REVIEWER IN SCIENCE 6

ORAL DEFENSE
Research - the process of solving problems and finding facts in an organized way
Oral Defense - a public presentation of the research presented to the students, teachers, and community.
What is the main purpose of Oral Defense?
 To defend the research work and answer questions from the panel.

PURE SUBSTANCE AND MIXTURES (pp. 27-29)

1. Pure Substance – has definite composition

(Examples: gold, iron, copper, oxygen)

Two Classifications of Pure Substance:

 Elements – made up of only one kind of atom
 Compound – composed of atoms of two or more elements

2. Mixtures – formed by combining different kinds of pure substances

(Examples: brass, air, vinegar)

CLASSIFYING MIXTURES (pp. 31-34)

Types of Mixtures:
 Homogeneous Mixtures – uniform mixture of two or more substances
 Heterogeneous Mixtures – non uniform mixture of two or more substances

Classifications of Mixtures:
1. Solution
-substances are not distinguishable from one another
-exist as a single distinct region or phase
-in a solution, the dissolved substance is called the solute
-the dissolving medium is called the solute
(Examples: brass, sugar dissolved in water, air)

2. Suspension
-the particles settle at the bottom of the container upon standing
-particles are scattered throughout the liquid
-components in a suspension exist as distinct regions or phases
(Examples: fresh lemon juice, oil and water)

3. Colloid
-properties are intermediate between a solution and a suspension
-substances neither separate from the mixture nor settle at the bottom of the container
-the solutes remain suspended and make the solvent cloudy
-the particles are evenly dispersed throughout another substance
-the particles are larger than in a solution, but smaller than in a suspension
(Examples: milk, blood, gelatin)

WAYS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES (pp. 43-51)

1. Mechanical Separation
-separating components of mixture using manual sorting
-by using hands to separate
-it separates the physical properties of the objects like, color, shape, and size
(Examples: mixed nuts, coins, basket of fruits)

2. Magnetic Separation
-uses magnet
-separates magnetic from nonmagnetic
(Examples: sulfur and iron fillings)
3. Filtration
-uses filter materials such as filter paper, fine screen, filtering cloth
-separates solid from liquid components
-the liquid that passes through the filter is called the filtrate
 -residue is the insoluble solid
(Examples: tea leaves from tea, sand and water, chalk powder and water)

4. Sieving
-sifting
-uses sieve or strainer
-separates finer particles from bigger particles
(Examples: soil, flour)

5. Evaporation
-heating or drying a salt solution
-heat transforms liquid to gas
(Examples: saltwater, vinegar)

6. Decantation
-separating the components of heterogeneous mixtures consisting of immiscible liquids such as
suspensions
-decant is the separated liquid
-precipitate are the solid particles left in the container
(Examples: oil and water, noodles and water, rice and water)

7. Distillation
-using vaporization and condensation
-separates liquid with different boiling points
(Examples: crude oil, perfume)

8. Paper Chromatography
-separates colored dyes and pigments
(Examples: essential oils, ink, food coloring)

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (pp. 63-66)

The integumentary system protects your body from outside harm and contains nerve cells that detects
changes in the environment. It also regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, and eliminates waste
products from the body.

PARTS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

1. Skin
-largest organ in the body
-covers the body from head to toe

Layers of the skin:

 Epidermis
-outer layer of the skin
-prevents water loss and protects the body from the UV rays of the sun.
-it has tiny holes called pores, where sweat comes through
-it produces melanin
-Melanin is responsible for the color of the skin
 Dermis
-middle layer of the skin
-contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands (oil glands)
-blood vessels carry the nutrients and oxygen that your skin needs
-nerve endings send messages to your brain
-sweat glands regulates body temperature
-sebaceous glands produce sebum that makes your skin lubricated
 Hypodermis
-body fats which cushion the muscles and bones
2. Hair
-protects the skin from heat, dust, and other environmental factors

