TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT OF MOTOR SHOWROOM

• NAME: Muhammad Albahi

• TA:2024/2025

• SMKS MUHAMMADIYAH 16 Desa pon

FOREWORD

We praise and thank Allah SWT, who has given us the opportunity and
ability to complete this paper. This paper is titled “Automotive
Equipment” and aims to provide an explanation of the various
equipment used in the automotive field.

In this paper, we will discuss the types of automotive equipment, their

functions and uses, as well as their proper usage. We hope that this
paper can provide benefits to readers, especially those who want to
learn more about automotive equipment.
We would also like to express our gratitude to all parties who have
helped us in completing this paper. May this paper become a useful
source of information for readers.

SEI BAMBAN, 5 FEBRUARY 2025

Author: Muhammad Albahi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The rapid development of motorcycles in Indonesia has brought fresh

air to the growth of workshop businesses or motorcycle accessories
sales. Specifically for motorcycle workshops, consumers are now faced
with many choices, whether to service their motorcycles at an official
ATPM (Authorized Main Dealer) workshop or at an unofficial workshop.

It must be acknowledged that the workshop business is now very

attractive and promising, and will not decline. Just look around us, in
addition to the many official workshops from ATPM, there is also the
growth of roadside workshops, ranging from ordinary kiosks to
luxurious shophouses.

All this is happening due to the large population of two-wheeled

motorized vehicles, which has now reached millions. This large number
of motorcycle populations, at the very least, requires routine
maintenance or servicing to keep the motorcycle in prime condition.

However, here we as consumers need to be vigilant, because not all

workshops can provide good service or services that meet our
expectations. In fact, many workshops are found to be careless in their
work, and some workshops are very busy but provide satisfactory
results.

In general, hand tools can be categorized into several parts, including:

a. Fastening tools, such as spanners and screwdrivers

b. Holding or clamping tools, such as pliers and grips
c. Impact tools, such as hammers and punches
d. Marking, measuring, and metering tools, such as steel rules and
scribers
e. Cutting tools, such as files and hacksaws
f. Portable hand tools, such as portable grinders and portable drills

1.2 Purpose of Writing

a. To identify the types of hand tools

b. To understand the use and function of each hand tool

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition

In automotive workshops or workbench workshops, there are two types

of work aids, namely hand tools and power tools. These two types of
tools are distinguished by their power source, hand tools rely solely on
human power, while power tools use auxiliary power from machines,
such as electric motor-powered grinding machines.

Key is a tool used to open and lock, such as door keys, cabinet keys,
drawer keys, and others. In the context of workshop equipment, a key
has the same function, which is to loosen and tighten (lock) a bolt
against its nut or vice versa.

Understanding and mastering the functions of hand tools or automotive

workshop equipment is the foundation for an automotive mechanic. By
understanding and mastering the functions of hand tools commonly
found in automotive workshops, a mechanic can complete their work
accurately. Moreover, the use of hand tools that do not match their
functions can be avoided.

In this article, Guru Otomotif continues the discussion from the

previous article about the types of hand tools commonly used in
automotive workshops.
The term “bolt” or “nut” in this context refers to the shape of the head,
not the thread. The bolt head can be hexagonal, square, or have a
square hole or star-shaped hole in the center, but it is not tapered
inward.

For keys used to open bolts with holes in the center of the head, the
name also depends on the shape of the handle. If applied with a handle
like a screwdriver, it is often also called a screwdriver.

2.2 Types of Hand Tools

1. Open-End Spanner (Kunci Pas)

The open-end spanner is made of high-tensile steel, specifically

Chrome Vanadium alloy, and has a shank with heads at each end that
form a 15-degree angle with the shank. In a special design, there is an
open-end spanner with a jaw direction of 90 degrees from the shank.

It is used to loosen bolts or nuts that have been loosened with a socket
wrench or ring. The open-end spanner can quickly loosen bolts.
However, it should not be used to tighten or loosen bolts that are still
tight, as it can damage the bolt or nut head, considering the small
contact area.

Generally, the head size is different between sides, for example, 9 mm

and 10 mm.

2. Combination Spanner (Kunci Pas-Ring)

Can be used to tighten or loosen bolts/nuts, especially in areas
inaccessible to socket wrenches. The combination spanner is practical,
as the ring part can be used for tightening/loosening, while the open-
end part can be used for quick release.

