The document outlines the final exam for UC San Diego's MAE 119 course, instructed by Professor G.R. Tynan, which prohibits electronic devices but allows equation sheets. It consists of two parts: a multiple-choice section with questions related to energy sources and thermodynamics, and a problem-solving section requiring students to solve five out of ten given problems. The exam emphasizes understanding of energy concepts and their implications for human life and the environment.
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MAE119 W2017 Final Exam - Solution
The document outlines the final exam for UC San Diego's MAE 119 course, instructed by Professor G.R. Tynan, which prohibits electronic devices but allows equation sheets. It consists of two parts: a multiple-choice section with questions related to energy sources and thermodynamics, and a problem-solving section requiring students to solve five out of ten given problems. The exam emphasizes understanding of energy concepts and their implications for human life and the environment.
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UC
SAN
DIEGO
MAE
119
FINAL
EXAM
PROFESSOR
G.R.
TYNAN
NO
ELECTRONIC
DEVICES
PERMITTED.
STUDENTS
MAY
REFER
TO
THEIR
EQUATION
SHEETS
BROUGHT
TO
THE
EXAM.
PART
I:
MULTIPLE
CHOICE.
ALL
PROBLEMS
2
points
each.
1. Which
of
the
following
are
primary
energy
sources
used
today
by
human
beings?
a. Coal,
Petroleum,
Electricity,
Gasoline
b. Petroleum,
Fissile
Uranium,
Natural
Gas
c. Natural
Gas,
Diesel,
Geothermal
Energy,
Biofuels
d. None
of
the
above.
2. Which
fuel
has
the
lowestcarbon
per
unit
energy
released?
a. Coal
b. Natural
Gas
c. Petroleum
d. Wood
3. A
mass
of
100
kG
is
accelerated
by
a
force
of
100
N
for
10
seconds.
How
much
work
is
done
on
the
mass?
a. 100
J
b. 50
J
c. 500
J
d. none
of
the
above.
4. The
first
law
of
thermodynamics
states
that
a. Entropy
must
always
increase
b. Energy
is
always
conserved
c. Using
energy
up
allows
us
to
do
work
on
a
system
d. None
of
the
above.
5. Which
of
the
following
are
secondary
energy
sources
in
use
today?
a. Nuclear
fission,
hydropower
and
wind
power
b. Petroleum,
Coal
and
Natural
Gas
c. Gasoline,
Diesel
and
Electricity
d. Electricity,
Refined
Fuels
and
Wood.
6. What
is
the
relative
ordering
(from
largest
to
smallest
contribution
to
human
energy
demand)
of
primary
energy
sources?
a. Fossil
fuels,
nuclear
fission,
and
wind
energy
b. Solar
thermal,
solar
photovoltaic
and
wind
energy
c. Gasoline,
Diesel
and
biofuels
d. Electricity,
Heat
and
Liquid
Fuels
7. We
learned
in
our
carbon
balance
discussion
that
CO2
emitted
by
combustion
processes
stays
in
the
atmosphere
for
a
period
of
time
before
being
absorbed
by
the
Earth’s
biosphere
and
land/ocean
masses.
The
typical
timescale
for
this
reabsorption
to
occur
is
about:
a. 10
years
b. 50
years
c. 100-‐200
years
d. It
stays
in
the
atmosphere
forever.
8. What
is
the
order-‐of-‐magnitude
of
carbon-‐free
power
needed
to
meet
future
energy
demands
while
avoiding
significant
climate
change
effects?
Here
we
are
lumping
all
types
of
power
demand
into
one
total
rate
of
energy
consumption.
a. 1-‐2
TW
b. a
few
GW
c. 20
TW
d. 100
TW
9. The
capacity
factor
of
an
electricity
generation
technology
is
defined
as:
a. The
maximum
amount
of
power
than
the
technology
can
produce
b. The
maximum
feasible
contribution
that
the
technology
can
contribute
to
human
energy
demand.
c. The
ratio
of
the
maximum
power
produced
to
the
minimum
possible
power
produced
by
the
technology.
d. The
ratio
of
the
average
power
produced
divided
by
the
peak
power
produced
by
the
technology.
10.
How
did
we
measure
the
means
by
which
access
to
adequate
energy
resources
improve
human
quality
of
life?
a. It
frees
up
people
to
pursue
other
interests
besides
growing
enough
food
to
survive.
b. It
impacts
multiple
social
measures
including
literacy
rates
and
childhood
mortality.
c. It
is
correlated
with
increased
human
lifespan,
economic
development
and
average
number
of
years
in
school.
d. All
the
above.
