MATHEMATICS

IITian MAHESH KUMAR

TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

ASSIGNMENTS
EXERCISE-01
CBSE FLASH BACK
2 3 T
1. If A =   . Prove that A – A is a skew symmetric matrix .
 4 5 

x 5  3 4  7 14 
2. Find x , y if 2   +   =   .
 7 y  3   1 2   15 14 

a ab a  2b
3. Show that , a  2b a ab = 9 ( a + b) b2 .
ab a  2b a

 3 1
4. If A =   . Show that A 2 – 5 A + 7 I 2 = O .
 1 2 

 cos  sin  
5. If A =   . Then prove that ;
  sin  cos  

 cos n  sin n  
(i) A . A = A +  (ii) (A)n =   , for every positive integer ‘ n ’
  sin n  cos n  

 3 5  2
6. If A =   . Find A – 5 A – 14 I .
  4 2 

ab b c c aa b c
7. Prove the identity , b  c c  a a  b = 2 b c a = 2 ( a + b + c) ( a b + b c + c a – a2 – b2 – c2) .
c a ab bc c a b

 3 2  2
8. If A =   . Find ‘ k ’ such that A = k A – 2 I 2 .
 4 2 

b2 c 2 b c b  c
9. Without expanding , show that c 2 a2 ca c  a =0.
a2 b2 ab a  b

x y z
2 2
10. Show that x y z2 = x y z (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) .
x3 y3 z3

 1
 
11. If A =  2  and B =   2  1  4  . Prove that (A B)T = BT AT .
 3 

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

xa b c
12. Solve the determinant equation , a xb c =0.
a b xc

0 b2 a c 2 a
2
13. Prove the identity , a b 0 c 2 b = 2 a3 b3 c 3 .
a 2 c b2 c 0

1 2 2
 
14. Show that the matrix A =  2 1 2  satisfies the equation A 2 – 4 A – 5 I 3 = 0 and hence find A–1 .
 2 2 1 

EXERCISE-02
(OBJECTIVE) LEVEL I (MATRICES)
1. The system of equations , x + 2 y + 3 z = 1 , x – y + 4 z = 0 , 2 x + y + 7 z = 1 has :
(A) exactly one solution (B) only two solutions
(C) no solution (D) infinitely many solutions
2. If the system of equations , x + a y – z = 0 , 2 x – y + a z = 0 , a x + y + 2 z = 0 has unique solution,
then value of ‘ a ’ can not be :

(A) – 2 , 1 ± 3 (B) 2 , 1 ± 3 (C) 1 ± 3 (D) None of these

 2 3
3. Let A =   . If A–1 = x A + y I 2 , (I 2 is Identity matrix of 2 x 2) then the value of x and y can be
 1 5 

1 7 1 7 1 7
(A) x = – , y= (B) x = , y= (C) x = , y=– (D) None of these
13 13 13 13 13 13
4. The system of equations ,  x + y + z = 0 , – x +  y + z = 0 , – x – y +  z = 0 will have infinite
solutions if real values of  are :
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none of these

 2 1  3 2   1 0
5. If   A  5  3 =  0 1 , then the matrix A is equal to :
 3 2    

 1 0  0 1  1 1  1 1
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 1 1  1 1  1 0  0 1

 1 tan x 
6. If A =   , then the value of A A 1 is :
  tan x 1 
(A) cos 4 x (B) sec2 x (C) – cos 4 x (D) 1
7. If A and B are two matrices such that , AB = B and BA = A , then A + B2 =
2

(A) 2 AB (B) 2 BA (C) A + B (D) AB

–1
8. If A is an orthogonal matrix , then A equals :
(A) A (B) A (C) A2 (D) None of these
9. If A is a square matrix of order n then , adj ( adj A) is equal to :
n n 1 n2 n 3
(A) A A (B) A A (C) A A (D) A A

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

 cos x sin x 0 
 
10. If A =   sin x cos x 0  = f (x) , then A–1 is equal to :
 0 0 1 
(A) f (– x) (B) f (x) (C) – f (x) (D) – f (– x)
 cos x sin x  1 0
11. If A =   and A adj A = k   the value of ‘ k ’ is :
  sin x cos x  0 1
(A) sin x cos x (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
12. Which of the following is incorrect ?
(A) adj (adj A) = A (B) (AT)T = A
(C) (A–1)T = (AT)–1 (D) (A – I) (I + A) = 0  A2 = I
13. For the equations : x + 2 y + 3 z = 1 , 2 x + y + 3 z = 2 , 5 x + 5 y + 9 z = 4
(A) there is only one solution (B) there exists infinitely many solutions
(C) there is no solution (D) None of there

 2 0 1
 
14. Let f (x) = x – 5 x + 6 and A =  2 1 3  , then f (A) is equal to :
2

 1  1 0 

 1 1  3   1 1  3   0 1  3   0 1  3 
       
(A)   1  1  10  (B)   1  1  10  (C)  0  1  10  (D)  0  1  10 
  5 4 4    5 4 3    5 4 3    5 4 0 
15. Consider the system of equations, a 1 x + b1 y + c1 z = 0 , a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = 0 , a3 x + b3 y + c3 z = 0.

a1 b1 c1
If a2 b2 c 2 = 0 , then the system has :
a3 b3 c3
(A) infinite solutions (B) one trivial and one nontrivial solutions
(C) no solution (D) only trivial solution (0 , 0 , 0)

EXERCISE-03

(SUBJECTIVE) LEVEL I (MATRICES)

1. If a , b and c are three distinct non zero real numbers, then show that the system of equations
1 1 1
x + y + z = 0 , ax + by + cz = 0 , x + y + z = 0 , cannot have infinitly many solutions .
a b c
2. Show if A is idempotent , then (I + A)n = I + (2n – 1) A .

3. Matrix A is such that A2 = 2A  I, where I is the identity matrix . Then for n  2 , show that
An = nA  (n  1) I .

4. Prove the followings :

(i) Adjoint of a symmetric matrix is a symmetric matrix .
(ii) Adjoint of unit matrix is unit matrix .
(iii) A(adj A) = (adj A) A .
(iv) Adjoint of a diagonal matrix is a diagonal matrix .
(v) If A and B are two given square matrices, then
(a) BT AB is symmetric, if A is symmetric .
(b) BT AB is skewsymmetric, if A is skew symmetric.

