing is attached.

❑ Each part of the casing is supported by a part of the casinghead which was installed at the top of the next
larger string of casing when it was run.

❑ Each part of the casinghead usually provides for use of slips or gripping devices to hold the weight of the
casing.

❑ The head provides a way of sealing between the casing strings to prevent flow of fluids.

❑ Openings (commonly called gas outlets) are usually provided for reducing gas pressure which may collect
between or within casing strings. Also, the outlets may sometimes be used for production of the well when
oil is produced through the casing.

❑ The casinghead is used during drilling and workover operations as an anchor for pressure control
equipment which may be necessary.
The Tubing Head
The tubing head rests on the upper flange of the last casing head or is
sometimes directly bored in the upper part of this casing head (compact
heads).

It accommodares the tubung hanger. The Inside profile of the tubing head
spool also provides a seal berween the casing tubing annulus and the top of
the tubing hanger when the hanger is set in place.

The two side outlets that communicate with the annulus are closed by
valves.
The Tubing Head
One of these outlets is equipped with a pressure gage to observe
the annulus and monitor any anomalous rise or fall in pressure.
The other outlet is for connecting to outside piping
The tubing hanger is usually machined to accommodate a back-
pressure valve, BPV, during operations on the wellhead.
Present-day tubing hangers usually have an extended neck with
additional seals.
Moreover, if the well is equipped with a subsurface safety valve a
port is provided for control line hydraulic continuity
The Christmas tree
XMAS TREE
It generally includes (from bottom to top):
(one or) two master valves
across
a swab valve
a tree cap.
All of this is completed by one or two wing valves and a choke.

The number of valves and their location is not fixed and must be adapted to the
safety and production requirements specific to each field. High pressures require
two or even three master valves exceptionally, high flow rates mandate installing
wing valves on both lateral out- lets, and lastly some cases demand continuous
use of one or both outlets on the annulus.
Christmas tree
Xmas Tree Type
Xmas Tree type:
Solid Block (Mono Block) Xmas Tree
- Contains fewer components (for
high pressure wells)
Composite Block Xmas Tree
- Valves are located on separate
block & joined by API flange.
Horizontal Xmas Tree
- New concept used for sub-sea
completion.

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