UC
SAN
DIEGO
MAE
119
FINAL
EXAM
PROFESSOR
G.R.
TYNAN.
NO
ELECTRONIC
DEVICES
PERMITTED.
STUDENTS
MAY
REFER
TO
THEIR
EQUATION
SHEETS
BROUGHT
TO
THE
EXAM.
PART
II:
• ALL
PROBLEMS
ARE
EQUALLY
WEIGHTED
AT
20
POINTS
EACH.
• SOLVE
ANY
FIVE
(5)
PROBLEMS.
• IF
A
NUMERICAL
ANSWER
IS
REQUIRED,
ONE
SIGNIFICANT
FIGURE
WILL
SUFFICE.
1. Tidal
power:
An
area
of
uniform
water
depth
is
being
considered
for
development
as
a
tidal
power
basin.
The
water
height
undergoes
a
sinusoidal
oscillation
in
height.
The
period
of
oscillation
is
12
hours,
and
the
surface
height
variation
is
2
m
from
peak
to
trough.
A
10
km2
area
is
planned
to
be
developed
into
a
tidal
basin.
a. How
much
energy
can
be
stored
in
this
basin?
b. If
this
energy
is
released
over
a
2
hour
period
when
the
surrounding
water
is
at
low
tide,
estimate
how
much
power
could
be
generated
during
this
period
of
time?
Assume
that
the
conversion
apparatus
has
100%
efficiency.
2. Deep
Geothermal
Power:
A
heat
mine
is
to
be
developed
at
a
site.
The
mine
will
access
rock
that
can
be
fractured
in
a
region
with
a
geothermal
temperature
gradient
of
20
deg
K/km
of
depth.
The
mine
will
exploit
a
region
10
km
x
10
km
on
the
surface,
and
will
have
a
vertical
extent
of
100
m
at
an
average
depth
of
5
km.
The
rock
has
a
density
of
10
Tonnes/m3
and
a
thermal
capacity
of
2000
J/kG-‐deg
C
and
the
ambient
surface
temperature
is
300
K.
a. How
much
thermal
energy
can
be
extracted
from
the
10
km
x
10
km
+
100
m
volume
of
rock?
b. If
the
heat
is
extracted
uniformly
throughout
this
volume
of
rock
at
a
rate
Pout,
write
a
zero-‐dimensional
time-‐dependent
energy
balance
equation
for
the
volume,
which
shows
how
the
rock
temperature
evolves
in
time.
(Hint:
You
should
get
a
first-‐order
time-‐dependent
ordinary
differential
equation).
c. Solve
this
equation
to
get
a
solution
for
the
rock
temperature
evolution
vs.
time.
Hint:
Look
for
exponential-‐like
solutions.
d. Find
an
expression
for
the
time
needed
for
the
rock
temperature
to
drop
by
a
factor
of
1/e?
If
Pout=100
MW,
estimate
this
time
scale.
3. Solar
PV:
A
p-‐n
junction
based
solar
cell
has
an
open-‐circuit
voltage
of
0.6
V
and
a
short-‐circuit
current
of
20
mA/cm2
when
exposed
to
a
solar
insolation
of
1000
W/m2,
and
has
a
form
factor
FF
=
0.7.
a. Draw
the
current-‐voltage
characteristic
of
this
device,
making
sure
to
identify
the
VOC
and
ISC
locations,
and
the
point
where
the
maximum
power
is
generated.
b. What
is
the
efficiency
of
this
cell?
c. Suppose
you
can
improve
the
manufacturing
process
of
the
cell
so
that
the
carrier
lifetime
is
increased
by
4x.
What
will
happen
to
the
VOC
and
ISC
of
the
cell?
Draw
how
the
current-‐voltage
characteristic
will
change.
d. If
the
solar
insolation
of
1000
W/m2
is
constant
for
8
hours/day
and
then
is
zero
for
16
hours/day
what
is
the
capacity
factor
of
this
cell?
How
much
electrical
energy
will
it
produce
in
a
day?
4. Climate
change
essentials:
Earth’s
heat
balance
a. A
perfectly
absorbing
surface
is
exposed
to
a
visible
light
solar
insolation.
If
there
is
no
atmosphere
to
absorb
light,
what
is
the
infra-‐ red
emissivity
of
the
surface
in
steady-‐state?
b. If
the
surface
emits
as
a
perfect
blackbody,
what
is
it’s
equilibrium
temperature?
c. Suppose
that
an
atmosphere
is
now
introduced
just
above
this
surface.
