Date

Page

R o l e of pmamang.s e s earch toolS.

q5

Chmg kachayq the fhinss of universe 5u Ch

qs
be
[ existent) o r Q5at [ non- exlstest Can
Sqt
investgqted by hese foyr Prgmgngs and he
Same g r e helpfy T Suwasthyera Kshan, rOa P9ike
dogvyg poikshg and ehikitsa
There are
Y Aaptopad esh pramana pO ot rhio bluodp
aPratya kshq pramana
pram9nq heifor toi
Anumang
4Yukh Promana
These fou pru manqs ame rey mych: s efuy a
all steps ofreseaeh Such 95 Plonina ofsrck
work, execuhng he plan of resegch and Hoding
a Conclysien.

DAaptopadesh pramanq :- loDo

Term a.aptopqdesh is aeieraiContined onl with
he individya 0 r person
ality
Befove any research O pro posed Styd, oe follod
he sep 1-e revieu of
litematue udhich can be
Correl caed oith aoptofqdesh. IH helps fo avoid
repenhon of work
AS we kno tha Aaptq Vachan isiniversa uth:
A res
ercher who Coant to eSerch On one
topic, get ideq about the
topichp oi th tke
of Prewious esegrche8. Hence he
ork hich
DS Peviously Prove Scientif
aapt caly wil become
thg neuw reseamch
The exXIsting Orstud
knowledge of Scjence ean
be qcg 9cquyq

though aoptopqdesh.
 Tn
Sorne Coses things which orre metion ed n
have not cleg idea oy
Aa mhit about them for
esample
h e Cohcept of klomq Tn uyurye d ic. +ests
ests he
the
ept
Concept of
0f kloma i5 shillnoft get cleqred. So to
anderstand this Facts we have to do reserch to
orNeathem wifh the help 0f aophpadash.
rewea

Thus Aaptopadesh 5 Considee as the zdiable

Source of esishog knowledge hich suggest
neu idegs fr veseach iadse. 7t helas in the
development of oeseqrch methodology.

Pratyakshq p mang:-
L The knooledge which is perceived by he sense
cayanmind fs Caled as Pratyaksha t he mediarm
of t is alled as Arqtyaksha ramanq.
is the resut while Co ntuct
Herre is knowledge
Of the sense oTgans he abjec is medivm af
knowledge
Also gs we know that, he types of datq gcco-ding
to Bource are pnm9y and secondqY datq
more or less
The methods af collechon off datq
Ou of aher
upo Pratyakshq
pumgn9.
depends
of obsewation ike pemments, 5 q e s
ex
methods
exkot of smey methad
and e Cor ds Ead
Sume

depends on this Pratyaksha Paramang. dn fhve

The Prgtya kshg prqmang is depends
and mindand this ype aF
Sense 0gans
Bu it hoj Some
Kholedae is aained directy
Samhitas
Samhits
mentioned in oyr
nmitations hich qre
qs Prahyakshg Badhgk bhaves.
 For example s
A isukshmg C ve mioure: 1Sme
n aa pos
phio
Ocel ls dre no seen by nake eyes Shcles
50
here obstacle
Khowledge.
an
S0
co

over Come
mes fro m
prgtyakshq
btem mie
thiS Prmbtem mi.cYos
i6 used
Also foraavarqng e. due fo cOvesha
One Cat get direc knoudledgeofthe
ther
Shnichme to
so averCome this prrb|em
weCan use - r a PMRT Or 0SG7 SCan
etc
3 Anumgna Poamang
HDumana isvindirecrknouedge
uwhich is
based anreosoninghl tgrka
Ond he hnference T5 o7nterence
basean PTOm
pTo
per cep hon L Poomq dndang
o
Anumang as the Toaouhich
eterrmi ning hel ps n
an Imperceptible
basisOf past Objecoon the
invoiable
0bsevgthons gbaut the
asso ciaton of he tuwo
thingtot be inferred Sadk4 Viz.Hhe
d and he
Cause
UHetubyt uhich it 15 nfeed
Exacty the ameprrocess s
rmodem ap plie b
esearch
Co llectioo0f darq bymetkodo loay aPje the
and iovestigeio detailednexa miootio05
he bas1S OA itS ns:dato is pro cessedo
in Vomable
nference and S a5sociation
fho gh Some htepetqion
STotnsticu and infeena
methods
cetore
 clSSMAte
Date
Page

