Appendix B

Physical Property Tables

TABLE PAGES

B.1 Selected Physical Property Data 628–634

B.2 Heat Capacities 635–637
B.3 Vapor Pressure of Water 638–639
B.4 Antoine Equation Constants 640–641
B.5 Properties of Saturated Steam: Temperature Table 642–643
B.6 Properties of Saturated Steam: Pressure Table 644–649
B.7 Properties of Superheated Steam 650–651
B.8 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: SI Units 652
B.9 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: American Engineering Units 652
B.10 Atomic Heat Capacities for Kopp’s Rule 653
B.11 Integral Heats of Solution and Mixing at 25!C 653

627
Table B.1 Selected Physical Property Dataa

SG !Hˆ m (T m )c, j !Hˆ v (T b )e, j (!Hˆ f !)h, j (!Hˆ c !)i, j

Compound Formula Mol. Wt. (20!/4!) T m (!C)b kJ/mol T b (!C)d kJ/mol T c (K) f Pc (atm)g kJ/mol kJ/mol
628 Appendix B

Acetaldehyde CH3 CHO 44.05 0.78318! "123.7 — 20.2 25.1 461.0 — "166.2(g) "1192.4(g)
Acetic acid CH3 COOH 60.05 1.049 16.6 12.09 118.2 24.39 594.8 57.1 "486.18(l) "871.69(l)
"438.15(g) "919.73(g)
Acetone C3 H6 O 58.08 0.791 "95.0 5.69 56.0 30.2 508.0 47.0 "248.2(l) "1785.7(l)
"216.7(g) "1821.4(g)
Acetylene C2 H2 26.04 — — — "81.5 17.6 309.5 61.6 "226.75(g) "1299.6(g)
Ammonia NH3 17.03 — "77.8 5.653 "33.43 23.351 405.5 111.3 "67.20(l)
"46.19(g) "382.58(g)
Ammonium NH4 OH 35.03 — — — — — — — "366.48(aq) —
hydroxide
Ammonium NH4 NO3 80.05 1.72525! 169.6 5.4 Decomposes at 210!C "365.14(c) —
nitrate "399.36(aq)
Ammonium (NH4 )2 SO4 132.14 1.769 513 — Decomposes at 513!C "1179.3(c)
sulfate after melting "1173.1(aq)
Aniline C 6 H7 N 93.12 1.022 "6.3 — 184.2 — 699 52.4 — —
Benzaldehyde C6 H5 CHO 106.12 1.046 "26.0 — 179.0 38.40 — — "88.83(l) "3520.0(l)
"40.04(g) —
Benzene C 6 H6 78.11 0.879 5.53 9.837 80.10 30.765 562.6 48.6 "48.66(l) "3267.6(l)
"82.93(g) "3301.5(g)
Benzoic acid C 7 H 6 O2 122.12 1.26615! 122.2 — 249.8 — — — — "3226.7(g)
Benzyl alcohol C 7 H8 O 108.13 1.045 "15.4 — 205.2 — — — — "3741.8(l)
Bromine Br2 159.83 3.119 "7.4 10.8 58.6 31.0 584 102 0(l) —
1,2-Butadiene C 4 H6 54.09 — "136.5 — 10.1 — 446 — — —
1,3-Butadiene C 4 H6 54.09 — "109.1 — "4.6 — 425 42.7 — —
n-Butane C4 H10 58.12 — "138.3 4.661 "0.6 22.305 425.17 37.47 "147.0(l) "2855.6(l)
"124.7(g) "2878.5(g)
Isobutane C4 H10 58.12 — "159.6 4.540 "11.73 21.292 408.1 36.0 "158.4(l) "2849.0(l)
"134.5(g) "2868.8(g)
1-Butene C 4 H8 56.10 — "185.3 3.8480 "6.25 21.916 419.6 39.7 "1.17(g) "2718.6(g)
Calcium CaC2 64.10 2.2218! 2300 — — — — — "62.76(c) —
carbide
Calcium CaCO3 100.09 2.93 Decomposes at 825!C "1206.9(c) —
carbonate
Calcium CaCl2 110.99 2.15215! 782 28.37 #1600 — — — "794.96(c) —
chloride
Calcium Ca(OH)2 74.10 2.24 ("H2 O at 580!C) "986.59(c) —
hydroxide
Calcium oxide CaO 56.08 3.32 2570 50 2850 — — — "635.6(c) —
Calcium Ca3 (PO4 )2 310.19 3.14 1670 — — — — — "4138(c) —
phosphate
Calcium CaSiO3 116.17 2.915 1530 48.62 — — — — "1584(c) —
silicate
Calcium CaSO4 136.15 2.96 — — — — — — "1432.7(c) —
sulfate "1450.4(aq)
Calcium CaSO4 %2H2 O 172.18 2.32 ("1.5 H2 O at 128!C) — — — "2021(c) —
sulfate
(gypsum)
Carbon C 12.010 2.26 3600 46.0 4200 — — — 0(c) "393.51(c)
(graphite)
Carbon CO2 44.01 — "56.6 8.33 (Sublimes at "78!C) 304.2 72.9 "412.9(l) —
dioxide at 5.2 atm "393.5(g) —
Carbon CS2 76.14 1.26122!! 20! "112.1 4.39 46.25 26.8 552.0 78.0 "87.9(l) "1075.2(l)
disulfide "115.3(g) 1102.6(g)
Carbon CO 28.01 — "205.1 0.837 "191.5 6.042 133.0 34.5 "110.52(g) "282.99(g)
monoxide
Carbon CCl4 153.84 1.595 "22.9 2.51 76.7 30.0 556.4 45.0 "139.5(l) "352.2(l)
tetrachloride "106.7(g) "385.0(g)
Chlorine Cl2 70.91 — "101.00 6.406 "34.06 20.4 417.0 76.1 0(g) —
Chlorobenzene C6 H5 Cl 112.56 1.107 "45 — 132.10 36.5 632.4 44.6 — —
Chloroethane C2 H5 Cl See ethyl chloride
a
Adapted in part from D. M. Himmelblau, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 3rd Edition, #1974, Tables D.1 and F.1. Adapted by permission of
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
b
Melting point at 1 atm.
c
Heat of fusion at T m and 1 atm.
d
Boiling point at 1 atm.
e
Heat of vaporization at T b and 1 atm.
f
Critical temperature.
g
Critical pressure.
h
Heat of formation at 25!C and 1 atm.
i
Heat of combustion at 25!C and 1 atm. Standard states of products are CO2 (g), H2 O(l), SO2 (g), HCl(aq), and N2 (g). To calculate !Hˆ c$ with H2 O(g) as a product, add
44.01 nw to the tabulated value, where nw $ moles H2 O formed/mole fuel burned.
j
To convert !Hˆ to kcal/mol, divide given value by 4.184; to convert to Btu/lb-mole, multiply by 430.28.
(continued)
Physical Property Tables
629
Table B.1 (Continued)

SG !Hˆ m (T m )c, j !Hˆ v (T b )e, j (!Hˆ f !)h, j (!Hˆ c !)i, j

b d f g
Compound Formula Mol. Wt. (20!/4!) T m (!C) kJ/mol T b (!C) kJ/mol T c (K) Pc (atm) kJ/mol kJ/mol
630 Appendix B

Chloroform CHCl3 119.39 1.489 "63.7 — 61.0 536.0 54.0 "131.8(l) "373(l)
Copper Cu 63.54 8.92 1083 13.01 2595 304.6 — 0(c) —
Cupric CuSO4 159.61 3.60615! Decomposes # 600!C "769.9(c) —
sulfate "843.1(aq)
Cyclohexane C6 H12 84.16 0.779 6.7 2.677 80.7 30.1 553.7 40.4 "156.2(l) "3919.9(l)
"123.1(g) "3953.0(g)
Cyclopentane C5 H10 70.13 0.745 "93.4 0.609 49.3 27.30 511.8 44.55 "105.9(l) "3290.9(l)
"77.2(g) "3319.5(g)
n -Decane C10 H22 142.28 0.730 "29.9 — 173.8 — 619.0 20.8 "249.7(l) "6778.3(l)
— "6829.7(g)
Diethyl ether (C2 H5 )2 O 74.12 0.70825! "116.3 7.30 34.6 26.05 467 35.6 "272.8(l) "2726.7(l)
Ethane C2 H6 30.07 — "183.3 2.859 "88.6 14.72 305.4 48.2 "84.67(g) "1559.9(g)
Ethyl acetate C4 H8 O2 88.10 0.901 "83.8 — 77.0 — 523.1 37.8 "463.2(l) "2246.4(l)
"426.8(g) —
Ethyl alcohol C2 H5 OH 46.07 0.789 "114.6 5.021 78.5 38.58 516.3 63.0 "277.63(l) "1366.91(l)
(Ethanol) "235.31(g) "1409.25(g)
Ethyl benzene C8 H10 106.16 0.867 "94.67 9.163 136.2 35.98 619.7 37.0 "12.46(l) "4564.9(l)
"29.79(g) "4607.1(g)
Ethyl bromide C2 H5 Br 108.98 1.460 "119.1 — 38.2 — 504 61.5 "54.4(g) —
Ethyl chloride C2 H5 Cl 64.52 0.90315! "138.3 4.452 13.1 24.7 460.4 52.0 "105.0(g) —
3-Ethyl C8 H18 114.22 0.717 — — 118.5 34.27 567.0 26.4 "250.5(l) "5407.1(l)
hexane "210.9(g) "5509.8(g)
Ethylene C2 H4 28.05 — "169.2 3.350 "103.7 13.54 283.1 50.5 "52.28(g) "1410.99(g)
Ethylene C2 H6 O2 62.07 1.11319! "13 11.23 197.2 56.9 — — "451.5(l) "1179.5(l)
glycol "387.1(g) —
Ferric oxide Fe2 O3 159.70 5.12 Decomposes at 1560!C "822.2(c)
Ferrous oxide FeO 71.85 5.7 — — — — — — "266.5(c) —
Ferrous FeS 87.92 4.84 1193 — — — — — "95.1(c) —
sulfide
Formaldehyde H2 CO 30.03 0.815"20! "92 — "19.3 24.48 — — "115.90(g) "563.46(g)
Formic acid CH2 O2 46.03 1.220 8.30 12.68 100.5 22.25 — — "409.2(l) "262.8(l)
"362.6(g) —
Glycerol C 3 H8 O3 92.09 1.26050! 18.20 18.30 290.0 — — — "665.9(l) "1661.1(l)
Helium He 4.00 — "269.7 0.02 "268.9 0.084 5.26 2.26 0(g) —
n-Heptane C7 H16 100.20 0.684 "90.59 14.03 98.43 31.69 540.2 27.0 "224.4(l) "4816.9(l)
"187.8(g) "4853.5(g)
n-Hexane C6 H14 86.17 0.659 "95.32 13.03 68.74 28.85 507.9 29.9 "198.8(l) "4163.1(l)
"167.2(g) "4194.8(g)
Hydrogen H2 2.016 — "259.19 0.12 "252.76 0.904 33.3 12.8 0(g) "285.84(g)
Hydrogen HBr 80.92 — "86 — "67 — — — "36.23(g) —
bromide
Hydrogen HCl 36.47 — "114.2 1.99 "85.0 16.1 324.6 81.5 "92.31(g) —
chloride
Hydrogen HCN 27.03 — "14 — 26 — — — "130.54(g) —
cyanide
Hydrogen HF 20.0 — "83 — 20 — 503.2 — "268.6(g) —
fluoride "316.9(aq, —
200)
Hydrogen H2 S 34.08 — "85.5 2.38 "60.3 18.67 373.6 88.9 "19.96(g) "562.59(g)
sulfide
Iodine I2 253.8 4.93 113.3 — 184.2 — 826.0 — 0(c) —
Iron Fe 55.85 7.7 1535 15.1 2800 354.0 — — 0(c) —
Lead Pb 207.21 11.33720!! 20! 327.4 5.10 1750 179.9 — 0(c) —
Lead oxide PbO 223.21 9.5 886 11.7 1472 213 — — "219.2(c) —
Magnesium Mg 24.32 1.74 650 9.2 1120 131.8 — — 0(c) —
Magnesium MgCl2 95.23 2.32525! 714 43.1 1418 136.8 — — "641.8(c) —
chloride
Magnesium Mg(OH)2 58.34 2.4 Decomposes at 350!C — —
hydroxide
Magnesium MgO 40.32 3.65 2900 77.4 3600 — — — "601.8(c) —
oxide
Mercury Hg 200.61 13.546 "38.87 — "356.9 — — — 0(c) —
Methane CH4 16.04 — "182.5 0.94 "161.5 8.179 190.70 45.8 "74.85(g) "890.36(g)
Methyl C3 H6 O2 74.08 0.933 "98.9 — 57.1 — 506.7 46.30 "409.4(l) "1595(l)
acetate
Methyl alcohol CH3 OH 32.04 0.792 "97.9 3.167 64.7 35.27 513.20 78.50 "238.6(l) 726.6(l)
(Methanol) "201.2(g) "764.0(g)
Methyl CH5 N 31.06 0.699"11! "92.7 — "6.9 — 429.9 73.60 "28.0(g) "1071.5(l)
amine
Methyl CH3 Cl 50.49 — "97.9 — "24 — 416.1 65.80 "81.92(g) —
chloride

