Unit 1

Working with words

A. Find the words from the text that match with the following meanings.
a. shuffling walking by dragging one’s feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground
b. doodling drawing pictures or patterns while thinking about something else
c. plaque a piece of flat metal with writing on it
d. precept a general rule intended to regulate behaviour or thought
e. sneak move or go in a furtive or stealthy way

B. Consult your teacher and define the following thinking skills.

a. convergent thinking: Convergent thinking is the ability to give correct answers to standard
questions that do not require significant creativity, for example, on standardized multiple-choice
tests which measure intelligence.
b. divergent thinking: Divergent thinking is a thought process which is used to generate
new ideas by exploring many possible solutions. For example, we use divergent thinking to find
ways to earn money.
c. critical thinking: Critical thinking is a kind of thinking in which you analyze and make a
judgment about what you read, hear, say or write. For instance, a student uses critical thinking to
interpret a poem.
d. creative thinking: Creative thinking is the ability to look at things differently and find new
ways of solving problems. For instance, you use creative thinking to decorate a room beautifully.

Grammar
Question tag
B. Rewrite the following sentences adding appropriate question tag.
a. Gill does not know Ann, does she?
b. I’m very patient, aren’t I?
c. They’d never met me before, had they?
d. Listen carefully, will you?
e. Let’s have a break, shall we?
f. Let us invite them, will you?
g. Hari used to live in France as a boy, didn’t he?
h. You’d better not take a hard drink, had you?
i. Sheep eat grass, don’t they?
j. Mr. Pande can speak nine languages, can’t he?
k. She’s finished her classes, hasn’t she?
l. She barely managed to reach the goal, did she?
m. Don’t let him swim in that pond, will you?
n. There are lots of people here, aren’t there?

C. Read the following situations. What do you say in these situations? Use questions tags.
a. The sky is full of cloud. You can see lightning and hear thunder.
It’s going to rain soon, isn’t it?
b. You want to pay the taxi fare but you are short by 100 rupees.
Shyam, you have got 100 rupees, haven’t you?
c. You have met a stranger at a party and you want to have a chat with him/her.
Hello, you are the manager, aren’t you?
d. You came out of the film hall with your friend. You enjoyed the film.
The film was very good, wasn’t it?
e. You and your friend listened to a comedian on the stage and felt spellbound by his/her
performance.
He gave an excellent performance, didn’t he?
f. You think your friend’s father has arrived from the US but you are not sure.
Your father has arrived from the US, hasn’t he?
g. You think Susan will join the new job tomorrow but you are not sure.
Susan will join the new job, won’t she?
h. Your friend’s hair looks too short.
You have got a short haircut, haven’t you?
i. You want to go for a picnic with your friends in class.
Let’s go for a picnic, shall we?
J. You want permission from your father to go for a walk.
Let me go for a walk, will you?

Unit 2

Working with words

A. Find the words from the text and solve the puzzle. Clues are given below.
Across
1. the custom of having more than one wife at the same time: polygamy
5. to find an acceptable way of dealing with opposing ideas, needs, etc.: reconcile
6. the process in which towns, streets, etc. are built where there was once countryside:
urbanization
7. the process by which somebody learns to behave in an acceptable way in their society:
socialization
Down
1. ruled or controlled by men: patriarchal
2. the act of taking over a position: succession
3. done in a way without caring if people are shocked: blatant
4. single-parent: one-parent

B. Find the meanings of the following family-related words and use them in your own
sentences.
(Students should compose their own sentences.)
 nuclear family: a family that consists of father, mother and children
monogamy: the fact or custom of being married to only person at a particular time
sibling-in-law: the brother or sister of one's husband or wife
milk kinship: Milk kinship is a kinship formed between infants who have been
breastfed by the same woman, creating a relationship similar to that of blood relatives
matrilineal: of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line
nepotism: the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for
members of your own family
maternity: the state of being or becoming mother
C. The following words are from the above text. Each word has two parts.
polygamy, unmarried, nontraditional, dissolution, inequitable
poly, un, non, dis and in are prefixes. They make new words when they are added to the
beginning of other root words.

Make at least five words using the prefixes given. Consult a dictionary to learn how they
change the meaning of root words.
pre-, semi-, sub-, mis-, mono-, un-, in-, inter-

(Consult a dictionary on your own to see the changes in meaning.)

