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DUAL-PAM-100
P700 & Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Measuring System

High Quality Instrumentation for Plant Sciences

DUAL-PAM-100

DUAL-PAM-100
P700 & Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measuring
System

Immediately after its market launch, the DUAL-PAM-100 became the gold standard for parallel recording of
photosystem II and photosystem I activities. The DUAL-PAM-100 excels by its outstanding opto-electronical
properties which are based on the use of latest-generation components and precision engineering.

DUAL-PAM-100 control unit (left) with near infrared emitter head

and P700/fluorescence detector head connected to an optical unit
type ED-101US/MD.

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Front view of FIBER version of DUAL-PAM-100 (DUAL-PAM/F).

Close-up: Near infra-red emitter unit (DUAL-E, upper right corner in

each picture) and detector unit (DUAL-DB or DR, lower left corner in
each picture) connected to a special optical unit for measurement of
suspensions (ED-101US/MD).

Close-up: Near infra-red emitter unit (DUAL-E, upper right corner in

each picture) and detector unit (DUAL-DB or DR, lower left corner in
each picture) connected to a special optical unit for measurement of
suspensions (ED-101US/MD).

The basic system consists of a high performance PAM chlorophyll fluorometer to analyze photosystem II,
and a dual wavelength absorbance spectrometer to analyze photosystem I. A ground-breaking pulse-
modulation technique has been developed to measure these two signals concurrently and at outstandingly
high time resolution.

In principle, the system measures a single-channel signal together with a two-channel difference signal. In
the basic system, these two signals are PAM fluorescence of photosystem II, and the absorption change of
photosystem I. The DUAL-PAM-100 is not confined to the analyses of photosystems I and II. For instance,
the accessory “P515/535 emitter-detector module” measures scattering changes as single-channel
absorption signal at 535 nm, and the electrochromic band shift of membrane energization as two-channel
signal with 515 nm as sample and 550 nm as reference wavelength.

Request a Quote

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DUAL-PAM-100

Distinctive Features of the DUAL-PAM-100

Red, blue, and far-red actinic light. Saturating single and multiple turnover flashes.

All light sources can be switched with 2.5 μs time resolution under software control.

Saturation pulse method for photosystem I analysis.

Klughammer-Flux method to determine the number of electrons flowing through a PSI reaction center

per time.

Fully programmable using script files. Macro recorder for easy programming of triggered run tables.

DUAL-PAM-100 Video

Front view of Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-C of the DUAL-PAM-100 and of the DUAL-PAM FIBER-Version, DUAL-PAM/F.

The DUAL-PAM measuring system is available as MODULAR Version (DUAL-PAM-100) and as FIBER Version
(DUAL-PAM/F). The MODULAR Version has light sources and signal detection located in separate measuring
heads, the sample is placed between measuring heads, and photosystem I absorption changes are
measured in the transmission mode. The FIBER Version has light sources and signal detection in the central
unit, the sample is placed in front of the fiber optics, and photosystem I absorption changes are measured
in the remission mode.

The measuring heads of the MODULAR version can be easily exchanged. Using various accessory modules,
the MODULAR VERSION can measure the electronic band shift caused by membrane energization, NADPH
fluorescence, fluorescence of pH-sensitive dyes, and fluorescence at two different wavebands. The FIBER
version lacks this flexibility but may be advantageous when only photosystem II and photosystem I activities
are of interest.

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DUAL-PAM-100

MODULAR Version DUAL-PAM-100

The MODULAR version of the DUAL-PAM-100 measuring system consists of the Power-and-Control-Unit
DUAL-C which can be combined with various emitter and detector heads. Due to novel opto-electronic
components, especially developed for the DUAL-PAM-100 measuring system, all emitter and detector units
are very compact and easy to handle.

The MODULAR Version can be operated with blue or red fluorescence excitation light. When high sensitivity
of fluorescence detection is required, the Photodiode Detector DUAL-DPD and the even more sensitive
Photomultiplier Detector DUAL-DPM can replace the standard measuring head.

Front panel of the Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-C. The device

inputs DETECTOR 1 and DETECTOR 2 are indicated.

Measuring set-up for suspensions using a photomultiplier for

fluorescence detection.

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DUAL-PAM-100

Near infra-red emitter unit (left; DUAL-E) and detector unit (right,
DUAL-DB) connected to a special optical unit for measurement of
suspensions (ED-101US/MD).

DUAL-PAM-100 measuring heads connected to a special optical unit

for measurement of suspensions (ED-101US/MD).

Leaf positioned between two measuring heads of the DUAL-PAM-

100.

Generally, the MODULAR version provides a very flexible design of the measurement setup depending on
the scientific question posed. The subsequent table compiles a number of typical measurement setup of
the DUAL-PAM-100.

Possible Combinations of Emitter-Detectors Modules

Combination Device Input: DETECTOR 1 Device Input: DETECTOR 2

Basic PS II: Chlorophyll fluorescence. Excitation blue (460 nm) or red (620 nm). Emission > 700 nm
Emitter DUAL-E PS I: Dual wavelength absorbance. Sample wavelength 830 nm. Reference wavelength 870 nm
Detector DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR

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DUAL-PAM-100

P515/535 emitter-detector module: Scattering changes: Single wavelength absorbance, 535 nm

Emitter DUAL-EP515 Electrochromic band shift:
Detector DUAL-DP515 Dual wavelength absorbance.
Sample wavelength, 515 nm.
Reference wavelength, 550 nm

P515/535 emitter-detector module: PS II: Chlorophyll fluorescence. Electrochromic band shift:

Emitter DUAL-EP515 Excitation red (620 nm). Dual wavelength absorbance.
Detector DUAL-DP515 Emission > 700 nm. Sample wavelength 515 nm.
Add-on: Detector DUAL-DR Reference wavelength 550 nm

NADPH fluorescence emitter-detector module: PS II: Chlorophyll fluorescence. NADPH formation:

Emitter DUAL-ENADPH Excitation red (620 nm). NADPH fluorescence.
Detector DUAL-DNADPH Emission > 700 nm. Excitation, UV-A (365 nm).
Add-on: Detector DUAL-DR or DUAL-DPD Emission, blue-green (420-580 nm)

Acridine Orange (AO) fluorescence emitter-detector module: Proton gradient:

Emitter DUAL-EAO Fluorescence of pH sensitive dye.
Detector DUAL-DP515 Excitation, blue (455 nm).
Emission, green (500-570 nm)

Acridine Orange (AO) fluorescence emitter-detector module: PS II: Chlorophyll fluorescence. Proton gradient:
Emitter DUAL-EAO Excitation red (620 nm). Fluorescence of pH sensitive dye.
Detector DUAL-DP515 Emission > 700 nm. Excitation, blue (455 nm).
Add-on: Detector DUAL-DR or DUAL-DPD Emission, green (500-570 nm)

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DUAL-PAM-100

FIBER Version DUAL-PAM/F

The power and control unit of the FIBER version, DUAL-PAM/F, contains all actinic and measuring light
sources as well as the photodiode signal detector. Fiberoptics is used to guide light from the power and
control unit to the sample, and to direct light from the sample back.

The DUAL-PAM/F is designed to assess PS II activities by measuring red-induced fluorescence, and PS I

activities by measuring the intensities of reflected light at 830 and 870 nm. The fiberoptics version is
required when opaque samples do not allow P700 measurements in the transmissions mode but it is also
used in field studies and for screening of plant mutant collections.

Front view of FIBER version of DUAL-PAM-100 (DUAL-PAM/F).

Front view of FIBER version of DUAL-PAM-100 (DUAL-PAM/F).

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Accessories for DUAL-PAM/F. From left to right: Leaf holder of

DUAL-BA accessory, fiber optics adapter DUAL-A, leaf clip DUAL-LC
and leaf clip 2030-B.

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Applications for DUAL-PAM-100

Several articles in our internet journal (PAM Application News, PAN) inform about the wide range of
application of the DUAL-PAM-100 measuring system and important aspects of saturation pulse analyses of
PS I and PS II.

Simultaneous measuring chlorophyll fluorescence at short and long

wavelengths

The 90 Degree Measuring Head Holder DUAL-H90 and special optical filters were employed to measure
PAM fluorescence simultaneously in the spectral range below 700 nm (sw) and above 700 nm (lw). The
experimental setup showed that sw fluorescence was more variable, resulting in higher PSII photochemical
yields compared to lw fluorescence. The apparently higher PSII photochemical yields can be explained by
low levels of constant photosystem I fluorescence in the sw spectral window. In the lw range, PSII
photochemical yields are underestimated because of higher photosystem I background fluorescence.

Read online publication

Simultaneous recording of short wavelength (sw) and long

wavelength (lw) fluorescence of a leaf (Cherry laurel, Prunus
laurocerasus L.). A light curve, consisting of 7 light steps with
increasing light intensity, was followed by a dark period.

Simultaneous recording of short wavelength (sw) and long

wavelength (lw) fluorescence of a leaf (common walnut, Juglans
regia L.). Fast fluorescence kinetics for F0, FM determination. In the
present example, lwFV/FM=0.837 and swFV/FM=0.876.

PAN (2009) 2: 1 - 13 – NADPH Determination

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DUAL-PAM-100

New NADPH/9-AA module for the DUAL-PAM-100: Description, operation and examples of application.
By Ulrich Schreiber and Christof Klughammer.

The NADPH/9-AA module is a new accessory of the DUAL-PAM-100 system which excites fluorescence at
365 nm and detects fluorescence in the 420 to 580 nm range. The new module permits measuring of light-
induced changes of NADPH fluorescence in suspensions of isolated chloroplasts, algae and cyanobacteria.
Technical features of the module are outlined and examples of application are introduced. Also
simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll (Chl) and NADPH fluorescence are presented. It is show that
saturation pulses can serve for estimating the extent of NADP reduction in the steady state.

