Instructions to Candidates

(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Write the name of your school and sign in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
(d) This paper consists of 12 printed pages.
(e) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
(f) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 TOTAL
SCORE

Page 1 of 11
1. Name the characteristic of living organisms illustrated by dressing heavily in human
beings. (1mark)
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2. Name the kingdom to which the following organisms belong. (4marks)
(i) Mushroom.
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(ii) Nitrogen fixing bacteria
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(iii) Tortoise
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(iv) Spirogyra.
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3. Define the term species. (1mark)
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4. Name the branch of biology involved with the study of
a) External structure of living organisms. (1mark)
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b) Inheritance and variation. (1mark)

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c) Study of chemical reactions in the body of living organisms. (1mark)
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5. Name the cell organelle where
i) Ribosomes are made. (1mark)
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ii) Energy is produced . (1mark)
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6. a) Using a microscope, a student counted 55 cells across a field of view whose diameter
was 6000µm.Show the formular and then calculate the average length of one cell.
(Show your working). (3marks)

b) State the function of the following parts of a light microscope

i) Objective lens. (1mark)
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ii) Diaphragm. (1mark)
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7. State how the root hair cell is adapted to its function. (3marks)
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8. The structure below was obtained from an animal.

a) What is the name of the hair like processes and state its function? (2marks)
Name-

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Function-
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b) From which parts of the mammalian body are these structures found? (1mark)
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c) State the effect of cigarette smoking to the structure? (1mark)
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9. The number of stomata on the lower and upper surface of two leaves form plant X and
Y were counted under the field of view of a light microscope. The results were show
below.
Number of stomata
Leaf Upper surface Lower surface
X 4 12
Y 20 23

a) Which of the leaves would be expected to have lower rate of transpiration. (1mark)
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b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1mark)
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c) Name the instrument used to measure the rate of transpiration. (1mark)
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10. (a) What is osmosis. (1mark)
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(b) Study the figure below and answer the questions that follows.

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 (i) Which solution is hypotonic. (1mark)
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(ii) In which direction will osmosis occur. (1mark)]
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(iii) What does the semipermeable membrane correspond to in an animal cell?
(1mark)
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(iv) Name three roles of osmosis in plants. (2marks)
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11. (a) What is the importance of nutrition in living organisms. (1mark)

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(b)Differentiate between autotrophism and heterotrophism. (2marks)

Autotrophism: Heterotrophism:

(c)Write the general equation to represent the process of photosynthesis. (1 mark)

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12. Name the vitamin /mineral ions you would recommend for patients with the following
symptoms. (4marks)
(a) Poor eye sight.
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(b) Bleeding gums
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(c) Excessive bleeding after a slight injury
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(d) Low haemoglobin level.
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13. Study the teeth below and answer the questions that follow.

Name the teeth C, D and E and state their functions. (6marks)

Teeth Name of the tooth Function

C

14. The set-up below was used to investigate a certain aspect of photosynthesis. The plant
was kept in the dark for 48 hours then exposed to light for 8 hours.

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 (a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mark)
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(b) Why was the plant: (2marks)
(i) Kept in the dark for 48 hours.
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(ii) Exposed to light for 8 hours.
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(c) A certain test was carried out on one of the leaves at the end of the experiment.
(i) Name the test that was carried out and the reagent that was used.
(2marks)
Test

Reagent

(d) State and explain the expected observation when the test in (c) was carried out.
(3marks)
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15. (a)State three roles of saliva during digestion. (3marks)

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 (b) Name three glands that produces saliva. (3marks)
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16. State three structural differences between arteries and veins. (3marks)
Arteries veins

17. Below are diseases of the transport system. The diseases have not been matched with
the correct description.
Disease Description
1.Thrombosis A. High blood pressure.

2. Hypertension. B. formation of a clot in the blood vessel.

3. Arteriosclerosis: C. These are enlarged veins and their
branches found near the surfaces of the
skin in the lower part of the leg
4. Varicose veins: D. This is hardening of the arteries

Chose the letter that best describes disorders 1, 2 and 3. (3marks)

1–
2–
3–

18. The diagram below shows the site where exchange of substances takes place in the
mammalian circulation.

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a) Name the vessels labelled S and Q (2marks)
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b) Name the fluid labelled P and state its importance. (2marks)
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c) Name the:
i) Two respiratory substances that moves out of the capillaries. (2marks)
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ii) Two Respiratory end products that are removed from tissue cells. (2marks)
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d) Name the blood cells that may be found in the fluid labelled P. (1mark)
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e) Name components of blood that are not found in the fluid labelled P. (1mark)
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Page 9 of 11
19. State one way in which aerenchyma tissues in aquatic plants are adapted to their
function. (1mark)
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20. (i) Name the gaseous exchange surface in insects. (1mark)

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(ii) State three ways the surface named in (a) above is suited to its function.
(3marks)
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21. (a) Describe the photosynthetic theory of opening of the stomata. (10marks)
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(b) Describe the mechanism of inhalation in mammals. (10marks)

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