1. pre-
preview, preheat, preschool, precaution, prehistoric,
2. semi-
semi-final, semi-automatic, semiskilled, semicircle, semicolon
3. sub-
subatomic, subcommittee, subconscious, subcontinent, subdivision
4. mis-
mislead, misplace, misuse, misbehave, misunderstand
5. mono-
monotone, monopoly, monogamy, monochrome, monolingual
6. un-
unfair, unseen, unkind, uncover, unwanted
7. in-
inactive, injustice, incomplete, indifferent, inaccurate
8. inter-
interact, interface, interlock, interchange, interdependent

Grammar

Modal verbs
B. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
a. ‘How much was your parking ticket?’ ‘Fifty rupees.’ ‘Oh well, it ........... been worse.’
 i. could have
b. It ............. got lost in the post. These things happen sometimes.
ii. might have
c. ‘Sorry, I’m late. I got delayed at work.’ ‘You ............ called. I was really worried about you.’
ii. could have
d. ‘I don’t think he meant to be rude.’ ‘He ............. said sorry.’
ii. might have iii. would have (Both of them are correct.)
e. ‘Whose signature is this?’ ‘I don’t know. It ............. be Manoj’s. That looks a bit like an M.’
ii. could
f. I had it when I left the office so I ............... lost it on the way to home.
ii. must have
g. You ............. think it’s funny, but I think it’s pathetic.
i. might

C. Complete the following sentences with appropriate endings. Use correct modal verbs.
Example: You don’t look well. You...................
You don’t look well. You ought to see a doctor.
a. At the end of the course, you will have a test.
b. If you want to earn a lot of money, you should start a business.
c. You were not in your house yesterday. You must have gone out.
d. I’m quite busy tomorrow. I will be dealing with a couple of important clients.
e. When you were a small kid, you must have been very naughty.
f. My car is broken. I will have it repaired.
g. I’ve got a fast speed internet at home. I can download the file easily.
h. Even though she didn’t study well, she will pass the exam.
i. There are plenty of newspapers in the library. You can read them if you want.
j. What do you think you were doing, playing in the mud? You ought to stay indoors.
k. I have no time. I need to rush.

Unit 3

Working with words

A.
Word Origin Meaning
penalty from Latin poena a punishment for breaking a law, rule or
contract
major from Latin magnus very large or important
stadium from Greek stadion a large sports ground surrounded by rows of
seats and usually other buildings
trophy from French trophée an object such as a silver cup that is given as a
prize for winning a competition
defender from Old French defendeor a person who defends and believes in protecting
 something
anthem from Latin antiphona a song that has a special importance for a
country, an organization or a particular group of
people, and is sung on special occasions
dejection from Latin dejectio a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment
jubilant from Latin jubilant feeling or showing great happiness because of a
success
record from Old French record a written account of something that is kept so
that it can be looked at and used in the future
suave from Latin suavis confident, elegant and polite, sometimes in a
way that does not seem sincere
podium from Greek podion a small platform that a person stands on when
giving a speech or conducting an orchestra, etc.
tournament from Old French a sports competition involving a number of
torneiement teams or players who take part in different
games and must leave the competition if they
lose. The competition continues until there is
only the winner left
reminiscent from Latin reminiscent reminding you of somebody/something
incredible from Latin incredibilis impossible or very difficult to believe
savor from Latin sapor to enjoy the full taste or flavour of sth,
especially by eating or drinking it slowly

B.

Word Definition/Meaning
stump one of the set of three vertical wooden sticks (called the stumps)
crease a white line on the ground near each wicket that marks the position of the
bowler and the batsman
boundary a hit of the ball that crosses the boundary of the playing area and scores extra
points
sixer A shot in which the ball passes over the boundary without touching the
ground, for which the batting team is awarded 6 runs.
googly a ball that is bowled so that it looks as if it will turn in one direction, but
actually turns the opposite way
leg-bye a run scored from a ball that missed the bat but touched part of the batsman’s
body
wicket two sets of three sticks standing in the ground with pieces of wood lying across
the top
maiden an over in which no points are scored
pitch an area of ground prepared and marked for playing a sports game like cricket
power-play Power play in cricket is a pre-determined number of overs where fielding
restrictions are applied.
no-ball a ball that is bowled in a way that is not allowed and which means that a run is
given to the other team
yorker a ball bowled so that it pitches immediately under the bat
C.
/aɪ/ /eɪ/
fine rein
shine rail
why sleigh
height snail
bright break
might fake
five freight
sight game
white claim
by gait
hail
frame
eight

