URBAN PLANNING

CHAPTER 10 8TH Semester Course: 15 ARC 8.7

Faculty: Radha Krishna Dhawad

MODULE 4

School Of Architecture | DSATM | Spring 2021/ Even Semester

 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
CHAPTER 9 MODULE 4
 URBAN STRUCTURE: -
1. Internal spatial structure of the city:
a. Concentric Zone theory;
b. Sector theory;
c. Multiple Nuclei Theory;
2. Characteristics of Central business district,
3. Urban nodes (Origin and/or destination of trips, location of major transport nodes, interfaces of
local/regional transport),
4. Suburbs, Peri-urban areas.

CHAPTER 10
 LAND USE AND ZONING: -
1. Land use categories and representation;
2. Relationship between Land use and Zoning;
3. Zoning Types: Euclidian Zoning, Performance Zoning, Form-based Codes, Incentive Zoning, Height
Zoning, Open Space Zoning.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 4
CHAPTER 10

 LAND USE AND ZONING:

1. LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION
2. Relationship between Land use and Zoning
3. Zoning Types: Euclidian Zoning, Performance Zoning, Form-
based Codes, Incentive Zoning, Height Zoning, Open Space
Zoning.
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
1. LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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INTRODUCTION:
LAND is a valuable natural resource utilized for
cultivation of crops,
settlements of population,
creation of Dams and reservoirs,
development of industries and
maintaining forests, and Wildlife.
Any kind of permanent (or) cyclic intervention of land is called as LANDUSE.
It is the surface utilization of a vacant or developed land for a clear purpose, at a
given time.

LANDUSE
Refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its
allocation, development and management.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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Land Use – OBJECTIVES

To promote efficient utilization, acquisition & disposition of land and ensure the highest and
BEST USE OF LAND.

To direct, harmonize and influence discussions and activities of the private and public
sectors relative to the use and management of lands

To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between and among individuals, private and
government entities relative to the present and future need for the land.

To promote desirable patterns of land uses to prevent wasteful development and
minimize the cost of public infrastructure and utilities and other social services to preserve
areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical and cultural significance

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens

LAND USE - RESIDENTIAL

This is where people live. The type of housing in an area is
based on residential density, defined by Number of
housing units in a unit of land; Ex:

• Low Density : Single-family homes,

semi-detached homes, and duplexes
• Medium Density : Town houses,
low-rise apartments,
• High Density : High-rise
apartments,
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens

LAND USE - COMMERCIAL

Land that is set aside for commercial activities. This includes any land use that is used for buying,
selling, or trading goods and services. Category includes all types of wholesale, retail and
service activities serving areas larger than neighborhoods.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens

LAND USE - COMMERCIAL

Category includes all types of wholesale, retail and service activities serving areas larger than neighborhoods.
These are :
• Major Central Business Districts in urbanized areas - shopping, service area with largest
dept. and variety stores, specialty, shops, business and professional services, hotels, theaters,
etc.
• Minor Central Business District in less urbanized areas - market as main feature (types:
wholesale market, wet and dry market); mixed use development.
• Highway Service Centers or Commercial Strips such as highway gas stations, motel and
restaurants-extension of CBD
• Neighborhood Center – local sources of staple and convenience goods and services; built
around supermarket with convenience stores.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens

LAND USE - INSTITUTIONAL

Land that covers the major public and semipublic uses like educational, cultural,
religious, health, protective and government services. It is occupied by schools,
hospitals, government offices, and places of worship

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens

LAND USE - INDUSTRIAL

Land that is used for industry viz ; Factories, warehouses, power plants, or places of resource
extraction (like mines). It includes manufacturing, refining, fabricating, assembly, storage,
parking and other incidental uses including food processing, cottage industry, sawmills, rice
mills, steel mills, chemical processing plants, etc. Also included are the proposed industrial
estates/subdivisio

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens

LAND USE- TRANSPORTATION

Land that is used for moving people and goods from one place to another.
• Includes: sidewalks, roads, highways, subways, streetcars, railroad tracks, freight yards,
airports, marinas and any other land that is used for transportation.TW