(continued)
Physical Property Tables
631
Table B.1 (Continued)

SG !Hˆ m (T m )c, j !Hˆ v (T b )e, j (!Hˆ f !)h, j (!Hˆ c !)i, j

b d f g
Compound Formula Mol. Wt. (20!/4!) T m (!C) kJ/mol T b (!C) kJ/mol T c (K) Pc (atm) kJ/mol kJ/mol
632 Appendix B

Methyl ethyl C4 H8 O 72.10 0.805 "87.1 — 78.2 32.0 — — — "2436(l)

ketone
Naphthalene C10 H8 128.16 1.145 80.0 — 217.8 — — — — "5157(g)
Nickel Ni 58.69 8.90 1452 — 2900 — — — 0(c) —
Nitric acid HNO3 63.02 1.502 "41.6 10.47 86 30.30 — — "173.23(l) —
"206.57(aq)
Nitrobenzene C6 H5 O2 N 123.11 1.203 5.5 — 210.7 — — — — "3092.8(l)
Nitrogen N2 28.02 — "210.0 0.720 "195.8 5.577 126.20 33.5 0(g) —
Nitrogen NO2 46.01 — "9.3 7.335 21.3 14.73 431.0 100.0 "33.8(g) —
dioxide
Nitric oxide NO 30.01 — "163.6 2.301 "151.8 13.78 179.20 65.0 "90.37(g) —
Nitrogen N2 O5 108.02 1.6318! 30 — 47 — — — — —
pentoxide
Nitrogen N2 O4 92.0 1.448 "9.5 — 21.1 — 431.0 99.0 "9.3(g) —
tetraoxide
Nitrous N2 O 44.02 1.226"89! "91.1 — "88.8 — 309.5 71.70 "81.5(g) —
oxide
n-Nonane C9 H20 128.25 0.718 "53.8 — 150.6 — 595 23.0 "229.0(l) "6124.5(l)
— "6171.0(g)
n-Octane C8 H18 114.22 0.703 "57.0 — 125.5 — 568.8 24.5 "249.9(l) "5470.7(l)
"208.4(g) "5512.2(g)
Oxalic acid C2 H2 O4 90.04 1.90 Decomposes at 186!C — — "826.8(c) "251.9(s)
Oxygen O2 32.00 — "218.75 0.444 "182.97 6.82 154.4 49.7 0(g) —
n-Pentane C5 H12 72.15 0.6318! "129.6 8.393 36.07 25.77 469.80 33.3 "173.0(l) "3509.5(l)
"146.4(g) "3536.1(g)
Isopentane C5 H12 72.15 0.6219! "160.1 — 27.7 — 461.00 32.9 "179.3(l) "3507.5(l)
— "152.0(g) "3529.2(g)
1-Pentene C5 H10 70.13 0.641 "165.2 4.94 29.97 474 39.9 "20.9(g) "3375.8(g)
Phenol C6 H5 OH 94.11 1.07125! 42.5 11.43 181.4 — 692.1 60.5 "158.1(l) "3063.5(s)
"90.8(g) —
Phosphoric H3 PO4 98.00 1.83418! 42.3 10.54 (" 21 H2 O at 213!C) — — "1281.1(c) —
acid "1278.6(aq, —
1H2 O)
Phosphorus P4 123.90 2.20 59043 atm 81.17 Ignites in air, 725!C — — "17.6(c) —
(red) 0(c)
Phosphorus P4 123.90 1.82 44.2 2.51 280 49.71 — — —
(white)
Phosphorus P2 O5 141.95 2.387 Sublimes at 250!C — — "1506.2(c) —
pentoxide
Propane C3 H8 44.09 — "187.69 3.52 "42.07 18.77 369.9 42.0 "119.8(l) "2204.0(l)
"103.8(g) "2220.0(g)
Propylene C3 H6 42.08 — "185.2 3.00 "47.70 18.42 365.1 45.4 "20.41(g) "2058.4(g)
n-Propyl C3 H7 OH 60.09 0.804 "127 — 97.04 — 536.7 49.95 "300.70(l) "2010.4(l)
alcohol "255.2(g) "2068.6(g)
Isopropyl C3 H7 OH 60.09 0.785 "89.7 — 82.24 — 508.8 53.0 "310.9(l) "1986.6(l)
alcohol
n-Propyl C9 H12 120.19 0.862 "99.50 8.54 159.2 38.24 638.7 31.3 "38.40(l) "5218.2(l)
benzene "7.82(g) "5264.48(g)
Silicon SiO2 60.09 2.25 1710 14.2 2230 — — — "851.0(c) —
dioxide
Sodium NaHCO3 84.01 2.20 Decomposes at 270!C — — "945.6(c) —
bicarbonate
Sodium NaHSO4 120.07 2.742 — — — — — — "1126.3(c) —
bisulfate
Sodium Na2 CO3 105.99 2.533 Decomposes at 854!C — — "1130.9(c) —
carbonate
Sodium NaCl 58.45 2.163 808 28.5 1465 170.7 — — "411.0(c) —
chloride
Sodium NaCN 49.01 — 562 16.7 1497 155 — — "89.79(c) —
cyanide
Sodium NaOH 40.00 2.130 319 8.34 1390 — — — "426.6(c) —
hydroxide "469.4(aq) —
Sodium NaNO3 85.00 2.257 310 15.9 Decomposes at 380!C — "466.7(c) —
nitrate
Sodium NaNO2 69.00 2.1680! 271 — Decomposes at 320!C — "359.4(c) —
nitrite
Sodium Na2 SO4 142.05 2.698 890 24.3 — — — — "1384.5(c) —
sulfate
Sodium Na2 S 78.05 1.856 950 6.7 — — — — "373.2(c) —
sulfide
Sodium Na2 SO3 126.05 2.63315! Decomposes — — "1090.3(c) —
sulfite

(continued)
Physical Property Tables
633
 634 Appendix B

Table B.1 (Continued)

SG !Hˆ m (T m )c, j !Hˆ v (T b )e, j (!Hˆ f !)h, j (!Hˆ c !)i, j

d f g
Compound Formula Mol. Wt. (20!/4!) T m (!C)b kJ/mol T b (!C) kJ/mol T c (K) Pc (atm) kJ/mol kJ/mol

Sodium Na2 S2 O3 158.11 1.667 — — — — — — "1117.1(c) —

thiosulfate
Sulfur S8 256.53 2.07 113 10.04 444.6 83.7 — — 0(c) —
(rhombic)
Sulfur S8 256.53 1.96 119 14.17 444.6 83.7 — — "0.30(c) —
(monoclinic)
Sulfur SO2 64.07 — "75.48 7.402 "10.02 24.91 430.7 77.8 "296.90(g) —
dioxide
Sulfur SO3 80.07 — 16.84 25.48 43.3 41.80 491.4 83.8 "395.18(g) —
trioxide
Sulfuric H2 SO4 98.08 1.83418! 10.35 9.87 Decomposes at 340!C — — "811.32(l) —
acid "907.51(aq) —
Toluene C7 H8 92.13 0.866 "94.99 6.619 110.62 33.47 593.9 40.3 "12.00(l) "3909.9(l)
"50.00(g) "3947.9(g)
Water H2 O 18.016 1.004! 0.00 6.0095 100.00 40.656 647.4 218.3 "285.84(l) —
"241.83(g) —
m-Xylene C8 H10 106.16 0.864 "47.87 11.569 139.10 36.40 619 34.6 "25.42(l) "4551.9(l)
"17.24(g) "4594.5(g)
o-Xylene C8 H10 106.16 0.880 "25.18 13.598 144.42 36.82 631.5 35.7 "24.44(l) "4552.9(l)
"18.99(g) "4596.3(g)
p-Xylene C8 H10 106.16 0.861 13.26 17.11 138.35 36.07 618 33.9 "24.43(l) "4552.91(l)
17.95(g) "4595.2(g)
Zinc Zn 65.38 7.140 419.5 6.674 907 114.77 — — 0(c) —
 Table B.2 Heat Capacitiesa

Form 1: C p [kJ/(mol%!C)] or [kJ/(mol%K)] $ a " bT " cT 2 " dT 3

Form 2: C p [kJ/(mol%!C)] or [kJ/(mol%K)] $ a " bT " cT "2
Physical Property Example: (C p )acetone(g) $ 0.07196 " (20.10 & 10"5 )T " (12.78 & 10"8 )T 2 " (34.76 & 10"12 )T 3 , where T is in !C.
database
Quickly integrates Note: The formulas for gases are strictly applicable at pressures low enough for the ideal gas equation of state to apply.
tabulated heat
capacities Range
Mol. Temp. (Units
Compound Formula Wt. State Form Unit a & 103 b & 105 c & 108 d & 1012 of T )