Writing
A.
A lot of people try to get away from home for a few days each year for a holiday. There
are lots of things to choose from, and where you go depends on how much money you have got
to spend. Ideas for holidays include relaxing on a beach, exploring cities and skiing. One man
wanted to go to Australia, but thought he’d never have enough money to get there. He will go to
his brother’s caravan at the seaside instead. A young woman wanted to go clubbing in Ibiza as
she’d heard it’s a lot of fun.

Grammar
B.
a. He is an introvert. He has got very few friends.
b. I am busy in preparing my examinations. I have very little time to give to you.
c. The entire winter season was dry this year. We had little rain.
d. Our town has almost been modernized. There are few old buildings left.
e. You can come today. I haven’t got much to do.
f. The party was crowded. There were too many people.
g. How many photographs did you take while you were in Switzerland?
h. There was little traffic. So, I came in time.
i. Can I borrow few books from you?
j. Mohan can’t be a good teacher. He has little patience.

C.
a. The party split into three factions, each faction headed by a former prime minister.
b. Leap years occur every four years.
c. Every parent worries about their children.
d. We had a great time in Singapore. We enjoyed every minute of our time.
e. I could catch the main idea of his speech, but I didn’t understand each of his words.
f. In Nepal, every motorcycle rider should wear a helmet.
g. You must read each of these books for the exam.

D.
a. Your garden is superb. All of the flowers are beautiful.
b. Do you know Bharat and Kamal? Of course, I do. Both of them are my friends.
c. I bought a box of apples thinking it would be cheaper, but I was mistaken. Some of them were
rotten.
d. When I was in the town I asked some people for direction, but none of them were able to help
me. I had to call my friend.
e. We all were soaked in the rain because none of us had carried an umbrella.
f. My father is healthy in his seventies, but he feels isolated because all of his friends are dead
now.
g. All of the tourists are not Chinese. Some of them are Korean too.

E.
a. Give me the money you owe me.
b. I want a boat which would take me to the island.
c. Could you pour me some water, please?
d. Only few employees know how important the project was.
e. He was looking for an umbrella.
f. A large amount of water was evaporated due to excessive heat.

Unit 4
Working with words
A.
a. I think that covering up the facts is equivalent to lying really.
b. If there is not a substantial move to public transport, we will have gridlock and the whole
regeneration will not work.
c. Each new leader would blame his predecessor for all the evils of the past.
d. We have, in fact, envisioned a better world and have made it happen.
e. The main linear actuators of the pneumatic systems are cylinders.
f. The barrel was short and the bullet emerged at subsonic speed.
g. The city is said to receive two-fifths of the total freight delivered in the country.
h. It would still take four hours to get down, in a spiral of deceleration.
i. Apparently, the magician will be doing some levitation on the stage tomorrow.
j. We might be experiencing some turbulence on this flight due to an approaching electrical
storm.
B.
a. hyper- : hypersensitive, hyperinflation, hyperactive
b. ultra- : ultrasound, ultramarine, ultrasonic
c. up- : upcoming, update, upload
d. over- : overheat, overreact, overcharge
e. multi- : multitask, multicultural, multicolour

