Recall from last class

• Machine level language

• Assembly language
• Higher level language
• How do we do coding in our Lab?
• Login with login names & passwords
• Edit C program
• Compile the program
• Execute the program
 Puzzle
Three students wanted to find out who was the
wisest among them. So they turned to their
grand master, asking to resolve their dispute.
“Easy” the old sage said. “I will blind fold you
and paint either red or blue dot on each of your
forehead. When I take your blindfolds off, if you
see at least one red dot, raise your hand. The
one who guesses the color of the dot on his/her
own forehead first, is the wisest.”
The master blindfolded all and painted red dots
on their forehead. When he took their blindfolds
off, all three men raised their hands, and sat in
silence for some time, thinking.
Finally one of them said. “ I have a red dot on
my forehead.” How did he guess?
 C program to print “ C is a nice
programming language.”
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“C is a nice programming language”);
}
• stdio.h is a standard library file written by the
developers of C language which helps in
printing the statement
Standards followed in writing a program
• Commenting (documenting) a program
• You write who has written the program, what the program does etc.

/*Author of the program : Subhasree M.

This program prints a one line sentence */
#include <stdio.h> // includes standard input output header file
main()
{
// printf statement prints the line
printf(“C is a nice programming language”);
}

• Indentations (spacing) : after curly braces, put a space which

specifies these statements are inside the curly braces.
• Indentations makes the program more readable
• The ; terminates each statement in a C program
 After writing the program (editing),
what did we do?
• We saved our program either by pressing
ctrl s(both the keys together) or pressing the
save button on the Graphical User
Interface(GUI) available on our monitor
• Why do we save our program?
• Otherwise when you switch off, the program
also vanishes from the computer, when it is
stored in RAM(volatile memory)
 How does the program gets saved?
• Memory of a computer is organized as
consecutive locations
• Each location has an address associated with it

• Operating system takes care of how to allocate

the memory using a memory management
system & saves the program
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“C is a nice programming language”);
}
• How many functions are there in the above program?
• main() – important function in any C program where
the execution of the program starts, wherever you ave
written the function main
• main is the name of the function
• Inside the (), the arguments of the function is written
• printf is the next function
• Inside the (), the arguments of printf function is written
 C program to print two lines
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“C is a nice programming language\n”);
printf(“I like coding in C”);
}
• \n specifies new line.
• Whatever is put inside the quotes other than the format
specifiers are printed a such
• After printing C is a nice programming language, the cursor
goes to the next line and then prints I like coding in C
 C program to print one line with
spaces in between
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“Basic \t Fortran \t Java ”);
}
• \t is tab space
• Write C program to print three statements with
spaces in different lines with one blank line in
between ?
 Problem: Sum of two numbers
• Problem analysis – (Input, Output)
• P = {((2,3),5), ((-1,2), 1), ((-10,-2),-13),
((0,2), 2),…}
• Steps to solve the problem
-Two numbers
-Add them
-Print the sum
How do we give/specify two numbers ?
• There are two ways:
- 1st : Give the numbers in the program itself
- 2nd: Give the numbers as input from the user
• How does the compiler identifies between a number
and a statement like “C is a nice programming
language”
• We have to specify the type of the number
• How many types of numbers are there?
• Numbers with out decimal points (integers), numbers
with decimal points (floating point numbers)
• Eg: 1, 0, -23 are integers
• Eg: 222.30, 34.0 , -267.8 are floating point numbers
How do we tell the computer that our
number is an integer
• Declare the number as an integer data type
- int a; // int is a data type
• what happens when we declare int a;
• A memory location is created with integer as
data type
• Initialize the data
• a= 20; // Memory location is filled with the
value 20
 C program to sum two numbers
//program to obtain sum of two numbers
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,z; //declaration of three variables as integers
x=12; y=4;// initilaization of x and y
z= x+y; /*x & y are known as operands , + is an
operator*/
printf(“Sum of two numbers is %d”,z); /* %d or %i is the
format specifier for an integer data type. %d is
associated with the variable after quotes (eg: z in this
case) */
}
 Problems
• How do we change the previous program:
- If we want to use only two variables x & y
- If we want to obtain the output as sum of
two numbers 12 and 4 is 16
• Write a C program to swap two numbers:
Input : a=20, b= 30 Output: a=30, b=20
- with using a temporary variable
- 2 methods without using temporary variable
 The Linux GCC Compiler

We will be using the Linux GCC Compiler (For

exams too)
Screen shot- Login page
Screen shot - Asking password
Screen shot- You are logged in
 Steps for doing coding
• Make a directory with your own name : Right
click on the mouse, select Create New Folder
option and put your roll number as the name
of the directory
• You have to put all your C programs inside that
directory
• Open terminal : Press Ctrl, Alt, T (all three keys
together)
Screenshot- Opened a terminal
 On the terminal
• Change to your directory : cd Desktop/Your
directory name
• Open an editor with file name print.c: gedit
print.c (Here print.c is the file where you
write your C program)
• Compile your program : gcc print.c
• Execute your program : ./a.out
 Steps for coding in lab
• Make a directory with your own name : Right
click on the mouse, select Create New Folder
option and put your roll number as the name of
the directory
• Please make sure that you place all your C
programs inside that directory, in different folders
like Assignment1, Assignment2 etc., so that it is
easy for you and your evaluators to refer.
• Make sure that you write your file name as
assignment1_Q1.c (a1_q1.c or
a1_q1a.c,a1_q1b.c, a2_q1a.c etc) , so that it is
easy for you and your evaluators to refer.
 Steps for coding in lab – contd.
• Open terminal : Press Ctrl Alt T (all three keys
together)
• Change to your directory : cd Desktop/Your
directory name
• Open an editor with file name a1_q1.c: gedit
a1_q1.c (Here a1_q1.c is the file where you write
your C program)
• Compile your program : gcc a1_q1.c
• An executable file is created with the name a.out
• Execute your program : ./a.out
 Happy coding

Thank You