PDF-File

PAN (2008) 1: 27 - 35 – PSII Yield Parameters

Complementary PS II quantum yields calculated from simple fluorescence parameters measured by

PAM fluorometry and the Saturation Pulse method.
By Christof Klughammer and Ulrich Schreiber.

The fate of excitation energy in PS II is comprehensively described by the complementary quantum yields
Y(II) + Y(NPQ) + Y(NO) = 1. It is shown that the simple expressions for Y(NO) and Y(NPQ) proposed by Genty
et al. (1996), which do not contain Fo', are fully equivalent to the much more complex expressions of
Kramer et al. (2004) and are valid for both lake and puddle models. The practical meaning of the
complementary quantum yields is discussed.

PDF-File

PAN (2008) 1: 21 - 24 – Chl b Mutant

Monitoring the effects of reduced PS II antenna size on quantum yields of photosystems I and II using
the DUAL-PAM-100 measuring system. By Erhard Pfündel, Christof Klughammer and Ulrich Schreiber.

The DUAL-PAM-100 is employed to analyze Chl b-less barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare cv. Donaria mutant
chlorina-f2 2800) and the corresponding wild-type leaves. The results show that the small PS II antenna size
in the mutant affects both, PS I and PS II photochemistry.

PDF-File

PAN (2008) 1: 15 - 18 – Heat Stress

Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and quantum yields in PS II and PS I: Analysis of heat-

induced limitations using Maxi-Imaging-PAM and DUAL-PAM-100. By Ulrich Schreiber and Christof
Klughammer.

In this article the large potential of combined measurements with the Maxi version of the Imaging-PAM and
the DUAL-PAM-100 are demonstrated.

PDF-File

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DUAL-PAM-100

PAN (2008) 1: 11 - 14 – PSI Yield Parameters

Saturation Pulse method for assessment of energy conversion in PS I. By Christof Klughammer and Ulrich
Schreiber.

The paper summarizes the theoretical background of the saturating pulse method which is utilized by the
DUAL-PAM-100 instrument to determine the quantum yields of photochemical energy conversion and
nonphotochemical energy dissipation in PS I.

PDF-File

PAN (2008) 1: 1 - 10 – Membrane Potential

New accessory for the DUAL-PAM-100: The P515/535 module and examples of its application. By Ulrich
Schreiber and Christof Klughammer.

The technical features of the P515/535 module are outlined and some typical examples of application are
presented.The device provides information on membrane potential, membrane energization ("scattering"),
and proton gradient, as well as on proton and electron fluxes.

PDF-File

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DUAL-PAM-100

DualPAM Software

General Features and Graphical User Interface

The DualPAM software has been optimized for user-friendliness and efficient management of dual channel
measurements. The software automatically calculates classical fluorescence ratio parameters as well as
more recently suggested fluorescence parameters which consider energy transfer between photosystem II
units.

Further, the software executes saturation pulse analysis of photosystem I to derive information on the use
of energy in this photosystem (Klughammer and Schreiber, 1994, Planta 192: 261-268).

Fig. 1: Dual-channel fluorescence and P700 measurement

The simultaneously measured fluorescence and P700 responses
reflect the interplay of the consecutive light reactions of PS II and PS
I that are connected via the intersystem electron transport chain.
The same transthylakoidal ΔpH that induces nonphotochemical
quenching of Fm' with respect to Fm, causes P700 oxidation.
After light activation of CO2 fixation and subsequent ATP
consumption in the Calvin-Benson cycle, the ΔpH relaxes, as
indicated by parallel re-reduction of P700 and relaxation of
nonphotochemical quenching (increase of Fm').

Fig. 2: Pm and Fm determination

Analysis of PS I parameters is based on a special routine for
assessment of the maximal P700 change (Pm determination), which
involves pre-illumination by far-red (or blue in case of
cyanobacteria) and a saturation pulse that induces maximal P700
oxidation followed by full reduction. The Pm determination is
analogous to Fo, Fm determination.
Note: P700 signal quality matches that of fluorescence even at high
time resolution and signal drift is negligibly small. Hence, using the
Dual-PAM-100 the P700 signal is fully equivalent to the fluorescence
signal.

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Fig. 3: Trigger and settings files

The Dual-PAM-100 combines high flexibility of pre-programmed
measuring parameters with user friendly software. For example, a
special SP trigger window is provided for programming the
saturation pulse for simultaneous P700 and fluorescence analysis.
Triggering events can be programmed with 2.5 µs resolution.
Note: For different applications an unlimited number of trigger files
and user settings files can be saved. In this way all instrument
settings can be reliably reproduced at any time in future
experiments.

Fig. 4: Saturation pulse analysis

Based on the original concept of excitation energy partitioning of
Kramer et al. 2004 (Photosynth Res 79: 209-218) three
complementary quantum yields are defined for PS I in analogy to PS
II:
• Y(I) = 1 - Y(ND) - Y(NA)
• Y(I), photochemical quantum yield of PS I
• Y(ND), quantum yield of nonphotochemical energy dissipation in
PS I due to donor side limitation
• Y(NA), quantum yield of nonphotochemical energy dissipation in
PS I due to acceptor side limitation
• Y(II) = 1- Y(NPQ) - Y(NO)
• Y(II), photochemical quantum yield of PS II
• Y(NPQ), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in PS II
• Y(NO), quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PS II
Fig. 5: Yield plot
The simultaneously measured quantum yields Y(I) and Y(II) are
automatically plotted against each other in the yield plot window.
The depicted example is based on the original slow kinetics
recording of the dark-light induction curve in Fig. 1.
Any deviation of the plotted points from the 1:1 line reflects an
apparent imbalance of the two photosystems, undergoing dynamic
changes during the light induction process.

Fig. 6: Report
All data are automatically saved in an extensive report file, from
where they can be stored on hard disk or exported into a spread-
sheet program (like Excel). All changes of settings are documented.
The report includes slow kinetics recordings as well as the fast
kinetics files for each individual saturation pulse, thus allowing very
thorough analysis of the saved data. The report can be edited by the
user. Explanatory comments can be added.

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DUAL-PAM-100

Fig. 7: Light curve

Light response curves provide detailed information on electron
transport capacity and limitations of the two photosystems. Various
fluorescence and P700 parameters may be selected for display on
the light curve window. Differences between quantum yields, Y(I)
and Y(II) and between apparent electron transport rates, ETR(I) and
ETR(II), may be related to cyclic electron flow, differences in energy
distribution and/or PS I/PS II ratio.
The DualPAM software also supports special “Light Curves” involving
the automated assessment of Fast Kinetics as a function of the state
of illumination.

Fig. 8: Fast kinetics, linear time scale

The polyphasic fluorescence rise upon onset of continuous
saturating light is measured at maximal frequency (400 kHz) of
pulse-modulated measuring light in the single channel fast
acquisition mode. The various rise phases (Fo-I1, I1-I2 and I2-Fm)
reflect different electron transfer steps in PS II. The trigger settings
for switching on/off measuring light and maximal frequency are
pre-programmed for optimal performance (see Fig. 3).
The Dual-PAM-100 offers a special routine to pre-oxidize the PQ-
pool by defined far-red preillumination in order to assure reliable
assessment of fluorescence parameters. Without definition of the
PQ redox state interpretation of the polyphasic rise is problematic.
On the other hand, by comparison of the kinetics +/- FR the
momentary PQ redox state can be evaluated.

Fig. 9: Fast kinetics, log time scale

A log time scale can be applied for assessment of the rapid part of
the polyphasic fluorescence rise. The Fo level is displayed as a
pronounced step. At the given intensity of the saturating light the
half-rise time of Fo-I1 (photochemical phase) is about 100 µs. The I1
level is characterized by another pronounced step, followed by the
"thermal" I1-I2 and I2-Fm phases.
Evaluation of the various phases provides valuable information on
the optical cross-section of PS II and the state of donor and acceptor
sides. The Fo, I1, I2 and Fm levels are analogous to the O, J, I and P-
levels defined by Strasser and co-workers. These levels, however,
are not necessarily identical, due to technical differences between
the applied devices (fluorescence excitation, intensity of saturating
light etc.).

Fig. 10: Slow kinetics and triggered run

Besides standard induction curves (see Fig.1) and manually
controlled “chart recordings”, the Dual-PAM-100 also supports so-
called triggered runs, which involve the triggering of various light
sources at defined times after run-start. Triggered runs can be
derived from manually triggered recordings and edited by the user.
Fig.10 shows a triggered run of a P700 measurement for
assessment of the intersystem pool size involving single and
multiple turnover flashes in the presence of far-red background
light. In addition, the DualPAM software also allows to program
more extended so-called script files, which may involve all actions
that can be carried out manually (i.e. also switching between
different modes of data acquisition, measuring induction/light
curves and fast kinetics etc.).

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DUAL-PAM-100

Accessories for MODULAR Version DUAL-PAM-100

90 Degree Measuring Head Holder DUAL-H90

For fluorescence measurements with leaves. The holder positions two measuring heads so that their optical
axes are at right angles to each other. Fluorescence excitation and detection is at an angle of 45 degrees.
Designed for simultaneously recording short and long wavelength fluorescence (DUAL-PAM-100
application), and for assessment of epidermal UV-A screening (MULTI-COLOR-PAM application).

Combining the DUAL-PAM-100 with Gas Exchange Measurements Using the

DUAL-PAM-100 Gas-Exchange Cuvette (3010-DUAL)

To combine chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 measurements with gas exchange measurements using the
Walz GFS-3000 gas exchange system, we have developed the DUAL-PAM-100 gas-exchange cuvette (3010-
DUAL).