Grammar
B.
a. The invitation is for one person. I don’t mind whether you or she comes to the party.
b. Neither the MPs nor the Prime Minister has felt regret for the party split.
c. I don’t care whether he or she wins the lottery.
d. Either the Kantipur or the Republica is used for the advertisement.
e. She speaks in a strange accent. Neither I nor my sister understands her.
f. I forgot whether the singers or the actress was given the Film Fair Award last year.
g. Neither the tracksuit nor the pajamas fit me perfectly.
h. Neither the gas fire nor the electric heaters are suitable for room heating.
C.
Within the state of Arizona, Rob, along with his family, moves frequently, from city to
city. After his arrival, one of his first tasks is to find an apartment close to work as he does not
have a car. Usually, there are many different places to choose from, and he considers cost,
location and luxury. If one apartment has a washing machine and dryer and costs him four
hundred dollars a month, he prefers to rent it over another apartment which has significantly less
rent located two blocks from a Laundromat. Rob’s family never wants to live in an apartment on
the thirteenth floor since all of them fear heights. He also tries to choose an apartment with
landlords recommended by former tenants. Everybody knows that it is important to find a
responsible landlord. Rob and his wife love to cook together when both are free, so he needs
spacious, well-equipped kitchen. Rob often also looks for a place with an air conditioner because
there are so many scorching days and nights in Arizona. Whenever Rob finds a new apartment,
all of his concerns disappear. He feels relieved and calls his mother. Someone understands!

Unit 5
Working with words
A.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’

a. expectantly vi. in a way that shows you are hoping for something, especially
something good or exciting
b. beckon viii. to give signal to somebody to move nearer or to follow you
c. grapple v. to try hard to find a solution to a problem
d. texture ii. the way food or drink tastes or feels in your mouth
e. cobbled vii. having a surface that is made of small round stones
f. flimsy iv. thin and easily torn
g. attire i. clothes, especially fine or formal ones
h. marvelous ix. extremely good; wonderful
i. dynamics iii. the science of the forces involved in movement

B.

Words Meanings
hagiography a book about the life of a person that praises them too much
psychobiography a biography that pays particular attention to a person’s psychological
development
pathography the study of the life of an individual with regard to the influence of a
particular physical or mental condition
 chronicle a written record of events in the order in which they happened
obituary an article about somebody’s life and achievements, that is printed in a
newspaper soon after they have died
character sketch1. a brief written description of a person's qualities
profile 2. a description of somebody that gives useful information about him
memoir 3. an account written by somebody, especially somebody famous, about
their life and experiences

Grammar
A.
a. Although she spoke very fast, I understood what she meant to say.
b. In spite of her hard labour, she failed her exam.
c. Though he had all the required qualifications, he did not get the job.
d. Despite having all the qualifications, he did not get the job.

B.
a. i. Although he is a millionaire, he lives in a simple house.
ii. He lives in a simple house in spite of being a millionaire.
b. i. Though the weather was extremely bad, the pilot landed the plane safely.
ii. The pilot landed the plane safely despite the bad weather.
c. i. Even though we study in the same college, we hardly see each other.
ii. We hardly see each other in spite of studying in the same college.
d. i. Although it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.
ii. We enjoyed our holiday despite the heavy rain.
e. i. Though I had an umbrella, I got wet in the rain.
ii. I got wet in the rain in spite of having an umbrella.
f. i. Even though I was really tired, I could not sleep a moment.
ii. I could not sleep a moment despite my tiredness.
g. i. Although she has a very good accent in English, she failed the interview of a newsreader.
ii. She failed the interview of a newsreader in spite of having a good accent in English.
h. i. Though Lhasa has extremely cold weather in winter, millions of tourists go there in January.
ii. Millions of tourists go to Lhasa in January despite its extremely cold weather in winter.
i. i. Even though he was badly injured in the first round of the boxing match, he was victorious in
the third round.
ii. He was victorious in the third round of the boxing match in spite of being badly injured in
the first round.
C.
a. He passed the exam although he was weak in study.
b. She climbed the mountain in spite of her injury.
c. He did not give any alms to the beggars even though he had plenty of coins in his pocket.
d. In spite of his poor eyesight, he tried to get a driver’s license.
e. She did not accept the invitation though she is very sociable.
f. He did not win the game in spite of his ten attempts.
g. He refused to eat anything despite his hunger.
h. He could not score good grades in the SEE exams in spite of his best attempts.
i. She accepted the job although it did not pay her well.
j. Even though we had planned everything carefully, the celebration did not go well.

