1.

In nursery management, the frequency of watering affects the following, except:

a. possibility of dumping off
b. size and age of seedlings
c. soil texture and porosity d. application of fertilizer

2. Part of the seed which is primarily for food reservation needed during the process of
germination until it has developed roots to derive food from the soil.
a. Embryo
b. Cotyledon c. Endosperm

d. Seed coat

3. An instrument consisting of a bar calibrated with two arms perpendicular to a bar with one arm
fixed at zero point while the other is movable.
a. Biltmore stick
b. Calibrator
c. Tree Caliper
d. Haga Altimeter

4. What do you call the plant materials that contain a low proportion of nutrients per unit weight
but high in fiber and low in total digestible material?
a. Browse
b. Cogon
c. Roughage
d. Fodder

5. In nursery operations, there are several seed treatments that may be conducted to hasten
germination. Which of the following is NOT considered as treatment of seed before sowing?
a. Stratification b. Floatation
c. Scarification
ci. Nicking

6. It is a market situation where each of the few buyer exerts a disproportionate pressure of
influence in the market.
a. Oligopoly b. Oligopsony
c. Monopoly
ci. Pure competition
 7. This is a common weed invading rangelands which is poisonous to cattle. a. Hagonoy

b. Centrosema
c. Amorseco
d. Bagokbok

8. Grazing in forest lands limits to areas having a slope of:

a. 19% below b. 19%-49%
c. 50% and above
ci. All of the above

9. It refers to the accounting, analysis of forest investments as well as other monetary

considerations in timber production.
a. Forest valuation
b. Forest finance
c. Forest inventory d. Forest economics

10. What form of forest land and resources management is mainly concerned with the production
of optimal combinations of goods and services?
a. Sustainable forest management
b. Sustained yield management c. Multiple-use management

d. Ecosystem management

11. Given a discounted cost of Php 49,495 and a discounted return of Php 92,783, determine the
benefit cost ratio after 10 years.

a. 0.87

b. 1.87

c. 0.53

d. 5.3

12. In walking through a distance from Line A to B you made 55, 58, 56, 56 and 58 paces. What is
your pace factor if Line AB measures a distance of 50 meters?
a. 1.132 meters/pace
b. 1.0132 meters/pace c. 0.88 meters/pace
d. 0.088 meters/pace

13. If the small diameter is measured 40 cm while the big diameter is measured 55 cm, what are the
basal areas of the small and big diameter, respectively?
a. 0.1257 and 0.2376 square meters
b. 1.257 and 2.376 square meters
c. 12.57 and 23.76 square meters
d. 125.7 and 237.6 square meters

14. Given a map scale of 1:15,200, what is its equivalent in km/cm? a. 0.152 km/cm
b. 1.52 km/cm
c. 15.2 km/cm
d. 152 km/cm

15. Water erosion is caused by the movement of water on the soil surface. What do you call the
type of water erosion where soil particles are dislodged to a lower elevation due to the action of
raindrops hitting the soil surface?
a. Sheet erosion b. Splash erosion
c. Rill erosion
ci. Gully erosion

16. Foresters are getting engaged in beautification programs which have become important public
issues. Which of the following tree species have bright flowers?
a. Casuarina sp.
b. Ficus sp.
c. Lagerstroemia speciosa
d. Pinus insularis

17. It is the average growth of a forest stand over the entire measurement period.
a. Current annual increment b. Mean annual increment
c. Periodic annual increment
ci. Regular annual increment

18. When was the shift in logging from old-growth forest to residual forest implemented? a. 1990

b. 1991 c. 1992 d. 1993

 19. Which of the following does NOT conform to pure competition?
a. Homogeneous product
b. Few sellers and each can influence the prices
c. Absence of artificial restraint
d. None of the above

20. What is the distance travelled in meters by a forester who has a pace factor of 0.75 meter per
pace and an average pace of 300 paces for five trials?

a. 183 b. 225

c. 374

d. 400

21. It is the process by which weeds or trees without economic or commercial value are thinned or
cleared to facilitate the growth of the remaining trees.
a. Assisted natural regeneration
b. Enrichment planting
c. Forest rehabilitation
d. Timber stand improvement

22. Which of the following factors influences forage production? a. Climate

b. Vegetation
c. Soil
d. Topography

23. There are three (3) factors needed in the computation of the carrying capacity of a rangeland.
Which of the following is NOT considered in the computation?
a. Forage production
b. Forage consumption
c. Proper use factor d. Rangeland area

24. What is the difference between the total revenue and total cost? a. Net revenue
b. Overhead cost
c. Market price
 d. Shadow price