Acetone CH3 COCH3 58.08 l 1 !C 123.0 18.6 "30–60

g 1 !C 71.96 20.10 "12.78 34.76 0–1200
Acetylene C2 H2 26.04 g 1 !C 42.43 6.053 "5.033 18.20 0–1200
Air 29.0 g 1 !C 28.94 0.4147 0.3191 "1.965 0–1500
g 1 K 28.09 0.1965 0.4799 "1.965 273–1800
Ammonia NH3 17.03 g 1 !C 35.15 2.954 0.4421 "6.686 0–1200
Ammonium sulfate (NH4 )2 SO4 132.15 c 1 K 215.9 275–328
Benzene C6 H6 78.11 l 1 !C 126.5 23.4 6–67
g 1 !C 74.06 32.95 "25.20 77.57 0–1200
Isobutane C4 H10 58.12 g 1 !C 89.46 30.13 "18.91 49.87 0–1200
n -Butane C4 H10 58.12 g 1 !C 92.30 27.88 "15.47 34.98 0–1200
Isobutene C4 H8 56.10 g 1 !C 82.88 25.64 "17.27 50.50 0–1200
Calcium carbide CaC2 64.10 c 2 K 68.62 1.19 "8.66 & 1010 — 298–720
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 100.09 c 2 K 82.34 4.975 "12.87 & 1010 — 273–1033
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 74.10 c 1 K 89.5 276–373
Calcium oxide CaO 56.08 c 2 K 41.84 2.03 "4.52 & 1010 273–1173
Carbon C 12.01 c 2 K 11.18 1.095 "4.891 & 1010 273–1373
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 g 1 !C 36.11 4.233 "2.887 7.464 0–1500
Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 g 1 !C 28.95 0.4110 0.3548 "2.220 0–1500
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 153.84 l 1 K 93.39 12.98 273–343
Chlorine Cl2 70.91 g 1 !C 33.60 1.367 "1.607 6.473 0–1200
Copper Cu 63.54 c 1 K 22.76 0.6117 273–1357
a
Adapted in part from D. M. Himmelblau, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 3rd Edition, # 1974, Table E.1. Adapted by
permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
(continued )
Physical Property Tables
635
Table B.2 (Continued)
636 Appendix B

Range
Mol. Temp. (Units
Compound Formula Wt. State Form Unit a & 103 b & 105 c & 108 d & 1012 of T )

Cumene C9 H12 120.19 g 1 !C 139.2 53.76 "39.79 120.5 0–1200

(Isopropyl benzene)
Cyclohexane C6 H12 84.16 g 1 !C 94.140 49.62 "31.90 80.63 0–1200
Cyclopentane C5 H10 70.13 g 1 !C 73.39 39.28 "25.54 68.66 0–1200
Ethane C 2 H6 30.07 g 1 !C 49.37 13.92 "5.816 7.280 0–1200
Ethyl alcohol C2 H5 OH 46.07 l 1 !C 103.1 0
(Ethanol) l 1 !C 158.8 100
g 1 !C 61.34 15.72 "8.749 19.83 0–1200
Ethylene C 2 H4 28.05 g 1 !C "40.75 11.47 "6.891 17.66 0–1200
Ferric oxide Fe2 O3 159.70 c 2 K 103.4 6.711 "17.72 & 1010 — 273–1097
Formaldehyde CH2 O 30.03 g 1 !C 34.28 4.268 0.0000 "8.694 0–1200
Helium He 4.00 g 1 !C 20.8 0–1200
n -Hexane C6 H14 86.17 l 1 !C 216.3 20–100
g 1 !C 137.44 40.85 "23.92 57.66 0–1200
Hydrogen H2 2.016 g 1 !C 28.84 0.00765 0.3288 "0.8698 0–1500
Hydrogen bromide HBr 80.92 g 1 !C 29.10 "0.0227 0.9887 "4.858 0–1200
Hydrogen chloride HCl 36.47 g 1 !C 29.13 "0.1341 0.9715 "4.335 0–1200
Hydrogen cyanide HCN 27.03 g 1 !C 35.3 2.908 1.092 0–1200
Hydrogen sulfide H2 S 34.08 g 1 !C 33.51 1.547 0.3012 "3.292 0–1500
Magnesium chloride MgCl2 95.23 c 1 K 72.4 1.58 273–991
Magnesium oxide MgO 40.32 c 2 K 45.44 0.5008 "8.732 & 1010 273–2073
Methane CH4 16.04 g 1 !C 34.31 5.469 0.3661 "11.00 0–1200
g 1 K 19.87 5.021 1.268 "11.00 273–1500
Methyl alcohol CH3 OH 32.04 l 1 !C 75.86 16.83 0–65
(Methanol) g 1 !C 42.93 8.301 "1.87 "8.03 0–700
Methyl cyclohexane C7 H14 98.18 g 1 !C 121.3 56.53 "37.72 100.8 0–1200
Methyl cyclopentane C6 H12 84.16 g 1 !C 98.83 45.857 "30.44 83.81 0–1200
Nitric acid NHO3 63.02 l 1 !C 110.0 25
Nitric oxide NO 30.01 g 1 !C 29.50 0.8188 "0.2925 0.3652 0–3500
Nitrogen N2 28.02 g 1 !C 29.00 0.2199 0.5723 "2.871 0–1500
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 46.01 g 1 !C 36.07 3.97 "2.88 7.87 0–1200
Nitrogen tetraoxide N2 O4 92.02 g 1 !C 75.7 12.5 "11.3 0–300
Nitrous oxide N2 O 44.02 g 1 !C 37.66 4.151 "2.694 10.57 0–1200
Oxygen O2 32.00 g 1 !C 29.10 1.158 "0.6076 1.311 0–1500
n -Pentane C5 H12 72.15 l 1 !C 155.4 43.68 0–36
g 1 !C 114.8 34.09 "18.99 42.26 0–1200
Propane C 3 H8 44.09 g 1 !C 68.032 22.59 "13.11 31.71 0–1200
Propylene C3 H6 42.08 g 1 !C 59.580 17.71 "10.17 24.60 0–1200
Sodium carbonate Na2 CO3 105.99 c 1 K 121 288–371
Sodium carbonate Na2 CO3 286.15 c 1 K 535.6 298
decahydrate %10H2 O
Sulfur S 32.07 c 1 K 15.2 2.68 273–368
(Rhombic)
c 1 K 18.3 1.84 368–392
(Monoclinic)
Sulfuric acid H2 SO4 98.08 l 1 !C 139.1 15.59 10–45
Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.07 g 1 !C 38.91 3.904 "3.104 8.606 0–1500
Sulfur trioxide SO3 80.07 g 1 !C 48.50 9.188 "8.540 32.40 0–1000
Toluene C7 H8 92.13 l 1 !C 148.8 32.4 0–110
g 1 !C 94.18 38.00 "27.86 80.33 0–1200
Water H2 O 18.016 l 1 !C 75.4 0–100
g 1 !C 33.46 0.6880 0.7604 "3.593 0–1500
Physical Property Tables
637
638 Appendix B

Table B.3 Vapor Pressure of Watera

pv (mm Hg) versus T (!C)

Example: The vapor pressure of liquid water at 4.3!C is 6.230 mm Hg

T(!C) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

"14 1.361 1.348 1.336 1.324 1.312 1.300 1.288 1.276 1.264 1.253
"13 1.490 1.477 1.464 1.450 1.437 1.424 1.411 1.399 1.386 1.373
Ice "12 1.632 1.617 1.602 1.588 1.574 1.559 1.546 1.532 1.518 1.504
"11 1.785 1.769 1.753 1.737 1.722 1.707 1.691 1.676 1.661 1.646
"10 1.950 1.934 1.916 1.899 1.883 1.866 1.849 1.833 1.817 1.800
"9 2.131 2.122 2.093 2.075 2.057 2.039 2.021 2.003 1.985 1.968
"8 2.326 2.306 2.285 2.266 2.246 2.226 2.207 2.187 2.168 2.149
"7 2.537 2.515 2.493 2.472 2.450 2.429 2.408 2.387 2.367 2.346
"6 2.765 2.742 2.718 2.695 2.672 2.649 2.626 2.603 2.581 2.559
"5 3.013 2.987 2.962 2.937 2.912 2.887 2.862 2.838 2.813 2.790
"4 3.280 3.252 3.225 3.198 3.171 3.144 3.117 3.091 3.065 3.039
"3 3.568 3.539 3.509 3.480 3.451 3.422 3.393 3.364 3.336 3.308
"2 3.880 3.848 3.816 3.785 3.753 3.722 3.691 3.660 3.630 3.599
"1 4.217 4.182 4.147 4.113 4.079 4.045 4.012 3.979 3.946 3.913
"0 4.579 4.542 4.504 4.467 4.431 4.395 4.359 4.323 4.287 4.252

0 4.579 4.613 4.647 4.681 4.715 4.750 4.785 4.820 4.855 4.890
1 4.926 4.962 4.998 5.034 5.070 5.107 5.144 5.181 5.219 5.256
Liquid 2 5.294 5.332 5.370 5.408 5.447 5.486 5.525 5.565 5.605 5.645
water 3 5.685 5.725 5.766 5.807 5.848 5.889 5.931 5.973 6.015 6.058
4 6.101 6.144 6.187 6.230 6.274 6.318 6.363 6.408 6.453 6.498
5 6.543 6.589 6.635 6.681 6.728 6.775 6.822 6.869 6.917 6.965
6 7.013 7.062 7.111 7.160 7.209 7.259 7.309 7.360 7.411 7.462
7 7.513 7.565 7.617 7.669 7.722 7.775 7.828 7.882 7.936 7.990
8 8.045 8.100 8.155 8.211 8.267 8.323 8.380 8.437 8.494 8.551
9 8.609 8.668 8.727 8.786 8.845 8.905 8.965 9.025 9.086 9.147
10 9.209 9.271 9.333 9.395 9.458 9.521 9.585 9.649 9.714 9.779
11 9.844 9.910 9.976 10.042 10.109 10.176 10.244 10.312 10.380 10.449
12 10.518 10.588 10.658 10.728 10.799 10.870 10.941 11.013 11.085 11.158
13 11.231 11.305 11.379 11.453 11.528 11.604 11.680 11.756 11.833 11.910
14 11.987 12.065 12.144 12.223 12.302 12.382 12.462 12.543 12.624 12.706
15 12.788 12.870 12.953 13.037 13.121 13.205 13.290 13.375 13.461 13.547
16 13.634 13.721 13.809 13.898 13.987 14.076 14.166 14.256 14.347 14.438
17 14.530 14.622 14.715 14.809 14.903 14.997 15.092 15.188 15.284 15.380
18 15.477 15.575 15.673 15.772 15.871 15.971 16.771 16.171 16.272 16.374
19 16.477 16.581 16.685 16.789 16.894 16.999 17.105 17.212 17.319 17.427
20 17.535 17.644 17.753 17.863 17.974 18.085 18.197 18.309 18.422 18.536
21 18.650 18.765 18.880 18.996 19.113 19.231 19.349 19.468 19.587 19.707
22 19.827 19.948 20.070 20.193 20.316 20.440 20.565 20.690 20.815 20.941
23 21.068 21.196 21.324 21.453 21.583 21.714 21.845 21.977 22.110 22.243
24 22.377 22.512 22.648 22.785 22.922 23.060 23.198 23.337 23.476 23.616
a
From R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, Eds., Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973,
Tables 3-3 and 3-5. Reprinted by permission of McGraw-Hill Book Co.
(continued )
 Physical Property Tables 639