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur
2 2
5. A square matrix A is said to be involutory A = I . If a square matrix P is such that P = P , then show
1
that A = 2 P  I is involutory and B = (A + I) satisfies the condition B 2 = B .
2
1
 cos   sin    1  tan 21    1 tan 21  
6. Show that :   =    
 sin  cos    tan 21  1    tan 21  1 

7. Find all the value of c for which the equations 2x + 3y = 3, (c + 2)x + (c + 4)y = c + 6 and
(c + 2)2 x + (c + 4) 2 y = (c + 6) 2 are consistant. Also solve the above equations for these
values of ‘c’
 cos2  cos  sec    cos2  cos  sec  
8. Show that the product of the matrices ,  2  and  
 cos  sin  sin    cos  sin  sin2  


is the zero matrix , when  and  differ by an odd multiple of .
2
 a  ib c  i d  2 2 2 2
9. Find the inverse of the matrix A =   , where a + b + c + d = 1.
  c  i d a  i b 

 5 8 0 
 
10. Show that matrix A =  3 5 0  is innovatory .
 1 2  

EXERCISE-04
(OBJECTIVE) LEVEL I (DETERMINANTS)
 1 2 1
 
1. If A =   1 1 2  , then determinant (adj (adj A)) is :
 2  1 1 
(A) (14)4 (B) (14)3 (C) (14)2 (D) (14)1

a2 a 1
2. The value of the determinant cos (n x ) cos (n  1) x cos (n  2) x is independent of :
sin (n x ) sin (n  1) x sin (n  2) x

(A) n (B) a (C) x (D) None of these

x2  3 x x 1 x  3
3. If px 4 + qx 3 + rx 2 + sx + t  x 1 2x x3 then t =
x3 x  4 3x

(A) 33 (B) 0 (C) 21 (D) None of these

  
4. If , &  are the roots of the equation x 3 + px + q = 0 , then the value of the determinant   
  
=
(A) p (B) q (C) p2  2q (D) None of these

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

a 1 a  2 ap
5. If a  2 a  3 a  q = 0 , then p , q , r are in :
a3 a4 ar

(A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) None of these

cos ( x  y ) cos ( y  z) cos ( z  x)

6. The determinant cos ( x  y ) cos ( y  z) cos ( z  x ) =
sin ( x  y ) sin ( y  z ) sin ( z  x )

(A) 2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x) (B)  2 sin (x  y) sin (y  z) sin (z  x)

(C) 2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x) (D)  2 cos (x  y) cos (y  z) cos (z  x)

2a  b  c a  2b  c a  b  2c a b c
7. If a  2b  c a  b  2c 2a  b  c =  b c a , then the value of  is :
a  b  2 c 2 a  b  c a  2b  c c a b
(A) 4 (B) – 4 (C) 0 (D) 4(a + b + c)

a b a  b
8. The determinant ,  = b c
b   c is equal to zero , if :
a  b b  c 0

(A) a , c , b are in G.P. (B) a , b , c are in H.P.

(C) (x  ) is a factor of a x 2 + 2 b x + c (D) a , b , c are in A.P.

y2  x y x2
9. a b c =
p q r

bx  ay cx  by ax  by bx  cy
(A) (B)
qx  py r x  qy px  qy qx  r y

bx  cy ax  by
(C) (D) None of these
qx  r y px  qy

0 b c
10. If a , b and c are complex numbers then , z = b 0  a is :
c a 0

(A) real (B) purely imaginary (C) 0 (D) None of these

1 x (1 x )a (1 x )b c
b
11. If a , b and c are positive integers , then the coefficient of x in  = 1 x (1 x ) (1 x )c a is :
1 x (1 x )c (1 x )a b

(A) a + b + c (B) a b c (C) a2 + b2 + c2 (D) 0

1 n n
2 2 n
12. If Dk = 2k n n1 n n and  Dk = 56 . Then ‘ n ’ equals :
2k  1 n2 n2  n  1 k 1

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 7

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

x 1 x  2 x  
13. x  2 x  3 x   = 0 , where  , ,  are in A.P., is :
x 3 x  4 x 
(A) an equation whose all roots and real (B) an identity in x
(C) an equation with only one root is real (D) None of these
cos x x 1
2 Lim f (x)
14. Let f (x) = 2 sin x x 2 x . The value of
x 0 is equal to :
x
tan x x 1
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
p b c
p q r
15. If a  p , b  q , c  r and a q c = 0 . Then the value of + + is equal to :
p a qb r c
a b r
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) – 2 (D) 2

EXERCISE-05
(SUBJECTIVE) LEVEL I (DETERMINANTS)
1. If A is a square matrix of order n, then prove that : det (adj A) = ( det A) n – 1 .

a x b x cx
2. Let f (x) =   x m  x n  x . Show that f  (x) = 0 and that f (x) = f(0) + k x where k denotes the
p x q x r  x
sum of all the cofactors of the elements in f (0) .
3. If  ,  are the roots of the equation a x 2 + b x + c = 0 , then find the value of the determinant ,
1 cos (   ) cos 
cos (  ) 1 cos  .
cos  cos  1

b2  c 2 ab ac
2 2
4. Show that : ab c a bc = 4 a2 b2 c 2 .
ca cb a 2  b2

x2  4 x  6 2 x2  4 x  1 3 x 2  2 x  6
5. If f (x) = x2 2x  2 3x  1 then prove that , f (x) is an even function .
1 2 3

a2  2 ab  c  c a  b   c b
6. Prove that , a b  c  b 2  2 b c  a  c  a = 3 (2 + a2 + b2 + c2)3 .
a c  b  b c  a  c 2  2 b a 

7. Using the properties of determinants , prove that

abc c b
c abc a = 2 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a) .
b a abc

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

1
a a bc
8. Without expanding the determinant , prove that : 1 b ca = 0 .
b
1
c c ab

x2  a2 x 2  b2 x2  c 2
3 3
9. If a , b and c are distinct , solve the equation : ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  c )3 = 0 for x .
( x  a)3 ( x  b )3 ( x  c )3

x2  5 x  3 2x  5 3
2
10. If  (x) = 3x  x  4 6 x  1 9 = a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d ,Then prove that ,a = 0 , b = 0 , c = 0
2
7 x  6 x  9 14 x  6 21

EXERCISE-06

(OBJECTIVE) LEVEL II

(MATRICES)
1. If A is a matrix such that A 2 = I and I is unit matrix of same order, then (I  A) (I + A) is :
(A) Zero matrix (B) A (C) I (D) 2 A

2. If A and B are two matrices and (A + B) (A  B) = A2  B2, then :

(A) AB = BA (B) A2 + B2 = A2  B2
1 1
(C) A B = AB (D) None of the above

3. Adj.(AB)  (Adj.B)(Adj.A) is equal to :

(A) Adj. A  Adj. B (B) I (C) O (D) none of these

 1 0 1   a11 a12 a13 

   
4. If matrix A =  3 4 5  and its inverse is denoted by A =  a 21 a 22 a 23
1
 , then the value of
 0 6 7   a31 a32 a33 
a23 =
21 1 2 2
(A) (B) (C)  (D)
20 5 5 5
5. If A and B are the symmetric matrices of same order . Then which of the following statements are
true ?
(A) AB – BA is a symmetric matrix (B) A + B is a symmetric matrix
(C) A2  B2 is a skewsymmetric matrix (D) None of these

6. Which of the following relations is incorrect ?

(A) (A + B + . . .+  )T = AT + BT + . . . +  T (B) (AB ..............  )T = ATBT ..........  T
(C) (k A)T = kAT (D) (AT)T = A