25. During planting operation, the root system of seedlings must be dipped in a mixture of soil and
water to prevent the seedling from drying. What do you call the mixture of the material?
a. Puddle
b. Potting medium
c. Milleh
d. Mud mixture

26. It involves the measurement and determination of quantity and quality of trees and description
of the different characteristics of the area.
a. Site assessment
b. Eco-profiling
c. Forest inventory
d. Timber assessment

27. On aerial photograph, what is the intersection of perpendicular lines connecting opposite
fiducial marks?
a. Nadir
b. Principal point c. Isocenter

d. Conjugate principal point

28. What is the silvicultural system applied for mangrove forests? a. Seed-tree method
b. Selective harvesting
c. Clear cutting and planting
d. Shelterwood

29. It refers to the cost that cannot be easily assigned to the entire operation or to any undertakings
that may exert political influence.
a. Direct cost
b. Indirect cost
c. On cost
d. Overhead cost

30. What is the present value of a land and timber worth Php 500,000 if it is liquidated 10 years
from now at a discount rate of 10%?
a. Php 50,000

b. Php 19,271.64 c. Php 192,771.64

d. Php 1,296,871.23

31. It is the law that prohibits the issuance by courts of preliminary injunction in cases involving
concessions, license and other permits by public administrative officials or bodies for the
exploitation of natural resources.

a. P.D. 410

b. P.D. 605

c. P.D. 705

d. P.D. 1020

32. It refers to the activity that is performed when the logs from the cold deck are moved from the
landing to the tractor?
a. Rigging
b. Yarding
c. Flanging d. Swinging

33. Forest lands are categorized into several zones under the NIPAS Act. In what particular zone was
Community Based Forest Management prohibited?

a. Buffer zone
b. Protected area zone
c. Shelterleast zone
d. Multiple use zone

34. In order to save the Philippine dipterocarp forest, the log export ban was promulgated on what
specific date?
a. January 1, 1982 b. August 21, 1986
c. November 24, 1997
ci. December 8, 2004
 35. In range management, what is the system of grazing where the area is divided into a number of
paddocks where the animals are moved systematically from one paddock to another in regular
succession?
a. Continuous grazing b. Rotational grazing
c. Combined grazing and soiling
ci. Referred grazing

36. It refers to the seedlings that grow naturally in the forest floor which can be collected as
planting stocks?
a. Saplings
b. Stocks
c. Germinants d. Wildlings

37. How much is the forest charge in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao for furniture and construction
hardwood species per DAO 2000-63 dated June 31, 2000?
a. Php 715 /cubic meter b. Php 950 /cubic meter
c. Php 1000 /cubic meter
ci. Php 1275 / cubic meter

38. What kind of photo is produced when composite pictures are assembled from vertical aerial
photographs with reference to known points on the ground?
a. Arranged photographs
b. Photo mosaic
c. Controlled photo mosaic
d. Uncontrolled photo mosaic

39. It refers to the activity where a previously forested area is being planted with trees.
a. Forestation
b. Afforestation

c. Reforestation
d. Rehabilitation

40. It is defined as the selling price of the product less the cost of production and profit and risks
and allowance.
a. Appraisal value
b. Marginal profit and risk c. Stumpage value
d. Market value

41. A river map has an actual length of 500 meter. If this were to be plotted on a map with a scale of
1:20,000, what is the measurement of the river?

a. 0.25 cm.

b. 2.25 cm.

c. 2.50 cm.

d. 25.00 cm

42. How many seedlings are to be planted in the planting site of 10 hectares if the spacing is 3m x
3m?

a. 11,150 b. 11,111 c. 11,250

d. 11,272

43. It is a forest stand established for seed production purposes which are composed of trees
known to be of good genotypes.
a. Seed orchard
b. Seed production area
c. Residual stands
d. Production forestry

44. It is a yarding accessory used to deviate the mainline to avoid injuring marked residuals.
a. Log guide b. Rub tree
c. Flying dutchman
ci. Bull block

45. A surface run-off is the water flowing on the surface of the soil. What are the sources of a
surface run-off?
a. Precipitation directly falling to the stream channel
b. Overland flow
c. Subsurface flow d. All of the above
 46. What do you call aerial photographs that are adjacent with each other and which can be viewed
in the third dimension?
a. Sidelap
b. Vertical photograph
c. Three-dimension mosaic d. Stereoscopic pair

47. The volume of short length and small diameter timber (bolts) or sticks can be measured by
talaksan. Given a total eight (8) cubic meters of short length and small diameter timber, how
many standard talaksan can you make?
a. 3 b. 4
c. 5
ci. 6