Optical Unit ED-101US/MD

For measurements with suspensions using 10 x 10 mm fluorescence cuvettes, we provide a black aluminum
unit (ED-101US/MD). The unit holds the fluorescence cuvette in its center and has four light ports to connect
standard measuring heads of the DUAL-PAM-100 or alternative fluorescence detectors. A two-part black
cover of the cuvette compartment with syringe port is provided.

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DUAL-PAM-100

Linear Positioning System 3010-DUAL/B

For measurements of leaves or suspensions using the low-drift accessory for DUAL-K25. Employing a high-
quality rack and pinion drive, the system adjusts precisely and smoothly the distance between two
measuring heads, for example, measuring heads DUAL-DB(-DR) and DUAL-E, or measuring heads DUAL-
DP515 and DUAL-EP515.

Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB

Exact light measurements in suspensions (but also in air) can be carried out by the spherical micro
quantum sensor (US-SQS/WB). The sensor has a small, 3.7 mm diameter sphere as the entrance optics.
When the sensor is connected to the DUAL-PAM-100 control unit (DUAL-C), light intensity data will be
acquired and processed by the DualPAM software.

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Photodiode-Detector Unit DUAL-DPD

The DUAL-DPD is used when fluorescence levels of suspensions are too low to be accurately detected by
the DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR heads. Compared to the two latter units, the DUAL-DPD detector is about tenfold
more sensitive permitting measurements down to concentrations of 5 µg Chl/L using the blue modulated
excitation light of the DUAL-DB head. Normally, the DUAL-DPD is mounted on the ED-101US/MD optical
compartment right-angled to the DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR head.

Photomultiplier-Detector Unit DUAL-DPM

The outstanding sensitivity of the photomultiplier DUAL-DPM exceeds the performance of the DUAL-DPD
photodiode. Using the DUAL-DPM in conjunction with the DUAL-DB unit, which provides blue modulated for
fluorescence excitation, allows reliable measurements of suspensions with chlorophyll concentrations
down to 0.5 µg/L. Like the DUAL-DPD photodiode, the DUAL-DPM is mounted on the ED-101US/MD optical
compartment right-angled to the DUAL-DB or DUAL-DR head.

Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS

Settling of particles is prevented by using a miniature magnetic stirrer (US-MS). The stirrer is mounted
directly beneath the sample cuvette. A rotating magnetic field created by the stirrer tip moves a miniature
magnetic stir bar in the cuvette. The stirrer is connected to the DUAL-PAM-100 control unit (DUAL-C).
Stirring can be switched on and off by the DualPAM software.

Temperature Control Unit US-T

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DUAL-PAM-100

The US-T unit consists of a heat-transfer head with a cooling/heating Peltier element, and a separate power-
and-control unit. The heat-transfer head is mounted on top of a Walz optical unit (ED-101US-type) so that
the tip of the rod is in touch with the suspension being investigated. The maximum temperature difference
relative to the ambient temperature is -12 K and +15 K, respectively.

Download the manual for detailed information.

Set of Optical Pinholes DUAL-OP for P700 Measurements

When leaf samples are smaller than the crossectional area of the measuring beam, the measuring light
bypassing the leaf diminishes the P700 signal quality. To prevent the negative effects of bypassing
measuring light, we offer a set of optical pinholes (DUAL-OP) to adjust the crossectional area of the
measuring beam to the sample area.

Temperature Control Block ED-101US/T

For measurements under defined temperatures, a temperature control block (ED- 101US/T) can be
mounted on the optical unit (ED-101US/MD). The block consists of an inner flow-trough metal part which is
slightly pressed on the sample cuvette by a spring mechanism, and an external foam part for temperature
insulation. Temperature control is achieved by an external flow-through water bath (not included)
connected to the temperature block.

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Two-way Adapter for Unilateral Actinic Illumination DUAL-TW

Usually, the MODULAR version of the DUAL-PAM-100 illuminates the sample from two sides. When one-
sided illumination is needed, the P700 emitter DUAL-E is connected via the adapter DUAL-TW to the Power-
and-Control-Unit DUAL-C.

Accessory for Low-Drift Absorbance Measurements DUAL-K25

By employing a vertical optical pathway the DUAL-K25 quartz glass cuvette reduces baseline drifts caused
by particle settling in suspensions of isolated chloroplasts, unicellular algae and cyanobacteria.

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Accessories for FIBER Version DUAL-PAM-100

Leaf Positioning Setup DUAL-BA

The DUAL-BA has been designed for high throughput leaf measurements. For fast sample change, a leaf is
positioned in front of the fiberoptics by a spring steel sheet. The rectangular bended spring steel is fastened
by a neodymium magnet located at the side of the fixture holding the fiberoptics end piece. The spring steel
is moved in a guide slit. The DUAL-BA includes a stand with fiberoptics guide.

Suspension Cuvette KS-2500

The suspension cuvette includes a 400 μl sample compartment made of stainless steel with PVC exterior.
The cuvette is equipped with a 7 mm fiberoptics window adapter, an injection port for Hamilton syringes,
and nozzles for connecting an external flow-through water-bath for temperature control.

Magnetic Stirrer with Fiberoptics Holder MKS-2500

The device is equipped with a specially modified stirrer plate to center and hold the KS-2500 Suspension
Cuvette. The MKS-2500 Magnetic Stirrer comes with a Perspex base plate with stand bar for mounting
fiberoptics on top of cuvette.

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DUAL-PAM-100

Specifications for MODULAR Version DUAL-PAM-100

All specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-C

General design: 2 x AVR-RISC microcontroller (8 MHz) + 4 MB SRAM; 256 000 data points with 12 bit
resolution can be stored

PC interface: USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 compatible

User interface: Windows computer with DualPAM software

Power supply: Rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery 12 V/2 Ah; Battery Charger MINI-PAM/L (100 to
240 V AC)

Power consumption: During basic operation 160 mA

Sockets: 6 ports for measuring heads (power for single wavelength and double wavelength
modulated measuring light, power for 2 LED arrays, input for 2 detectors), socket for stirrer (plus
speed controller and standby switch), AUX (for Leaf Clip 2030-B or Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor
US-SQS/WB or Cosine-Corrected Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/WB), USB (for USB cable), TRIGGER
IN (input for 5 V rectangular signals to trigger fast kinetics externally), TRIGGER OUT (output of 5 V
rectangular signals to trigger external devices), 2 EXT. SIGNALS (input for external DC signals. Range
0 - 1V or 0 - 5 V), and CHARGE (for MINI-PAM/L charger)

Dimensions: 31 cm x 16 cm x 33.5 cm (W x H x D), with carrying handle

Weight: 4.5 kg

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DUAL-PAM-100

Measuring Head with P700 NIR Emitter DUAL-E

Measuring light: P700 dual-wavelength emitter. Sample wavelength 830 nm, reference wavelength
870 nm

Actinic light: Far-red LED lamp: 720 nm. Chip-on-board (COB) LED array: 635 nm for continuous
actinic illumination, maximum 3000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR. Saturating single turnover flashes, maximal
200 000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, adjustable between 5 and 50 μs. Multiple turnover flashes, maximal 30
000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, adjustable between 1 and 1000 ms

Dimensions: 10.5 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 400 g (incl. cables, 1 m long)

Measuring Head with Detector, DUAL-DB (Blue) or DUAL-DR (Red)

Fluorescence-measuring light: 460 nm (DUAL-DB) or 620 nm (DUAL-DR)

Actinic light: Blue (460 nm) LED lamp for continuous actinic illumination, maximum PAR 1100 μmol
m-2 s-1. Chip-on-board LED array identical to that of DUAL-E measuring head

Signal detection: PIN photodiode with special pulse preamplifier for measuring P700 and
fluorescence changes with maximal time resolution of 30 μs. Fluorescence is detected at
wavelengths longer than 700 nm

Dimensions: 15 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 500 g (including cables, 1 m long)

Transport Box

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DUAL-PAM-100

Design: Aluminum box with custom foam packing for DUAL-PAM-100 and accessories

Dimensions: 60 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 5 kg

Computer Requirements

1 free USB socket; 500 or more MB RAM; operating system: Microsoft Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10

Accessories

P515/535 Emitter-Detector Module

P515/535 Emitter Head DUAL-EP515

Measuring light: 520 and 550 nm dual wavelength pair, 535 nm single wavelength

Actinic light: Identical to that of Measuring Head DUAL-E

Dimensions: 15 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 400 g (incl. cable, 1 m long)

P515/535 Detector Head DUAL-DP515

Signal detection: PIN photodiode with special pulse preamplifier. Detection window, 400 nm – 580
nm

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Dimensions: 15 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 400 g (incl. cable, 1 m long)

Acridine Orange Fluorescence Emitter-Detector Module

Acridine Orange Emitter Head DUAL-EAO

AO measuring light: 455 nm

Dimensions: 10.5 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 400 g (incl. cables, 1 m long)

Acridine Orange Detector Head DUAL-DAO

Signal detection: PIN photodiode with special pulse preamplifier. Detection window, 500 nm – 580
nm

Chlorophyll fluorescence measuring light: Modulated excitation at 620 nm

Actinic light: Blue (460 nm) LED lamp for continuous actinic illumination, maximum PAR 700 μmol m-2
s-1. Chip-on-board LED array identical to that of DUAL-E measuring head

Dimensions: 15 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 500 g (incl. cable, 1 m long)

NADPH Fluorescence Emitter-Detector Module

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Emitter Head DUAL-ENADPH

NADPH measuring light: 365 nm

Chlorophyll fluorescence measuring light: Modulated excitation 620 nm

Actinic light: Far red LED lamp: 740 nm. Chip-on-board LED array identical to that of DUAL-E

Dimensions: 15 cm x 5.5 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 500 g