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION CHAPTER 10

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URBAN LAND USE – CLASSIFICATION
•Residential • Commercial • Institutional • Industrial • Transportation • Utilities/Facilities • Open spaces/greens
LAND USE- - OPEN SPACE

Land that is now vacant, or left in a natural state (like a woodlot), or land that is for recreational use (parks,
playgrounds, community centres)
• Parks/Playgrounds and other Recreational Areas the space requirement may be computed with the use of
space standards based on population or area of the municipality or city
• so called “non-functional open spaces” and includes lands reserved for greenbelts and buffer zones; and other
vacant lands reserved for specific or functional purposes.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION
10. LAND USE AND ZONING : LAND USE CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATION
 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 4
CHAPTER 10

 LAND USE AND ZONING:

1. Land use categories and representation
2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND ZONING
3. Zoning Types: Euclidian Zoning, Performance Zoning, Form-based
Codes, Incentive Zoning, Height Zoning, Open Space Zoning.
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND ZONING
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND ZONING CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND ZONING CHAPTER 10

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A zoning ordinance is a written regulation and law that defines how
property in specific geographic zones can be used. Zoning ordinances
specify whether zones can be used for residential or commercial
purposes, and may also regulate lot size, placement, bulk (or density)
and the height of structures.

Zoning ordinances are lengthy documents describing not only the

acceptable use for specified areas of land, but also the procedures for
handling infractions (including any penalties), granting variances and
hearing appeals.

Land use planning is a planning technique to improve the quality of life

in urban areas. This widely adopted technique is one of the most
successful methods followed today. According to this various socio-
economic activities are allocated space in a particular area, or in other
words, areas are assigned specific activities based on various
parameters which will help in increasing overall efficiency of the urban
area. The major categories on the basis of activities include residential,
commercial, transportation, public, and semi-public use, government
offices, etc. This categorization is considered essential to keep a
balance of different activities taking place in an area.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND ZONING CHAPTER 10

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School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 4
CHAPTER 10

 LAND USE AND ZONING:

1. Land use categories and representation
2. Relationship between land use and zoning
3. Zoning Types: Euclidian Zoning, Performance Zoning, Form-
based Codes, Incentive Zoning, Height Zoning, Open Space
Zoning.
 CHAPTER 9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaOQafn1aek

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
3.Zoning Types:
a) Euclidian Zoning
b) Performance Zoning
c) Form-based Codes
d) Incentive Zoning
e) Height Zoning
f) Open Space Zoning.
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
In urban planning as well as transportation planning, land use is the object of zonal characterization. Each land use zone is
subject to a series of regulations depicting what can be built in terms of criteria such as nature, function, and density, giving
municipal governments tools to influence urban development. There are four major types of land use zoning:

Functional zoning. The most prevalent form of zoning where land use zones are defined according to their function, such as
commercial, residential, or industrial. Each zone type is subject to specific rules and regulations concerning the type of activities
built. The assumption is that urban functions should be allocated to specific areas to improve their efficiency and mitigate
externalities associated with incompatible land uses.
Form-based zoning. Define zones according to their physical characteristics, mostly from an urban identity perspective, such as
the downtown area. This form of zoning is usually easier to relate to the general population since it uses zonal definitions that
are well known and help create an urban identity by underlining areas with unique characteristics.
Intensity zoning. Defines land use zones by the permitted intensity level, such as the number of residential units per unit of
surface or allowed commercial surface. Such regulation enables a level of flexibility in urban development since it permits
developers to select which development types take place as long as this development abides by density constraints. Density can
also be set to minimum criteria to avoid a wasteful usage of real estate.
Incentive zoning. Often part of revitalization or development plans where developers are allowed to build residential,
commercial, or industrial (manufacturing, warehousing) projects in specific areas by providing various incentives such as tax
abatement or basic infrastructure (road, utilities, public transport services). Further, developers can be granted lower restrictions,
namely density limits, if amenities are such as park areas and infrastructure are developed as well.
Commonly, more than one type of zoning will be applied to a city, which can lead to some conflicts and discrepancies between
stakeholders. The issue is to try to establish a balance between the restrictions imposed by zoning regulations and the dynamic
market forces of urban development.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: CHAPTER 10

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Euclidean zoning divides towns into districts based on
permitted uses, and in so doing creates specific zones
where certain land uses are permitted or prohibited.
This can be helpful, as it enforces the separation of
industrial land uses from residential land uses and can
protect against pollution risks.