The
atmosphere
is
perfectly
transparent
to
visible
light,
but
absorbs
50%
of
infra-‐red
radiation
that
passes
through
it.
This
warms
the
atmosphere
which
then
re-‐radiates
half
of
this
radiation
to
space,
and
half
back
to
the
surface.
What
are
the
equilibrium
surface
and
atmospheric
temperatures?
d. How
do
these
compare
to
the
temperature
in
part
(b)?
5. Climate
change
essentials:
Carbon
balance
modeling:
An
atmosphere
has
an
infra-‐red
absorbing
species
injected
into
it
at
a
constant
rate
Q
starting
at
t=0.
Prior
to
t=0
there
was
no
such
species
in
the
atmosphere.
This
species
persists
in
the
atmosphere
for
a
timescale
τ
before
it
is
reabsorbed
by
the
surface
lying
beneath
the
atmosphere.
a. Draw
a
simple
0-‐d
control
volume
model
showing
the
atmosphere
containing
a
mass
M
of
the
species
in
question,
the
source
rate,
and
the
reabsorption
rate
of
the
species,
Γ,
by
the
planetary
surface.
b. Use
this
model
to
write
a
time-‐dependent
0-‐d
mass
balance
equation
for
M(t)
in
the
atmosphere.
c. If
the
reabsorption
rate
Γ=M(t)/τ,
find
M(t)
for
t>0.
d. If
the
atmosphere
has
a
height
d,
and
the
injected
species
with
an
IR
absorption
cross-‐section
σ
is
uniformly
mixed
in
the
atmosphere,
find
an
expression
for
the
IR
transmission
coefficient
vs
time
of
the
atmosphere.
6. Wind
Power:
A
region
has
a
wind-‐speed
probability
distribution
function
f(v)=0.1
for
0<V<10
m/sec
and
f=0
for
V>10
m/sec.
a. What
is
the
probability
that
the
wind
speed
will
satisfy
5<V<6
m/sec
at
any
given
time?
b. Write
an
integral
expression
for
the
average
wind
speed,
and
solve
it
to
find
the
average
wind
speed.
If
the
wind
was
to
always
blow
at
this
speed,
what
would
be
the
power
per
unit
area
incident
on
a
wind
turbine?
c. Write
an
integral
expression
for
the
average
power
density
available
at
the
face
of
a
wind
turbine
located
in
this
region.
Solve
it
to
find
the
average
power
density.
Compare
this
average
power
to
what
you
computed
in
part
(b).
Why
are
the
two
different?
d. If
you
have
a
wind
turbine
available
with
a
cut-‐in
speed
of
3
m/sec
and
a
cut-‐out
speed
of
8
m/sec,
how
often
will
the
wind-‐turbine
operate?
How
often
will
it
be
off-‐line?
7. Solar
Thermal:
A
solar
power
tower
design
concept
has
a
centrally
located
point-‐like
target
illuminated
by
an
array
of
heliostat
mirrors
that
can
be
oriented
to
reflect
sunlight
onto
the
target.
The
ratio
of
the
mirror
collecting
area
to
the
target
area
is
a
factor
of
1000.
a. If
the
direct
normal
incidence
(DNI)
solar
irradiation
is
1000
W/m2
,
what
is
the
incident
heat
flux
to
the
target?
b. If
the
working
fluid
of
the
power
plant
removes
heat
from
the
target
at
a
rate
of
500
kW/m2,
what
will
be
the
equilibrium
temperature
of
the
target?
[Hint:
write
a
power
balance
for
a
unit
surface
area
of
the
target
and
then
recall
that
the
emitted
heat
flux
from
a
radiating
body
goes
like
σT4
where
σ denotes
the
Stefan-‐Boltzmann
constant
which
has
a
value
of
~6x10-‐8
W/m2-‐K4]
c. If
the
working
fluid
has
a
temperature
that
is
half
of
the
target
temperature,
estimate
the
thermal
conversion
efficiency
of
an
ideal
heat
engine
deployed
in
this
system.
d. Suppose
a
cloud
layer
moves
over
that
has
a
thickness
of
1km.
The
cloud
is
composed
of
aerosol
particles
with
a
cross-‐sectional
area
of
10-‐9
m2
.
These
particles
have
a
density
of
106
particles/m3.
What
is
the
DNI
now?
If
the
plant
were
to
keep
operating,
by
how
much
will
the
power
plant
power
output
decline
(you
may
neglect
any
change
in
the
thermal
conversion
efficiency).
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