7. If A and B are two square matrices such that AB = A and BA = B , then :

(A) only B is idempotent (B) A , B are idempotent
(C) only A is idempotent (D) None of these
 1 1
8. If A =   , then A100 =
 1 1
(A) 2100 A (B) 299 A (C) 2101 I (D) none of these

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IITian MAHESH KUMAR
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9. Let a , b and c be positive real numbers . The following system of equations in x , y and z

x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2
+ – =1, – + =1, + +
= 1 has :
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
(A) no solution (B) unique solution
(C) infinitely many solutions (D) finitely many solutions

 x2  4 x x2   3 1
10. If  2 3  =   x  2 1  , then x =
 x x   
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) – 2 (D) 3
(DETERMINANTS)
1. If A is a square matrix of order m n where m is odd , then the true statement is (where I is unit matrix)
(A) det ( A) =  det A (B) det A = 0
(C) det (A + I) = I + det A (D) det 2A = 2 det A

2. Which of the following statement is true ?

(A) Non singular square matrix does not have a unique inverse
(B) Determinant of a singular matrix is not also always zero
(n  1)
(C) If A  0 then A adj (A) = A where A = [ aij ]n  n (D) None of these

1 3 cos x 1
3. If f (x) = sin x 1 3 cos x , then the maximum value of f (x) is :
1 sin x 1

(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

4. Let  A1 , A 2 , A 3 , ...... , A k  be the set of all the third order matrices that can be made with the
distinct nonzero real numbers a1, a2, a3, . . ., a9 (repetition of element in a matrix is allowed) . Then
k
(A) k = 9 ! (B) k = 9 { 9 ! ) (C)  A i = 0 (D) None of these
i 1

5. The number of values of k for which the system of equations ,

(k + 1)x + 8y = 4k, kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1 has no solution is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite

1 1 1
6. If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle and 1  sin A 1  sin B 1  sin C =0
sin A  sin2 A sin B  sin2 B sin C  sin2 C
then the triangle ABC is :
(A) Isosceles (B) Equilateral (C) Right angled (D) None of these

cos ( x  x 2 ) sin ( x  x 2 )  cos ( x  x 2 )

2 2
7. If f (x) = sin ( x  x ) cos ( x  x ) sin ( x  x 2 ) then f  (0) is :
2
sin (2 x ) 0 sin (2 x )
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None of these

m
2r  1 Cr 1
m
8. If  r = m2  1 2m m1 . Then   r is equal to :
sin (m ) sin (m) sin2 (m  1)
2 2 2 r 0

(A) m 2 – 1 (B) 2m (C) zero (D) None of these

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9. The digits A , B and C are such that the three digit numbers A 8 8 , 6 B 8 , 8 6 C are divisible by
A 6 8
72 , then the determinant 8 B 6 is divisible by :
8 8 C
(A) 72 (B) 144 (C) 288 (D) 216
10. The system of linear equations , x + y + z = 2 , 2 x + y – z = 3 , 3 x + 2 y + k z = 4 has a unique
solution if :
(A) k  0 (B) – 1 < k < 1 (C) – 2 < k < 2 (D) k = 0 .

EXERCISE-07
(SUBJECTIVE) LEVEL II
ap bq c r
1. If b c + q r = c a + r p = a b + p q = – 1 . Show that a b c =0.
p q r
1 1 x 
2. For each x , – 1 < x < 1 , let A (x) be the matrix A (x) =  
1 x  x 1 

xy
Show that , A (x) A (y) = 1  x y a (z) , where x , y  R , – 1 < x < 1 . z = .
1 xy

cos (   ) cos (  ) cos (   )

3. Prove that sin (   ) sin (  ) sin (   ) is independent of  .
sin (   ) sin (    ) sin (  )

 cos x 1 0 0 
 
 0 cos 2 x 1 0  1
4. Let A =  0 0 cos 3 x 1  . If trace A =  2 , find x .
 
 1 0 0 cos 4 x 

n2 (n  1)2
5. Prove that : Adj (Adj (A)) = A A . Deduce that Adj ( Adj (A)) = A .

6. Show if A is idempotent , then (I + A)n = I + (2n – 1) A .

A2 A3
7. If eA is defined as I + A + + + ..... , show that :
2! 3!

 cos h x sin h x  x x ex  e x e x  e x
eA = ex   , where A =  x x  , cos h x = , sin h x =
 sin h x cos h x    2 2
8. A square matrix A is said to be involutory A 2 = I . If a square matrix P is such that P2 = P , then show
1
that A = 2 P  I is involutory and B = (A + I) satisfies the condition B 2 = B .
2

n n n
Cr Cr  1 Cr  2 n 2
C3
9. If  (n , r) = n 1
Cr n 1
Cr  1 n 1
Cr  2 . Show that  (n , r) = r2  (n – 1 , r – 1) .
C3
n2 n2 n 2
Cr Cr  1 Cr  2

n 2 n 1 n r  3
C3 . C3 ..... C3
Hence or otherwise prove that ,  (n , r) = r2 r 1 3
C3 . C3 ........ C3

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10. Suppose f (x) is a function satisfying the following conditions :
(a) f (0) = 2 , f (1) = 1
5
(b) f (x) has a minimum value of x = and
2

2ax 2a x  1 2a x  b  1
(c) f  (x) = b b1 1 , where a , b are some constants .
2 (a x  b ) 2 a x  2 b  1 2a x  b
Determine the constants a , b and the function f (x) .

EXERCISE-08
IIT NEW PATTERN QUESTIONS
Section I Fill in the blanks
1. If [ x ] stands for the greatest integer less than or equal to ‘ x ’ , then the value of

[ e] [] [ 2  6 ]
[] [ 2
 6] [ e] is ________ .
[ 2
 6] [ e] []

2. If  cos2 1 =  cos2  1 =  cos2 1 = 1 ;

 cos 1 cos  1 =  cos  1 cos 1 =  cos 1 cos 1 = 0 .