3. Nail
-protects the tips of your fingers and toes

MUSCOLOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Functions:
-gives support to the body
 -protects internal organs
-allows movement
-stores minerals like calcium

Classifications of the Skeletal System:

 Axial Skeleton – includes the skull, spine, and ribs
 Appendicular Skeleton – consists of the bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, pelvis, thighs,
legs, and feet

Parts of the Skeletal System

1. Bone
-hard structures made up of living cells and minerals
-206 bones (adult), about 300 bones (kids)

2. Cartilage
-soft, elastic, and flexible connective tissue
-covers the surface of the joints
-serves as cushion to bones

3. Ligament
-connects one bon to another across a joint

4. Joints
-point of contact between bones

Types of joints:
 Fibrous – immovable
 Cartilaginous – slightly movable
 Synovial – freely movable

Types of Muscles
1. Smooth Muscles – found in the walls of the internal organs, such as, stomach, intestines, blood
vessels, and bladder.
2. Skeletal Muscles - responsible for skeletal movements
3. Cardiac Muscles – found in the walls of the heart

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Functions:
-communication system of the body
-controls how the body systems work and function

Two classifications of the Nervous System:

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
-intelligence, memory, behavior, and feelings
-composed of brain and spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

-provides sensory information to the CNS
-running, walking, and other forms of bodily movements
-includes the entire network of nerves in the body

Parts of the Nervous System:

BRAIN – controls everything in the body
1. Cerebrum
-largest part of the brain
-right hemisphere (creativity), left hemisphere (logic)
-memory, reasoning ability, perception, and recognition
2. Cerebellum
-balance, movement, and coordination
3. Brain Stem
-connects spinal cord to the brain
-breathing, digestion, circulation
 4. Pituitary Gland
-releases growth hormones
-controls growth rate, sugar levels, and metabolism
-hormones are substances that carry messages from the glands to the cells
5. Hypothalamus
-appetite, thirst, body temperature, and sleep
-controls the release of hormones from the pituitary glands
6. Thalamus
-receives information from the sensory nerves and relays information

SPINAL CORD
-messages travel through the spinal cord
-column of bones called vertebrae

NERVE CELLS
-neurons
-carry signals to and from the brain

Types of Neurons:
1. Sensory Neurons – carry signals from the different parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord
2. Motor Neurons – carry information from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles
3. Interneurons/Association Neurons – send messages through the brain and pass signals to motor
neurons

See page 89 on how neurons work

ACTIVITY 1:

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each statement carefully. Then choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on
your paper.

1. Which statement BEST describes Pure Substances?

a. Pure substances are a kind of matter that contains only one atom.
b. Pure substances are a kind of matter that is made up of atoms and can be broken down into pieces.
c. Pure substances are a kind of matter that is made up of one or two kinds of atom with uniform composition
and constant properties.
d. Pure substances are a kind of matter that is fixed in nature all throughout.

2. Which classification of element possess luster?

a. Metalloids c. Metal
b. Non-metal d. Magnetic

3. Jane would like to know whether the compound that she had is an acid or bases. She used a strips of litmus
paper to test the compound and it turn out that the strip of blue litmus paper changes to red. What kind of
compound is it?
a. Homogeneous c. Acids
b. Heterogeneous d. Bases

4. Why should you NOT drink Coca-Cola with an empty stomach?

a. It can upset the stomach. c. It will increase the acidity of the stomach.
b. It will affect your eating habits. d. It will affect the function of the stomach.

5. Elements is composed of only one kind of atom. Which of the following is NOT part of the group.
a. Carbon Dioxide c. Sodium
b. Nickel d. Oxygen

6. Elements is divided into three classifications. In which classification of element that is considered as semi-
conductors?
a. Metals c. Metalloids
b. Nonmetals d. Semi-metals

7. Which of the following substances is an example of base?

a. Lemon c. Milk
b. Baking soda d. Coffee
 8. Which of the following the chemical symbol for the compound water?
a. 2HO c. H2O
b. HO2 d. 2OH

9. Which statement BEST describes Mixture?

a. Mixture is one of the broad categories of Matter that is divided into two kinds.
b. Mixture is a combination of one or two substances in which each pure substances retain its individual
chemical properties.
c. Mixture is combining two or more substances during an experiment.
d. Mixture is a way to know the compositions of substances.