Be careful when tightening small-sized bolts/nuts, as it can cause the

bolt to break.

3. Offset Ring Spanner (Kunci Ring)

The common offset angle is 45o, but not always. This angle allows the
spanner to fit perfectly on the nut/bolt, even in difficult positions. If a
flatter spanner is used, there may be insufficient space.

The square end fully covers the nut/bolt corner, minimizing the risk of
the wrench slipping. When opening bolts in limited spaces, the wrench
can be lifted and reinserted.

Do not use extensions on the wrench to increase torque. The wrench is

not designed for extensions, as it may not withstand and can slip or be
damaged, leading to injury.

4. Flare Nut Spanner (Kunci Nipel)

This spanner is used to tighten/loosen bolts on pipe connections similar
to those used on injector lines or brake pipes. The flare nut wrench has
a shape similar to a standard box-end wrench, but with a different slot
at the end and jaw.

The wrench ends are angled 15 degrees from the shank, and the size is
marked in the center.

This type of wrench is designed to loosen or tighten ferrule nuts on fuel

lines and should not be used for general-purpose or high-torque
applications. DO NOT use extensions or hit with a hammer to multiply
force. Flare nut wrenches are not designed for such use and can slip off
the fastener or break, causing injury. When using the wrench, pull it,
avoid pushing or pressing. If you must press, do so with an open hand.

5. Speed Brace

This tool is used to quickly loosen bolts or nuts that have already been
loosened. Adequate space is required to apply this tool.

6. Ratchet

A ratchet is a socket wrench accessory used to loosen or tighten bolts

that are already loose, without having to remove the socket from the
bolt or nut head. During the loosening or tightening process, simply
pull and push the ratchet handle. To change the direction of the
socket’s rotation, simply turn the reversing lever. The ratchet handle
and head are made of forged steel with a drive on one side and a
reversing lever with a rotation direction adjuster on the head. Standard
ratchets come in different sizes and shapes for various applications,
including swivel heads, long handles, short handles, and bent handle
swivel heads. Ratchets are used with drive sockets to loosen and
tighten fastening components in all applications where space permits.
Ensure the socket is properly attached to the ratchet lug. Do not use
extensions on ratchets or hit with a hammer, as this can cause tool
damage or injury. Always pull the ratchet, do not push.

7. Sliding ‘T’ Bar (Batang Geser T)

A ‘T’ Bar is used to loosen a very tight nut or bolt. This tool uses two
handles that are used to apply pressure in opposite directions.

8. Breaker Bar (Batang Universal)

This tool has a handle that can be connected to various types of

connectors to loosen very strong bolts, such as cylinder head bolts.

9. Socket Extension Bar (Batang Perpanjangan Sock)

This tool is used in conjunction with a ratchet or similar tool to reach

nuts or bolts that are inaccessible to a spanner. Ensure the extension is
aligned with the headnut or headbolt and the socket is securely
attached and not at an angle. If not, the extension may slip, causing
damage to the tool or potential injury. Be careful when working in
enclosed spaces around electrical connections, such as starters or
batteries.
Berikut adalah terjemahan teks tersebut ke dalam bahasa Inggris:

10. Universal Socket Joint Wrench (Sambungan Sock Universal)

A universal socket joint wrench is used to remove or install bolts/nuts in

tight spaces that cannot be reached with an extension bar alone. The
universal joint consists of an internal drive socket member, external lug
member, and pivot block in the center. The yoke is mounted on the
pivot block and provides two pivot points that allow the joint to be
bent. The universal joint can be used in any application where a ratchet
or extension must be at an angle to the socket.

11. Single Hexagonal Socket (Socket Segi Enam)

This tool has very thick walls and is therefore very strong. It is highly
suitable for use with an impact gun. A socket wrench generally has a
contact surface on the entire bolt/nut head and is wider than a ring
wrench, making it less likely to damage the bolt head.

12. Double Hex Socket (Kunci Sock Segi Enamganda)

This tool has thin walls and is designed for use with manually operated

power tools. It is highly versatile because it can be used on bolts/nuts

in 12 different positions.
13. Spark Plug Socket (Kunci Busi)

This tool is fitted with a rubber insert that not only prevents the
porcelain on the spark plug from breaking but also holds the spark plug
in place for easy removal and installation. The tool is made in various
sizes to fit all spark plugs.