2
cos 1 cos  2 cos  3
Then the value of cos 1 cos 2 cos 3 is ________ .
cos 1 cos  2 cos  3

3. If the system of equation , – a x + y + z = 0 , x – b y + z = 0 and x + y – c z = 0 ( a , b , c  – 1) has

1 1 1
a non-zero solution , then + + = ________ .
1 a 1 b 1 c

1 3 2 1
   
4. The value of ‘ x ’ so that [1 x 1 ]  0 5 1   1  = 0 is ________ .
 0 3 2   x 

 0 2b c 
 
5. The value of a , b , c when  a b  c  is orthogonal are ________ .
 a  b c 

Section II More than one correct :

a ad a  2d
1. Let  = ad a  2d a , then
a  2d a ad
(A)  depends on a (B) depends on d (C)  is a constant (D) All of these

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x a b
2. Let a , b > 0 and  = b x a , then :
a b x
(A) a + b – x is a factor of  (B) x 2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 – ab is a factor of 
(C)  = 0 has two real roots if a = b (D) None of these
3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that A 2 = A, B2 = B, AB = BA = 0, then
(A) A(B)2 = 0 (B) (A + B)2 = A + B
2
(C) (A – B) = A – B (D) All above
a b 
4. If A =   , (where b c) satisfies the equation x 2 + k = 0, then
 c d
(A) a + d = 0 (B) k = – A (C) k = A (D) None of these

0 0 1
 
5. If A = 0 1 0 , then :
 1 0 0

 0 0  1
 
(A) Adj A is a zero matrix (B) Adj A =  0  1 0 
 1 0 0 
(C) A–1 = A (D) A2 = I

Section III Assertion/Reason

(A) Statement  1 is True, Statement  2 is True, Statement  2 is a correct explanation for
Statement  1
(B) Statement  1 is True, Statement  2 is True ; Statement  2 is NOT a correct explanation
for Statement  1
(C) Statement  1 is True, Statement  2 is False
(D) Statement  1 is False, Statement  2 is True
1. Statement  1 (A) : If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B , BA = A , then
A2 + B2 = A + B
Statement  2 (R) : A and B are idempotent matrices .

3 0 0
2. Statement  1 (A) :  
 0 4 0  is a diagonal matrix .
 0 0 7 

Statement  2 (R) : A = [ aij ] is a square matrix such that aij = 0  i  j then A is called
diagonal matrix .

 0 p q pr
 
3. Statement  1 (A) : The determinant of a matrix  q  p 0 q  r  is zero .
 r  p r  q 0 
Statement  2 (R) : The determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of odd order is zero .

 1 4 2 
 
4. Statement  1 (A) : The inverse of the matrix  2  2 4  does not exist .
  3 7  6 

 1 4 2 
 
Statement  2 (R) : The matrix  2  1 4  is singular .
  3 7  6 

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Section IV Comprehensions

Write Up I

x a a
If a , b > 0 and  (x) = b x a , then :
b b x

1. (x) is increasing in :
(A)  ab , ab  
(B)   ,  a b    ab ,  
(C)  3 ab , 3 ab  (D) None of these

2. (x) is decreasing in :
(A)  ab , ab  (B)  3 ab , 3 ab 
(C)   ,  3 a b   3 a b ,   (D) None of these

3. (x) has a local minimum , at :

3 ab 3 ab
(A) x = (B) x = – (C) x = ab (D) x = – ab

Write Up II

Consider a system of linear equation in three variables x , y , z .a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1 ; a2 x + b2 y

+ c 2 z = d2 ; a3 x + b3 y + c 3 z = d3

 a1 b1 c1  x  d1 
     
The system can be expressed by matrix equation ,  a2 b2 c 2   y  =  d2  or A X = B .
 a 3 b3 c 3   z   d3 

If A is a non-singular matrix then the solution of above system can be found by X = A –1 B . The
solution in this case is unique .
If A is a singular matrix i.e. A = 0 , then the system will have no unique solution if (Adj A) B =
0 and the system has no solution (i.e. it is inconsistent) if (Adj A) B  0 .
Where Adj A is the adjoint of the matrix A , which is obtained by taking transpose of the matrix
obtained by replacing each element of matrix A with corresponding copactors . Now consider the
following matrix ,

a 1 0 a 1 1 f   a2  x
         
A = 1 b d , B = 0 d c , U =   , V =  0  , X = y
g
 1 b c   f g h   h   0   z 
 

1. The system A X = U has infinitely many solutions , if :

(A) c = d , a b = 1 (B) a b = 1 , h = g
(C) c = d , h = g , a b = 1 (D) None of these

2. If A X = U has infinitely many solutions , then the equation , B X = V has :

(A) unique solution (B) infinitely many solution
(C) no solution (D) either infinitely many solutions or no solution

3. If A X = U has infinitely many solutions , then the equation , B X = V is consistent if :

(A) a = 0 (B) d = 0 (C) f = 0 (D) All of these

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Section V Subjectives

1  a2  b2 2ab  2b
1. If  = 2ab 1  a 2  b2 2a , then show that ,  27 a2 b2 .
2 2
2b 2a 1 a  b

 1 2 2
 
2. Show that the matrix A = 2 1 2 satisfies the equation , A2 – 4 A – 5 I3 = 0 and hence find A-1 .
2 2 1

3. The sum of three numbers is 6 . If we multiply the third number by 2 and add the first number to the
result , we get 7 . By adding second and third numbers to three times the first number , we get 12 .
Using matrices find the numbers .

 4 4 4  1  1 1 
   
4. Determine the product   7 1 3   1  2  2 and use it or solve the system of equations ,
 5  3  1 2 1 3 
x – y + z = 4 , x – 2y – 2z = 9 , 2x + y + 3z = 1 .

5. If the homogeneous system of equations , a x + b y + c z = 0 , b x + c y + a z = 0 , c x + a y + b z = 0 has

nontrivial solutions , then prove that x : y : z = 1 : 1 : 1 for 1 : w : w2 or 1 : w2 : w .

Section VI Match the Column

1. Column I Column II
(A) (Adj A)–1 (p) kn – 1 (Adj A)
A
(B) Adj (A–1) (q)
A

n2
(C) Adj ( k A) (r) A .A

adj (adj A )
(D) Adj ( Adj A) (s) 2
A
2. Consider a system of three linear equations in three variables x , y , z .
a1 x + b1 y + c 1 z + d1 = 0 ; a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 z + d2 = 0 ; a 3 x + b3 y + c 3 z + d3 = 0
which represents planes P1 , P2 and P3 respectively .

 a1 b1 c1   a1 b1 c1 d1 
   
Let A =  a 2 b 2 c 2  and B =  a 2 b2 c 2 d2  .
 a 3 b3 c 3   a3 b3 c 3 d3 

Match the entries from the following column .

Column I Column II
(A) If rank of A = rank of B = 3 , then the planes
P1 , P2 , P3 (p) are coincident
(B) If rank of A = 2 and rank of B = 3 , then the
planes P1 , P2 , P3 (q) are parallel
(C) If rank of A = rank of B = 2 , then the planes
P1 , P2 , P3 (r) form a prism
(D) If rank of A = rank of B = 1 , then the planes
P1 , P2 , P3 (s) intersect along a line
(t) intersect in a unique point

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1 x x x2
3. Let x 1 x x 2 = a x5 + b x4 + c x3 + d x2 + e x + f .
x2 x 1 x

Match the entries from the following column .