48. In what logging system should the direction of fall of trees to be cut be parallel or diagonal to
the direction of pull to avoid sweeping action of the logs?
a. Truck logging
b. Tractor skidding
c. Cable yarding
d. Skyline yarding

49. It is a silvicultural cutting operation made in forest stands between the time of its development
and its harvest.
a. Intermediate cutting
b. Release cutting
c. Sanitation cutting
d. Salvage cutting

50. What is the minimum gradient for land to be classified as forest land? a. 17%

b. 18% c. 19%

d. 20%

51. The period of years required to establish and grow timber crops to a specified condition of
maturity.
a. Maturity Cycle
b. Allowable cut c. Rotation

d. Cutting Cycle
 52. This is the transplanting of seedlings in containers a. Potting

b. Hardening
c. Lifting
d. Pricking-off

53. Which of the following factors does affect the climatic behavior of a watershed?
a. Shape
b. Slope
c. Soil characteristics d. Solar radiation
54. The process of removing live or dead branches from standing trees in the plantation is what you
called?
a. Pruning
b. Trimming
c. Hedging
d. Topping
55. This is to impose a levy on each cubic meter of timber cut in forest land that has been a legal
basis for the government.
a. RA 7160 b. RA 7161
c. PD 705
ci. EO 263
56. What is the principle that was adapted by the DENR in promoting its Community Based Forest
Management Program?
a. Sustainable Development
b. Selective Logging
c. Phil Agenda 21
d. Biodiversity
57. The nominal size of photo prints for effective stereo viewing is? a. 23 x 23 cm
b. 13 x 13 cm
c. 10 x 10 cm
d. 20 x 20 cm
58. If a 10% inventory will be conducted in a 100ha plantation using 0.1 ha circular plot, what is the
size of the sampled area?
a. 10 ha
b. 100 ha
c. 10 sq.m
d. 100 sq.m
59. The following species are capable of being planted in reforestation areas as wildlings, except:
a. Agathis alba
b. Tectona grandis
 c. Parashorea plicata
d. Pentacme contorta

60. The process of cutting down trees in a forest.

a. Cruising b. Felling
c. Falling
ci. Logging
61. The diameter at breast height of a given tree is generally measured at a height of m from
the ground.

a. 0.5

b. 1.3

c. 1.0

d. 1.5

62. It is the price paid for the use of the capital

a. Risk
b. Inflation
c. Surcharge d. Interest

63. It is the natural capacity of the seeds to remain viable over a period of time.
d. Seed purity
e. Seed viability c. Seed longevity

d. Seed genuineness

63. The smallest part of a forest block where orderly harvesting and removal of merchantable trees
are conducted.
a. Logging set-up
b. Forest stand
c. Log landing
d. Compartment
64. Which of the following trees is classified according to crown classes?
a. Seedling
b. Standard c. Dominant

d. Sapling

65. It is the most accurate process in determining log volume and is the process of estimating log
volume by submerging the stem section in a pool of water and measuring the displaced volume
of water.
a. Newton’s Method b. Xylometric Method
c. Displacement Method
ci. Hydrometric Method
 66. It is the application of technical principles and business methods for undomesticated plant and
animal species found in their natural habitat.
a. Wildlife Management
b. Parks Management
c. Forest Management

d. Range Management
67. It is a tree characteristic of log showing reduction in the diameter from the butt to the small end.
a. Taper
b. Decrease
c. Increase
d. Reduction
68. An aircraft is flying over a level ground area with a flying height of 13,400 ft and the base length
(absolute parallax for the base of the tree) is 3.50 in. The parallax difference is

0.015 in. What is the height of the tree?

a. 56 feet
b. 59 feet c. 57 feet

d. 60 feet

69. This is an open grasslands where trees and shrubs may exist in different degree of abundance
a. Denuded areas
b. Cogonal areas
c. Reforested areas d. Savannah
70. The value equivalent to one animal unit in range management.
a. 700 kg
b. 500 kg c. 455 kg

d. 600 kg

71. If a tree measures 1.32 m in measuring tape, what is the diameter of the tree in centimeters?
a. 42
b. 32
c. 25
d. 34
72. It is a kind of aerial photograph that is produced when the camera axis is pointed at an angle
between vertical and horizontal.
a. Oblique photograph
b. Stereoscopic photograph
c. Photo pair photograph
d. Vertical photograph
 73. What is/are the factor/s that greatly affect volume attained by a plantation stand at any given
age?
a. Genetics and cultural species
b. Stand density
c. Species composition d. All of the above