Table B.3 (Continued)

T (!C) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

25 23.756 23.897 24.039 24.182 24.326 24.471 24.617 24.764 24.912 25.060
26 25.209 25.359 25.509 25.660 25.812 25.964 26.117 26.271 26.426 26.582
27 26.739 26.897 27.055 27.214 27.374 27.535 27.696 27.858 28.021 28.185
28 28.349 28.514 28.680 28.847 29.015 29.184 29.354 29.525 29.697 29.870
29 30.043 30.217 30.392 30.568 30.745 30.923 31.102 31.281 31.461 31.642
30 31.824 32.007 32.191 32.376 32.561 32.747 32.934 33.122 33.312 33.503
31 33.695 33.888 34.082 34.276 34.471 34.667 34.864 35.062 35.261 35.462
32 35.663 35.865 36.068 36.272 36.477 36.683 36.891 37.099 37.308 37.518
33 37.729 37.942 38.155 38.369 33.584 38.801 38.018 39.237 39.457 39.677
34 39.898 40.121 40.344 40.569 40.796 41.023 41.251 41.480 41.710 41.942
35 42.175 42.409 42.644 42.880 43.117 43.355 43.595 43.836 44.078 44.320
36 44.563 44.808 45.054 45.301 45.549 45.799 46.050 46.302 46.556 46.811
37 47.067 47.324 47.582 47.841 48.102 48.364 48.627 48.891 49.157 49.424
38 49.692 49.961 50.231 50.502 50.774 51.048 51.323 51.600 51.879 52.160
39 52.442 52.725 53.009 53.294 53.580 53.867 54.156 54.446 54.737 55.030
40 55.324 55.61 55.91 56.21 56.51 56.81 57.11 57.41 57.72 58.03
41 58.34 58.65 58.96 59.27 59.58 59.90 60.22 60.54 60.86 61.18
42 61.50 61.82 62.14 62.47 62.80 63.13 63.46 63.79 64.12 64.46
43 64.80 65.14 65.48 65.82 66.16 66.51 66.86 67.21 67.56 67.91
44 68.26 68.61 68.97 69.33 69.69 70.05 70.41 70.77 71.14 71.51
45 71.88 72.25 72.62 72.99 73.36 73.74 74.12 74.50 74.88 75.26
46 75.65 76.04 76.43 76.82 77.21 77.60 78.00 78.40 78.80 79.20
47 79.60 80.00 80.41 80.82 81.23 81.64 82.05 82.46 82.87 83.29
48 83.71 84.13 84.56 84.99 85.42 85.85 86.28 86.71 87.14 87.58
49 88.02 88.46 88.90 89.34 89.79 90.24 90.69 91.14 91.59 92.05

T (!C ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

50 92.51 97.20 102.09 107.20 112.51 118.04 123.80 129.82 136.08 142.60
60 149.38 156.43 163.77 171.38 179.31 187.54 196.09 204.96 214.17 223.73
70 233.7 243.9 254.6 265.7 277.2 289.1 301.4 314.1 327.3 341.0
80 355.1 369.7 384.9 400.6 416.8 433.6 450.9 468.7 487.1 506.1

T (!C ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

90 525.76 527.76 529.77 531.78 533.80 535.82 537.86 539.90 541.95 544.00
91 546.05 548.11 550.18 552.26 554.35 556.44 558.53 560.64 562.75 564.87
92 566.99 569.12 571.26 573.40 575.55 577.71 579.87 582.04 584.22 586.41
93 588.60 590.80 593.00 595.21 597.43 599.66 601.89 604.13 606.38 608.64
94 610.90 613.17 615.44 617.72 620.01 622.31 624.61 626.92 629.24 631.57
95 633.90 636.24 938.59 640.94 643.30 645.67 648.05 650.43 652.82 655.22
96 657.62 660.03 662.45 664.88 667.31 669.75 672.20 674.66 677.12 679.69
97 682.07 684.55 687.04 689.54 692.05 694.57 697.10 699.63 702.17 704.71
98 707.27 709.83 712.40 714.98 717.56 720.15 722.75 725.36 727.98 730.61
99 733.24 735.88 738.53 741.18 743.85 746.52 749.20 751.89 754.58 757.29
100 760.00 762.72 765.45 768.19 770.93 773.68 776.44 779.22 782.00 784.78
101 787.57 790.37 793.18 796.00 798.82 801.66 804.50 807.35 810.21 813.08
640 Appendix B

Table B.4 Antoine Equation Constantsa

B
log10 p! $ A " p! in mm Hg, T in !C
T "C
Example: The vapor pressure of acetaldehyde at 25!C is determined as follows:
1600.017
log10 p!C2 H4 O (25!C) $ 8.00552 " $ 2.9551
25 " 291.809
p!C2 H4 O (25!C) $ 102.9551 $ 902 mm Hg

Compound Formula Range (!C) A B C

Acetaldehyde C2 H4 O "0.2 to 34.4 8.00552 1600.017 291.809

Acetic acid C2 H4 O2 29.8 to 126.5 7.38782 1533.313 222.309
Acetic acid* C2 H4 O2 0 to 36 7.18807 1416.7 225
Acetic anhydride C4 H6 O3 62.8 to 139.4 7.14948 1444.718 199.817
Acetone C3 H6 O "12.9 to 55.3 7.11714 1210.595 229.664
Acrylic acid C3 H4 O2 20.0 to 70.0 5.65204 648.629 154.683
Ammonia* NH3 "83 to 60 7.55466 1002.711 247.885
Aniline C6 H7 N 102.6 to 185.2 7.32010 1731.515 206.049
Benzene C6 H6 14.5 to 80.9 6.89272 1203.531 219.888
n -Butane n -C4 H10 "78.0 to "0.3 6.82485 943.453 239.711
i -Butane i -C4 H10 "85.1 to "11.6 6.78866 899.617 241.942
1-Butanol C4 H10 O 89.2 to 125.7 7.36366 1305.198 173.427
2-Butanol C4 H10 O 72.4 to 107.1 7.20131 1157.000 168.279
1-Butene C4 H8 "77.5 to "3.7 6.53101 810.261 228.066
Butyric acid C4 H8 O2 20.0 to 150.0 8.71019 2433.014 255.189
Carbon disulfide CS2 3.6 to 79.9 6.94279 1169.110 241.593
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 14.1 to 76.0 6.87926 1212.021 226.409
Chlorobenzene C6 H5 Cl 62.0 to 131.7 6.97808 1431.053 217.550
Chlorobenzene* C6 H5 Cl 0 to 42 7.10690 1500.0 224.0
Chlorobenzene* C6 H5 Cl 42 to 230 6.94504 1413.12 216.0
Chloroform CHCl3 "10.4 to 60.3 6.95465 1170.966 226.232
Chloroform* CHCl3 "30 to 150 6.90328 1163.03 227.4
Cyclohexane C6 H12 19.9 to 81.6 6.84941 1206.001 223.148
Cyclohexanol C6 H12 O 93.7 to 160.7 6.25530 912.866 109.126
n -Decane n -C10 H22 94.5 to 175.1 6.95707 1503.568 194.738
1-Decene C10 H20 86.8 to 171.6 6.95433 1497.527 197.056
1,1-Dichloroethane C2 H4 Cl2 "38.8 to 17.6 6.97702 1174.022 229.060
1,2-Dichloroethane C2 H4 Cl "30.8 to 99.4 7.02530 1271.254 222.927
Dichloromethane CH2 Cl2 "40.0 to 40 7.40916 1325.938 252.616
Diethyl ether C4 H10 O "60.8 to 19.9 6.92032 1064.066 228.799
Diethyl ketone C5 H10 O 56.5 to 111.3 7.02529 1310.281 214.192
Diethylene glycol C4 H10 O2 130.0 to 243.0 7.63666 1939.359 162.714
Dimethyl ether C2 H6 O "78.2 to "24.9 6.97603 889.264 241.957
Dimethylamine C2 H7 N "71.8 to 6.9 7.08212 960.242 221.667
N,N-Dimethylformamide C3 H7 NO 30.0 to 90.0 6.92796 1400.869 196.434
1,4-Dioxane C4 H8 O2 20.0 to 105.0 7.43155 1554.679 240.337
Ethanol C2 H6 O 19.6 to 93.4 8.11220 1592.864 226.184
Ethanolamine C2 H7 NO 65.4 to 170.9 7.45680 1577.670 173.368
Ethyl acetate C4 H8 O2 15.6 to 75.8 7.10179 1244.951 217.881
Ethyl acetate* C4 H8 O2 "20 to 150 7.09808 1238.710 217.0
Ethyl chloride C2 H5 Cl "55.9 to 12.5 6.98647 1030.007 238.612
Ethylbenzene C8 H10 56.5 to 137.1 6.95650 1423.543 213.091
a
Adapted from T. Boublik, V. Fried, and E. Hala, The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 1973. If marked with an asterisk (*), constants are from Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry,
9th Edition, Handbook Publishers, Inc., Sandusky, OH, 1956.
(continued )
 Physical Property Tables 641

Table B.4 (Continued)