Typical types of land-use districts in Euclidean a system of zoning whereby a town or

zoning are: Residential (Single-family), Residential community is divided into areas in which specific
(Multi-family), Commercial, And Industrial uses of land are permitted.

Because Euclid’s code had segregated different land uses, with The primary purpose of zoning is to
housing in one place, shops in another, and factories elsewhere, segregate uses that are thought to be
communities nationwide began following the Euclidean model, incompatible. In practice, zoning is also used to
believing it to be the most effective way to meet the health, prevent new development from interfering with
safety, and welfare clause. existing uses and/or to preserve the "character"
The Euclidean format soon became standard zoning practice. of a community.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
3.Zoning Types:
a) Euclidian Zoning
b) Performance Zoning
c) Form-based Codes
d) Incentive Zoning
e) Height Zoning
f) Open Space Zoning.
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: PERFORMANCE ZONING CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
"Performance zoning" is an alternative to traditional land use zoning. Whereas traditional
land use zoning specifies what uses land can be put to within specified districts, performance
zoning specifies the intensity of land use that is acceptable. In other words, it deals not with the
use of a parcel, but the performance of a parcel and how it impacts surrounding areas.
Rather than establishing specific area and bulk standards
within zoning districts to govern development,
performance zoning regulates the design and location of
a use based on the characteristics of a particular site to
support development.

Under performance zoning, municipalities replace

conventional zoning districts with performance criteria to
guide development. The result can be an increase in the
range of uses that may be permitted and additional
control over the effects of the land use. Landowners and
developers are provided greater flexibility on how to
meet performance zoning standards.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49Mi4ISKnh0
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: PERFORMANCE ZONING CHAPTER 10

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Performance Zoning

“Performance zoning is designed to

evaluate the compatibility of uses within
their environment, as opposed to whether
or not a use should be permitted.”
-
Lane Kendig

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: PERFORMANCE ZONING CHAPTER 10

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 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: PERFORMANCE ZONING CHAPTER 10

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Often using Euclidean zones as a foundation, the Performance and Impact zoning techniques
enable more unusual land uses to move into existing zones if they conform to a fixed set of
standards established for that district. Differing land uses produce varying external impacts,
ranging from traffic and noise to glare and waste generation.

Under impact zoning, performance standards are established to manage those impacts and
better promote compatible development. For instance, a gym might be able to open in a
medium-density residential area if it closes at 9pm, is only one-story in height, and will not
push traffic levels above an established, acceptable threshold.

Another technique – performance zoning – uses a variety of dimensional ratios to regulate

land-use intensity. Examples may include floor area ratio or ‘FAR’ (the ratio of building floor
area to lot area), open space ratio (the ratio of open space to overall site area), and
livability space ratio (the ratio of non-vehicular space such as lawns or landscaping to total
site area). These are often used to address specific site impacts, from shading and open
space quality to the size and placement of parking lots.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
3.Zoning Types:
a) Euclidian Zoning
b) Performance Zoning
c) Form-based Codes
d) Incentive Zoning
e) Height Zoning
f) Open Space Zoning.
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: FORM-BASED CODES CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
Form-based zoning regulates not the type of land use, but the form that land use may take.
For instance, form-based zoning in a dense area may insist on low setbacks, high density,
and pedestrian accessibility.

Form-based codes (FBCs) are designed to directly respond to the physical structure of a
community in order to create more walkable and adaptable environments

Form based codes (FBC) is a planning and zoning tool that for regulating development using
physical form rather than land use as organizing principle for the code.