10. Which among the following is a mixture?

a. Vinegar c. Gold
b. Bleach d. Copper

II. STATEMENT VALIDITY. Analyze the written statement on each number. Choose the answer inside the box.

A- If X is correct and Y is wrong

B- If X is wrong and Y is correct
C- If X and Y is correct
D- If X and Y is wrong

11. X. If the PH level is below 7, it is considered as alkaline.

Y. If the PH level is over 7, it is an acid.

12. X. An Elements lose its own identity when combine to form a compound.
Y. An Elements can be broken down into simpler form.

13. X. Nonmetals is one of the classification of elements that is malleable and ductile.
Y. Nonmetals is one of the classification of elements that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.

14. X. Compound can be chemically separated.

Y. Elements cannot be separated.

15. X. Carbon is an example of non-metal element.

Y. Carbon possesses brittleness property.

III. ESSAY. Read and understand each question the write your answer on your answer sheet.

For numbers 16-17.

Some of the examples of compounds are strong acids that can cause harm to people such as hydrochloric acid.
In what you can help in spreading awareness on proper handling of some compounds that can be found at home?
Explain your answer briefly.

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For numbers 18-20.

Almost everything around us is a mixture. From the food that we eat, to the garbage that we throw. All of the
wasted food and materials contribute to the increasing number of garbage that can cause pollution. As a Grade 6
student, how will you show your care to the environment to reduce and prevent some environmental problems like
pollution? Give 3 ways.

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ACTIVITY 2
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each statement carefully. Then choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer on your paper.
1. Which refers to something that is formed when two or more substance combine?
a. Pure Substance c. Compound
b. Element d. Mixture
2. Which is an example of a mixture?
a. Salt c. Acetic Acid
b. Sugar d. Softdrinks
3. Jane would like to separate sulfur and iron fillings, what is the appropriate method will she use?
a. Filtration c. Physical Manipulation
b. Use of magnets d. Chromatography
4. Which statement BEST describes decantation?
a. Grandmother removes fats in sinigang.
b. Grandmother removes small rocks in milled rice.
c. Grandmother removes water of pasta using strainer.
d. Grandmother removes all the metal pins using magnets.

5. What method is applied in pharmaceutical industries and in the production of distilled water and
ethanol?
a. Decantation c. Physical Manipulation
b. Distillation d. Chromatography

6. Why can water be separated from inky water by simple distillation?

a. Ink does not mix with water.
b. Ink evaporates, leaving the water behind.
c. Water and ink have different boiling points.
d. Water evaporates, leaving the ink particles behind.

7. Which of these will not form a solution?

a. preparing syrup c. mixing cubes in water
b. preparing a cup of tea d. stirring a spoonful of sugar in water

8. An oil spill is one of the environmental problems that occur in the bodies of water. What kind of mixture
is formed when oil is mixed with water?
a. colloids c. solution
b. suspension d. saturated solution
9. Which is a solvent in a cup of coffee?
a. coffee c. sugar
b. creamer d. water
10. How will you separate mixed nuts into different components?
a. Use of magnets c. Sieving
b. Filtration d. Physical Manipulation

II. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and if false, change the underlined
word to make it correct.

____________ 11. A heterogenous mixture is not uniformly mixed.

____________ 12. Solutions are mixtures containing larger particles that settle out when left undisturbed.

____________ 13. In a solution, the dissolved substance is called the solute.

____________ 14. Distillation is a good way in separating dissolve substances that have different colors such

as inks and plant dyes.

