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Study Questions (ME204_Chapter 8)

The document contains study questions and answers for Chapter 8 of a Thermodynamics II course, focusing on vapor power systems. It includes calculations for cycle efficiencies, power outputs, thermal efficiencies, and mass flow rates for various steam power cycles, including Rankine and regenerative cycles. The document also features T-s diagrams relative to saturation lines for visual representation of the cycles.

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2 views

Study Questions (ME204_Chapter 8)

The document contains study questions and answers for Chapter 8 of a Thermodynamics II course, focusing on vapor power systems. It includes calculations for cycle efficiencies, power outputs, thermal efficiencies, and mass flow rates for various steam power cycles, including Rankine and regenerative cycles. The document also features T-s diagrams relative to saturation lines for visual representation of the cycles.

Uploaded by

uysalerbeyza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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T.R.

Gazi University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME204 Thermodynamics II
Study Questions for Chapter 8
(Vapor Power Systems)

Q1. Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Boiler pressure is 7 MPa and
condenser pressure is 8 kPa. Determine the cycle efficiency if water enters the turbine
(a) as a saturated vapor and
(b) at 600oC.
(c) Show the cycle on the T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines.
Answer: (a) 36.6% (b) 41%

Q2. A steam power plant operates between a boiler pressure of 10 MPa and a condenser
pressure of 8 kPa. Water enters the turbine as a saturated vapor. Determine the cycle efficiency
for a
(a) Carnot cycle, and
(b) Rankine cycle.
(c) Show the cycles on the T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines.
Answer: (a) 46.1% (b) 37.8%

Q3. A steam power plant uses water as the working fluid. Boiler pressure is 7 MPa, and
condenser pressure is 10 kPa. Steam enters the turbine without any superheating. Cycle has a
net power output of 40 MW. Cooling water is supplied from a lake through the tubes of the
condenser at a rate of 1600 kg/s. Isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 85 percent, and the
isentropic efficiency of the pump is 90 percent. Assuming no pressure losses in the condenser
and boiler, show the cycle on T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine
(a) the thermal efficiency of this cycle,
(b) the back work ratio,
(c) the mass flow rate of the steam, in kg/s, and
(d) the temperature rise of the cooling water, in oC.
(e) Show the cycle on the T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines.

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Answer: (a) 30.5% (b) 0.99% (c) 50.95 kg/s (d) 13.62oC

Q4. Steam at 10 MPa and 360oC enters the high-pressure turbine of an ideal Rankine cycle, and
it is expanded to the pressure 1.5 MPa. After expansion process in the high-pressure turbine, it
is reheated to the temperature 320oC. Then it enters the low-pressure turbine, and it is expanded
to the condenser pressure 8 kPa. If the mass flow rate of the steam is 80 kg/s, determine
(a) the power output of the high- and low-pressure turbines, in kW,
(b) the pump power, in kW,
(c) the net power developed, in kW,
(d) the heat rejected from the working fluid in the cycle, in kW,
(e) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and
(f) the mass flow rate of condenser cooling water, in kg/s, if the cooling water undergoes a
temperature increase of 25oC. (Hint: cp = 4.18 kJ/kg∙oC)
(g) Show the cycle on the T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines.

Answer: (a) 30144 kW, 71480 kW (b) 806.4 kW (c) 100817.6 kW


(d) 161161.6 kW (e) 45.4% (f) 1542.2 kg/s

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Q5. An ideal regenerative steam cycle operates between 14 MPa and 10 kPa. The temperature
of the steam entering the turbine is 520oC. Steam extraction occurs at 2 MPa and an open
feedwater is employed. If the mass flow rate of steam entering the first-stage turbine is 100
kg/s, determine
(a) the temperature of the steam diverted to the open-feedwater, in oC,
(b) the mass flow rate of steam diverted to the open-feedwater heater, in kg/s,
(c) the net power developed, in kW,
(d) the heat added to the working fluid in the cycle, in kW,
(e) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and
(f) the mass flow rate of condenser cooling water, in kg/s, if the cooling water undergoes a
temperature increase of 20oC. (Hint: cp = 4.18 kJ/kg∙oC)

Answer: (a) 233.90oC (b) 26.49 kg/s (c) 109197 kW (d) 245489 kW (e) 44.5%
(f) 1630.2 kg/s

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Q6. Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Superheated vapor enters the turbine
at 10 MPa, 600 oC. Vapor expands to the pressure of 1 MPa where some part of the vapor
extracted and sent to the closed feedwater heater. The remaining part of the vapor is heated in
the boiler to 600 oC, and vapor enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 600oC and expands to the
condenser pressure 10 kPa in which 1200 kJ heat is rejected to the cooling water.
(a) Determine the thermal efficiency for the cycle?
(b) Show the cycle on the T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines.
Answer: (a) 47.5%

Q7. Consider a water-ammonia binary vapor cycle consisting. In the steam cycle, superheated
vapor enters the turbine at 7 MPa, 450 oC, and saturated liquid exits the condenser at 55 oC. The
heat rejected from the steam cycle is provided to the ammonia cycle, producing saturated vapor
at 45 oC, which enters the ammonia turbine. Saturated liquid leaves the ammonia condenser at
1 MPa. For a net power output of 24 MW from the binary cycle, determine
(a) the mass flow rates for the steam and ammonia cycles, respectively, in kg/s,
(b) the power output of the steam and ammonia turbines, respectively, in MW,
(c) the rate of heat input to the ammonia cycle, in MW,
(d) the rate of heat addition to the binary cycle, in MW, and
(e) the thermal efficiency of the binary vapor cycle.
(f) Show the cycle on T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines.
Answer: (a) 19.35 kg/s, 31.80 kg/s (b) 21.87 MW, 2.30 MW (c) 37.27 MW
(d) 59.00 MW (e) 40.7%

February 12, 2025


Prof. Dr. Oğuz TURGUT

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