Unit 6

Working with words

A.
Words Meanings
a. prominent vi. standing out so as to be seen easily, conspicuous
b. vulnerable iv. exposed to the possibility of being attacked/harmed
c. potentially viii. with the capacity to develop or happen in the future.
d. transaction i. an instance of buying or selling of something.
e. initiatives ii. the power or opportunity to do something before others do.
f. launched iii. to introduce a new plan or product.
g. enduring ix. lasting over a period of time; durable
h. robust v. strong and unlikely to break or fall
B.
QR: Quick Response, ISO: International Organization for Standardization, IEC: International
Electrotechnical Commission, URLs: Uniform Resource Locators, EMVCo: Europay,
Mastercard and Visa Consortium, PIN; Personal Identification Number
C.
short ‘u’ -- put, push, hood, full, bull, foot, look, hook, cook, should, soot, stood
lengthy ‘u:’ -- boom, fool, food, loose, boost, groom, moon, soon, room, soothe

Writing:
A.
It .........day. It ...........in New York. Mr Tim ..... and I ................snow. We ..............year. Mrs
Smith...........day. We .......there, didn’t we?

Grammar:
A.
a. Yes/no question b. Wh-question c. Choice question d. Wh-question e. Choice question
f. Tag question g. Indirect question h. Indirect question
B.
a. Is b. Does c. did d. do e. Did f. you g. Can h. Where
C.
a. Who does Romeo love? / Whom does Romeo love?
b. What did my mother make yesterday?
c. Who was the music composed by?
d. What are you looking for? OR , What am I looking for?
e. What were they talking about?
f. Where did she get the idea from?/ What did she get the idea from?
g. How does she always go to school?
h. How often does she go to the cinema?
i. How long have they been waiting?
D.
a. Where is the Market Street?
b. What time does the bank open?
c. How has he managed to get in shape so quickly?
d. How much does this motorcycle cost these days?
e. Did he leave the car in the park? OR, Had he left the car in the park?
f. Has the train left?
g. Do they speak English well?
h. How can we get to the post office from here?
i. Did I lock the front door?

Speaking
A.
a. lack of necessity b. lack of necessity c. express necessity d. lack of necessity
e. lack of necessity

Unit 7

Working with words

A.
Synonyms of ‘laugh’: chuckle, chortle, crackle, snicker, smile, snigger (sniggle), giggle, grin,
smirk, whoop
Antonyms of ‘laugh’: grimace, frown, pout, scowl, cry, groan, moan, sob
B.
a. fear – vi
b. anger – v
c. surprise – ix
d. disgust – i
e. sadness – ii
f. happiness – iii
g. relief – viii
h. triumph – iv
i. contentment – vii
C.
a. When we meet someone
b. When we laugh uncontrollably
c. After we win something
d. When we think about an interesting event in the past
e. When students face the principal
f. When we see the misery of our enemies
D.
Charge: 1, duty: 2 , laughter: 2, commission: 3, undertaking: 4, responsibility: 6, hilarity: 4,
persistent: 3, infectious: 3, ephemeral: 4

Grammar
B.
a. I sometimes forget to do my homework.
b. My father has never touched an alcoholic drink in his life.
c. My father often goes for a walk on Saturdays.
d. We occasionally go to the movie theatre.
e. My brother is in America. He telephones us from time to time.
f. My mother always gets up at five o’clock.
g. He does not like alcoholic drinks but takes some wine now and then.
h. I generally drink my tea with milk.
i. Have you ever been to Agra?
j. The restaurant hours vary frequently as it is booked for special events.

Speaking
A.
impress: impressive excite: exciting irritate: irritating upset: upsetting
interest: interesting surprise: surprising offend: offensive shock: shocking
confuse: confusing amuse: amusing attract: attractive disgust: disgusting