Detector Head DUAL-DNADPH

Signal detection: Blue-sensitive photomultiplier with filter sandwich transmitting from 420-550 nm

Dimensions: 10 cm x 6.5 cm x 10.5 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 460 g (incl. cable, 1 m long)

Detectors with Increased Sensitivity: DUAL-DPD and DUAL-DPM

Photodiode Detector DUAL-DPD

Signal detection: PIN photodiode with special pulse preamplifier. Fluorescence is detected at
wavelengths longer than 650 nm

Filter holder: For optical filters (standard 30 x 30 mm), up to 15 mm thick

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Dimensions: 9.7 cm x 7.1 cm x 7.8 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 350 g

Photomultiplier Detector DUAL-DPM

Signal detection: 8 mm diameter side-on photomultiplier tube with a high voltage power supply
assembled in a compact aluminum housing (Hamamatsu H6779). Two filters are provided for
fluorescence detection at wavelengths > 650 nm or > 700 nm

Filter holder: With cover. For optical filters (standard 30 x 30 mm), up to 15 mm thick

Dimensions: 100 mm x 66 mm x 108 mm (L x W x H)

Weight: 490 g (incl. cable, 1.5 m long)

Amplifier Box PM-101/N

Included in extent of delivery of NADPH/9-AA Photomultiplier Detector Unit or Photomultiplier

Detector DUAL-DPM

Design: Aluminum chassis with texture paint. Line input 115/230 V AC, 50-60 Hz, 0.04/0.02 A. Two
rotary buttons permit selection of 6 coarse amplification factors which 11 subdivisions

Dimensions: 11 cm x 11 cm x 7 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 700 g

Special Cuvettes: ED-101US/MD, DUAL-K25 and 3010-DUAL

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Optical Unit for Suspensions ED-101US/MD

Design: Black-anodized aluminum body with central 10 x 10 mm standard glass cuvette; for
attachment of Measuring Heads DUAL-DB (or DUAL-DR) and DUAL-E and Miniature Magnetic Stirrer
PHYTO-MS; additional ports for attachment of two additional measuring heads (e.g. acridine orange,
and NADPH fluorescence)

Weight: 750 g

Accessories for ED-101US/MD

Temperature Control Block ED-101US/T: Sectioned block with central 10 x 10 mm opening to be

mounted on top of the ED-101US/MD unit; to be connected to external flow-through water bath (not
included), weight: 250 g

Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS: Based on device manufactured by h+p (type Variomag-Mini);
featuring adapter to be mounted in bottom port of the Optical Unit ED-101US/MD; powered and
controlled by the Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-C

Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/WB: 3.7 mm Ø diffusing sphere coupled to integrated
PAR sensor via 2 mm diameter fiber; compact amplifier unit and special holder for mounting on
Optical Unit ED-101US/MD; to be connected to the Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-C

DUAL-PAM-100 Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-DUAL

Design: Cuvette consisting of a sandwich of two 2 x 2 cm aluminum frames, each holding the end
part of a Walz standard Perspex rod to connect various measuring heads of the DUAL-PAM-100.
Sealing material between frames and leaf: silicon foam gasket. Distance between Perspex rod and
leaf: ca. 1 mm on each leaf side

Pneumatically separated upper and lower cuvette halves, controlled by a regulator unit with sockets
for cable connections to the 3000 C control unit of the GFS-3000. Leaf area examined: 1.3 cm2. Leaf
temperature measurement: thermocouple, range -10 to +50 °C, accuracy ±0.2 °C. External cosine-
corrected Micro Quantum Sensor MQS/A for PAR measurements ranging from 0 to 2500 μmol m-2 s-1
, accuracy ±5 %

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Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

Dimensions: Assembled cuvette: 10 cm x 4 cm x 12 cm (L x W x H), electronic box: 7 cm x 7 cm x 15

cm (L x W x H)

Weight: Cuvette, regulator unit, cables, and mounting frame: 1.7 kg; mounting stand ST-101: 2 kg

Cuvette for Low-Drift Absorbance Measurements DUAL-K25

Design: Quartz glass cuvette, cross section: 10 mm x 10 mm, external dimensions: 12.5 mm x 12.5
mm x 26 mm (L x W x H). Special cuvette holder to position the cuvette between two measuring
heads. U-shaped black-anodized aluminum shields to screen out external light. Three sealing
gaskets to protect lower measuring head from spills

Further available accessories

Temperature Control Unit US-T

Power-and-Control Unit US-T/DR

Display: Three line LCD display

Control range: 0 °C to 50 °C at 0.1 K steps

Operating voltage: 11 V - 14 V DC

Maximum Peltier current: 1 A

Size: 105 mm x 90 mm x 130 mm (W x H x D)

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Weight: 0.57 kg

Peltier Heat-Transfer Head US-T/DS

Achievable temperatures: 12 K below ambient temperature, 15 K above ambient temperature

(Quartz cuvette placed in Optical Unit for Suspensions ED-101US/MD with 1.5 mL water and stirrer
PHYTO-MS on)

Size: ⌀ 55 mm, 110 mm height

Cable length: 130 cm

Weight: 0.29 kg (including cable)

AC Adapter

Input: 100 V - 240 V AC 1.5 A 50-60 Hz

Output: 12 V DC 5.5 A

Size: 130 mm x 56 mm x 30 mm (L x W x H)

Weight: 0.50 kg (including cable)

Two-way Adapter for Unilateral Actinic Illumination

Design: Two-way adapter consisting of male and female 15 pin sockets with aluminum housing

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Dimensions: 11 cm x 4 cm x 1.5 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 110 g

Linear Positioning System 3010-DUAL/B

Design: Consisting of black anodized aluminum baseplate with gear rack on which one measuring
head holder is fixed and another measuring head holder is mounted on a movable stage which can
be precisely positioned along the gear rack by a lateral adjustment knop. Includes a 13 cm lab stand
rod which can be screwed-on to the bottom of the baseplate and a 3 mm Allen wrench

Dimensions: 18.5 cm x 11.5 cm x 12 cm (L x W x H, max. without lab stand rod)

Weight: 1050 g

90 Degree Measuring Head Holder DUAL-H90

Design: Right angle bracket made of black anodized aluminum, with metal rod for attachment to a
laboratory stand, each bracket arm with special adapter made of Polyoxymethylene (POM) to
position a measuring head. Including a laboratory scissor jack and non-fluorescent rubber foam mat

Dimensions: Holder, 10.0 cm x 4.0 cm x 5.5 cm (W x D x H). Laboratory scissor jack, 14.0 cm x 12.0
cm x 6.0 cm (W x D x H)

Weight: Holder, 175 g. Laboratory scissor jack, 1370 g

Measuring Head with Blue Measuring Light and Far Red Illumination DUAL-DB/FR

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DUAL-PAM-100

All specifications identical to Measuring Head with Detector DUAL-DB, except double intensity of
blue (460 nm) fluorescence measuring light, and blue actinic light replaced by far red light. (When
operated together with a DUAL-E unit, the far-red light of the DUAL-DB/FR is in-activated unless the
LED array cable of the DUAL-E unit is unplugged.)

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Specifications for FIBER Version DUAL-PAM-100

All specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

Power-and-Control-Unit DUAL-PAM/F

General design: Microcontroller: 2 x AVR-RISC (8 MHz) + 4 MB SRAM; 256 000 data points with 12 bit
resolution can be stored

Measuring light: P700-dual-wavelength-emitter: Sample wavelength 830 nm, reference wavelength

870 nm. Fluorescence emitter: 620 nm

Actinic red light: Far-red LED lamp: 720 nm. Chip-on-board (COB) LED array: 635 nm for continuous
actinic illumination, maximum 4000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR. Saturating single turnover flashes, maximal
200 000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, adjustable between 5 and 50 μs. Multiple turnover flashes, maximal 20
000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, adjustable between 1 and 1000 ms.

Actinic blue light: Blue LED lamp: 460 nm for continuous actinic illumination, maximal 500
μmol m-2 s-1 PAR.

Signal detection: PIN photodiode with special pulse preamplifier for measuring P700 and
fluorescence changes with maximal time resolution of 10 μs

Communication: PC interface: USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 compatible

User interface: Windows computer with DualPAM software

Power supply: Rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery 12 V/2 Ah; Battery Charger MINIPAM/L (100 to
240 V AC)

Power consumption: During basic operation 160 mA

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Sockets: AUX (for Leaf Clip 2030-B or Cosine-Corrected Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/WB), USB (for
USB cable), TRIGGER IN (input for 5 V rectangular signals to trigger fast kinetics externally), TRIGGER
OUT (output of 5 V rectangular signals to trigger external devices), 2 EXT. SIGNALS (input for external
DC signals. Range 0 - 1V or 0 - 5 V), and CHARGE (for MINI-PAM/L charger).