14. Wheel Brace (Kunci Roda)

This tool is used to remove and reinstall the lug nuts or nuts on a
wheel. The tool usually has 3 or 4 socket ends with different sizes,
making it suitable for various applications on vehicles.

15. Allen Key (Kunci Allen)

An Allen key, also known as an Allen wrench, is made from high-tensile

hexagonal steel and is often bent at a precise angle and shaped like
the letter “L” or “T”. There are also Allen keys that operate like a socket
wrench. The Allen key is used to remove and replace bolts/screws with
hexagonal heads.
16. Star Socket (Kunci Sock Bintang)

At first glance, this key resembles a double hex socket, but it differs in
the type of bolt head it can open. Its usage and other fittings are the
same as those of a regular socket wrench.

17. Adjustable/Shift Spanner

This tool is only used when the correct spanner or socket for the job is
not available. The wrench has a head with one fixed jaw and one
adjustable jaw. The head has an angle of 22.50 degrees to the shank or
handle. The adjustment screw, which is knurled, is used to move the
adjustable jaw and is located in the center of the head.

18. Screwdriver (Obeng)

The function of a screwdriver is to loosen or tighten screws. In general,

people only know of two types of screwdrivers: the plus screwdriver
(Philips screwdriver) and the minus screwdriver (Slotte screwdriver).
However, there are actually many types of screwdrivers designed for
various needs.
19. Impact Driver (Obeng Ketok)

An impact driver is used to tighten or loosen screws with greater force.

It is applied by twisting the screwdriver handle in the direction of
tightening or loosening and then holding it in place while striking the
end of the handle with a hammer. The screwdriver tip can be replaced
with one that fits the screw head.

20. Gasket Scraper (Skrap)

This tool is used to remove gasket material that is stuck to components
before reassembling them.

21. Thread Gauge atau T.P.I.

This tool is used to identify the thread pitch or thread type of an
unknown bolt.

22. Feeler Gauge atau Pengukur Ketebalan (Thickness Gauge)

A feeler gauge is used to measure the small clearance between two
components, such as the valve stem and rocker arm, or valve
clearance. This tool has thickness measurements marked on each leaf,
making it easy to use.

23. Starting Punch

This tool is a punch that has been sharpened to make it stronger than a
pin punch. Its purpose is to initiate the removal of a dowel or retaining
pin before using a pin punch.

24. Pin Punch

This tool has the same diameter from the tip to the body. It is used to
remove pins that hold components in place on a shaft, after first using
a starting punch.

25. Side Cutting Plier (Tang Potong)

The cutting jaw is set at an angle between the two handles. Side
cutting pliers are available in various sizes, with the most commonly
used size being 7 inches long. The pivot pin is permanently locked and
cannot be adjusted to prevent looseness in the jaw.

26. Combination Plier (Tang Kombinasi)

This is the most useful type of pliers. Its jaws have teeth for gripping
flat objects, teeth for gripping pipes, a side cutter, and two wire
cutters. This tool can also be used to bend and shape thin metal.

27. Long Nose Plier (Tang Cucut)

Its jaws are long and tapered with sharp gripping surfaces. This tool is
used for work in tight spaces, bending, and shaping thin metal or wire.

28. Slip Joint Plier (Tang Sambungan Slip)

One handle has a small hole, and the other handle has a movable pivot
pin. This tool can be used to grip small components or enlarged to grip
larger components.

29. Interlocking Joint Plier/Multi Grip (Tang Air)

Multi-grip pliers have the same advantage as slip-joint pliers but with a
greater range of grip sizes. This tool will grip round or irregularly
shaped objects very tightly.

30. Vice Grip atau Locking Pliers

This tool is commonly used as a portable vice to hold components that
are being welded, filed, drilled, or cut. The most common size is 10
inches, but different sizes and jaw shapes are available.

III CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion
Each of the tools explained in Chapter [insert chapter number] has a
specific function, size, and type. All of them serve to assist and
facilitate work. These tools continue to evolve according to needs.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.google.co.id/search?
Q=mkalah+bengkel&oq=mkalah+bengkel&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-
8
https://www.google.co.id/search?

Q=handstool+pas+motor&oq=handstool+pas+motor&sourceid=chro
me&ie=UTF-8