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Week 02-Determinate Beams

The document outlines the concepts of determinate beams in structural analysis, focusing on sign conventions for axial force, shear force, and bending moment. It details the procedures for calculating shear and moment functions, constructing shear and bending moment diagrams, and provides various examples for simply supported, cantilever, and overhanging beams. Additionally, it mentions an upcoming quiz in the first class next week.

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5 views

Week 02-Determinate Beams

The document outlines the concepts of determinate beams in structural analysis, focusing on sign conventions for axial force, shear force, and bending moment. It details the procedures for calculating shear and moment functions, constructing shear and bending moment diagrams, and provides various examples for simply supported, cantilever, and overhanging beams. Additionally, it mentions an upcoming quiz in the first class next week.

Uploaded by

Faheem dad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE215

Structural Analysis
Dr. Muhammad Fahim
[email protected]
Week 02
Determinate Beams
Contents
1. Sign convention for bending moment, shear and axial force
2. Shear and moment functions
3. Shear and bending moment diagrams for beams
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
5. Examples: Overhanging Beams
6. Examples: Cantilever Beams
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinge(s)
CLO 03: Apply the equilibrium equations to calculate support reactions and
member forces in simple determinate structures, construct shear force and
bending moment diagram and elastic deflected curve.
1. Sign Convention
1. Sign Convention
Statics Sign Convention
• Used to find reactions
• Choose any directions as positive but they should be used consistently while
writing equilibrium equations
Example: Find reactions by first taking clockwise moment as positive and then
anticlockwise as positive.
1. Sign Convention
Element Sign Convention
• Stress on a positive face and in the positive axis direction is positive.
• Stress on a negative face and in the negative axis direction is positive.
1. Sign Convention
Deformation Sign Convention
• On the left-hand face of the cut member the normal force N acts to the right, the internal
shear force V acts downward, and the moment M acts counterclockwise.
• In accordance with Newton’s third law, an equal but opposite normal force, shear force,
and bending moment must act on the right-hand face of the member at the section.
1. Sign Convention
Deformation Sign Convention
• Positive normal force tends to elongate the segment, positive shear tends to
rotate the segment clockwise, and positive bending moment tends to bend the
segment concave upward, so as to “hold water,”.
2. Shear and Moment Functions
2. Shear and Moment Functions
• In general, the internal shear and moment functions will be discontinuous, or
their slope will be discontinuous, at points where the type or magnitude of
the distributed load changes or where concentrated forces or couple
moments are applied.
• Because of this, shear and moment functions must be determined for each
region of the beam located between any two discontinuities of loading.
2. Shear and Moment Functions
Procedure
1. Determine the support reactions on the beam and resolve all the external forces into
components acting perpendicular and parallel to the beam’s axis.
2. Specify separate coordinates x and associated origins, extending into regions of the beam
between concentrated forces and/or couple moments, or where there is a discontinuity
of distributed loading.
3. Section the beam perpendicular to its axis at each distance x, and from the free-body
diagram of one of the segments determine the unknowns V and M at the cut section as
functions of x.
4. V is obtained from ∑Fy = 0 and M is obtained by summing moments about the point S
located at the cut section, ∑MS = 0.
2. Shear and Moment Functions
Example 01
• Determine the shear and moment in the beam shown in Fig. as a function of
x.
2. Shear and Moment Functions
Example 01
• First, find reactions and draw free body diagram.
2. Shear and Moment Functions
Example 02
• Determine the shear and moment in the beam shown in Fig. as a function of x.
2. Shear and Moment Functions
Example 02
• Find reactions:
2. Shear and Moment Functions
Example 02
• Find reactions:
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
Distributed Load
• Since the segment has been chosen at a point x along the beam that is not subjected to a
concentrated force or couple, any results obtained will not apply at points of concentrated
loading.
• Note that both the shear force and moment acting on the right face must be increased by a
small, finite amount in order to keep the segment in equilibrium.
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
Distributed Load
Consider a differential element:
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
Distributed Load

• The change in the shear between any two points on a beam equals the area
under the distributed loading diagram between the points.
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
Distributed Load

• The change in the moment between the two points equals the area under the
shear diagram between the points.
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
Concentrated Load
• Consider the free-body diagrams of differential elements of the beam located
at concentrated Force.

• Thus, when F acts downward on the beam, ΔV is negative so that the shear
diagram shows a “jump” downward.
• Likewise, if F acts upward, the jump (ΔV) is upward.
3. Shear and Moment Diagrams
• Consider the free-body diagram of differential element of the beam located at
concentrated couple moments.

• In this case, if an external couple moment is applied clockwise, ΔM is positive, so that


the moment diagram jumps upward, and when acts counterclockwise, the jump (ΔM )
must be downward.
4. Examples: Simply Supported
Beams
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 01
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 02
• Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam in Fig.
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 02
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 03
• Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown in Fig.
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 03
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 04
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 05
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 06
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 07
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 08
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 09
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 10
4. Examples: Simply Supported Beams
Example 11
5. Examples: Cantilever Beams
5. Examples: Cantilever Beams
Example 12
5. Examples: Cantilever Beams
Example 13
5. Examples: Cantilever Beams
Example 14
5. Examples: Cantilever Beams
Example 15
6. Examples: Overhanging
Beams
6. Examples: Overhanging Beams
Example 16
6. Examples: Overhanging Beams
Example 17
7. Beams with Internal Hinges
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinges
Example 18
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the compound beam shown in Fig. 4–
16a. Assume the supports at A and C are rollers and B and E are pin
connections.
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinges
Example 18
Once the beam segments are disconnected from the pin at B, the support
reactions can be calculated as shown in Fig.
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinges
Example 18
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinges
Example 19
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinges
Example 20
7. Examples: Beams with Internal Hinges
Example 21
Summary
Sign Convention for Axial force, shear force, and bending moment.
Shear and moment functions
Shear and bending moment diagrams.

Announcement: Quiz 01 in first class next week.


The End

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