Yukh p r a m g h gs -

Nukfi comes fom he voft yu hich means to

bin tagethers join
m a y be thranslated as analysis.
Vuki
Lith the hep f yuki pramanq, w e get thbe
three kalas L past Pres ents futrel
knowledge of
iotellec
poDpe presence o f mind
ThDuh
OF he Atmg Sense OrganS
and e oardingho o

obect one is gble to perfrm cu

and ther
achvihes p p eMy.
lm porta nt too o
pooves To be o n
Nk Dhen here
t h e r e iS
Is
ghd tregtment
diqghasiS o f and Pen<e
iovalvement f m iple dosh9 and
OFCon ng Symptoms.
reseqrch
reserCh ConCem
d5 fq
Tn Srme o y , this yuki pemgog
mug adop
reserche
Or 5tudy
for his Work
by
Concly sion by
to Come
to ina Concly
IF he]ps him analyst.
obsenVation c dat, Statistica
ay
Considein Prqtyáksho Anvman
Considemog

theight
opplicahor o
For Yuki the base
iskoowledge
a nd Aaptopaeshq aboct
a the
b o t he
knowledge
exten5ive nof
One mn ay have
One without the yykH
i t is f
but
Subject
much USe.
 Page

yeingin
of Papto peqedesha pp sea
*Tm perance
Pikshha
Gnd
I n oga
T beeom es a bqsse for pra tya kshg
Houmqng rramana
andChik
7t5g F any GI5eas e

3 Nidana, 0 pa
Ts knowh by Aaptopdesha Paptopqdeshg pa L
Without the koowledge
of
Chikitsq S imposs7ble.

mporance ce of prgtygksha prqmgng

) Lo his way prtya kshg elps in 0 i pakshg
and ga pgkshg.
27 for b s h a n g SP-5h qhd Pr5hog 9mkshq
T is he bgse for the digno5is and Prranosis
of a dísease.
To check the inpmvement in a
pghent prrgtyaks
5 Compulsor
4Ashravidh pai ksha Oashavidhq pam kshg s 5thanik
pakshan need mastly the supPorr of porqftyqkshq
6T+gives religble informqtior about
menta changeS tn
pbysi ca and
patient

ImpoBan ce of
Anymgnq P mahq.
Anumgha rgmanq 15 highly uSefy in reos of
unava9bility of Suffcient
Case, the phy8ician înfarmation Tn sych O
the avaulable links requred fo obsewe2
and gctve 9t
Any mana Spans OVe q conclsi
Con clSi 6
on h
nree pemods of
pas ,the paeseot me the
and the
Fure
 elssmatee
Date
Page
a Chonra kq elaborqtes uthe- Si h discvee
examPles This e fers to an fofer ence of he
Present sityg Hoo bgsed on a a val la ble clu
Anumanapias a maio ee in deco ding the
oF a diseqse and 7 diagnasis.
ehalogj

Lmpot9nce of yukti pr ma oa:

to be an im potan+
Yukti proveS
diagna5 ls and teatmen han there is
Tovolv@men+ of mltiple doshgs, peence oP

Con fySln SYmptoms and avaj labiliy Of feus

due Contraindi cati sns in

trean@nt

he disese and a f h e pahen-

Conshtuian

The kmygkalg, qqni, dush adhisevang kalg m atg ete

2
qre knoan y k h prra manqa
by
Plays majo e Tn Didan
The yukti Prama ng notice5 a
TF h e Ph5ician
chikitsg. Example:-
g o u p o f Sgns and Sym ptoms together
POicul9r
of disease mea54res o
he decides the Course

begken.
 mportan ce ofethics Tn Resear ch.
Protects the vulnerable group and Othe
p9rieipgnts stydy
shud

Paticipants Safegugmded rom

explotrahjon
are
Establishes sk benefi-+ r a i o forStudy
-

4Ensyres Rulest respect, dignity- piva éy study Su bjee

S.
disclogYre and falr treqtment for
,

6ubect
Builds Capabijty of subjects D aecept
gects parhicip ation In accept
stydy.
Ehics Ts impomta nti n e seqrchbe cause
i+keeps he esercher from Commith
G
erors hile
seeking koowledge qnd tryth
T t omates eSsenti o Value5 that he
resegrchems Corking an a topic to hp
a
Common nder5tandio4 of have
Should Ao abou ho things