Dimensions: 31 cm x 16 cm x 33.5 cm (W x H x D), with carrying handle

Weight: 4.5 kg

Special Fiberoptics 2010-F

Design: Flexible, steel-spiral, plastic-covered bundle with three-pin optical connector

Joint end (measuring site): Active diameter 6 mm, outer diameter 8 mm

Length: 100 cm

Weight: 300 g

Transport Box Phyto-T

Design: Aluminum box with custom foam packing for DUAL-PAM-100 and accessories

Dimensions: 60 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm (L x W x H)

Weight: 5 kg

Computer Requirements

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DUAL-PAM-100

1 free USB socket; 500 or more MB RAM; operating system: Microsoft Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10

Accessories

Suspension Cuvette KS-2500 and Stirrer MKS-2500

Cuvette: Round stainless steel cuvette (7.5 mm wide, 9.0 mm deep) with top window adapter for
connecting the fiberoptics; embedded in PVC body with injection port for Hamilton syringes and
hose nozzles for connecting an external flow-through water bath (not included). Including three 6.0 x
1.5 mm magnetic stir bars

Magnetic stirrer: To drive the magnetic stir bar in the Suspension Cuvette KS-2500; with PVC ring for
centering the cuvette and miniature stand to fix the fiberoptics on top of the cuvette

Arabidopsis Leaf Holder DUAL-BA

Design: Tube-shaped fiber tip holder composed of polyoxymethylene (POM; 4.5 cm x 2.5 cm, L x D
max,) with recessed permanent neodymium magnet. Spring steel band (0.3 mm thick, 1.5 cm wide)
consisting of two arms (2 cm and 5 cm, respectively) which form a right angle. The leaf is positioned
between the 2 cm arm and the fiber optics tip. The 5 cm arm is attached to the fiber tip holder by
the magnet. The 5 cm arm runs in a slit guide. Including a stand with fiberoptics guide

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WALZ P700 Tutorial - The basics

For the study of photosynthesis, non-invasive photosystem-I probing P700 measurements are not only a
valuable tool in their own right but even more so in combination with fluorescence measurements. This
tutorial, tries to give the viewer a basic understanding of the method, the tools used and some examples of
applications of P700-measurements in photosynthesis research.

DUAL-PAM-100 and its software

The presentation wants to guide (potential) users of the DUAL-PAM-100 through the software written for
this instrument. The goal is to make the viewer familiar with the different settings and application tabs. The
DUAL-PAM-100 has quite a few Tabs but going systematically through these Tabs, it is easy to prepare the
software for an experiment.

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Scientific Publications using Walz Devices

Source: Google Scholar.
Keywords: (Walz OR Waltz) Effeltrich.
Date: February 7, 2024

Ʃ = 11227

Year

Selected Publications for DUAL-PAM-100

2023
Per Year

Beckett RP, Roach T, Minibayeva F, Werth S: Alternative electron transport pathways contribute to
tolerance to high light stress in lichenized algae.

Physiologia Plantarum 175: e13904 (https://doi.org/...)

Bethmann S, Haas A-K, Melzer M, Jahns P: The impact of long-term acclimation to different growth
light intensities on the regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase in different plant species.

Physiologia Plantarum 175: e13998 (https://doi.org/...)

Colpo A, Molinari A, Boldrini P, Živčak M, Brestič M, Demaria S, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Ferroni

L: Thylakoid membrane appression in the giant chloroplast of Selaginella martensii Spring: a
lycophyte challenges grana paradigms in shade-adapted species.

Plant Science 336: 111833 (https://doi.org/...)

Dao O, Burlacot A, Huleux M, Auroy P, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y: Cyclic and pseudo-cyclic electron
pathways play antagonistic roles during nitrogen deficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

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bioRxiv (https://doi.org/...)

Dukic E, van Maldegem KA, Shaikh KM, Fukuda K, Töpel M, Solymosi K, Hellsten J, Hesselhøj
Hansen T, Husted S, Higgins J, Sano S, Ishijima S, Spetea C: Chloroplast magnesium transporters
play essential but differential roles in maintaining magnesium homeostasis.

Frontiers in Plant Science 14: 1221436 (https://doi.org/...)

Hu C, Elias E, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R: Drought affects both photosystems in Arabidopsis thaliana.

New Phytologist 240: 663-675 (https://doi.org/...)

Li X, Ma W, Zhang W, Zhang Y: Novel insights into the contribution of cyclic electron flow to cotton
bracts in response to high light.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24: 5589 (https://doi.org/...)

Obara A, Ogawa M, Oyama Y, Suzuki Y, Kono M: Effects of high irradiance and low water
temperature on photoinhibition and repair of photosystems in Marimo (Aegagropila linnaei) in Lake
Akan, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24: 60 (https://doi.org/...)

Okegawa Y, Sato N, Nakakura R, Murai R, Sakamoto W, Motohashi K: x- and y-type thioredoxins

maintain redox homeostasis on photosystem I acceptor side under fluctuating light.

Plant Physiology, in press (https://doi.org/...)

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DUAL-PAM-100

Sun H, Luan G, Ma Y, Lou W, Chen R, Feng D, Zhang S, Sun J, Lu X: Engineered hypermutation

adapts cyanobacterial photosynthesis to combined high light and high temperature stress.

Nature Communications 14: 1238 (https://doi.org/...)

Tyutereva EV, Dalinova AA, Demchenko KN, Dimitrieva VA, Dubovik VR, Lukinskiy YV, Mitina GV,
Voitsekhovskaja OV, Berestetskiy A: Effects of phytotoxic nonenolides, Stagonolide A and
Herbarumin I, on physiological and biochemical processes in leaves and roots of sensitive plants.

Toxins 15: 234 (https://doi.org/...)

Yu J, Li P, Tu S, Feng N, Chang L, Niu Q: Identification of heat-resistant varieties of non-headed

Chinese cabbage and discovery of heat-resistant physiological mechanisms.

Horticulturae 9: 619 (https://doi.org/...)

Zhou Q, Yamamoto H, Shikanai T: Distinct contribution of two cyclic electron transport pathways to
P700 oxidation.

Plant Physiology 192: 326-341 (https://doi.org/...)

2022

Fang Y, Liu D, Jiang J, He A, Zhu R, Tian L: Photoprotective energy quenching in the red alga
Porphyridium purpureum occurs at the core antenna of the photosystem II but not at its reaction
center.

Journal of Biological Chemistry 298: 101783 (https://doi.org/...)

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Gao S, Pinnola A, Zhou L, Zheng Z, Li Z, Bassi R, Wang G: Light-harvesting complex stress-related

proteins play crucial roles in the acclimation of Physcomitrella patens under fluctuating light
conditions.

Photosynthesis Research 151: 1-10 (https://doi.org/...)

Gao Y, Thiele W, Saleh O, Scossa F, Arabi F, Zhang H, Sampathkumar A, Kühn K, Fernie A, Bock R,
Schöttler MA, Zoschke R: Chloroplast translationial regulation uncovers nonessential
photosynthesis genes as key players in plant cold acclimation.

Plant Cell 34: 2056-2079 (https://doi.org/...)

Guan C, Zhao X, Qu T, Zhong Y, Hou C, Lin Z, Xu J, Tang X, Wang Y: Physiological functional traits
explain morphological variation of Ulva prolifera during the drifting of green tides.

Ecology and Evolution 12: e8504 (https://doi.org/...)

Kusama S, Kojima S, Kimura K, Shimakawa G, Miyake C, Tanaka K, Okumura Y, Nakanishi S:

Order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by
outer membrane deprivation.

Nature Communications 13: 3067 (https://doi.org/...)

Li X, Huang C, Wei P, Zhang K, Dong C, Lan Q, Zheng Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J: Attachment of Ferredoxin:
NADP+ oxidoreductase to phycobilisomes is required for photoheterotrophic growth of the
cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002.

Microorganisms 10: 1313 (https://doi.org/...)

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Miller NT, Ajlani G, Burnap RL: Cyclic electron flow-coupled proton pumping in Synechocystis sp.
PCC6803 is dependent upon NADPH oxidation by the soluble isoform of Ferredoxin:NADP-
oxidoreductase.

Microorganisms 10: 855 (https://doi.org/...)

Schansker G, Ohnishi M, Furutani R, Miyake C: Identification of twelve different mineral deficiencies

in hydroponically grown sunflower plants on the basis of short measurements of the fluorescence
and P700 oxidation/reduction kinetics.

Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 894607 (https://doi.org/...)

Shimakawa G, Krieger-Liszkay A, Roach T: ROS-derived lipid peroxidation is prevented in barely

leaves during senescence.

Physiologia Plantarum 174: e13769 (https://doi.org/...)

Torrado A, Connabeer HM, Röttig A, Pratt N, Baylay AJ, Terry MJ, Moore CM, Bibby TS: Directing
cyanobacterial photosynthesis in a cytochrome c oxidase mutant using a heterologous electron sink.

Plant Physiology 189: 2554-2566 (https://doi.org/...)

Wang H, Wang X-Q, Xing Y-Z, Zhao Q-Y, Zhuang H-F, Huang W: Regulation of chloroplast ATP
synthase modulates photoprotection in the CAM plant Vanilla planifolia.

Cells 11: 1647 (https://doi.org/...)

2021

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Bailey M, Ivanauskaite A, Grimmer J, Akintewe O, Payne AC, Osborne R, Labandera A-M,

Etherington RD, Rantala M, Baginsky S, Mulo P, Gibbs DJ: The Arabidopsis NOT4A E3 ligase
promotes PGR3 expression and regulates chloroplast translation.

Nature Communications 12: 251 (https://doi.org/...)

Figueroa FL, Bonomi-Barufi J, Celis-Plá PSM, Nitschke U, Arenas F, Connan S, Abreu MH, Malta E-J,
Conde-Álvarez R, Chow F, Mata MT, Meyerhoff O, Robledo D, Stengel DB: Short-term effects of
increased CO2, nitrate and temperature on photosynthetic activity in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta)
estimated by different pulse amplitude modulated fluorometers and oxygen evolution.

Journal of Experimental Botany 72: 491–509 (https://doi.org/...)

Havurinne V, Handrich M, Antinluoma M, Gould SB, Tyystjärvi E: Genetic autonomy and low singlet
oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs.

bioRxiv (https://doi.org/...)

Kramer M, Rodriguez-Heredia M, Saccon F, Mosebach L, Twachtmann M, Krieger-Liszkay A, Duffy

C, Knell RJ, Finazzi G, Hanke GT: Regulation of photosynthetic electron flow on dark to light
transition by ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase interactions.

eLife 10: e56088 (https://doi.org/...)