74. It involves the selection of desired crops, and removal of competing trees, injured trees,
defective and culled trees; and is also known as the third phase of the selective logging system.
a. Timber Stand Improvement
b. Enrichment Planting
c. Residual Inventory
d. Residual Improvement
75. What do you call the effect of infrequent light grazing in range management?
a. high pH
b. high fertility
c. low forage production
d. high forage production
76. In the Philippines, it is the most popular improved pasture species.
a. Cogon
b. Centrosema c. Napier

d. Guinea grass

77. Rangeland must obtain a maximum livestock production and that maximum number of animal
units that a given area is capable of supporting without causing injury to the soil and vegetation,
which is known as:
a. Grazing management b. Grazing capacity
c. Forage management
ci. Forage capacity
78. Portion of precipitation that passes over the surface without percolating into the soil. a. Surface
runoff
b. Drain
c. Streamflow
d. Infiltration flow
79. A quantitative indicator of the distribution of trees in a given forest stand is the stand density.
The following are the measures of stand density, EXCEPT?
a. Tree spacing
b. Number and volume of trees per ha c. Age and species

d. Basal Area

81. It is a type of watershed wherein its boundaries cover one to two provinces and
whose area ranges from 100-500 square kilometers.
c. Micro watershed
 d. Small watershed
e. Medium watershed
f. Large watershed

82. A silvicultural technology that is undertaken in logged-over areas to hasten forest

growth.
g. Replanting

h. Release Cutting
i. Timber Stand Improvement
j. Reforestation
80. It is the geometric center of the photo in aerial photography. a. principal point
b. Isocenter
c. nadir
d. fiducial mark
81. It is the term for a predetermined number of young sound trees marked to be left per unit area
before logging operation.
a. Residuals
b. Inventory target
c. Allowable cut d. Marking goal

85. This is a process that is used to convert slope distance to horizontal distance on the
ground.
d. Tangent method b. Break chaining
c. Ocular method
ci. 3-pole method
82. The following are considered to be the foundation of forest management.
a. Forest organization
b. Forest structure
c. Forest valuation including growth and yield d. All of the above
83. Type of thinning involved when the removal of trees in the upper portion/class is required.
a. Crown Thinning
b. Low thinning
c. Salvage cutting
d. Partial thinning
84. In the dipterocarp forest, timber harvesting is regulated based on the principle of:
a. volume control
b. area-volume control
c. area control
d. log requirements for processing plants
89. The biggest diameter class to be left as a marking goal or residual stocking should
be?
e. 40 cm dbh
f. 50 cm dbh c. 60 cm dbh

d. 70 cm dbh

85. Which of the following lands is covered by the National Greening Program according to
Executive Order No. 26, series of 2011?

a. Ancestral Domain
b. Children’s Act
c. Philippine Technology Transfer Act
d. None of the above

86. How long is the expanded coverage of the National Greening Programn through virtue of
Executive Order No. 318 series of 2015?

a. 2015-2025

b. 2016-2026 c. 2016-2028 d. 2015-2028

92. It is the maximum area that may be covered in a Forest Land Grazing Management
Agreement (FLGMA), for associations, cooperatives or corporations.
a. 10,000 ha b. 2,000 ha c. 5,000 ha

d. 1,000 ha

93. The totality of all environmental conditions present in the area in the geographic
location context is.
a. Site Index b. Site
c. Site quality
ci. Ecosystem
87. After logging operations, there are logging waste or residues left. Which of the following is not
considered as a logging waste or residues?
a. Branches
b. Damaged residual
c. Abandoned logs d. None of these
88. This shows that animals are relished for a particular forage species.
a. Aroma
b. Edibleness
c. Diet
d. Palatability
89. The term used for a standing dead tree in a forestry setting.
 a. Logging Waste b. Snag
c. Slag
ci. Dummy Tree
90. The art and science th uy at obtains phenomena without any physical contact and information
from a distance regarding an object.
a. Surveying
b. Distance Learning Approach c. Remote Sensing

d. Forest Inventory

91. The practical minimum scale of forest photographs for forest analysis is? a. 1:30,000-1:35,000

b. 1:20,000 - 1:25,000

c. 1:15,000 - 1:20, 000

d. 1:10,000 - 1:20,000

92. This refers to a computer component that forms the physical framework on which the system
operates.
a. Software
b. Data
c. Hardware
d. Computer

100. Forest growth and yield are components of forest management. The following are
considered as components of stand growth, EXCEPT:
e. Mortality b. Increation
c. Ingrowth
ci. Harvest