Compound Formula Range (!C) A B C

Ethylene glycol C2 H6 O2 50.0 to 200.0 8.09083 2088.936 203.454

Ethylene oxide C2 H4 O 0.3 to 31.8 8.69016 2005.779 334.765
1,2-Ethylenediamine C2 H8 N2 26.5 to 117.4 7.16871 1336.235 194.366
Formaldehyde HCHO "109.4 to "22.3 7.19578 970.595 244.124
Formic acid CH2 O2 37.4 to 100.7 7.58178 1699.173 260.714
Glycerol C3 H8 O3 183.3 to 260.4 6.16501 1036.056 28.097
n -Heptane n -C7 H16 25.9 to 99.3 6.90253 1267.828 216.823
i -Heptane i -C7 H16 18.5 to 90.9 6.87689 1238.122 219.783
1-Heptene C7 H14 21.6 to 94.5 6.91381 1265.120 220.051
n -Hexane n -C6 H14 13.0 to 69.5 6.88555 1175.817 224.867
i -Hexane i -C6 H14 12.8 to 61.1 6.86839 1151.401 228.477
1-Hexene C6 H12 15.9 to 64.3 6.86880 1154.646 226.046
Hydrogen Cyanide HCN "16.4 to 46.2 7.52823 1329.49 260.418
Methanol CH3 OH 14.9 to 83.7 8.08097 1582.271 239.726
Methanol* CH3 OH "20 to 140 7.87863 1473.11 230.0
Methyl acetate C3 H6 O2 1.8 to 55.8 7.06524 1157.630 219.726
Methyl bromide CH3 Br "70.0 to 3.6 7.09084 1046.066 244.914
Methyl chloride CH3 Cl "75.0 to 5.0 7.09349 948.582 249.336
Methyl ethyl ketone C4 H8 O 42.8 to 88.4 7.06356 1261.339 221.969
Methyl isobutyl ketone C6 H12 O 21.7 to 116.2 6.67272 1168.408 191.944
Methyl methacrylate C5 H8 O2 39.2 to 89.2 8.40919 2050.467 274.369
Methylamine CH5 N "83.1 to "6.2 7.33690 1011.532 233.286
Methylcyclohexane C7 H14 25.6 to 101.8 6.82827 1273.673 221.723
Naphthalene C10 H8 80.3 to 179.5 7.03358 1756.328 204.842
Nitrobenzene C6 H5 NO2 134.1 to 210.6 7.11562 1746.586 201.783
Nitromethane CH3 NO2 55.7 to 136.4 7.28166 1446.937 227.600
n -Nonane n -C9 H20 70.3 to 151.8 6.93764 1430.459 201.808
1-Nonene C9 H18 66.6 to 147.9 6.95777 1437.862 205.814
n -Octane n -C8 H18 52.9 to 126.6 6.91874 1351.756 209.100
i -Octane i -C8 H18 41.7 to 118.5 6.88814 1319.529 211.625
1-Octene C8 H16 44.9 to 122.2 6.93637 1355.779 213.022
n -Pentane n -C5 H12 13.3 to 36.8 6.84471 1060.793 231.541
i -Pentane i -C5 H12 16.3 to 28.6 6.73457 992.019 229.564
1-Pentanol C5 H12 O 74.7 to 156.0 7.18246 1287.625 161.330
1-Pentene C5 H10 12.8 to 30.7 6.84268 1043.206 233.344
Phenol C6 H6 O 107.2 to 181.8 7.13301 1516.790 174.954
1-Propanol C3 H8 O 60.2 to 104.6 7.74416 1437.686 198.463
2-Propanol C3 H8 O 52.3 to 89.3 7.74021 1359.517 197.527
Propionic acid C3 H6 O2 72.4 to 128.3 7.71423 1733.418 217.724
Propylene oxide C3 H6 O "24.2 to 34.8 7.01443 1086.369 228.594
Pyridine C5 H5 N 67.3 to 152.9 7.04115 1373.799 214.979
Styrene C8 H8 29.9 to 144.8 7.06623 1507.434 214.985
Toluene C7 H8 35.3 to 111.5 6.95805 1346.773 219.693
1,1,1-Trichloroethane C2 H3 Cl3 "5.4 to 16.9 8.64344 2136.621 302.769
1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2 H3 Cl3 50.0 to 113.7 6.95185 1314.410 209.197
Trichloroethylene C2 HCl3 17.8 to 86.5 6.51827 1018.603 192.731
Vinyl acetate C4 H6 O2 21.8 to 72.0 7.21010 1296.130 226.655
Water* H2 O 0 to 60 8.10765 1750.286 235.000
Water* H2 O 60 to 150 7.96681 1668.210 228.000
m -Xylene m -C8 H10 59.2 to 140.0 7.00646 1460.183 214.827
o -Xylene o -C8 H10 63.5 to 145.4 7.00154 1476.393 213.872
p -Xylene p -C8 H10 58.3 to 139.3 6.98820 1451.792 215.111
642 Appendix B

Table B.5 Properties of Saturated Steam: Temperature Tablea

Vˆ (m3 /kg) Uˆ (kJ/kg) Hˆ (kJ/kg)

T (!C) P(bar) Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam

0.01 0.00611 0.001000 206.2 zero 2375.6 "0.0 2501.6 2501.6

2 0.00705 0.001000 179.9 8.4 2378.3 8.4 2496.8 2505.2
4 0.00813 0.001000 157.3 16.8 2381.1 16.8 2492.1 2508.9
6 0.00935 0.001000 137.8 25.2 2383.8 25.2 2487.4 2512.6
8 0.01072 0.001000 121.0 33.6 2386.6 33.6 2482.6 2516.2
10 0.01227 0.001000 106.4 42.0 2389.3 42.0 2477.9 2519.9
12 0.01401 0.001000 93.8 50.4 2392.1 50.4 2473.2 2523.6
14 0.01597 0.001001 82.9 58.8 2394.8 58.8 2468.5 2527.2
16 0.01817 0.001001 73.4 67.1 2397.6 67.1 2463.8 2530.9
18 0.02062 0.001001 65.1 75.5 2400.3 75.5 2459.0 2534.5
20 0.0234 0.001002 57.8 83.9 2403.0 83.9 2454.3 2538.2
22 0.0264 0.001002 51.5 92.2 2405.8 92.2 2449.6 2541.8
24 0.0298 0.001003 45.9 100.6 2408.5 100.6 2444.9 2545.5
25 0.0317 0.001003 43.4 104.8 2409.9 104.8 2442.5 2547.3
26 0.0336 0.001003 41.0 108.9 2411.2 108.9 2440.2 2549.1
28 0.0378 0.001004 36.7 117.3 2414.0 117.3 2435.4 2552.7
30 0.0424 0.001004 32.9 125.7 2416.7 125.7 2430.7 2556.4
32 0.0475 0.001005 29.6 134.0 2419.4 134.0 2425.9 2560.0
34 0.0532 0.001006 26.6 142.4 2422.1 142.4 2421.2 2563.6
36 0.0594 0.001006 24.0 150.7 2424.8 150.7 2416.4 2567.2
38 0.0662 0.001007 21.6 159.1 2427.5 159.1 2411.7 2570.8
40 0.0738 0.001008 19.55 167.4 2430.2 167.5 2406.9 2574.4
42 0.0820 0.001009 17.69 175.8 2432.9 175.8 2402.1 2577.9
44 0.0910 0.001009 16.04 184.2 2435.6 184.2 2397.3 2581.5
46 0.1009 0.001010 14.56 192.5 2438.3 192.5 2392.5 2585.1
48 0.1116 0.001011 13.23 200.9 2440.9 200.9 2387.7 2588.6
50 0.1234 0.001012 12.05 209.2 2443.6 209.3 2382.9 2592.2
52 0.1361 0.001013 10.98 217.7 2446 217.7 2377 2595
54 0.1500 0.001014 10.02 226.0 2449 226.0 2373 2599
56 0.1651 0.001015 9.158 234.4 2451 234.4 2368 2602
58 0.1815 0.001016 8.380 242.8 2454 242.8 2363 2606
60 0.1992 0.001017 7.678 251.1 2456 251.1 2358 2609
62 0.2184 0.001018 7.043 259.5 2459 259.5 2353 2613
64 0.2391 0.001019 6.468 267.9 2461 267.9 2348 2616
66 0.2615 0.001020 5.947 276.2 2464 276.2 2343 2619
68 0.2856 0.001022 5.475 284.6 2467 284.6 2338 2623
a
From R. W. Haywood, Thermodynamic Tables in SI (Metric) Units, Cambridge University Press,
London, 1968. Vˆ $ specific volume, Uˆ $ specific internal energy, and Hˆ $ specific enthalpy. Note:
kJ/kg & 0.4303 $ Btu/lbm .
(continued )
 Physical Property Tables 643

Table B.5 (Continued)

Vˆ (m3 /kg) Uˆ (kJ/kg) Hˆ (kJ/kg)

T (!C) P(bar) Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam

70 0.3117 0.001023 5.045 293.0 2469 293.0 2333 2626

72 0.3396 0.001024 4.655 301.4 2472 301.4 2329 2630
74 0.3696 0.001025 4.299 309.8 2474 309.8 2323 2633
76 0.4019 0.001026 3.975 318.2 2476 318.2 2318 2636
78 0.4365 0.001028 3.679 326.4 2479 326.4 2313 2639
80 0.4736 0.001029 3.408 334.8 2482 334.9 2308 2643
82 0.5133 0.001030 3.161 343.2 2484 343.3 2303 2646
84 0.5558 0.001032 2.934 351.6 2487 351.7 2298 2650
86 0.6011 0.001033 2.727 360.0 2489 360.1 2293 2653
88 0.6495 0.001034 2.536 368.4 2491 368.5 2288 2656
90 0.7011 0.001036 2.361 376.9 2493 377.0 2282 2659
92 0.7560 0.001037 2.200 385.3 2496 385.4 2277 2662
94 0.8145 0.001039 2.052 393.7 2499 393.8 2272 2666
96 0.8767 0.001040 1.915 402.1 2501 402.2 2267 2669
98 0.9429 0.001042 1.789 410.6 2504 410.7 2262 2673
100 1.0131 0.001044 1.673 419.0 2507 419.1 2257 2676
102 1.0876 0.001045 1.566 427.1 2509 427.5 2251 2679
Table B.6 Properties of Saturated Steam: Pressure Tablea
644 Appendix B

Vˆ (m3 /kg) Uˆ (kJ/kg) Hˆ (kJ/kg)