Mallén-Ponce MJ, Huerta MJ, Sánchez-Riego AM, Florencio FJ: Depletion of m-type thioredoxin
impairs photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and oxidative stress in cyanobacteria.

Plant Physiology 187: 1325-1340 (https://doi.org/...)

© 2024 Heinz Walz GmbH | Page 43/67

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Messant M, Shimakawa G, Perreau F, Miyake C, Krieger-Liszkay A: Evolutive differentiation

between alga- and plant-type plastid terminal oxidase: study of plastid terminal oxidase PTOX
isoforms in Marchantia polymorpha.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1862: 148309 (https://doi.org/...)

Ogawa T, Suzuki K, Sonoike K: Respiration interacts with photosynthesis through the acceptor side
of photosystem I, reflected in the dark-to-light induction kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence in the
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 717968 (https://doi.org/...)

Ohnishi M, Furutani R, Sohtome T, Suzuki T, Wada S, Tanaka S, Ifuku K, Ueno D, Miyake C:

Photosynthetic parameters show specific responses to essential mineral deficiencies.

Antioxidants 10: 996 (https://doi.org/...)

Pfündel EE: Simultaneously measuring pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence

of leaves at wavelengths shorter and longer than 700 nm.

Photosynthesis Research 147: 345–358 (https://doi.org/...)

Tan S-L, Huang X, Li W-Q, Zhang S-B, Huang W: Elevated CO concentration alters photosynthetic
2
performances under fluctuating light in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Cells 10: 2329 (https://doi.org/...)

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Tanaka K, Shimakawa G, Tabata H, Kusama S, Miyake C, Nakanishi S: Quantification of NAD(P)H in

cyanobacterial cells by a phenol extraction method.

Photosynthesis Research 148: 57-66 (https://doi.org/...)

Terashima I, Matsuo M, Suzuki Y, Yamori W, Kono M: Photosystem I in low light-grown leaves of

Alocasia odora, a shade-tolerant plant, is resistant to fluctuating light-induced photoinhibition.

Photosynthesis Research 149: 69–82 (https://doi.org/...)

Wei Z, Duan F, Sun X, Song X, Zhou W: Leaf photosynthetic and anatomical insights into
mechanisms of acclimation in rice in response to long-term fluctuating light

Plant, Cell & Environment 44: 747–761 (https://doi.org/...)

Yokochi Y, Yoshida K, Hahn F, Miyagi A, Wakabayashi K-I, Kawai-Yamada M, Weber APM, Hisabori
T: Redox regulation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase is vital for land plants under fluctuating light
environment.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 118: e2016903118 (https://doi.org/...)

Zupok A, Kozul D, Schöttler MA, Niehörster J, Garbsch F, Liere K, Fischer A, Zoschke R, Malinova I,
Bock R, Greiner S: A photosynthesis operon in the chloroplast genome drives speciation in evening
primroses.

The Plant Cell 33: 2583-2601 (https://doi.org/...)

2020

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Basso L, Yamori W, Szabo I, Shikanai T: Collaboration between NDH and KEA3 allows maximally
efficient photosynthesis after a long dark adaptation.

Plant Physiology 184: 2078-2090 ( https://doi.org/...)

Bielczynski LW, Schansker G, Croce R: Consequences of the reduction of the photosystem II

antenna size on the light acclimation capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant, Cell & Environment 43: 866-879 (https://doi.org/...)

Kono M, Kawaguchi H, Mizusawa N, Yamori W, Suzuki Y, Terashima I: Far-red light accelerates

photosynthesis in the low-light phases of fluctuating light.

Plant & Cell Physiology 61: 192-202 (https://doi.org/...)

Okegawa Y, Basso L, Shikanai T, Motohashi K: Cyclic electron transport around PSI contributes to
photosynthetic induction with thioredoxin f.

Plant Physiology 184: 1291-1302 (https://doi.org/...)

Rantala S, Lempiänen T, Gerotto C, Tiwari A, Aro E-M, Tikkanen M: PGR5 and NDH-1 systems do
not function as protective electron acceptors but mitigate the consequences of PSI inhibition.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1861: 148154 ( https://doi.org/...)

Su L, Lv A, Wen W, Zhou P, An Y: Auxin is involved in magnesium-mediated photoprotection in

photosystems of alfalfa seedlings under aluminium stress.

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Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 746 ( https://doi.org/...)

Wei L, Fan B, Yi J, Xie T, Liu K, Ma W: Mechanistic insights into pH-dependent H2 photoproduction in

bisulfite-treated Chlamydomonas cells.

Biotechnology for Biofuels 13: 64 ( https://doi.org/...)

Xu, P, Chukhutsina VU, Nawrocki WJ, Schansker G, Bielczynski LW, Lu Y, Karcher D, Bock R, Croce
R: Photosynthesis without β-carotene.

eLife 9: e58984 ( https://doi.org/...)

2019

Dann M, Leister D: Evidence that cyanobacterial Sll1217 functions analogously tot PGRL1 in
enhancing PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow.

Nature Communications 10: 5299 ( https://doi.org/...)

Höhner R, Correa Galvis V, Strand DD, Völkner C, Krämer M, Messer M, Dinc F, Sjuts I, Bölter B,
Kramer DM, Armbruster U, Kunz H-H: Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis is unaffected by the function of
the function of the vacuolar K+ channel TPK3

Plant Physiology 180: 1322-1335 ( https://doi.org/...)

Mazur R, Mostowska A, Szach J, Gieczewska K, Wójtowicz J, Bednarska K, Garstka M, Kowalewska:

Galactolipid deficiency disturbs spatial arrangement of the thylakoid network in Arabidopsis thaliana
plants.

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Journal of Experimental Botany 70: 4689-4703 ( https://doi.org/...)

Sello S, Meneghesso A, Alboresi A, Baldan B, Morosinotto T: Plant biodiversity and regulation of

photosynthesis in the natural environment.

Planta 249: 1217-1228 ( https://doi.org/...)

Tian L, Nawrocki WJ, Liu X, Polukhina I, van Stokkum IHM, Croce R: pH dependence, kinetics and
light-harvesting regulation of nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 116: 8320-8325 ( https://doi.org/...)

Zivcak M, Brestic M, Botyanszka L, Chen Y-E, Allakhverdiev SI: Phenotyping of isogenic chlorophyll-
less bread and durum wheat mutant lines in relation to photoprotection and photosynthetic
capacity.

Photosynthesis Research, in press ( https://doi.org/...)

2018

Digruber T, Sass L, Cseri A, Paul K, Nagy AV, Remenyik J, Molnar I, Vass I, Toldi O, Csaba G, Dudits
D: Stimulation of energy willow biomass with triacontanol and seaweed extract.

Industrial Crops and Products 120: 104-112 ( https://doi.org/...)

Wada S, Suzuki Y, Tagaki D, Miyake C, Makino A: Effects of genetic manipulation of the activity of
photorespiration on the redox state of photosystem I and its robustness against excess light stress
under CO2-limited conditions in rice.

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Photosynthesis Research 137: 431-441 ( https://doi.org/...)

Wada S, Yamamoto H, Suzuki Y, Yamori W, Shikanai T, Makino A: Flavodiiron protein substitutes

for cyclic electron flow without competing CO2 assimilation in rice.

Plant Physiology 176: 1509-1518 ( https://doi.org/...)

2017

Tikkanen M, Rantala S, Grieco M, Aro E-M: Comparative analysis of mutant plants impaired in the
main regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic light reactions – from biophysical measurements to
molecular mechanisms.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 112: 290-301 ( https://doi.org/...)

2016

Naranjo B, Mignée C, Krieger-Liszkay A, Hornero-Méndez D, Gallardo-Guerrero L, Cejudo FJ,

Lindahl M: The chloroplast NADPH thioreductase C, NTRC, controls non-photochemical quenching of
light energy and photosynthetic electron transport in Arabidopsis.

Plant, Cell and Environment 39: 804-822 ( https://doi.org/...)

Sejima T, Hanawa H, Shimakawa G, Takagi D, Suzuki Y, Fukayama H, Makino A, Miyake C: Post-

illumination transient O2-uptake is driven by photorespiration in tobacco leaves.

Physiologia Plantarum 156: 227-238 ( https://doi.org/...)

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Yamamoto H, Takahashi S, Badger MR, Shikanai T: Artificial remodeling of alternative electron flow
by flavodiiron proteins in Arabidopsis.

Nature Plants 2: 16012 ( https://doi.org/...)

2015

Deng C, Pan X, Zhang D: Influence of ofloxacin on photosystems I and II activities of Microcystis

aeruginosa and the potential role of cyclic electron flow.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 119: 159–164 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Qiao H, Fan X, Xu D, Ye N, Wang J, Cao S: Artificial leaf aids analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and
P700 absorbance in studies involving microalgae.

Phycological Research 63: 72–76 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Wang C, Yamamoto H, Shikanai T: Role of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I in

regulating proton motive force.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics (in press) ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

2014

Gao S, Zheng Z, Gu W, Xie X, Huan L, Pan G, Wang G: Photosystem I shows a higher tolerance to
sorbitol-induced osmotic stress than photosystem II in the intertidal macro-algae Ulva prolifera
(Chlorophyta).

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Physiologia Plantarum 152: ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Holland SC, Kappell AD, Burnap RL: Redox changes accompanying inorganic carbon limitation in
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics 1847: 355–363 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Kauny J, Sétif P: NADPH fluorescence in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: A versatile
probe for in vivo measurements of rates, yields and pools.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics Volume 1837: 792–801 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Lei Y-B, Zheng Y-L, Dai K-J, Duan B-L, Cai Z-Q: Different responses of photosystem I and
photosystem II in three tropical oilseed crops exposed to chilling stress and subsequent recovery.