Unit 8
Working with words
A.
a. embarrassment b. teetering c. dragging d. outskirts e. wrapped f. abundance
g. ordinary
C.
neighbour + hood = neighbourhood (noun) comfort + able = comfortable (adjective)
shop + er = shopper (noun) husk + y = husky (adjective)
squeamish + ness = squeamishness change + able = changeable (adjective)
shine + y = shiny (adjective) colloquial + ly = colloquially (adverb)
collect + ive = collective (adjective) embarrass + ment = embarrassment (noun)
persuade + er = persuader (noun) type + ical = typical (adjective)
differ + ence = difference (noun) ship + ment = shipment (noun)
tropic + ical = tropical (adjective) drive + er = driver (noun)
reside + ence = residence (noun) brother + hood = brotherhood (noun)
fresh + ly = freshly (adverb)
D.
sewage: Used water and waste substance that are produced by human bodies, that are carried
away from houses through special pipes.
sludge: Industrial or human waste that has been treated.
organic waste: Organic waste is any material that is biodegradable and comes from either a
plant or an animal or a human, like food waste etc.
inorganic waste: Inorganic waste is a type of waste that does not contain organic compounds.
methane: A gas without colour or smell which burns easily and is used for fuel.
waste reduction: Waste reduction is anything that reduces waste by using less material in the
first place.
monofil: a type of landfill used for waste tyres
market waste: waste generated in markets
incineration: the destruction of something by burning
hazardous waste: Hazardous waste is a waste that is dangerous or harmful to humans or the
environment.
Grammar
B.
a. much bigger b. far more exciting c. a bit warm/warmer d. better
e. considerably higher f. expensive g. far more complicated
h. a bit more slowly i. a bit neater
C.
a. intelligent as he pretends. b. as busy today as I was yesterday.
c. lived in Kathmandu more than Hari has. d. study as much as I used to.
e. best f. more than he earns.
g. highest h. far as I thought.
i. play as well as Bharat does.

Unit 9
Working with words
A.
a. Logging b. wake-up call c. Propane d. debris e. transformation
f. resolution g. stint h. detrimental i. occasional j. Redwood
B.
rattlesnake, sunlight, touchdown, moonlight, daydream, firelight, watermelon, basketball,
passport, washcloth, weatherman, grandmother, crosswalk
C.
a. ii b. i c. iv d. x e. iii f. vii g. vi h. ix i. viii j. v

Grammar
B.
a. vi b. iii c. i d. viii e. v f. ii g. iv h. vii
C.
a. The principal told Rita that she could phone from his office.
OR, The principal allowed Rita to phone from his office.
OR, The principal addressed the listener as Rita and said that she could phone from his office.
b. The teacher advised the student that he did not have to neglect his duty.
OR, The teacher advised the student not to neglect his duty.
c. The student requested the listener/principal to grant him a leave for two days.
d. I warned her to go to school or she would be fined.
e. The headmaster ordered/asked the boys not to make any noise.
f. The old man advised the listener to work hard if he wanted to rise in life.
g. He bade his friends goodbye.
h. She wished me to have a pleasant journey ahead.
i. Sharmila requested not to give her the book.
j. She asked on the telephone where I had been those days.
k. The teacher asked the students if they had submitted their assignments.
D.
had was getting married they were going was all going to be was a photographer
would take would be having his mum was baking the cake for them
was playing free for them
 Unit 10

Working with words

A.
a. competence b. professional c. opportunity d. achievement e. position f. redundant
g. consultant h. verification i. referee j. imperative
B.
volunteering: doing something without being paid for it
on the job training: training given to an employee on the job
career opportunity: Career opportunity refers to a particular job that may be a stepping stone to
a greater opportunity./ Opportunity for a good career
skill development: Skill development is a process of identifying your skill gap and ensuring you
develop these skills./ Development of skills
apprenticeship: a period of time working as an apprentice or a job as an apprentice
career counselling: Career counseling is a process that will help you know and understand
yourself and the world of work in order to make career, educational, and life decisions.
credentials: Letters, badges and other official identification that confirms somebody’s position
or status.
human capital: the skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population,
viewed in terms of their value to an organization or country
internship: a period of time during which a student or a new graduate gets practical experience
in a job
soft skills: Soft skills include attributes and personality traits that help employees interact with
others and succeed in the workplace
minimum wage: the lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement
recruitment: the action of enlisting new people in a job or in the armed forces
role model: a person looked to by others as an example to be imitated
aptitude: a natural ability to do something
assessment: the action of assessing (evaluating) someone or something
C.
here: fear, beer, ear, leer, cheer, sheer, shear, tear (n), mere, deer, dear, clear, sneer, gear
hare: fare, fair, bear, bare, care, heir, air, share, lair, chair, share, tear (v), mare, dare, snare

Grammar
B:
a. will not get b. closed down c. rains d. had found e. would have been
f. will not pass g. is h. deposit i. would you have done
j. would you live
C.
a. If the driver had not been talking on the phone, the accident would not have happened.
b. If there was anyone at home, the lights would not be off.
c. If he were not an educated person, he would not have subscribed to the ‘The Kathmandu Post’.
d. If he had not put the helmet on, his head would have been injured in the accident.
e. If he had not passed the exam, he would not have given a heavy treat to his friends.
f. If you had taken breakfast, you would not be hungry now.
g. If he were not a doctor, he would not be wearing the white gown.
h. If she were not rich, she would not drive a Mercedes.
i. If I had known it was only half a kilometer from my house, I would not have booked a ride.
j. If he had not hidden something in his mind, he would look fresh.