____________ 15. Suspension is a homogenous mixture.

 III. STATEMENT VALIDITY. Analyze the written statement on each number. Choose the answer inside
the box.

E- If X is correct and Y is wrong

F- If X is wrong and Y is correct
G- If X and Y is correct
H- If X and Y is wrong

16. X. Sieving is used in separating metal and nonmetals.

Y. Sieving is a technique used in separating sulfur powder and iron fillings.
17. X. Distillation is used in industries in the production of distilled water.
Y. Distillation is used in separating oil and water components.
18. X. In filtration, sand can be separated from water.
Y. In filtration, we can use cloth or filter paper to separate mixtures.

IV. ESSAY. Read and analyze the situation and answer the question briefly.

19-20. Mixtures are all around us in everyday life. Explain the benefits of mixtures in the products we use, the
food we eat, and the environment. Provide specific examples to support your answer.
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ACTIVITY 3:
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each statement carefully. Then choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer on your paper.
1. Which muscle involve when you lift your bag?
a. Cardiac muscles
b. Smooth muscle
c. Skeletal muscle
d. Voluntary muscle
2. Which part of the human body does the cardiac muscles control?
a. Leg
b. Stomach
c. Heart
d. Intestines
3. Which of the following is the function of the skeletal system?
a. Grown and repair.
b. Support and protection.
c. Nutrition and waste removal.
d. Respiration and blood production
4. What part of the body where bones are joined together?
a. Muscles
b. Joints
c. Ligaments
d. Tendons
5. What do we call the joints found in the skull?
a. Pivot joint
b. Ball and socket joint
c. Immovable joint
d. Hinge joint
II. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write the word TRUE on the space provided if the statement is correct. If it is
not, CHANGE THE HIGHLIGHTED WORD/s to make the statement true.
6. The biceps and triceps are long muscles in the upper arm.
7. The hinge joint allows movement in all direction.
8. Eating foods rich in calcium is one way to keep our musculoskeletal system healthy.
 9. The less dense spongy bone inner layer which contains a jellylike yellowish substance is called
peristalsis.
10. The red bone marrow can be found in femur, pelvis and vertebral column.

III. IDENTIFICATION. Identify the disease and disorders of the integumentary and musculoskeletal system.
11. Crack in the bones or broken bone.
12. Overstretched or torn muscles.
13. Visible patches of rough and scaly skin.
14. Overexposure of the skin to the sun’s UV rays.
15. Decreased bone density caused by low calcium intakes.

IV. DO AS DIRECTED. Enumerate the layers of the skin and explain in 2-3 sentences the importance of
taking care of our integumentary system. (5 points)
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ACTIVITY 4

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each statement carefully. Then choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer on your paper.

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for creativity and logic?

a. Cerebellum b. Brain Stem c. Cerebrum d. Hypothalamus

2. The cerebellum is primarily responsible for:

a. Memory and perception
b. Balance and coordination
c. Hormone production
d. Relaying sensory information

3. Which gland controls growth rate and metabolism?

a. Hypothalamus b. Pituitary gland c. Thalamus d. Cerebrum

4. What part of the nervous system connects the brain and spinal cord?
a. Thalamus b. Pituitary gland c. Brain stem d. Cerebellum

5. What type of neuron carries signals from the brain to the muscles?
a. Sensory neuron b. Interneuron c. Motor neurond. Association neuron

II. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write the word TRUE on the space provided if the statement is correct. If it is
not, CHANGE THE HIGHLIGHTED WORD/s to make the statement true.

6. The thalamus controls body temperature, thirst, and appetite.

7. Neurons are the main cells of the nervous system that carry signals.
8. The brain stem is involved in memory and reasoning ability.
9. The pituitary gland releases hormones that regulate sugar levels.
10. Motor neurons carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord.

III. ENUMERATION. Give what is asked

11-13. Three main parts of the brain

_________________________, ___________________________, ___________________

14-15. Two types of neurons based on their direction of signal transmission

_________________________, ___________________________,

IV. ESSAY. Read and analyze the situation and answer the question briefly.

Explain the importance of the spinal cord in the nervous system and its relationship with the
brain.

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