P(bar) T (!C) Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam

0.00611 0.01 0.001000 206.2 zero 2375.6 "0.0 2501.6 2501.6

0.008 3.8 0.001000 159.7 15.8 2380.7 15.8 2492.6 2508.5
0.010 7.0 0.001000 129.2 29.3 2385.2 29.3 2485.0 2514.4
0.012 9.7 0.001000 108.7 40.6 2388.9 40.6 2478.7 2519.3
0.014 12.0 0.001000 93.9 50.3 2392.0 50.3 2473.2 2523.5
0.016 14.0 0.001001 82.8 58.9 2394.8 58.9 2468.4 2527.3
0.018 15.9 0.001001 74.0 66.5 2397.4 66.5 2464.1 2530.6
0.020 17.5 0.001001 67.0 73.5 2399.6 73.5 2460.2 2533.6
0.022 19.0 0.001002 61.2 79.8 2401.7 79.8 2456.6 2536.4
0.024 20.4 0.001002 56.4 85.7 2403.6 85.7 2453.3 2539.0
0.026 21.7 0.001002 52.3 91.1 2405.4 91.1 2450.2 2541.3
0.028 23.0 0.001002 48.7 96.2 2407.1 96.2 2447.3 2543.6
0.030 24.1 0.001003 45.7 101.0 2408.6 101.0 2444.6 2545.6
0.035 26.7 0.001003 39.5 111.8 2412.2 111.8 2438.5 2550.4
0.040 29.0 0.001004 34.8 121.4 2415.3 121.4 2433.1 2554.5
0.045 31.0 0.001005 31.1 130.0 2418.1 130.0 2428.2 2558.2
0.050 32.9 0.001005 28.2 137.8 2420.6 137.8 2423.8 2561.6
0.060 36.2 0.001006 23.74 151.5 2425.1 151.5 2416.0 2567.5
0.070 39.0 0.001007 20.53 163.4 2428.9 163.4 2409.2 2572.6
0.080 41.5 0.001008 18.10 173.9 2432.3 173.9 2403.2 2577.1
0.090 43.8 0.001009 16.20 183.3 2435.3 183.3 2397.9 2581.1
0.10 45.8 0.001010 14.67 191.8 2438.0 191.8 2392.9 2584.8
0.11 47.7 0.001011 13.42 199.7 2440.5 199.7 2388.4 2588.1
0.12 49.4 0.001012 12.36 206.9 2442.8 206.9 2384.3 2591.2
0.13 51.1 0.001013 11.47 213.7 2445.0 213.7 2380.4 2594.0
0.14 52.6 0.001013 10.69 220.0 2447.0 220.0 2376.7 2596.7
 0.15 54.0 0.001014 10.02 226.0 2448.9 226.0 2373.2 2599.2
0.16 55.3 0.001015 9.43 231.6 2450.6 231.6 2370.0 2601.6
0.17 56.6 0.001015 8.91 236.9 2452.3 236.9 2366.9 2603.8
0.18 57.8 0.001016 8.45 242.0 2453.9 242.0 2363.9 2605.9
0.19 59.0 0.001017 8.03 246.8 2455.4 246.8 2361.1 2607.9
0.20 60.1 0.001017 7.65 251.5 2456.9 251.5 2358.4 2609.9
0.22 62.2 0.001018 7.00 260.1 2459.6 260.1 2353.3 2613.5
0.24 64.1 0.001019 6.45 268.2 2462.1 268.2 2348.6 2616.8
0.26 65.9 0.001020 5.98 275.6 2464.4 275.7 2344.2 2619.9
0.28 67.5 0.001021 5.58 282.7 2466.5 282.7 2340.0 2622.7
0.30 69.1 0.001022 5.23 289.3 2468.6 289.3 2336.1 2625.4
0.35 72.7 0.001025 4.53 304.3 2473.1 304.3 2327.2 2631.5
0.40 75.9 0.001027 3.99 317.6 2477.1 317.7 2319.2 2636.9
0.45 78.7 0.001028 3.58 329.6 2480.7 329.6 2312.0 2641.7
0.50 81.3 0.001030 3.24 340.5 2484.0 340.6 2305.4 2646.0
0.55 83.7 0.001032 2.96 350.6 2486.9 350.6 2299.3 2649.9
0.60 86.0 0.001033 2.73 359.9 2489.7 359.9 2293.6 2653.6
0.65 88.0 0.001035 2.53 368.5 2492.2 368.6 2288.3 2656.9
0.70 90.0 0.001036 2.36 376.7 2494.5 376.8 2283.3 2660.1
0.75 91.8 0.001037 2.22 384.4 2496.7 384.5 2278.6 2663.0
0.80 93.5 0.001039 2.087 391.6 2498.8 391.7 2274.1 2665.8
0.85 95.2 0.001040 1.972 398.5 2500.8 398.6 2269.8 2668.4
0.90 96.7 0.001041 1.869 405.1 2502.6 405.2 2265.6 2670.9
0.95 98.2 0.001042 1.777 411.4 2504.4 411.5 2261.7 2673.2
1.00 99.6 0.001043 1.694 417.4 2506.1 417.5 2257.9 2675.4
1.01325 100.0 0.001044 1.673 419.0 2506.5 419.1 2256.9 2676.0
(1 atm)
a
From R. W. Haywood, Thermodynamic Tables in SI (Metric) Units, Cambridge University Press, London, 1968. Vˆ $ specific volume, Uˆ $ specific
internal energy, and Hˆ $ specific enthalpy. Note: kJ/kg & 0.4303 $ Btu/lbm .
(continued )
Physical Property Tables
645
Table B.6 (Continued) 646 Appendix B

Vˆ (m3 /kg) Uˆ (kJ/kg) Hˆ (kJ/kg)

P(bar) T (!C) Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam

1.1 102.3 0.001046 1.549 428.7 2509.2 428.8 2250.8 2679.6

1.2 104.8 0.001048 1.428 439.2 2512.1 439.4 2244.1 2683.4
1.3 107.1 0.001049 1.325 449.1 2514.7 449.2 2237.8 2687.0
1.4 109.3 0.001051 1.236 458.3 2517.2 458.4 2231.9 2690.3
1.5 111.4 0.001053 1.159 467.0 2519.5 467.1 2226.2 2693.4
1.6 113.3 0.001055 1.091 475.2 2521.7 475.4 2220.9 2696.2
1.7 115.2 0.001056 1.031 483.0 2523.7 483.2 2215.7 2699.0
1.8 116.9 0.001058 0.977 490.5 2525.6 490.7 2210.8 2701.5
1.9 118.6 0.001059 0.929 497.6 2527.5 497.8 2206.1 2704.0
2.0 120.2 0.001061 0.885 504.5 2529.2 504.7 2201.6 2706.3
2.2 123.3 0.001064 0.810 517.4 2532.4 517.6 2193.0 2710.6
2.4 126.1 0.001066 0.746 529.4 2535.4 529.6 2184.9 2714.5
2.6 128.7 0.001069 0.693 540.6 2538.1 540.9 2177.3 2718.2
2.8 131.2 0.001071 0.646 551.1 2540.6 551.4 2170.1 2721.5
3.0 133.5 0.001074 0.606 561.1 2543.0 561.4 2163.2 2724.7
3.2 135.8 0.001076 0.570 570.6 2545.2 570.9 2156.7 2727.6
3.4 137.9 0.001078 0.538 579.6 2547.2 579.9 2150.4 2730.3
3.6 139.9 0.001080 0.510 588.1 2549.2 588.5 2144.4 2732.9
3.8 141.8 0.001082 0.485 596.4 2551.0 596.8 2138.6 2735.3
4.0 143.6 0.001084 0.462 604.2 2552.7 604.7 2133.0 2737.6
4.2 145.4 0.001086 0.442 611.8 2554.4 612.3 2127.5 2739.8
4.4 147.1 0.001088 0.423 619.1 2555.9 619.6 2122.3 2741.9
4.6 148.7 0.001089 0.405 626.2 2557.4 626.7 2117.2 2743.9
4.8 150.3 0.001091 0.389 633.0 2558.8 633.5 2112.2 2745.7
5.0 151.8 0.001093 0.375 639.6 2560.2 640.1 2107.4 2747.5
5.5 155.5 0.001097 0.342 655.2 2563.3 655.8 2095.9 2751.7
6.0 158.8 0.001101 0.315 669.8 2566.2 670.4 2085.0 2755.5
6.5 162.0 0.001105 0.292 683.4 2568.7 684.1 2074.7 2758.9
7.0 165.0 0.001108 0.273 696.3 2571.1 697.1 2064.9 2762.0
 7.5 167.8 0.001112 0.2554 708.5 2573.3 709.3 2055.5 2764.8
8.0 170.4 0.001115 0.2403 720.0 2575.5 720.9 2046.5 2767.5
8.5 172.9 0.001118 0.2268 731.1 2577.1 732.0 2037.9 2769.9
9.0 175.4 0.001121 0.2148 741.6 2578.8 742.6 2029.5 2772.1
9.5 177.7 0.001124 0.2040 751.8 2580.4 752.8 2021.4 2774.2
10.0 179.9 0.001127 0.1943 761.5 2581.9 762.6 2013.6 2776.2
10.5 182.0 0.001130 0.1855 770.8 2583.3 772.0 2005.9 2778.0
11.0 184.1 0.001133 0.1774 779.9 2584.5 781.1 1998.5 2779.7
11.5 186.0 0.001136 0.1700 788.6 2585.8 789.9 1991.3 2781.3
12.0 188.0 0.001139 0.1632 797.1 2586.9 798.4 1984.3 2782.7
12.5 189.8 0.001141 0.1569 805.3 2588.0 806.7 1977.4 2784.1
13.0 191.6 0.001144 0.1511 813.2 2589.0 814.7 1970.7 2785.4
14 195.0 0.001149 0.1407 828.5 2590.8 830.1 1957.7 2787.8
15 198.3 0.001154 0.1317 842.9 2592.4 844.7 1945.2 2789.9
16 201.4 0.001159 0.1237 856.7 2593.8 858.6 1933.2 2791.7
17 204.3 0.001163 0.1166 869.9 2595.1 871.8 1921.5 2793.4
18 207.1 0.001168 0.1103 882.5 2596.3 884.6 1910.3 2794.8
19 209.8 0.001172 0.1047 894.6 2597.3 896.8 1899.3 2796.1
20 212.4 0.001177 0.0995 906.2 2598.2 908.6 1888.6 2797.2
21 214.9 0.001181 0.0949 917.5 2598.9 920.0 1878.2 2798.2
22 217.2 0.001185 0.0907 928.3 2599.6 931.0 1868.1 2799.1
23 219.6 0.001189 0.0868 938.9 2600.2 941.6 1858.2 2799.8
24 221.8 0.001193 0.0832 949.1 2600.7 951.9 1848.5 2800.4
25 223.9 0.001197 0.0799 959.0 2601.2 962.0 1839.0 2800.9
26 226.0 0.001201 0.0769 968.6 2601.5 971.7 1829.6 2801.4
27 228.1 0.001205 0.0740 978.0 2601.8 981.2 1820.5 2801.7
28 230.0 0.001209 0.0714 987.1 2602.1 990.5 1811.5 2802.0
29 232.0 0.001213 0.0689 996.0 2602.3 999.5 1802.6 2802.2
30 233.8 0.001216 0.0666 1004.7 2602.4 1008.4 1793.9 2802.3
32 237.4 0.001224 0.0624 1021.5 2602.5 1025.4 1776.9 2802.3
34 240.9 0.001231 0.0587 1037.6 2602.5 1041.8 1760.3 2802.1
36 244.2 0.001238 0.0554 1053.1 2602.2 1057.6 1744.2 2801.7
38 247.3 0.001245 0.0524 1068.0 2601.9 1072.7 1728.4 2801.1
(continued )
Physical Property Tables
647
Table B.6 (Continued)
648 Appendix B

Vˆ (m3 /kg) Uˆ (kJ/kg) Hˆ (kJ/kg)