Column I Column II
(A) The value of ‘ f ’ is equal to (p) 0
(B) The value of ‘ e ’ is equal to (q) 1
(C) The value of a + c is equal to (r) –1
(D) The value of b + d is equal to (s) 3

EXERCISE-09

AIEEE FLASH BACK

log  p 1
1.  , m , n are the p , q and r term of a G.P. all positive , then log m q 1 equals :
th th th

log n r 1
(A) – 1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

a b ax  b
2. 2
If a > 0 and discriminant of a x + 2 b x + c is negative , then b c bx  c is equal to
ax  b bx  c 0
:
(A) positive (B) (a c – b2) (a x 2 + 2 b x + c)
(C) negative (D) zero

1 n 2 n
3. If 1 ,  , 2 are the cube roots of unity , then  = n 2 n 1 is equal to :
2 n 1 n

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 

a b   
2
4. If A =   and A =   , then :
b a  
(A)  = 2 a b ,  = a2 + b2 (B)  = a2 + b2 ,  = a b
(C)  = a2 + b2 ,  = 2 a b (D)  = a2 + b2 ,  = a2 – b2

 0 0 1 
 
5. Let A =  0  1 0  . The only correct statement about the matrix A is :
 1 0 0 
 
(A) A2 = I (B) A = (– 1) I , where I is a unit matrix
(C) A–1 does not exist (D) A is a zero matrix

 1 1 1   4 2 2
   
6. Let A =  2 1  3  and B =   5 0   . If B is the inverse of matrix A , then  is :
1 1 1   1 2 3 
   
(A) 5 (B) – 1 (C) 2 (D) – 2

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7. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ....... , an ...... are in G.P. , then the value of the determinant ,

log an log an  1 log an  2

log an  3 log an  4 log an  5 is :
log an  6 log an  7 log an  8

(A) – 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0

8. The system of equations ,  x + y + z =  – 1 ; x +  y + z =  – 1 ; x + y +  z =  – 1 , has ‘

n ‘ solution , if  is :
(A) – 2 (B) either – 2 or 1 (C) not – 2 (D) 1

1 0  1 0
9. If A =   and I =   , then which one of the following holds for all n  1 , by principle of
1 1  0 1
mathematical induction .
(A) An = n A – ( n – 1) I (B) An = 2n – 1 A – ( n – 1) I
(C) A = n A + ( n – 1) I
n
(D) An = 2n – 1 A + ( n – 1) I

1  a2 x (1  b2 ) x (1  c 2 ) x
10. If a2 + b2 + c2 = – 2 and f (x) = (1  a2 ) x 1  b 2 x (1  c 2 ) x , then f (x) is a polynomial of degree
(1  a2 ) x (1  b2 ) x 1  c 2 x
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 2

11. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ....... , an , ...... are in G.P. , then the determinant

log an log an  1 log an  2

 = log an  3 log an  4 log an  5 is equal to :
log an  6 log an  7 log an  8

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 2

12. If A and B are square matrices of size n  n such that A2 – B2 = (A – B) (A + B) , then which of the
following will be always true ?
(A) A = B (C) either of A or B is a zero matrix
(C) AB = BA (D) either of A or B is identity matrix
 1 2  a 0
13. Let A =   and B =   , a , b  N . Then :
 3 4   0 b
(A) there cannot exist any B such that AB = BA
(B) there exists more than one but finite number of B’s such that AB = BA
(C) there exists exactly one B such that AB = BA
(D) there exists infinitely many B’s such that AB = BA .

1 1 1
14. If D = 1 1 x 1 for x  0 , y  0 . Then D is :
1 1 1 y
(A) divisible by x but not y (B) divisible by y but not x
(C) divisible by neither x nor y (D) divisible by both x and y

5 5 
15. Let A = 0  5  . If A2 = 25 , then  equals :
0 0 0

1
(A) (B) 5 (C) 52 (D) 1
5

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16. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are integers . Then which one of the following is true ?
(A) If determinant A  ± 1 , then A–1 exists and all its entries are nonintegers
(B) If determinant A = ± 1 , then A–1 exists and all its entries are integers
(C) If determinant A = ± 1 , then A–1 exists but all its entries are not necessarily integers .
(D) If determinant A = ± 1 , then A–1 need not exists
17. Let A be a 2  2 matrix with real entries . Let I be the 2  2 identity matrix . Denoted by tr (A) , the
sum of diagonal entries of A . Assume that A 2 = I .
Statement – 1 (A) : If A  1 and A  – 1 , then determinant A = – 1 .
Statement – 2 (R) : If A  1 and A  – 1 , then tr A  0 .
(A) 1 is True, 2 is True, 2 is a correct explanation for 1
(B) 1 is True, 2 is True ; 2 is NOT a correct explanation for 1
(C) 1 is True, 2 is False (D) 1 is False, 2 is True
18. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c)  0. If

a a 1 a –1 a 1 b 1 c –1
–b b  1 b – 1  a – 1 b–1 c  1  0, then the value of n is
c c – 1 c  1 (–1)n 2 a (–1)n 2 b (–1)n c

(A) any integer (B) zero (C) any even integer (D) any odd integer
19. Let A and be two symmetric matrices of order 3.
Statement-1 : A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.
Statement-2 : AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication of A with B is commutative.
(A) 1 is True, 2 is True, 2 is a correct explanation for 1
(B) 1 is True, 2 is True ; 2 is NOT a correct explanation for 1
(C) 1 is True, 2 is False
(D) 1 is False, 2 is True

 1 0 0  1 0
     
20. Let A =  2 1 0  . If u1 and u2 are column matrices such that Au1 =  0  and Au2 =  1  , then u1 + u2
 3 2 1 0 0
     
is equal to

 –1  –1  –1 1

       
–1
(A)  1  (B)  1  (C)  –1 (D)  
0  –1 0  –1
       

21. Let P and Q be 3 ×3 matrices P  Q. If P3 = Q 3 and P2Q = P2Q, then determinant of (P2 + Q 2 ) is equal
to
(A) –2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) –1

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EXERCISE-10
IIT FLASH BACK (OBJECTIVE)
(A) Fill in the blanks

2  3  1   3
1. Let p 4 + q 3 + r 2 + s  + t =  1  2   4 be an identity in  , where p , q , r , s and t are
 
3   4 3

constants . Then , the value of ‘ t ‘ is ________ .

1 4 20
2. The solution set of the equation , 1 2 5 = 0 is ________ .
1 2 x 5 x2

3. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all determinants of order 2 with elements 0
or 1 only . The probability that the value of determinant chosen is positive is ________ .
x 3 7
4. Given that x = – 9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0 the order two roots are ________ and ________ .
7 6 x
5. The system of equation ,  x + y + z = 0 , – x +  y + z = 0 , – x – y +  z = 0 , will have a nonzero
solution . If real values of  are given by ________ .

1 a a2  b c
6. The value of the determinant 1 b b2  c a is ________ .
1 c c2  a b

1 logx y logx z
7. For positive numbers x , y and z , the numerical value of the determinant logy x 1 logy z is
logz x logz y 1
________ .