It aims at contributing to better quality of life by fostering predictable built results and a
high-quality public realm.

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 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: FORM-BASED CODES CHAPTER 10

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One of the newer interpretations of land-use planning, Form-Based zoning regulates
development by focusing on the scale, design, and placement of buildings, paying particular
attention to their relationship with the street (or other public spaces).

Communities that implement form-based zoning codes tend to believe that both the look and
arrangement of buildings
more strongly define a community’s character than do the actual uses that take place within
those buildings. Because they focus on form influencing function, these codes tend to be
employed to promote walkability, transit-friendly development, and more compact
settlement patterns.

Form-based codes involve prescriptive development standards that may include minimum
and maximum setbacks (or ‘build- to lines’), desired proportions for buildings and
entryways, and requirements to conceal on-site parking. As such, they represent a significant
departure from traditional Euclidean zoning standards.
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Form-based codes commonly include the following elements:

• Regulating plan. A plan or map of the regulated area designating the locations where
different building form standards apply, based on clear community intentions regarding the
physical character of the area being coded.
• Building form standards. Regulations controlling the configuration, features, and functions of
buildings that define and shape the public realm.
• Public space/street standards. Specifications for the elements within the public realm (e.g.,
sidewalks, travel lanes, street trees, street furniture, etc.).
• Administration. A clearly defined application and project review process.
• Definitions. A glossary to ensure the precise use of technical terms.

Form-based codes also sometimes include:

• Architectural standards. Regulations controlling external architectural materials and quality.
• Annotation. Text and illustrations explaining the intentions of specific code provisions.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: FORM-BASED CODES CHAPTER 10

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T1 - The Natural Zone consists of lands approximating or reverting to a wilderness condition, including land unsuitable for settlement due to
topography or vegetation
T2 - The Rural Zone consists of lands in open or cultivated state or sparsely settled. These include woodlands, agricultural lands, grasslands
and irrigatable deserts.
T3 - The Sub-urban Zone consits of low density suburbanresidential areas, differing by allowing home occupations. Planting is naturalistic,
with setbacks relatively deep. Blocks may be large and th e roads irregular to accommodate natural contitions.
T4 - The General Urban Zone consists of a mixed-use put primarily residential urban fabric. It has a wide range of building types; single,
sideyard, and rowhouses. Setbacks and landscapeing are variable. Streets typically define medium-sized blocks.
T5 - The Urban Center Zone consists of higher density mixed-use building types that accommodate retail, offices, rowhouses and
apartments. It has a light network of streets, sith wide sidewalks, steady street tree planting and buildings set close to the frontages.
T6 - The Urban Core Zone cpmsosts pf tje jogjest demsotu, sith the greatest variety of uses, and civic buildings of regional importance. It
may have larger blocks; streets have steady street tree planting and buildings set close to the frontages.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
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For example, while a Euclidean district might prohibit buildings from locating closer than 15 feet from
the street, a form- based code might require that buildings be located within 5 and 8 feet of the
street. While a Euclidean district usually has maximum height limits, a form-based code operating
near a transit station might require a minimum height or intensity-level for all new buildings,
prohibiting single-family homes from being built on lots more suitable to four-story apartments.
Another departure from Euclidean zoning is the highly visual nature of form-based codes, which rely
more on 3D imaging and detailed drawings than do traditional codes.

Yet while these zoning innovations create new development opportunities, the highly prescriptive
nature of form-based codes sometimes limits their effectiveness. Form-based codes often introduce
new concepts or terminology that is unfamiliar to developers and civic administrators, prompting
criticism and confusion. Additionally, in auto-dependent communities, there is often a mismatch
between the ideals of the form-based code and the realities of existing infrastructure. Despite these
challenges, and the fact that form-based codes remain a minority approach to zoning, they have
gradually encouraged city governments to reexamine traditional codes, and implement new strategies
for shaping community development.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
3.Zoning Types:
a) Euclidian Zoning
b) Performance Zoning
c) Form-based Codes
d) Incentive Zoning
e) Height Zoning
f) Open Space Zoning.
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: INCENTIVE ZONING CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
Like the previous techniques, Incentive zoning uses Euclidean
zoning as a baseline.
Yet to permit greater diversity and flexibility within those
Euclidean zones, incentive zoning enables projects to exceed
standard requirements if they provide some form of benefit to
the local community.
For example, in exchange for providing amenities (like parks,
plazas, transit access, public art, or affordable housing),
projects are usually allowed to build at HIGHER DENSITIES or
to greater building heights than are typically allowed.