P(bar) T (!C) Water Steam Water Steam Water Evaporation Steam

40 250.3 0.001252 0.0497 1082.4 2601.3 1087.4 1712.9 2800.3

42 253.2 0.001259 0.0473 1096.3 2600.7 1101.6 1697.8 2799.4
44 256.0 0.001266 0.0451 1109.8 2599.9 1115.4 1682.9 2798.3
46 258.8 0.001272 0.0430 1122.9 2599.1 1128.8 1668.3 2797.1
48 261.4 0.001279 0.0412 1135.6 2598.1 1141.8 1653.9 2795.7
50 263.9 0.001286 0.0394 1148.0 2597.0 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2
52 266.4 0.001292 0.0378 1160.1 2595.9 1166.8 1625.7 2792.6
54 268.8 0.001299 0.0363 1171.9 2594.6 1178.9 1611.9 2790.8
56 271.1 0.001306 0.0349 1183.5 2593.3 1190.8 1598.2 2789.0
58 273.3 0.001312 0.0337 1194.7 2591.9 1202.3 1584.7 2787.0
60 275.6 0.001319 0.0324 1205.8 2590.4 1213.7 1571.3 2785.0
62 277.7 0.001325 0.0313 1216.6 2588.8 1224.8 1558.0 2782.9
64 279.8 0.001332 0.0302 1227.2 2587.2 1235.7 1544.9 2780.6
66 281.8 0.001338 0.0292 1237.6 2585.5 1246.5 1531.9 2778.3
68 283.8 0.001345 0.0283 1247.9 2583.7 1257.0 1518.9 2775.9
70 285.8 0.001351 0.0274 1258.0 2581.8 1267.4 1506.0 2773.5
72 287.7 0.001358 0.0265 1267.9 2579.9 1277.6 1493.3 2770.9
74 289.6 0.001364 0.0257 1277.6 2578.0 1287.7 1480.5 2768.3
76 291.4 0.001371 0.0249 1287.2 2575.9 1297.6 1467.9 2765.5
78 293.2 0.001378 0.0242 1296.7 2573.8 1307.4 1455.3 2762.8
80 295.0 0.001384 0.0235 1306.0 2571.7 1317.1 1442.8 2759.9
82 296.7 0.001391 0.0229 1315.2 2569.5 1326.6 1430.3 2757.0
84 298.4 0.001398 0.0222 1324.3 2567.2 1336.1 1417.9 2754.0
86 300.1 0.001404 0.0216 1333.3 2564.9 1345.4 1405.5 2750.9
88 301.7 0.001411 0.0210 1342.2 2562.6 1354.6 1393.2 2747.8
90 303.3 0.001418 0.02050 1351.0 2560.1 1363.7 1380.9 2744.6
92 304.9 0.001425 0.01996 1359.7 2557.7 1372.8 1368.6 2741.4
94 306.4 0.001432 0.01945 1368.2 2555.2 1381.7 1356.3 2738.0
 96 308.0 0.001439 0.01897 1376.7 2552.6 1390.6 1344.1 2734.7
98 309.5 0.001446 0.01849 1385.2 2550.0 1399.3 1331.9 2731.2
100 311.0 0.001453 0.01804 1393.5 2547.3 1408.0 1319.7 2727.7
105 314.6 0.001470 0.01698 1414.1 2540.4 1429.5 1289.2 2718.7
110 318.0 0.001489 0.01601 1434.2 2533.2 1450.6 1258.7 2709.3
115 321.4 0.001507 0.01511 1454.0 2525.7 1471.3 1228.2 2699.5
120 324.6 0.001527 0.01428 1473.4 2517.8 1491.8 1197.4 2689.2
125 327.8 0.001547 0.01351 1492.7 2509.4 1512.0 1166.4 2678.4
130 330.8 0.001567 0.01280 1511.6 2500.6 1532.0 1135.0 2667.0
135 333.8 0.001588 0.01213 1530.4 2491.3 1551.9 1103.1 2655.0
140 336.6 0.001611 0.01150 1549.1 2481.4 1571.6 1070.7 2642.4
145 339.4 0.001634 0.01090 1567.5 2471.0 1591.3 1037.7 2629.1
150 342.1 0.001658 0.01034 1586.1 2459.9 1611.0 1004.0 2615.0
155 344.8 0.001683 0.00981 1604.6 2448.2 1630.7 969.6 2600.3
160 347.3 0.001710 0.00931 1623.2 2436.0 1650.5 934.3 2584.9
165 349.8 0.001739 0.00883 1641.8 2423.1 1670.5 898.3 2568.8
170 352.3 0.001770 0.00837 1661.6 2409.3 1691.7 859.9 2551.6
175 354.6 0.001803 0.00793 1681.8 2394.6 1713.3 820.0 2533.3
180 357.0 0.001840 0.00750 1701.7 2378.9 1734.8 779.1 2513.9
185 359.2 0.001881 0.00708 1721.7 2362.1 1756.5 736.6 2493.1
190 361.4 0.001926 0.00668 1742.1 2343.8 1778.7 692.0 2470.6
195 363.6 0.001977 0.00628 1763.2 2323.6 1801.8 644.2 2446.0
200 365.7 0.00204 0.00588 1785.7 2300.8 1826.5 591.9 2418.4
205 367.8 0.00211 0.00546 1810.7 2274.4 1853.9 532.5 2386.4
210 369.8 0.00220 0.00502 1840.0 2242.1 1886.3 461.3 2347.6
215 371.8 0.00234 0.00451 1878.6 2198.1 1928.9 366.2 2295.2
220 373.7 0.00267 0.00373 1952 2114 2011 185 2196
221.2 374.15 0.00317 0.00317 2038 2038 2108 0 2108
(Critical point)
Physical Property Tables
649
650 Appendix B

Table B.7 Properties of Superheated Steama

P(bar) Sat’d Sat’d Temperature (!C)
(T sat. !C) Water Steam 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350
0.0 Hˆ — — 2595 2642 2689 2784 2880 2978 3077 3177
(—) Uˆ — — 2446 2481 2517 2589 2662 2736 2812 2890
Vˆ — — — — — — — — — —
0.1 Hˆ 191.8 2584.8 2593 2640 2688 2783 2880 2977 3077 3177
(45.8) Uˆ 191.8 2438.0 2444 2480 2516 2588 2661 2736 2812 2890
Vˆ 0.00101 14.7 14.8 16.0 17.2 19.5 21.8 24.2 26.5 28.7
0.5 Hˆ 340.6 2646.0 209.3 313.9 2683 2780 2878 2979 3076 3177
(81.3) Uˆ 340.6 2484.0 209.2 313.9 2512 2586 2660 2735 2811 2889
Vˆ 0.00103 3.24 0.00101 0.00103 3.41 3.89 4.35 4.83 5.29 5.75
1.0 Hˆ 417.5 2675.4 209.3 314.0 2676 2776 2875 2975 3074 3176
(99.6) Uˆ 417.5 2506.1 209.2 313.9 2507 2583 2658 2734 2811 2889
Vˆ 0.00104 1.69 0.00101 0.00103 1.69 1.94 2.17 2.40 2.64 2.87
5.0 Hˆ 640.1 2747.5 209.7 314.3 419.4 632.2 2855 2961 3065 3168
(151.8) Uˆ 639.6 2560.2 209.2 313.8 418.8 631.6 2643 2724 2803 2883
Vˆ 0.00109 0.375 0.00101 0.00103 0.00104 0.00109 0.425 0.474 0.522 0.571
10 Hˆ 762.6 2776.2 210.1 314.7 419.7 632.5 2827 2943 3052 3159
(179.9) Uˆ 761.5 2582 209.1 313.7 418.7 631.4 2621 2710 2794 2876
Vˆ 0.00113 0.194 0.00101 0.00103 0.00104 0.00109 0.206 0.233 0.258 0.282
20 Hˆ 908.6 2797.2 211.0 315.5 420.5 633.1 852.6 2902 3025 3139
(212.4) Uˆ 906.2 2598.2 209.0 313.5 418.4 603.9 850.2 2679 2774 2862
Vˆ 0.00118 0.09950 0.00101 0.00102 0.00104 0.00109 0.00116 0.111 0.125 0.139
40 Hˆ 1087.4 2800.3 212.7 317.1 422.0 634.3 853.4 1085.8 2962 3095
(250.3) Uˆ 1082.4 2601.3 208.6 313.0 417.8 630.0 848.8 1080.8 2727 2829
Vˆ 0.00125 0.04975 0.00101 0.00102 0.00104 0.00109 0.00115 0.00125 0.0588 0.0665
60 Hˆ 1213.7 2785.0 214.4 318.7 423.5 635.6 854.2 1085.8 2885 3046
(275.6) Uˆ 1205.8 2590.4 208.3 312.6 417.3 629.1 847.3 1078.3 2668 2792
Vˆ 0.00132 0.0325 0.00101 0.00103 0.00104 0.00109 0.00115 0.00125 0.0361 0.0422
80 Hˆ 1317.1 2759.9 216.1 320.3 425.0 636.8 855.1 1085.8 2787 2990
(295.0) Uˆ 1306.0 2571.7 208.1 312.3 416.7 628.2 845.9 1075.8 2593 2750
Vˆ 0.00139 0.0235 0.00101 0.00102 0.00104 0.00109 0.00115 0.00124 0.0243 0.0299
100 Hˆ 1408.0 2727.7 217.8 322.9 426.5 638.1 855.9 1085.8 1343.4 2926
(311.0) Uˆ 1393.5 2547.3 207.8 311.7 416.1 627.3 844.4 1073.4 1329.4 2702
Vˆ 0.00145 0.0181 0.00101 0.00102 0.00104 0.00109 0.00115 0.00124 0.00140 0.0224
150 Hˆ 1611.0 2615.0 222.1 326.0 430.3 641.3 858.1 1086.2 1338.2 2695
(342.1) Uˆ 1586.1 2459.9 207.0 310.7 414.7 625.0 841.0 1067.7 1317.6 2523
Vˆ 0.00166 0.0103 0.00101 0.00102 0.00104 0.00108 0.00114 0.00123 0.00138 0.0115
200 Hˆ 1826.5 2418.4 226.4 330.0 434.0 644.5 860.4 1086.7 1334.3 1647.1
(365.7) Uˆ 1785.7 2300.8 206.3 309.7 413.2 622.9 837.7 1062.2 1307.1 1613.7
Vˆ 0.00204 0.005875 0.00100 0.00102 0.00103 0.00108 0.00114 0.00122 0.00136 0.00167
221.2( Pc ) Hˆ 2108 2108 228.2 331.7 435.7 645.8 861.4 1087.0 1332.8 1635.5
(374.15)(T c ) Uˆ 2037.8 2037.8 206.0 309.2 412.8 622.0 836.3 1060.0 1302.9 1600.3
Vˆ 0.00317 0.00317 0.00100 0.00102 0.00103 0.00108 0.00114 0.00122 0.00135 0.00163
250 Hˆ — — 230.7 334.0 437.8 647.7 862.8 1087.5 1331.1 1625.0
(—) Uˆ — — 205.7 308.7 412.1 620.8 834.4 1057.0 1297.5 1585.0
Vˆ — — 0.00100 0.00101 0.00103 0.00108 0.00113 0.00122 0.00135 0.00160
300 Hˆ — — 235.0 338.1 441.6 650.9 865.2 1088.4 1328.7 1609.9
(—) Uˆ — — 205.0 307.7 410.8 618.7 831.3 1052.1 1288.7 1563.3
Vˆ — — 0.0009990 0.00101 0.00103 0.00107 0.00113 0.00121 0.00133 0.00155
500 Hˆ — — 251.9 354.2 456.8 664.1 875.4 1093.6 1323.7 1576.3
(—) Uˆ — — 202.4 304.0 405.8 611.0 819.7 1034.3 1259.3 1504.1
Vˆ — — 0.0009911 0.00100 0.00102 0.00106 0.00111 0.00119 0.00129 0.00144
1000 Hˆ — — 293.9 394.3 495.1 698.0 903.5 1113.0 1328.7 1550.5
(—) Uˆ — — 196.5 295.7 395.1 594.4 795.3 999.0 1207.1 1419.0
Vˆ — — 0.0009737 0.0009852 0.001000 0.00104 0.00108 0.00114 0.00122 0.00131

a
Adapted from R. W. Haywood, Thermodynamic Tables in SI (Metric) Units, Cambridge University Press, London, 1968.
Water is a liquid in the enclosed region between 50!C and 350!C. Hˆ $ specific enthalpy (kJ/kg), Uˆ $ specific internal energy
(kJ/kg), Vˆ $ specific volume (m3 /kg). Note: kJ/kg & 0.4303 $ Btu/lbm .
(continued )
 Physical Property Tables 651