(B) True/False

1 a bc 1 a a2
1. The determinants 1 b c a and 1 b b2 are not identically equal .
1 c ab 1 c c2

x1 y1 1 a1 b1 1
2. If x 2 y2 1 = a 2 b2 1 then the two triangles with vertices (x , y ) , (x , y ) , (x , y ), and
1 1 2 2 3 3
x3 y3 1 a3 b3 1
(a1 , b1) , (a2 , b2) , (a3 , b3) must be congruent .
(C) Multiple choice Question with One or More than One Correct Answer

a b a  b
1. The determinant b c b  c is equal to zero, if
a  b b  c 0
(A) a , b , c are in A.P. (B) a , b , c are in G.P.
(C) a , b , c are in H.P. (D)  is a root of the equation a x 2 + b x + c = 0
(E) (x – ) is a factor of a x 2 + 2 b x + c =0

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
2. The values of  lying between  = 0 and = and satisfying the equation ,
2

1  sin2  cos 2  4 sin 4 

2 2
sin  1  cos  4 sin 4  = 0 , are :
sin2  cos 2  1  4 sin 4 

7 5 11 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 24 24 24

6i  3i 1
3. If 4 3 i  1 = x + i y , then :
20 3 i
(A) x = 3 , y = 1 (B) x = 1 , y = 3 (C) x = 0 , y = 3 (D) x = 0 , y = 0

 1 4 4
 2 1 2
4. If the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix P is   , then the possible values of the determinant of P is (are)
 1 1 3
(A) –2 (B) – 1 (C) 1 (D) 2
(D) Multiple choice Question with One Correct Answer
1. Consider the set A of all determinants of order 3 with entries 0 or 1 only . Let B be the subset of A
consisting of all determinants with value 1 . Let C be the subset of A consisting of all determinants
with value – 1 . Then :
(A) C is empty (B) B has as many elements as C
(C) A = B C (D) B has twice as many elements as elements as C

1 1  i  2 2
2
2. Let ( 1) is a cube root of unity , then 1  i 1   1 is equal to :
i i    1 1

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) i (D) 

3. Let a , b , c be the real numbers . The following system of equations in x , y and z

x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2 x2 y2 z2
+ – =1, – + =1, –
= 1 has : + +
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
(A) no solution (B) unique solution
(C) infinitely many solutions (D) finitely many solutions
4. If A and B are square matrices of equal degree , then which one is correct among the following .
(A) A + B = B + A (B) A + B = A – B (C) A – B = B – A (D) AB = BA

x3 sin x cos x
d3 f ( x )
5. Let f (x) = 6 1 0 , where p is a consistent . Then at x = 0 is :
d x3
p p2 p3

(A) p (B) p + p2 (C) p + p3 (D) independent of p

xp  y x y
6. The determinant , yp  z y z = 0 if :
0 xp  y yp  z
(A) x , y , z are in A. P. (B) x , y , z are in G. P.
(C) x , y , z are in H. P. (D) xy , yz , zx are in A. P.

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1 a a2
7. The parameter , on which the value of the determinant , cos (p  d) x cos p x cos (p  d) x does not
sin (p  d) sin p x sin (p  d) x

depend upon , is :
(A) a (B) p (C) d (D) x
1 x x 1
8. If f (x) = 2x x ( x  1) ( x  1) x , then f (100) is equal to :
3 x ( x  1) x ( x  1) ( x  2) x ( x  1) ( x  1)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 100 (D)  100

9. If the system of equations , x  k y  z = 0 , k x  y  z = 0 , x + y  z = 0 has a nonzero

solution , then the possible values of ‘ k ‘ are :
(A) 1 , 2 (B) 1 , 2 (C) 0 , 1 (D)  1 , 1
sin x cos x cos x
 
10. The number of distinct real roots of cos x sin x
cos x = 0 in the interval – x is :
4 4
cos x cos x sin x
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3
1 1 1
1  i 3 2
11. Let ,  = , then the value of the determinant 1  1   2 is :
2
1 2  4

(A) 3  (B) 3 (– 1) (C) 3  (D) 3 (1 – )

12. The number of values of ‘ k ‘ for which the system of equations ,

(k + 1) x + 8 y = 4 k ; k x + (k + 3) y = 3 k – 1 has infinitely many solution is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
 0 1 0 2
13. If A =   and B =  5 1  , then value of  for which A = B is :
 1 1   
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 4 (D) no real values

14. Given , 2 x – y + 2 z = 2 , x – 2 y + z = – 4 , x + y + z = 4 then the value of  such that the given
system of equation has no solution , is :
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) – 3

 2
 and A  = 125 , then  equals :
3
15. Let A = 
2 
(A) ± 3 (B) ± 5 (C) ± 1 (D) 0

1 0 0 1 0 0
    1 
 and I =  0 1 0  and A =  6 ( A  c A  dI)  , then (c , d) is :
2
16. If A =  0 1 1 –1

 0  2 4   0 0 1 

(A) (– 6 , 11) (B) (– 11 , 6) (C) (11 , 6) (D) (6 , 11)

 3 1 
 2 2   1 1
17. If P =  1  , A=  APT , then PT Q 2005 P is :
 and Q = PAP
3  0 1 
 2 2 

 1 2005   1 2005   1 0 1 0
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
0 1   2005 1   2005 1  0 1

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 x  1
 y  0
18. The number of 3 × 3 matrices A whose entries are either 0 or 1 and for which the system A    
 z   0 
has exactly two distinct solutions, is
(A) 0 (B) 29 – 1 (C) 168 (D) 2
19. Let M and N be two 3 × 3 non-singular skew-symmetric matrices such that MN = NM. If PT denotes the
transpose of P, then M2N2 (M TN)–1 (MN–1)T is equal to
(A) M2 (B) –N2 (C) –M2 (D) MN
20. Let P = [dij] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let Q = [bij], where bij = 2i + j aij for 1  i, j  3. If the determinant of P is
2, then the determinant of the matrix Q is
(A) 210 (B) 211 (C) 212 (D) 213
21. T T
If P is a 3 × 3 matrix such that P = 2P + I where P is the transpose of P and I is the 3 × 3 Indentity matrix

 x  0
   
then there exists column matrix x = y  0 such that
   
 z   0 

0
0
(A) PX =   (B) PX = X (C) PX = 2X (D) PX = –X
 0 
(E) Write up

Write Up I

1 0 0  1 2
     
A =  2 1 0  , if U1 , U2 and U3 are column matrices satisfying , A U1 =  0  , A U2 =  3  and
 3 2 1   0   0 

U is 3 × 3 matrix whose column are U1 , U2 , U3 , then answer the following questions :

1. The value of U is :

3
(A) 3 (B) – 3 (C) (D) 2
2

2. The sum of the elements of U–1 is :

(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3

3
 
3. The value of , [ 3 2 0 ] U  2  is :
 0 

5 3
(A) [5] (B)   (C) [4] (D)  
2 2
Write Up II
Let A be the set all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices all of whose entries are either 0 or 1. Five of these entries
are 1 and four of them are 0.
1. The number of matrices in A is
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 3

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x 1
Ay  0
2. The number of matrices A in A for which the system of linear equation has a unique solution
z 0
is
(A) less than 4 (B) at least 4 but less than 7
(C) at least 7 but less than 10 (D) at least 10

x 1
Ay  0
3. The number A in A for which the system of linear equations is inconsistent, is
z 0
(A) 0 (B) more than 2 (C) 2 (D) 1

