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Mca-probability & Statistics -II

This document is an internal examination paper for the MCA first-year students at MRM Institute of Management, focusing on Probability and Statistics. It includes fill-in-the-blank questions, definitions of key concepts, and detailed questions on estimators, hypothesis testing, and correlation types. The paper assesses students' understanding of statistical methods and their application in real-world scenarios.

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14 views

Mca-probability & Statistics -II

This document is an internal examination paper for the MCA first-year students at MRM Institute of Management, focusing on Probability and Statistics. It includes fill-in-the-blank questions, definitions of key concepts, and detailed questions on estimators, hypothesis testing, and correlation types. The paper assesses students' understanding of statistical methods and their application in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

rajkarthik412
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MRM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

MCA FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER - SECOND INTERNAL


Subject: PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

Hall Ticket No: 2138-24- 862-

• Attempt all Questions


• All Questions carry marks Max:20 MARKS

PART - A
• Fill in the Blanks ( 3 X 1 = 3 MARKS)
1. A Confidence Interval is a range of values we are fairly sure our true value lies in.
2. Any Hypothesis that contradicts the Null Hypothesis is called an Alternative Hypotheisis.
3. Regression analysis is the technique used for modeling and analysis of numerical data consisting of
values dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

• Answer all the Following Questions ( 3 X 1 = 3 MARKS)

Q1. Define Hypothesis.


Ans: Hypothesis is an assumption about the parameters of the population and sometimes it also
concerns the type and nature of the distribution.
Q2. Define Chi Square test.
Ans: The χ2test (pronounced as chi square test is one of the simplest and most widely used non
parametric tests in statistical world. The symbol χ2is the Greek letter Chi.It describes the magnitude of
the discrepancy between theory and observations .
Q3.What is Sampling Distribution.
Ans:Samples of a given size may be drawn randomly from a population and the statistical constants
like mean standard deviation may be computed for each such sample. The distribution of each
statistics is called sampling distribution.
PART - B

• Answer any Two of the Following Question (2 X 7 = 14 MARKS)


Q1.a) What are the properties of a good estimator?
Ans: A good estimator, as commonsense dictates, is close to the parameter being estimated. Its quality is to
be evaluated in terms of the following properties.
Unbiasedness: An estimator, is said to be unbiased if its expected value is identical with the population
parameter being estimated. That is if θis an unbiased estimate of 0 , then we must have E (θ)=0
Many estimators are “ A symptomatically unbiased “ in the sense that the biases reduce to practically
significant values zero when n becomes sufficiently large. Thes estimator S2 is an example.

Consistency:If an estimator, say θ approaches the parameter θ closer and closer as the sample size n
increases, θ is said to be a consistent estimator of G. Stating somewhat more rigorously, the estimator θ is
said to be consistent estimator of θ if as n approaches infinity, the probability approaches 1 that vwill differ
from the parameter θ by not more than arbitrary small constant.
Efficiency:The concept of efficiency refers to the sampling variability of an estimator. It two
competing estimators are both unbiased, the one with the smaller variance (for a given sample size) is
said to be relatively more efficient. The smaller the variance of the estimator the more concentrated dis
the distribution of the estimator around the parameter being estimated and therefore , the better this
estimator is.
Sufficiency: An estimator is said to be sufficient if it conveys as much information as is possible about
the parameter which is contained in the sample. The significance of sufficiency lies in the fact that if a
sufficient estimator exists, it is absolutely unnecessary to consider any other estimator. A sufficient
estimator ensures that all information a sample can furnish with respect to the estimation of a parameter
is being utilized.
b) In a study of an automobile insurance a random sample of 80 body repair costs had a mean of
Rs 472.36 and the S.D of Rs 62.35. if xis used as a point estimate to the true average repair costs,
with confidence we can assert that the maximum error doesn’t exceed Rs 10.
Ans:

Q2.a) The mean weight of 200 male students in a college is 62 kgs with a standard deviation of
4kgs. Test the Hypothesis that the mean weight in the population is greater than 58 kgs Use
a=1%

b) A die is tossed 256 times and it turns up with an even digit 150 times. Is the die biased.
Ans:
Q3. Explain different types of correlation.
Ans: The correlation expresses the relationship or interdependence of two sets of variables upon each
other. One variable may be called the subject and the other relation.
Types of Correlation:
Correlation is classified into many types
1. Positive and negative
2. Simple and multiple
3. Partial and total
4. Linear and non-linear

Positive and Negative: If two variables tend to move together in the same direction i.e and increase in
the value of one variable is accompanied by an increase in the value of the other variable is
accompanied by an increase in the value of one variable is accompanied by a decrease in the value of
the other variable, then the correlation is called positive or direct correlation.

Simple and multiple correlation: Simple correlation refers to the relationship between two variables. It
examines whether a change in one variable is associated with a change in another variable.Correlation
refers to the relationship between one dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It
assesses how well multiple independent variables predict or are related to the dependent variable.

Partial and Total correlation: The study of two variables excluding some other variables is called partial
correlation. For example we study price and demand elimination the supply side. In total correlation all
the facts are taken into account.

Linear and Non-linear correlation If the ratio of change between two variables is uniform, then there
will be linear correlation between them.

b) Fit a regression line of X and Y and hence predict X if Y =2.5.

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