Composiion ofTEC -Tosi tuiona ehics

)At least 5- members Cre equred
commtt
cAt legst I 5
At least is Fom 0On-Sc1eoti ic_or Don-medical
outside the instihute
epemences ceo auluyor Orudge
Quali ied and expemence
g r e taken
Scientist and clioician
idence q5ed PMedicine -

efiprion i-
The euidence based
The euidence
medicine CEB s defned as
he Of best eserCh evidence ith
expertiseand patient vad yes clinical
OR
T+ is alsa defined as using medicine
clinical
in

oa chce, based osn 51Stemic

reseqrrth +h oPprmpiate
evidences em dif ferent databases and
thughl
accepred
m acadlemici ans and intellectuaa fn the
medica SCiences.

inciples of EBM:

Best re5eth evidence

clinicaexpertise
patient's vallue ond preferences

Objechve5 of EBM:-
To recognise an information heeded hile coing fr
a patent

T o identify the best existh ng evidences to help

5olve he pmblems
To integ-ate the evidences ioto a medica plan
elan

PMethodaleay:
PICo Methe d PIO Methed
-pahent as pe P-Pahent-
Sgns and Symptoms Intevention_
Octcome.
otevention po ceden
folloed, tatemeat Five
Comp9mson
Othe de
A
nS en uith ePfRc af

tudy
 a
works echnica
by
teve idence
g sed
bgsed
dicine
hoysa nds of individya Conplex infrroation medjcn.
Converin9
use-Fiend \ter
rm
estimates. T invelues studies into
Steps adefined method with 4 -fiendl
1
Defniog
Deining qstuctrred quesioh about
roon
pOpu Son
9 about the
he tqrgef toraeL
,
Outcom es and
Cusyauy) Thtewentiko
2
exposure
Serchinghe published Cand aC cqsi
iteatyre fo Sourc es5 occqsionclly uHpublisho
of datq hat
oncaly uputl:
he qyestions. oigh ed
3
Pprusin ansoe
evaluqti
OY
ger Tnd eleiance to nghe
the latg for
for methodolo
methodol
this prroeesS questions Hpi call
eeds Gut abeut9o
of 5tudies and aod: 9g
4
Descmbing and
analyzina the
a nswe he resultina darq t
q4eshonposeq.ly
-c

ceslds
 clasSMAte
Date
Page

ance
K L m p o r
Of I T io Rese.crrch
lanydeveloped ounties have announced
iodernizehe
health care sstems 1nihatvej to
SStems to+h
oith invementt
invetments
heglIh. infimmahon
i n heglth
technolog LIT
The goa OF these inithaives i6 to use
4echno lo4y TD mmveThe health Cre 5ystem
bu reducing Casts s nCreas[ na pahent
5afeq and
impanvlng qudllh oe chre
ImpmVIng neglth Cre 15Commoo goal f
4hese Counties but hee re wide dispaite
n the 5ucceS O hich nations have
pursue this goal
Someof he mafer bene fity fom modemiz4ng
heefhCaes4Stem Cre ekpecded o Com
fromHhe Tmpmvemnt in medico esegch
Hhat itw7l enahle
r ekample mdical reseq-chesLoill be
gble t yerapld- lecmiag bealfh hetderks
t detecmine heelfech vehe f pgrhi cllo
rearmeot for a certain_popuation o
hormfu side- ePfects af g g

cis cou@
h i e Same, P HhG egerch wilacCU
I n the pmuak Secto

earning health networts

To yse rayoi
efeciveness pa
of
To deBemine
atment f o Er-ún Paprudoti on
re dm
discave side effect of q
To
 A-ticlee
Re3earch
S
DHARA Aurweda
Ay
A
Helpline er
OF
icl es
a r t i c leS
h
On
Digital index wide
online D6rlel
is a n
DHARA
ndein
Journals