Trees 28: 923-933 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Ranjan S, Singh R, Singh M, Pathre UV, Shirke PA: Characterizing photoinhibition and
photosynthesis in juvenile-red versus mature-green leaves of Jatropha curcas L.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 79: 48–59 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Sen K, Ghosh A, Chakraborty M, Maity S, Ghosh S, DasGupta M: Trans-thylakoid ∆pH dependent

oscillation of FPSI/FPSII under continuous irradiance in isolated thylakoids.

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 46: 71-82 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Singh R, Naskar J, Pathre UV, Shirke PA: Reflectance and cyclic electron flow as an indicator of
drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Photochemistry and Photobiology 90: 544–551 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Tikkanen M, Mekala NR, Aro E-M: Photosystem II photoinhibition-repair cycle protects Photosystem
I from irreversible damage.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics 1837: 210–215 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Tongra T, Bharti S, Jajoo A: Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is enhanced at low pH.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 83: 194–199 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

White S, Anandraj A, Trois C: NADPH fluorescence as an indicator of hydrogen production in the

green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39: 1640–1647 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Zhang G, Liu Y, Ni Y, Meng Z, Lu T, Li T: Exogenous Calcium Alleviates Low Night Temperature Stress
on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Tomato Leaves.

PLoS ONE 9: e97322 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Zhao J, Gao F, Zhang J, Ogawa T, Ma W: NdhO, a subunit of NADPH dehydrogenase, destabilizes

medium size complex of the enzyme in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803.

Journal of Biological Chemistry 289: 26669-26676 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

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2013

Cao S, Zhang X, Xu D, Fan X, Mou S, Wang Y, Ye N, Wang W: A transthylakoid proton gradient and
inhibitors induce a non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in unicellular algae Nannochloropsis
sp.

FEBS Letters 587: 1310–1315 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Deng Cn, Zhang D, Pan X, Chang F, Wang S: Toxic effects of mercury on PSI and PSII activities,
membrane potential and transthylakoid proton gradient in Microsorium pteropus.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 127: 1–7 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Dewez D, Perreault F: Effect of the anthocyanic epidermal layer on Photosystem II and I energy
dissipation processes in Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 35: 463-472 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Dobrikova AG, Domonkos I, Sözer Ö, Laczkó-Dobos H, Kis M, Párducz Á, Gombos Z, Apostolova EL:
Effect of partial or complete elimination of light-harvesting complexes on the surface electric
properties and the functions of cyanobacterial photosynthetic membranes.

Physiologia Plantarum 147: 248–260 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Gao S, Niu J, Chen W, Wang G, Xie X, Pan G, Gu W, Zhu D: The physiological links of the increased
photosystem II activity in moderately desiccated Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) to the
cyclic electron flow during desiccation and re-hydration.

Photosynthesis Research 116: 45-54 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Huang W, Fu P-L, Jiang Y-J, Zhang J-L, Zhang S-B, Hu H, Cao K-F: Differences in the responses of
photosystem I and photosystem II of three tree species Cleistanthus sumatranus, Celtis philippensis
and Pistacia weinmannifolia exposed to a prolonged drought in a tropical limestone forest.

Tree Physiology 33: 211-220 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Klughammer C, Siebke K, Schreiber U: Continuous ECS-indicated recording of the proton-motive

charge flux in leaves.

Photosynthesis Research (DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9884-4) ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Pfündel EE, Klughammer C, Meister A, Cerovic ZG: Deriving fluorometer-specific values of relative
PSI fluorescence intensity from quenching of F0 fluorescence in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana and
Zea mays.

Photosynthesis Research 114: 189-206 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Sukhov VS, Sherstneva ON, Surova LM, Rumiantsev EA, Vodeneev VA: Influence of a variation
potential on photosynthesis in pumpkin seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L.)

Biophysics 58: 361–365 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

2012

Essemine J, Govindachary S, Ammar S, Bouzid S, Carpentier R: Enhanced sensitivity of the

photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress in digalactosyl-diacylglycerol deficient Arabidopsis.

Environmental and Experimental Botany 80: 16–26 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Gao S, Wang G: The enhancement of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I improves the
recovery of severely desiccated Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

Journal of Experimental Botany ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Huang W, Yang S-J, Zhang S-B, Zhang J-L, Cao K-F: Cyclic electron flow plays an important role in
photoprotection for the resurrection plant Paraboea rufescens under drought stress.

Planta 235: 819-828 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Johnson MP, Zia A, Ruban AV: Elevated ΔpH restores rapidly reversible photoprotective energy
dissipation in Arabidopsis chloroplasts deficient in lutein and xanthophyll cycle activity.

Planta 235: 193-204 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Krupinska K, Mulisch M, Hollmann J, Tokarz K, Zschiesche W, Kage H, Humbeck K, Bilger W: An

alternative strategy of dismantling of the chloroplasts during leaf senescence observed in a high-
yield variety of barley.

Physiologia Plantarum 144: 189–200 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Michelet L, Krieger-Liszkay A: Reactive oxygen intermediates produced by photosynthetic electron

transport are enhanced in short-day grown plants.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics 1817: 1306–1313 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Qiao H, Wang G, Liu K, Gu W: Short-term effects of acetate and microaerobic conditions onm
photosynthesis and respiration in Chlorella sorokiniana GXNN 01 (Chlorophyta).

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Journal of Phycology 48: 992–1001 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Sukhov V, Orlova L, Mysyagin S, Sinitsina J, Vodeneev V: Analysis of the photosynthetic response

induced by variation potential in geranium.

Planta 235: 703-712 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Yamori W, Sakata N, Suzuki Y, Shikanai T, Makino A: Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I via
chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex performs a significant physiological role during
photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature in rice.

Physiologia Plantarum 144: 189–200 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Yang R-L, Zhou W, Shen S-D, Wang G-C, He L-W, Pan G-H: Morphological and photosynthetic
variations in the process of spermatia formation from vegetative cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda
(Bangiales, Rhodophyta) and their responses to desiccation.

Planta 235: 885-893 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

2011

Battchikova N, Wei L, Du L, Bersanini L, Aro E-M, Ma W: Identification of novel Ssl0352 protein

(NdhS), essential for efficient operation of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, in
NADPH:plastoquinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1) complexes of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry 286: 36992-37001 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Bernát G, Appel J, Ogawa T, Rögner M: Distinct roles of multiple NDH-1 complexes in the
cyanobacterial electron transport network as revealed by kinetic analysis of P700+ reduction in
various ndh-deficient mutants of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803.

Journal of Bacteriology 193: 292-295 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Bhola V, Desikan R, Santosh SK, Subburamu K, Sanniyasi E, Bux F: Effects of parameters affecting
biomass yield and thermal behaviour of Chlorella vulgaris.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 111: 377–382 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Chen J-H, Sun Y, Sun F, Xia X-L, Yin W-L: Tobacco plants ectopically expressing the Ammopiptanthus
mongolicus AmCBL1 gene display enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.

Plant Growth Regulation 63: 259-269 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Coopman RE, Briceño VF, Corcuera LJ, Reyes-Díaz M, Alvarez D, Sáez K, García-Plazaola JI, Alberdi
M, Bravo LA: Tree size and light availability increase photochemical instead of non-photochemical
capacities of Nothofagus nitida trees growing in an evergreen temperate rain forest.

Tree Physiology 31: 1128-1141 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Gao S, Shen S, Wang G, Niu J, Lin A, Pan G: PSI-driven cyclic electron flow allows intertidal macro-
algae Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta) to survive in desiccated conditions.

Plant and Cell Physiology 52: 885-893 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Krieger-Liszkay A, Kós PB, Hideg É: Superoxide anion radicals generated by methylviologen in

photosystem I damage photosystem II.

Physiologia Plantarum 142: 17–25 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Lü F, Wang G, Jin H: Photosynthetic responses of thalli and isolated protoplasts of Bryopsis hypnoides
(Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) during dehydration.

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology: 29: 334-342 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Ma Z, Gao K, Li W, Xu Z, Lin H, Zheng Y: Impacts of chlorination and heat shocks on growth,

pigments and photosynthesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae).

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 397: 214–219 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Niewiadomska E, Bilger W, Gruca M, Mulisch M, Miszalski Z, Krupinska K: CAM-related changes in

chloroplastic metabolism of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

Planta 233: 275-285 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Petersen K, Schöttler M A, Karcher D, Thiele W, Bock R: Elimination of a group II intron from a

plastid gene causes a mutant phenotype.

Nucleic Acids Res 39: 5181-5192 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

White S, Anandraj A, Bux F: PAM fluorometry as a tool to assess microalgal nutrient stress and
monitor cellular neutral lipids.ö.

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Bioresource Technology 102: 1675–1682 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Zhang Y-L, Hu Y-Y, Luo H-H, Chow WS, Zhang W-F: Two distinct strategies of cotton and soybean
differing in leaf movement to perform photosynthesis under drought in the field.

Functional Plant Biology 38: 567-575 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

2010

Chen J, Wang P, Mi H-L, Chen G-Y, Xu D-Q: Reversible association of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate
carboxylase/oxygenase activase with the thylakoid membrane depends upon the ATP level and pH
in rice without heat stress.

Journal of Experimental Botany 61: 2939-2950 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Coopman RE, Fuentes-Neira FP, Briceño VF, Cabrera HM, Corcuera LJ, Bravo LA: Light energy
partitioning in photosystems I and II during development of Nothofagus nitida growing under
different light environments in the Chilean evergreen temperate rain forest.

Trees - Structure and Function 24: 247-259 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Huang W, Zhang S-B, Cao K-F: The different effects of chilling stress under moderate light intensity
on photosystem II compared with photosystem I and subsequent recovery in tropical tree species.