Write Up III
Let P be an odd prime number and T p be the following set of 2 × 2 matrices

 a b  
Tp = A    : a, b, c  {0,1, 2,...., p  1}
 c a  
1. The number of A in Tp such that A is either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both, and det (A) divisible by
p is
(A) (p – 1)2 (B) 2(p – 1) (C) (p – 1)2 + 1 (D) 2p – 1
2. The number of A in Tp such that the trace of A is not divisible by p but det (A) is divisible by p is
[Note: The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
(A) (p – 1) (p2 – p + 1) (B) p3 – (p – 1)2
(C) (p – 1)2 (D) (p – 1) (p2 – 2)
3. The number of A in Tp such that det (A) is not divisible by p is
(A) 2p2 (B) p3 – 5p (C) p3 – 3p (D) p3 – p2

(F) Assertion/Reason
1. Consider the system of equations , x – 2y + 3z = –1
– x + y – 2z = k
x – 3y + 4z = 1
Statement  1 : The system of equations has no solution for k  3

1 3 1
Statement  2 : The determinant  1  2 k  0 , for k  3 .
1 4 1

(A) Statement  1 is True , Statement  2 is True ; Statement  2 is a CORRECT explanation

for Statement  1
(B) Statement  1 is True , Statement  2 is True ; Statement  2 is a NOT CORRECT explanation
for Statement  1
(C) Statement  1 is True , Statement  2 is False
(D) Statement  1 is False , Statement  2 is True

(G) Match the Column

1. (A) Let A and B be 3  3 matrices of real numbers, (p) 1
where A is symmetric , B is skewsymmetric and (q) 2
(A + B) (A – B) = (A – B) (A + B) . If (AB) t = (– 1)k AB , (r) 3
where (AB)t is the transpose of the matrix AB, then the (s) 4
possible values of k are :

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(H) Integer Type

2 2
1. Let  be the complex number cos  i sin . Then the number of distinct complex number z satis-
3 3

z 1  2
 z  2 1
fying = 0 is equal to
2 1 z

 2k  1 2 k 2 k  0 2k  1 k 
   
2 k 1 2k  1  2k 0 2 k
2. Let k be a positive real number and let A =   and B =  .
 2 k 2k 1    k 2 k 0 
If det (adj A) + det (adj B) = 106, then [k] is equal to
[Note : adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M and [k] denotes the largest integer less than or
equal to k]

EXERCISE-11
IIT FLASH BACK (SUBJECTIVE)
a b c
1. Let a , b , c be positive and not all equal . Show that the value of determinant b c a is negative.
c a b

x2  x x 1 x2
2
2. Without expanding a determinant at any stage , show that , 2 x  3 x  1 3x 3x  3 = x A +
2
x  2x  3 2x  1 2x  1

B , where A and B are determinants of order 3 not involving x .

3. Show that the system of equations , 3 x – y + 4 z = 3 , x + 2 y – 3 z = – 2 , 6 x + 5 y +  z = – 3 has

at least one solution for any real number  . Find the set of solutions if  = – 5 .

4. If  be a repeated root of a quadratic equation , f (x) = 0 and A (x) , B (x) and C (x) be polynomials
A ( x ) B ( x) C ( x)
of degree 3 , 4 and 5 respectively . Then show that A ( ) B ( ) C ( ) is divisible by f (x) ,
A  ( ) B ( ) C ( )
where prime denotes the derivatives .

x x x x x 1 x2
Cr Cr  1 Cr  2 Cr Cr  1 Cr  2
y y y y y 1 y2
5. Show that , Cr Cr  1 Cr  2 = Cr Cr  1 Cr  2 .
z z z z z 1 z2
Cr Cr  1 Cr  2 Cr Cr  1 Cr  2

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6. Consider the system of linear equations in x , y , z :

(sin 3 ) x – y + z = 0 , (cos 2 ) x + 4 y + 3 z = 0 , 2 x + 7 y + 7 z = 0 .
Find the values of  for which this system has nontrivial solutions .
a1 n 6 n
2 2
7. Let  a = (a  1) 2n 4n  2 . Show that  a = c is a constant .
(a  1)3 3n 3 2
2n  3n a 1

8. Let the three digit numbers A 2 8 , 3 B 9 and 6 2 C , where A , B and C are integers between 0
A 3 6
and 9 , be divisible by a fixed integer ‘ k ‘ . Show that the determinant 8 9 C is divisible by ‘ k ‘.
2 B 2

x x x
C1 C2 C3
9. Evaluate : y y y
C1 C2 C3 .
z z z
C1 C2 C3

10. Suppose three digit number A 2 8 , 3 B 9 and 6 2 C where A , B , C are integers between 0 and 9,
A 3 6
are divisible by a fixed integer k . Prove that the determinant 8 9 C is also divisible by k .
2 B 2

p b c
p q r
11. If a p , b q , c r and a q c = 0 . Then find the value of + + .
pa qb rc
a b r

n! (n  1) ! (n  2) !
 D 
12. For a fixed integer n , if D = (n  1) ! (n  2) ! (n  3) ! , then show that   4  is
3
(n  2 ) ! (n  3 ) ! (n  4 ) !  (n ! ) 

divisible by ‘ n ‘ .
1 logx y logx z
13. For positive number x , y and z the numerical value of determinant , logy x 1 logy z .
logz x logz y 1

14. Let  and  be real . Find the set of all values of  for which the system of linear equation
x + (sin ) y + (cos ) z = 0 , x + (cos ) y + (sin ) z = 0 , – x + (sin ) y + (cos ) z = 0 has
nontrivial solution for  = 1 , find the value of .

cos ( A  P) cos ( A  Q) cos ( A  R )

15. For all values of A , B , C and P , Q , R . Show that , cos (B  P) cos (B  Q) cos (B  R) = 0 .
cos (C  P) cos (C  Q) cos (C  R )

16. Let a > 0 , d > 0 . Find the value of the determinant ,

1 1 1
a a (a  d) a (a  d) (a  2 d)
1 1 1
= ad (a  d) (a  2 d) (a  2 d) (a  3 d) .
1 1 1
a  2d (a  2 d) (a  3 d) (a  3 d) (a  4 d)

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17. Find those values of ‘ c ‘ for which the equations 2 x + 3 y = 3 , (c + 2) x + (c + 4) y = c + 6 ,

(c + 2)2 x + (c + 4)2 y = (c + 6)2 are consistent . Also solve above equations for there values of ‘ c ‘ .

 a2 a 1
18. Solve for x : sin (n  1) x sin n x sin (n  1) x = 0 .
cos (n  1) x cos n x cos (n  1) x

19. If the pth , qth and rth terms of an H.P. be a , b , c respectively . Then prove that ,

bc c a ab
= p q r =0.
1 1 1

sin  cos  sin 2 

 2   2   4
20. Prove that for all values of  , sin    cos    sin  2   =0.
 3   3   3 
2 2 4 
sin    cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 

21. Find the real values of ‘ r ‘ for which the following system of linear equations has a nontrivial solutions
. Also find the nontrival solutions :
2rx  2y + 3z = 0 , x + ry + 2z = 0 , 2x + 2y + rz = 0 .

