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Experiment 2 _ Properties of Acids and Bases Class x

The document outlines an experiment for Class X students to study the properties of acids and bases using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). It details the reactions of these substances with litmus solutions, zinc metal, and sodium carbonate, along with observations and inferences from each reaction. Precautions for conducting the experiments safely are also provided.

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23 views

Experiment 2 _ Properties of Acids and Bases Class x

The document outlines an experiment for Class X students to study the properties of acids and bases using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). It details the reactions of these substances with litmus solutions, zinc metal, and sodium carbonate, along with observations and inferences from each reaction. Precautions for conducting the experiments safely are also provided.

Uploaded by

thakur09876543321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL NO- 2, ROORKEE

CH- 2 (ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS)


CLASS – X (SCIENCE) (CHEMISTRY)

EXPERIMENT-2:- To study the properties of acids and bases (Dilute HCl and
Dilute NaOH) on the basis of their reaction with:-
a. Litmus solution (Blue / Red)
b. Zinc Metal
c. Solid Sodium Carbonate

Aim:-
To study the properties of acids and bases (dilute HCl and dilute NaOH) by
their reaction with:-
(a) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
(b) Zinc metal
(c) Solid sodium carbonate

Theory:-

Hydrochloric acid
> Chemical formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl.
> When it is dissolved in water; releases H+(aq) ions, these H+ ions cannot
exist alone. Hence, it combines with water to form H3O+ (aq) ions.

> The acidic property is seen due to this H+ (aq) ions/H3O+ ions.

Properties of hydrochloric acid

> It turns blue litmus solution red.


> Hydrochloric acid reacts with metals to release hydrogen gas.

> Test for H2 gas: When a burning splinter is brought near the mouth of test
tube releasing H2 gas, it bums with a ‘pop sound’.
> Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to release CO2 gas.

> Test for CO2 gas: When CO2 gas is allowed to pass through freshly prepared
lime water, then the lime water turns milky or when a burning splinter is
brought near the mouth of the test tube releasing CO2 gas then the burning
splinter extinguishes.
Sodium hydroxide

Properties of Sodium hydroxide:-

> It turns red litmus solution blue.


> Not all bases react with zinc metal to release H2 gas but sodium hydroxide
solution reacts with zinc metal to release hydrogen gas.

> Sodium hydroxide does not react with solid sodium carbonate.
> Chemical formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH.
> When it is dissolved in water releases OH– ions.

Materials Required:-

A test tube stand, test tubes, match box, test tube holder, droppers, a bent
delivery tube, burner and cork.

Chemicals required: -

Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sodium hydroxide, blue litmus solution, red
litmus solution, zinc metal granules or powdered zinc, solid sodium carbonate
and freshly prepared lime water.

Procedure:-

(A) Properties of Hydrochloric Acid

S.NO Experiment Observation Inference

1. Litmus Test Blue litmus solution turns Dil. HCl shows acidic
Take two clean test tubes. Pour 1 red in first test tube. character.
mL of dilute HCl solution in each
test tube. Pour a drop of blue Red litmus solution shows
litmus in one test tube and a no change in second test
drop of red litmus solution in the tube.
second test tube.

2. Reaction with Zinc Metal Zinc metal reacts with the Zinc + dil. HCl →
Take 1 mL of dilute HCl in a clean acid. Test tube becomes Zinc chloride + Hydrogen
test tube. Add a small piece of warm and pressure is gas
zinc metal/ zinc powder in it. exerted on thumb due to Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) →
Light a matchstick and bring it release of a gas. ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
near the mouth of the test tube, The matchstick bums with a Hydrogen gas always
remove the thumb and observe. pop sound. bums with a pop sound
when lighted matchstick
is introduced in it.

3. Reaction with Sodium Carbonate Dilute HCl reacts with (i) Na2CO3 + 2HCl →
Take a clean test tube. Add 2 mL sodium carbonate to release 2NaCl + H20 + CO2
of dilute HCl. Now add 1g/pinch a colourless gas. The gas (ii)Ca(OH)2+CO2 →
of sodium carbonate in it. turns lime water milky. Lime waterCaCO3 +H2O
Immediately close the mouth White insoluble ppt
with cork containing delivery
tube. Hold a test tube with lime
water at the other end of the
delivery tube
(B) Properties of Sodium Hydroxide

S.NO Experiment Observation Inference

1. Litmus Test Blue litmus solution shows Dil. NaOH shows basic
Take two clean test tubes. Pour 1 character.
mL of dilute NaOH in each test no change.
tube. Add a drop of blue litmus
solution in one test tube and a
drop of red litmus solution in the
second test tube. Red litmus solution changes
to blue colour

2. Reaction with Zinc Metal On heating the mixture; Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq)


Take a clean test tube. Add zinc
metal granules/zinc powder in it. reaction begins, colourless Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2(g)
Pour 2 mL of NaOH solution in
the tube. Hold the test tube with gas is evolved. The burning Hydrogen gas always
a test tube holder and heat it. burns with a pop sound.
Bring a burning matchstick near matchstick bums with a
the mouth of the test tube.
‘pop’ sound.

3. Reaction with Solid Sodium No change. Dil. NaOH doesn’t react


Carbonate with sodium carbonate
Take a clean test tube. Add 2 mL
of NaOH solution in a tube and 1
g of sodium carbonate. Heat the
mixture.

Precaution:-

1. Use clean test tubes.


2. Use very small amount of chemicals.
3. Handle hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions very carefully.
4. Shake the solutions and reaction mixtures carefully without spilling.
5. Always carry out the test for hydrogen with a very small volume of gas.
6. For H2 gas test, be careful as H2 catches fire. The flame on test tube can
be seen due to H2 gas.
7. For lime water test, allow the CO2 gas to pass through lime water and
shake the test tube by placing thumb on the mouth of the tube to get quick
result.

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