Photosynthesis Research 103: 175-182 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Hung C-H, Hwang HJin, Chen Y-H, Chiu Y-F, Ke S-C, Burnap RL, Chu H-A: Spectroscopic and
functional characterizations of cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 mutants on and near the

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heme axial-ligand of cytochrome B559 in photosystem II.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 5653-5663 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Lípová L, Krchňák P, Komenda J, Ilík P: Heat-induced disassembly and degradation of chlorophyll-

containing protein complexes in vivo.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1797: 63-70 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Ma W, Mi H, Shen Y: Influence of the redox state of QA on phycobilisome mobility in the

cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803.

Journal of Luminescence 130: 1169–1173 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Saldaña AO, Hernández C, Coopman RE, Bravo LA, Corcuera L: Differences in light usage among
three fern species of genus Blechnum of contrasting ecological breadth in a forest light gradient.

Ecological Research 25: 273-281 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Wang Z, Wang G, Niu J, Wang W, Peng G: Optimization of conditions for tetraspore release and
assessment of photosynthetic activities for different generation branches of Gracilaria lemaneiformis
Bory.

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 28: 738-748 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

2009

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Aronsson H, Schöttler MA, Kelly AA, Sundqvist C, Dörmann P, Karim S, Jarvis P:

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol deficiency in Arabidopsis affects pigment composition in the
prolamellar body and impairs thylakoid membrane energization and photoprotection in leaves.

Plant Physiology 148, 580–592 (http://www.plantphysiol.org/...)

Bernard DG, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Balk J: An allelic mutant series of ATM3 reveals its key role in the
biogenesis of cytosolic iron-sulfur proteins in Arabidopsis.

Plant Physiology 151: 590–602 ( http://cstm.ibcas.ac.cn/... .pdf)

Bernát G, Waschewski N, Rögner M: Towards efficient hydrogen production: the impact of antenna
size and external factors on electron transport dynamics in Synechocystis PCC 6803.

Photosynthesis Research 99: 205-216 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Chen J, Xia X, Yin W: Expression profiling and functional characterization of a DREB2-type gene from
Populus euphratica.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 378: 483-487 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Chiua YF, Lin W-C, Wu C-M, Chen Y-H, Hung C-H, Ke SC, Chu H-A: Identification and characterization
of a cytochrome b559 Synechocystis 6803 mutant spontaneously generated from DCMU-inhibited
photoheterotrophical growth conditions.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1787: 1179-1188 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Damkjær JT, Kereïche S, Johnson MP, Kovacs L, Kiss AZ, Boekema EJ, Ruban AV, Horton P, Jansson
S: The photosystem II light-harvesting protein Lhcb3 affects the macrostructure of photosystem II
and the rate of state transitions in Arabidopsis.

The Plant Cell 21:3245-3256 ( http://www.plantcell.org/...)

Grams TEE, Lautner S, Felle HH, Matyssek R, Fromm J: Heat-induced electrical signals affect
cytoplasmic and apoplastic pH as well as photosynthesis during propagation through the maize leaf.

Plant Cell & Environment 32: 319–326 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Grouneva I, Jakob T, Wilhelm C, Goss R: The regulation of xanthophyll cycle activity and of non-
photochemical fluorescence quenching by two alternative electron flows in the diatoms
Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Cyclotella meneghiniana.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1787: 929-938 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Hölzl G, Witt S, Gaude N, Melzer M, Schöttler MA, Dörmann P: The role of diglycosyl lipids in
photosynthesis and membrane lipid homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Plant Physiology 150:1147-1159 ( http://www.plantphysiol.org/...)

Johnson MP, Pérez-Bueno ML, Zia A, Horton P, Ruban AV: The zeaxanthin-independent and
zeaxanthin-dependent qE components of nonphotochemical quenching involve common
conformational changes within the photosystem II antenna in Arabidopsis.

Plant Physiology 149:1061-1075 ( http://www.plantphysiol.org/...)

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Johnson MP, Ruban AV: Photoprotective energy dissipation in higher plants involves alteration of
the excited state energy of the emitting chlorophyll(s) in the light harvesting antenna II (LHCII).

Journal of Biological Chemistry 284: 23592-23601 ( http://www.jbc.org/...)

Kromkamp JC, Beardall J, Sukenik A, Kopecky J, Masojidek J, van Bergeijk S, Gabai S, Shaham E,
Yamshon A: Short-term variations in photosynthetic parameters of Nannochloropsis cultures grown
in two types of outdoor mass cultivation systems.

Aquatic Microbial Ecology 56: 309–322 (http://www.int-res.com/... .pdf)

Lin A-P, Wang G-C, Yang F, Pan G-H: Photosynthetic parameters of sexually different parts of
Porphyra katadai var. hemiphylla (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) during dehydration and re-hydration.

Planta 229: 803-810 ( http://dx.doi.org/...)

Perreault F, Ait Ali N, Saison C, Popovic R, Juneau P: Dichromate effect on energy dissipation of
photosystem II and photosystem I in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B. Biology 96: 24-29 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Schultze M, Forberich B, Rexroth S, Dyczmons NG, Rögner M, Appel J: Localization of cytochrome b6

f complexes implies an incomplete respiratory chain in cytoplasmic membranes of the
cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1787: 1479-1485 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Sukenik A, Beardall J, Kromkamp JC, Kopecky J, Masojidek J van Bergeijk S, Gabai S, Shaham E,
Yamshon A: Photosynthetic performance of outdoor Nannochloropsis mass cultures under a wide
range of environmental conditions.

Aquatic Microbial Ecology 56: 297–308 (http://www.int-res.com/... .pdf)

Tillich M, Hardel SL, Kupsch C, Armbruster U, Delannoy E, Gualberto JM., Lehwark P, Leister D,
Small ID, Schmitz-Linneweber C: Chloroplast ribonucleoprotein CP31A is required for editing and
stability of specific chloroplast mRNAs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 6002-6007
(http://www.pnas.org/...)

Tóth SZ, Puthur JT, Nagy V, Garab G: Experimental evidence for ascorbate-dependent electron
transport in leaves with inactive oxygen-evolving complexes.

Plant Physiology 149:1568-1578 (http://www.plantphysiol.org/...)

Tsunoyama Y, Bernát G, Dyczmons NG, Schneider D, Rögner M: Multiple Rieske proteins enable
short- and long-term light adaptation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Journal of Biological Chemistry 284: 27875-27883 (http://www.jbc.org/...)

2008

Bailey S, Melis A, Mackey KRM, Cardol P, Finazzi G, van Dijken G, Berg G, Arrigo K, Shrager J,
Grossman A: Alternative photosynthetic electron flow to oxygen in marine Synechococcus.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1777: 269-276 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

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Ehlert B, Schöttler MA, Tischendorf G, Ludwig-Müller J, Bock R: The paramutated SULFUREA locus
of tomato is involved in auxin biosynthesis.

Journal of Experimental Botany 59: 3635-3647 (http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/...)

Ma WM, Chem L, Wei LZ, Wang QX: Excitation energy transfer between photosystems in the
cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803.

Journal of Luminescence 128: 546-548 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Ma WM, Wei LZ, Wang QX: The response of electron transport mediated by active NADPH
dehydrogenase complexes to heat stress in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803.

Science in China Series C: Life Sciences 51: 1082-1087 (http://dx.doi.org/...)

Perreault F, Ait Ali N, Saison C, Juneau P, Popovic R: Alteration of energy dissipation by dichromate
in xanthophyll deficient mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In JF Allen, E Gantt, JH Golbeck, B
Osmond (eds) Photosynthesis.

Energy from the Sun. 14th International Congress on Photosynthesis, 2008 Springer, 1407–1411
(http://dx.doi.org/...)

Rogalski M, Schöttler MA, Thiele W, Schulze WX, Bock R: Rpl33, a nonessential plastid-encoded
ribosomal protein in tobacco, is required under cold stress conditions.

Plant Cell 20: 2221-2237 (http://www.plantcell.org/...)

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Downloads for DUAL-PAM-100

Software DualPAM V3.21

PC software DualPAM V3.21 (Windows 10)

EXE-File (20.4 MB)

Sample data for PC software DualPAM

ZIP-File (1.6 MB)

Manuals & Documentation

Manual on MODULAR and FIBER versions of DUAL-PAM systems, and thorough description of the
DualPAM software.
PDF-File (6.3 MB)

Manual for Temperature Control Unit US-T

PDF-File (1 MB)

Manual for DUAL-H90 Holder

PDF-File (1 MB)

Manual for P515/535-Emitter-Detector-Module

PDF-File (2 MB)

Manual for NADPH and Acridine Orange Fluorescence Emitter-Detector Modules

PDF-File (6.1 MB)

Manual for DUAL-DPM Photomultiplier-Detector Module

PDF-File (250 kB)

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DUAL-PAM-100

Manual for DUAL-K25 Quartz Glass Cuvette for Suspensions

PDF-File (1.2 MB)

Manual for DUAL-BA Leaf Positioning Device

PDF-File (1 MB)

Manual for 3010-DUAL Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette

PDF-File (1.3 MB)

Brochure DUAL-PAM-100
PDF-File (2.4 MB)

PAM Application Notes PAN

Relevant PAN E-Journals for DUAL-PAM-100

PAN (2009) 2: 1 - 13, PDF-File (8.3 MB)

PAN (2008) 1: 27 - 35, PDF-File (260 kB)

PAN (2008) 1: 21 - 24, PDF-File (210 kB)

PAN (2008) 1: 15 - 18, PDF-File (620 kB)

PAN (2008) 1: 11 - 14, PDF-File (190 kB)

PAN (2008) 1: 1 - 10, PDF-File (990 kB)

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