22. Let a , b , c be real numbers with a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 . Show that the equation ,

ax  by  c bx  ay cx  a
bx  ay  ax  by  c cy  b = 0 , represents a straight line .
cx  a cy  b a x  b y  c

a b c 
 
23. If matrix A =  b c a  , where a , b , c are real positive numbers . a b c = 1 and AT A = I .
 c a b 

Then find the value of a3 + b3 + c3 .

24. If M is a 3 × 3 matrix , where det M = 1 and MM T = I , where ‘ I ’ is an identity matrix .

Prove that det (M – I) = 0 .

a 0 1 a 1 1 f   a2 
       
25. Let A =  1 c b  , B =  0 c d  , U =  g  and V =  0 
 1 d b   f g h   h   0 
 

If there is a vector matrix , X, so that AX = U has infinitely many solutions .

Prove that , B X = V cannot have a unique solution . If a f d  0 , then that B X = V has no solution.

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

EXERCISE-12
INTEGER TYPE

1
x n 1 cos x
x 3
2 (1) n n!
0 cos n
1. If f(x) = 2 3n 1 then d [f (x)]
n x 0 is equal to
 3  5 dx

cos 2  cos  sin   sin 

cos  sin  sin 2  cos 
2. If f() = then f(/3)
sin   cos  0

2a  b  c a  2b  c a  b  2c a b c
3. If a  2b  c a  b  2c 2a  b  c   b c a , then the value of  is
a  b  2c 2a  b  c a  2b  c c a b

a2 b2 c2
(a  1)2 (b  1)2 (c  1)2
4. If = – k (a – b) (b – c) (c – a), then k is equal to
(a  1)2 (b  1)2 (c  1)2

(1  x)a (1  2x)b 1
1 (1  x)a (1  2x) b
5. If f(x) = , a, b being positive integres, then coefficient of x in f(x) iS
b a
(1  2x) 1 (1  x)

  
  
6. If  are the roots of px3 + qx2 + r = 0, then the value of the determinant is equal to
  

a 2  a 2n 1  2p b 2  2n  2  3q c 2  p
2n  p 2n 1  q 2q
7. If p, q, r are in A.P., then the value of determinant is equal to
a 2  2n  p b 2  2n 1  2q c2  r

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

b2  c 2 ab ac
2 2
ab c a bc
8. If = ka2 b2c2, then the value of k is
2 2
ca cb a b

a1  b1w a1w 2  b1 c1  b1w

a 2  b2 w a 2 w 2  b2 c2  b2 w
9. If w is a complex cube root of unity, then value of  = is equal to
a 3  b3 w a 3 w 2  b3 c3  b3 w

1 a2x (1  b 2 )x (1  c2 )x
2 2 2
(1  a 2 )x 1  b2 x (1  c2 )x
10. If a + b + c = – 2 and f(x) = then f(x) is a polynomial of degree is
(1  a 2 )x (1  b 2 )x 1  c2 x

equal to

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-01 CBSE FLASH BACK
0 0
2. x = 2 , y = 9 6.   8. k = 1 12. 0 , – ( a + b + c)
0 0

3 2 2 
 25 5 5 
14.  5  35 2
5 
 2 2 
 35
 5 5 

EXERCISE-02 OBJECTIVE LEVEL I MATRICES

1. D 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A
15. A

EXERCISE-03 SUBJECTIVE LEVEL I MATRICES

1 4
7. c = 0 , – 10 ; when c = 0 , x = 3 , y = – 3 , when c = – 10 ; x = – ,y=
2 3
 a  ib c  i d 
9.  
  c  i d a  ib 

EXERCISE-04 OBJECTIVE LEVEL I DETERMINANTS

1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C
15. D

EXERCISE-05 SUBJECTIVE LEVEL I DETERMINANTS

1
9. x = 0 , ± (b c  c a  a b )
3

EXERCISE-06 OBJECTIVE LEVEL II

MATRICES
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. B
7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A

DETERMINANTS
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A
7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B

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 MATHEMATICS
IITian MAHESH KUMAR
TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

EXERCISE-07 SUBJECTIVE LEVEL II

2k 
4. x= , k  I , k  9n , n  I
9
EXERCISE-08 IIT NEW PATTERN
Section I Fill in the blanks
 9  35 1 1 1
1. – 8 2. 1 3. 1 4. 5. ± ,± ,±
2 2 6 3

Section II More than one correct

1. B 2. ABC 3. AB 4. ABC 5. BC

Section III Assertion/Reason

1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A
Section IV Comprehensions
Write Up I Write Up II
1. B 2. A 3. C 1. C 2. D 3. D
Section V Subjectives
 3 2 2
1  
2. A = –1
2 3 2  3. x = 3 ; y=1, z=2 4. x = 3 , y = – 2 , z = – 1
5 
 2 2  3 

Section VI Match the Column

1. A-p B-q C-r D-s
2. A-t B-r C-s D-p

3. A-q B-s C-r D-q

EXERCISE-09 AIEEE FLASH BACK

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. D

15. A 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. D 21. C

EXERCISE-10 IITJEE FLASH BACK (OBJECTIVE)

(A) Fill in the blanks
3
1. 0 2. – 1 , 2 3. 4. 2 , 7 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0
16

(B) True/False
1. False 2. False

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 MATHEMATICS
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TOPIC : - MATRICES AND DETERMINANT- (IIT JEE) IIT Kharagpur

(C) Multiple choice Question with One or More than One Correct Answer
1. B E 2. AC 3. D 4. AD

(D) Multiple choice Question with One Correct Answer

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B
8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B

15. A 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. D

(E) Write up I
1. A 2. B 3. A
Write up II
1. A 2. B 3. B
Write up III
1. D 2. C 3. D

(F) Assertion/Reason (G) Match the Column

1. A 1. A-pr
(H) Integer Type
1. 1 2. 4

EXERCISE-11 IITJEE FLASH BACK (SUBJECTIVE)

n  x y z ( x  y ) ( y  z) (z  x )
6.  =
3
+
3
[ (– 1) n
– 1 ] , where  = tan–1 2 9.
12

 
11. 2 13. 0 14. 2  = 2  ± +
4 4

4 d4
16.
a (a  d)2 (a  2 d)2 (a  3 d)2 (a  4 d)

1 4 1  a2
17. c = 0 , x =  3 , y = 3 , c = – 10 , x = – , y= 18. x = n  , 2 n  ± cos–1
2 3 2a

k
21. r = 2 , x = k , y = ,z=k 23. 4
2

EXERCISE-12 INTEGER TYPE

1. 0 2. 1 3. 4 4. 4 5. 0
6. 0 7. 0 8. 4 9. 0 10. 2

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