Table B.7 (Continued)

P(bar) Temperature (!C)
(T sat. !C) 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
0.0 Hˆ 3280 3384 3497 3597 3706 3816 3929 4043
(—) Uˆ 2969 3050 3132 3217 3303 3390 3480 3591
Vˆ — — — — — — — —
0.1 Hˆ 3280 3384 3489 3596 3706 3816 3929 4043
(45.8) Uˆ 2969 3050 3132 3217 3303 3390 3480 3571
Vˆ 21.1 33.3 35.7 38.0 40.3 42.6 44.8 47.2
0.5 Hˆ 3279 3383 3489 3596 3705 3816 3929 4043
(81.3) Uˆ 2969 3049 3132 3216 3302 3390 3480 3571
Vˆ 6.21 6.67 7.14 7.58 8.06 8.55 9.01 9.43
1.0 Hˆ 3278 3382 3488 3596 3705 3816 3928 4042
(99.6) Uˆ 2968 3049 3132 3216 3302 3390 3479 3570
Vˆ 3.11 3.33 3.57 3.80 4.03 4.26 4.48 4.72
5.0 Hˆ 3272 3379 3484 3592 3702 3813 3926 4040
(151.8) Uˆ 2964 3045 3128 3213 3300 3388 3477 3569
Vˆ 0.617 0.664 0.711 0.758 0.804 0.850 0.897 0.943
10 Hˆ 3264 3371 3478 3587 3697 3809 3923 4038
(179.9) Uˆ 2958 3041 3124 3210 3296 3385 3475 3567
Vˆ 0.307 0.330 0.353 0.377 0.402 0.424 0.448 0.472
20 Hˆ 3249 3358 3467 3578 3689 3802 3916 4032
(212.4) Uˆ 2946 3031 3115 3202 3290 3379 3470 3562
Vˆ 0.151 0.163 0.175 0.188 0.200 0.211 0.223 0.235
40 Hˆ 3216 3331 3445 3559 3673 3788 3904 4021
(250.3) Uˆ 2922 3011 3100 3188 3278 3368 3460 3554
Vˆ 0.0734 0.0799 0.0864 0.0926 0.0987 0.105 0.111 0.117
60 Hˆ 3180 3303 3422 3539 3657 3774 3892 4011
(275.6) Uˆ 2896 2991 3083 3174 3265 3357 3451 3545
Vˆ 0.0474 0.0521 0.0566 0.0609 0.0652 0.0693 0.0735 0.0776
80 Hˆ 3142 3274 3399 3520 3640 3759 3879 4000
(295.0) Uˆ 2867 2969 3065 3159 3252 3346 3441 3537
Vˆ 0.0344 0.0382 0.0417 0.0450 0.0483 0.0515 0.0547 0.0578
100 Hˆ 3100 3244 3375 3500 3623 3745 3867 3989
(311.0) Uˆ 2836 2946 3047 3144 3240 3335 3431 3528
Vˆ 0.0264 0.0298 0.0328 0.0356 0.0383 0.0410 0.0435 0.0461
150 Hˆ 2975 3160 3311 3448 3580 3708 3835 3962
(342.1) Uˆ 2744 2883 2999 3105 3207 3307 3407 3507
Vˆ 0.0157 0.0185 0.0208 0.0229 0.0249 0.0267 0.0286 0.0304
200 Hˆ 2820 3064 3241 3394 3536 3671 3804 3935
(365.7) Uˆ 2622 2810 2946 3063 3172 3278 3382 3485
Vˆ 0.009950 0.0127 0.0148 0.0166 0.0182 0.197 0.211 0.0225
221.2( Pc ) Hˆ 2733 3020 3210 3370 3516 3655 3790 3923
(374.15)(T c ) Uˆ 2553 2776 2922 3045 3157 3265 3371 3476
Vˆ 0.008157 0.0110 0.0130 0.0147 0.0162 0.0176 0.0190 0.0202
250 Hˆ 2582 2954 3166 3337 3490 3633 3772 3908
(—) Uˆ 2432 2725 2888 3019 3137 3248 3356 3463
Vˆ 0.006013 0.009174 0.0111 0.0127 0.0141 0.0143 0.0166 0.0178
300 Hˆ 2162 2826 3085 3277 3443 3595 3740 3880
(—) Uˆ 2077 2623 2825 2972 3100 3218 3330 3441
Vˆ 0.002830 0.006734 0.008680 0.0102 0.0114 0.0126 0.0136 0.0147
500 Hˆ 1878 2293 2723 3021 3248 3439 3610 3771
(—) Uˆ 1791 2169 2529 2765 2946 3091 3224 3350
Vˆ 0.001726 0.002491 0.003882 0.005112 0.006112 0.007000 0.007722 0.008418
1000 Hˆ 1798 2051 2316 2594 2857 3105 3324 3526
(—) Uˆ 1653 1888 2127 2369 2591 2795 2971 3131
Vˆ 0.001446 0.001628 0.001893 0.002246 0.002668 0.003106 0.003536 0.003953
652 Appendix B

Table B.8 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: SI Units

Hˆ (kJ/mol)
Reference state: Gas, Pref $ 1 atm, T ref $ 25!C

T Air O2 N2 H2 CO CO2 H2 O

0 "0.72 "0.73 "0.73 "0.72 "0.73 "0.92 "0.84

25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
100 2.19 2.24 2.19 2.16 2.19 2.90 2.54
200 5.15 5.31 5.13 5.06 5.16 7.08 6.01
300 8.17 8.47 8.12 7.96 8.17 11.58 9.57
400 11.24 11.72 11.15 10.89 11.25 16.35 13.23
500 14.37 15.03 14.24 13.83 14.38 21.34 17.01
600 17.55 18.41 17.39 16.81 17.57 26.53 20.91
700 20.80 21.86 20.59 19.81 20.82 31.88 24.92
800 24.10 25.35 23.86 22.85 24.13 37.36 29.05
900 27.46 28.89 27.19 25.93 27.49 42.94 33.32
1000 30.86 32.47 30.56 29.04 30.91 48.60 37.69
1100 34.31 36.07 33.99 32.19 34.37 54.33 42.18
1200 37.81 39.70 37.46 35.39 37.87 60.14 46.78
1300 41.34 43.38 40.97 38.62 41.40 65.98 51.47
1400 44.89 47.07 44.51 41.90 44.95 71.89 56.25
1500 48.45 50.77 48.06 45.22 48.51 77.84 61.09

Table B.9 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases:

American Engineering Units

Hˆ (Btu/lb-mole)
Reference state: Gas, Pref $ 1 atm, T ref $ 77!F

T Air O2 N2 H2 CO CO2 H2 O

32 "312 "315 "312 "310 "312 "394 "361

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 160 162 160 159 160 206 185
200 858 875 857 848 859 1132 996
300 1563 1602 1558 1539 1564 2108 1818
400 2275 2342 2265 2231 2276 3129 2652
500 2993 3094 2976 2925 2994 4192 3499
600 3719 3858 3694 3621 3720 5293 4359
700 4451 4633 4418 4319 4454 6429 5233
800 5192 5418 5150 5021 5195 7599 6122
900 5940 6212 5889 5725 5945 8790 7025
1000 6695 7015 6635 6433 6702 10015 7944
1100 7459 7826 7399 7145 7467 11263 8880
1200 8230 8645 8151 7861 8239 12533 9831
1300 9010 9471 8922 8581 9021 13820 10799
1400 9797 10304 9699 9306 9809 15122 11783
1500 10590 11142 10485 10035 10606 16436 12783
1600 11392 11988 11278 10769 11409 17773 13798
1700 12200 12836 12080 11509 12220 19119 14831
1800 13016 13691 12888 12254 13036 20469 15877
1900 13837 14551 13702 13003 13858 21840 16941
2000 14663 15415 14524 13759 14688 23211 18019
 Physical Property Tables 653

Table B.10 Atomic Heat Capacities

for Kopp’s Rulea

C pa [J/(g-atom%!C)]

Element Solids Liquids

C 7.5 12
H 9.6 18
B 11 20
Si 16 24
O 17 25
F 21 29
P 23 31
S 26 31
All Others 26 33
a
D. M. Himmelblau, Basic Principles and
Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 3rd
Edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
NJ, 1974, p. 270.

Table B.11 Integral Heats of Solution and Mixing at 25!C

(!Hˆ s )HCl(g) (!Hˆ s )NaOH(s) (!Hˆ m )H2 SO4

r(mol H2 O/mol solute) kJ/mol HCl kJ/mol NaOH kJ/mol H2 SO4

0.5 — — "15.73
1 "26.22 — "28.07
1.5 — — "36.90
2 "48.82 — "41.92
3 "56.85 "28.87 "48.99
4 "61.20 "34.43 "54.06
5 "64.05 "37.74 "58.03
10 "69.49 "42.51 "67.03
20 "71.78 "42.84 —
25 — — "72.30
30 "72.59 "42.72 —
40 "73.00 "42.59 —
50 "73.26 "42.51 "73.34
100 "73.85 "42.34 "73.97
200 "74.20 "42.26 —
500 "74.52 "42.38 "76.73
1 000 "74.68 "42.47 "78.57
2 000 "74.82 "42.55 —
5 000 "74.93 "42.68 "84.43
10 000 "74.99 "42.72 "87.07
50 000 "75.08 "42.80 —
100 000 "75.10 — "93.64
500 000 — — "95.31
' "75.14 "42.89 "96.19
a
From J. C. Whitwell and R. K. Toner, Conservation of Mass and Energy, pp. 344–346.
Copyright # 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill.