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1.0 Complex Algebra

The document provides an overview of complex numbers, including their definitions and various forms such as exponential, polar, trigonometric, and rectangular. It outlines the conversion methods between these forms and describes mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of complex numbers. Additionally, it touches on the nth power and nth root of complex numbers.

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kentdarunday38
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2 views

1.0 Complex Algebra

The document provides an overview of complex numbers, including their definitions and various forms such as exponential, polar, trigonometric, and rectangular. It outlines the conversion methods between these forms and describes mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of complex numbers. Additionally, it touches on the nth power and nth root of complex numbers.

Uploaded by

kentdarunday38
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX ALGEBRA

Refer to power point presentation_COMPLEX NUMBERS

 Complex Numbers - used extensively to describe electric circuits and electromagnetic


waves.

i  1

1  i2 1  i4

 i  i3

Figure 1 The i-operator

j  1

 1j 2 1  j4

 j  j3

Figure 2 The j-operator


1. Exponential Form C e jϴ Ex. 10 e j0.927
Note: Angle in radians

2. Polar Form C /ϴ Ex. 10 /53.13o

3. Trigonometric Form C Cos ϴ + j CSinϴ Ex. 10 Cos 53.13o + j10 Sin 53.13o

4. Rectangular Form a + jb Ex. 6 + j 8

Hyperbolic Functions

Note: All angles should be expressed in radians

CONVERSION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

Illustrations:
Given complex numbers:

Complex Number Rectangular Form Polar Form Exponential Form

A = 6 + j8 10 /53.13o
B = 12 – j9 15 /-36.87o

C = j8 8 /90o

D = -j4 4 /-90o

1. Rectangular Form to Polar Form


Rectangular Form Polar Form
6 + j8 =

12 - j9 =

j8 =

- j4 =

2. Polar Form to Rectangular Form


Polar Form Rectangular Form
10 /53.13o
15 /-36.87o
8 /90o
4 /-90o

3. Polar Form to Exponential Form


Polar Form Exponential Form
10 /53.13o

15 /-36.87o

8 /90o

4 /-90o

4. Exponential Form to Polar Form


Exponential Form Polar Form

5. Rectangular Form to Exponential Form


- Convert rectangular form to polar form, then proceed from polar form to exponential
form

Rectangular form to polar form to exponential Form

Given:

6. Exponential Form to Rectangular Form


- Convert exponential form to polar form, then proceed from polar form to rectangular
form

Exponential form to polar form to rectangular form

Given:

MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

A. Geometric “Addition” and “Subtraction”


- Rule: Express all complex numbers in their rectangular forms and proceed with
addition or subtraction (combine all the real components, and also combine all the
imaginary components).
Given complex numbers:
Complex Number Rectangular Form Polar Form Exponential Form

A = 6 + j8 10 /53.13o
B = 12 – j9 15 /-36.87o

C = j8 8 /90o

D = -j4 4 /-90o

Find: (6+j8) + (15 /-36.87o) – ( ) + (4 /-90o)


Note: Express all complex in rectangular forms (Follow Rules)
= (6 + j8) + (12 - j9) – (j8) + (-j4)
= (6+12) + j(8 – 9 – 8 - 4)
= 18 - j13

B. Geometric “Multiplication” and “Division”


- Rule: All complex numbers should be expressed in their polar forms or may be in
their exponential forms.

Multiplication

Division

Find the product: (6+j8) (15 /-36.87o) ( )

Note: Express all complex numbers in polar forms (Follow Rules)


= (10 /53.13o ) (15 /-36.87o) (8 /90o)
=
=
Find the quotient:
Note: Express all complex numbers in polar forms (Follow Rules)

C. Power of Complex Numbers: nth-power and nth-root


- nth power:

Illustration No. 1

Illustration No. 2

- nth -root

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