Online
pyb lished in
research

ve
blished to the
C o m p r e h e n s i

I+ is fhe HrSt
reserch grrhicles pub

Sewice for
of Ayyveda, by AVT T
feld bung
fmplemente
DHARA project is / O a of H4he
Resegrch the S e C h
for Advanced oF Tnstntut
Instithons
AVP Grroup OF
truSt,
Ayuvedic
ndiq.
Tom1 Nad4
Colmbatore,
pmject Das funded
unded
The Hrst phase of DHARA
for
Resecch in Ayuvedic
by centra Counci
Depgtment
of AYU5H, Ninistey
Science3
ano
Heg h amil e)fee s 10venmeL
0F
Jul 2ol.
OF Tndiq foom AuST 2/0 to
he majn featmes of DHARA=
Jild keyadard segrch Opthon
Advan ced segrch cwth oolean Operatos,
begrch held TeA5
4 Limiting Serrch Contolle Vecah ug
5. Joumo5 Aeo tor lisinaJouroals b kelord
5arch or in aphqbeic arde to acces basiC
infmmghon enjourrn as
6 Authrs greq For listing authons by keyadord
6egrch o In aphgbehca rder to segrth
Qrricles by author nomes.
7 Bulding URLS fhat Coh be stored f r Atlore
8 Ophons for Sorin seqrch e
.Exporhing the seqmch eulte
 lASSMAAte
Date.
Page

Rab Med:

pefioiioh
re e online
3edrch engine for
pMed ne gtabase of citathons accessing he
bjomedica Seareh tisles. absracs

Authoih -Puble s Q database developed

NCBTL Nlafional Centtr for by-
Bitechnolo34 Tofomg tion
NLM- Nanonarbrgyaf Medici ne]
THas developed as p of ErRS
Content T hgs Over8 milion of citaions fom
Med fine Othe life6cience Jouhals
For bomedica Ghcles
aloOg wih fee
o F C h orge Oacce Medline

Field6- Tt coVeS eata 0f flds elatesto medicing

nursing othe hedthelisciplineg Al5o It
fuly CoVersblo- medica scjences li ee
bro-che.misty , cell bioloay

Scope IE a50 offes

. ole citahons
evleuwe for-
1 n pocess citofions- thase bejng S y bsequently e
, jf in S cope
lusion, in Medline
Inc stots fog
vocab ulq Tt ( i
Indexed ith Mesh
LPub Med T n pareis
Ss pplieo by
hqf ge
. Pablisher Supplied
rubli'sher
citations
E
electroní cally to Pube
direc ly
POlshe
publishe-)

a s Supplie
by
Cary frag PubMad
-
 AYUSH Partal -
The Ayush resemcb poxta i5
meanffo
disse.minating the infzrrrnghoD relateeto
dia

AYSH and he cUrrent Tesearrch o the

H
ubd
purpox ae
purely meant For acgd emic
User5 Can 8each_AYUSH terrminolog
re5e grch astidEL
One can alSo 5earch
arhcle Joundls etc
Au/edq yog9 ngfuop infarmaion aE
Sddha HomeopathyeCqthy Cnani
n foncmation
abau fhe clinica resegrc
pre- clini cal
researrch, du9 eSeach and
fuodamenta reseqrc b can
TH ha5 rmanly odsa be
acceed
Serch OF uooapplicahons
esearch datqbythe user,
2 Opload ing oF
2eseqrrch datq by the
6electe Councils Instiyte
Porta povides Snformahion
6tan dard regtment anderthe heodings:-
2 Giuudelines
rerefi ve pmmitive bea th
3. reclinic and clinica
gtucies
Literarn and uodomenta
5
Dug STand grrdizafion Researcb
Loec hea htradition.g
Drug monographs
8 Formwo OF Tndio ane othe
9 Referencey hom formulan
casica ex baaks
|o. Plant monogoaphs
 lassmate
Date
Page-

Bio-Lhformatics

Definihoni-Study of iOfrmafion_ prrocess

biotic 6ystem 15 called as Bio-in
inftrrmadfcs.
ducion- n lstR Pauline Hogeweg Coineda
ferm-Bio- informaics firrstl
Dovic Dvector af Naiona Cere for
Lipmann
Bio-tech infoTmation =5 a Father and Mothe
OF Gio-inforrmatics5
The commen activities include mapping and
analyzing Of ONA ancproenSequens

TheBasic bio- infomahics Semice ge classi Se4

byETIDD 3 stages sequence Senrch Sezvice
a MyE Sequence AlignmenE
8 6iolog ica Segyence AnalysiSS

Scope
1 t become an I mPota nt Pgrt of many aared3
OF bialoay lke epeimental bialegy molec

b/o8 bio-intorm atics technig4eS ec

2 o Gele of geneti c genomicss th he
5equencing annoteina genomej nd mutation

Anays7s of gene ond prroteIn expmsion and reaudation

data.
4 Com pdn na
mPdm nd1
G enetics and aenomic
Science
Osed in many reqs of Compute PiDCess
mathe metio and endineei nyto
a bialogical datq.