In many cases, this balancing act between development and community improvement occurs through a
discretionary process that attempts to match the intensity of additional development to the scale and
quality of the benefits provided. This can require significant staff time to determine.

In the early twentieth century, American cities looked much different than they do today. In heavily
urbanized areas, houses, shops, and factories could often be found on the same block, and many city-
dwellers spent their time in overcrowded buildings that suffered from poor natural lighting.
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: INCENTIVE ZONING CHAPTER 10

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Generally speaking, incentive zoning is a provision of a municipal zoning ordinance that allows
developers to create a higher density (usually expressed as housing units per acre) in return for
providing some feature considered to be in the public interest. This extra often is called a
density bonus.
The density bonus under incentive zoning
might be awarded if a developer
provides affordable housing, granny
flats or other accessory dwelling units,
additional open space, public art, street
lighting, contribution to a fund for a new
bridge or school, or some other desirable
public amenity.

This tool also could be used to

promote mixed use development, work-
at-home units, or a transit connector.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: INCENTIVE ZONING CHAPTER 10

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School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
3.Zoning Types:
a) Euclidian Zoning
b) Performance Zoning
c) Form-based Codes
d) Incentive Zoning
e) Height Zoning
f) Open Space Zoning.
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: HEIGHT ZONING CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
HEIGHT ZONING:

The height zoning aims at controlling the height of buildings with due consideration of
contents of the buildings and the street width/ the marginal open spaces for the provision of
light and ventilation.

The height zoning affords the following advantages:

1) Controls the development of central business area of the cities and it thereby assists in
solving the problems associated with such heavy concentration e.g. traffic congestion etc.
2) It is found that if buildings with uniform height are constructed on important streets or
roads, it gives pleasing aesthetic appearance.
3) It prevents an undue monopoly of light and ventilation by some tall buildings at the
expense of adjacent units of small heights.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: HEIGHT ZONING CHAPTER 10

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School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: HEIGHT ZONING CHAPTER 10

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School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 CHAPTER 9

MODULE 4
10.LAND USE AND ZONING:
3.Zoning Types:
a) Euclidian Zoning
b) Performance Zoning
c) Form-based Codes
d) Incentive Zoning
e) Height Zoning
f) Open Space Zoning.
 10. LAND USE AND ZONING : ZONING TYPES: OPEN SPACE ZONING. CHAPTER 10

MODULE 4
Open space zoning regulations are techniques used by communities to accommodate
GROWTH while preserving lakes, streams, wetlands, other natural features and other
special features (e.g., historic landmarks and scenic views) that are important to the
community. Open space zoning requires a certain percentage of a site to be preserved as
open space to protect these resources.

There are four fundamental components of OPEN SPACE ZONING:

1. Special site features are inventoried and mapped.

2. A significant portion of the site is protected as permanent open space.
3. Building envelopes are sited to respect special features and preserve the quantity and
quality of open space on the site.
4. Viewsheds are protected by siting development to maintain a low visual impact,
particularly along public roadways and waters.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
 QUESTIONS

1. Explain about the Concentric Zone theory.

2. Compare the three theories of internal structure of the city.
3. Explain the characteristics of CBD with examples.
4. What is a suburb and a peri-urban urban area? Explain with examples.
5. What do you understand by zoning and why is it important?
6. Describe the different types of Zoning and Landuse classifications.
7. Explain the height zoning.
8. Why is it necessary to have open space zoning?
9. What is the main feature of Incentive zoning?
10.How does Performance zone differ with respect to other types of zoning?
END OF CHAPTER 10