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The document outlines the essential considerations for cold storage design, including site selection, building orientation, size, space requirements, and insulation. It emphasizes the importance of thermal insulation and refrigeration systems to maintain optimal storage conditions while minimizing heat gain. Additionally, it discusses the impact of chilling injury on stored products and provides guidelines for effective temperature management.

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14 views

Adobe Scan 08 Feb 2025

The document outlines the essential considerations for cold storage design, including site selection, building orientation, size, space requirements, and insulation. It emphasizes the importance of thermal insulation and refrigeration systems to maintain optimal storage conditions while minimizing heat gain. Additionally, it discusses the impact of chilling injury on stored products and provides guidelines for effective temperature management.

Uploaded by

nagendras73488
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COLD STORAGE DESIGN

1. Selection of site COLD STOB GE


2. Orientation and building form
3. Size DESIGN
4. Space requirement
5. Design of building
6. Thermal insulation
7. Refrigeration system for cold store
8. Heat Load calculation
1. Selection ofsite
General rule they should be in the shade of direct sunlight.
Temperature management during storage can be aided by constructing square rather than
rectangular buildings.
Reetangular buildings have more wall area per square meter of storage space, so more heat is
conducted across the walls, making them more expensive to cool.
Cold storage were cubical in shape in order to minimize the surface area.

2. Orientation and building forn


- N-S direction
- W-E walls
- Surface to volume ratio less
3. Size
The total volume is the space comprised within the
Volume of product to store loor, roof and walls of the building.
The gross volume is the total volume in which
"Product containers (boxes, hampers, buckets) produce can be storcd, that is excluding other spaces
not for storage.
Volume required per container The net volume represents the space where produce is
Space for mechanical or manual operation stacked, exeluding those spaces occupied by pillars,
-Lateral and head space coolers, ducts, air cireulation and traffie passages
inside the chambers that are included in the gross
volume.
"Available site space
V= v(C+S)
Where.

V is the total volume needs in cubic feet.

vis the volume occupicd by one product container in cubic feel.


Cis the maximum number of containers to be cooled at any one time.
S is the maximum number of containers to be stored at any one time
4. Space requirement
Storage space 3.4 m'on suitable for stacking and circulation of cold air
|Chamber height -3 to 10 m

For loading and unloading distance between


Rack & rack -should not <75cm
Rack & wall - least 20-25 cm
Ceiling &product shelf top-30 cm
Cold storage design (Contd.)
5. Design of building
Process Layout
" In the case of a meat plant, this can be a carcass dressing line or a boning room, or for a cold store, the pallet
layout and mode of operation must be established.
" It is simply no good building an envelope and then attempting to place the processing machinery inside it

" The cold storage unit should be built on a site, a where the ground in elean, well drained and preferably
leveled and near to supplies of energy and water.

" Ifpossible, it should be in the shade of prevailing wind and direct sunlight. A refrigerated store, with one (or)
more thernally insulated places, and refrigerating machines can be planncd with the aim of assuring certain
services.
Air lock room
-At enirance we have air lock room. This is ligh1ly insulatcd room having two insulatcd doors with automatic door
closer arrangement. One door opens to outside and the other opens inside the cold storeldeep freeze
Instdated doors
· Door has rubber gasket - to make it nir tight.
"frame with two layers of thermocole ofS to 15 cm thickness-Al sheet
Cold store doors -special features like long handle, soft wood. long hinges, insulation, special locking system.
defrosting mechanism, air curtains ete. These doors are known as patch type of door
Air curtain

At main door where chances of infiltration of atmospheric air


are more-using blower
UMBRELLA TYPE ROOF STRUCTURE
BTENNL CADOING TO STRUCTUE

CAUNG SUPPORTED FROM STRUCTURE

NUANG ES tO WALS ANGO WALLS EXPOSED


CRNG SUHOD ROM STRUCTJE INSATING PANEL

LOADNG PUANT
COLD STORE ROOM
Insulating materials
"The materials having extremely low thermal conductivities are called insulating
materials. In is necessary to insulate the cold storages to prevent the entry of heat
through the walls. ceilings and floor of the cold storage when ambient air temperature is
higher than the cold storage temperature.
-Insulation of cold storages is important to reduce the operating cost of the
refrigeration plant by reducing heat gain through structure of the coldstorage.
-Insulation is also necessary on suction pipe line of the refrigeration plant in order to
reduce the super-heating of suction gas.
Chilled water pipelines are also insulated to prevent surface condensation on the
pipeline.
INSULATION
·Expanded polysterene (thermocole)
INSULANTs
Polyurcthane foam
Expanded bead polystyrene
Mineral wool Insulation Calculated thermal conductivity (kcalm h °c) Thickness (mm)
Polyisocyanurate foam Polystyrene 0.033 220
Styrofoam FR 0.030 200
Phenolic foam
Polyurethane 0.025 170
Extruded polystyrene
Defrosting circulntion-increasing the cold
point-restricts the air
Freezes at difluser coil-coldest
room temperature.
refrigerant to air-reducing the plant efficiency.
"Also restrict proper heat transfer from
-Defrosting should be done periodically
spreader pipe arrangement after shutting down the
"Defrosting can be done by hot water
plant.
on reverse cycle
"Alernatively hot gas defrosting can be done by running the compressor
by manifold or crossover system
Vapour barriers
"The vapour barriers are the materials which are placed on the hot side of the cold storage to
moisture migration and to protect the insulation from moisture condensation.
prevent
-Various types of vapour barriers such as structural sheet of Aluminum and S.s, thin
nluminum foils, plastic film hot melt type bitumen, special type of paints etc. are used to
prevent moisture transfer through the insulating material, Bitumen and aluminum foil are
widely used in insulation as permeance is very low.
Vapour penetration into the insulation will occur as vapour pressures are lower at lower
temperature and warm
the panels. Panel air will condense
and electrical services arewhich
in term will form ice which maydamage
carefully designed to ensure long term vapour
sealing.
"Penetrations are required for evaporator supports, clectrical wiring and refrigeration pipes. In
such cases, make a hole in the pancl and use PVC sleeve for the
sealing materiais such as sillcon may be used to make it air tight. required penctration and
CHILLING INJURY

"Is (caused by low temperatures and generally afects fruits and vegetable, causing improper
ripening discoloration, texture change etc.
With a hiher recommended storage temperature symploms of this disorder are decayed. The
chill injury is dependent on storage temperature and storage time.
-Chilling injury is particularly troublesome because symptoms are not visible immediately
on the product. Products that look heather in the store might have develop symptoms
during transportation or marketing.
"Some of the examples of lowest safe temperatures are :
"water melon - 4.4°e

"potatoes -3.3°c
"pumpkin - 10°c
"cucumber-7.2°c ete.

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