Unit 11
Working with words
A.
a. undulation b. replicate c. dilapidated d. sheen e. listlessness f. tumult g. solitary
h. revere i. obliquely
B.
sophisticated: having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture and
other things that people think are socially important
conscious: aware of something
blistering: extremely hot in a way that is uncomfortable
proximity: the state of being near somebody
invisible: that cannot be seen

Grammar
Passive Voice
B.
a. I want to be loved by someone. / Someone is wanted by me to love me.
b. Our house was broken into by someone while we were on holiday.
c. I don’t like being stared at by people.
d. Is it true that your car was stolen by someone?
e. The cat enjoys being tickled by someone.
f. Would the window be opened by Swostika?
g. Was the crime confessed by them?
h. He thinks that Jennie is being taught by someone.
i. Sabina hates being laughed at by people.
C.
a. The number thirteen is thought to be unlucky by English people.
b. Actually, I am having a suit made. They will give it tomorrow.
c. It needs to be cleaned.
d. The factory at the corner is rumoured to be manufacturing bombs.
e. Silajit from Jumla is believed to cure all indigestion problems.
f. Changu Narayan temple is claimed to be the oldest temple in Nepal.
g. B: Thank you. I am not a mechanic, and I will get it repaired soon.
h. The criminal is suspected to have left the country.
i. B: I am going to the stationery to get my document photocopied.
j. The leader is alleged to have embezzled millions of rupees.

Unit 12
Working with words
A.
a. ii. descendents b. i. Twirl c. i. glycoproteins d. iii. Lectins e. i. Polyps
f. iii. Predation g. i. Anemone h. ii. finicky i. ii. nudibranch j. i. medusa
B.
arthropod: An invertebrate animal such as an insect, spider or crab that has its skeleton on the
outside of its body and has joints on its legs.
gastropod: A mollusc such as a snail or slug that moves on one large foot.
biomass: the total quantity or mass (weight) of plants and animals in a particular area or volume
calcification: the hardening of tissue or other material by the deposition of or conversion into
calcium carbonate or some other insoluble calcium compounds
metamorphosis: The process in which somebody or something changes completely into
something different.
sturgeon: A large sea and freshwater fish that lives in northern regions.

Grammar
Passive voice
A.
a. Volleyball is played in every country.
b. Spaghetti is cooked in boiling water.
c. Each lesson is followed by an exercise.
d. Taxes are included in the price.
e. Extensive information is found on the internet.
f. Our order was taken by the waiter.
g. The schedule will be distributed among the participants.
h. Footprint was found by the police.
i. The sandcastles were built by the children.
j. The window was not going to be opened by the father.
OR, The window was not being opened by the father. (The first one is better.)
B.
a. Call the ambulance! Two boys have been injured in a motorbike accident.
b. The clock has been used since the 17the century.
c. I had to wait outside the classroom while the classroom was being cleaned.
d. The problem is being discussed by the subject specialists at the moment.
e. By the time I came back, the task had been finished.
OR, By the time I came back, the task was finished. (The first one is better.)
f. Women are said to be happier than men.
g. Look! The house is being destroyed by the fire.
h. The other three reports will have been submitted by next month.
i. Many people were rescued from the floods by the security persons this year.
j. The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious damage.

Unit 13

Working with words

A.
a. iv b. viii c. x d. i e. ix f. ii g. vi h. v i. iii j. vii
B.
architect: An architect is an engineer who designs buildings and advises in their construction.
civil engineer: A civil engineer is an engineer who designs, builds and repairs roads, bridges,
canals, and similar structures.
mechanical engineer: A mechanical engineer is an engineer who designs, builds and repairs
machines.
aerospace engineer: Aerospace engineers design, build and repair aircraft, spacecraft, satellites
and missiles.
automobile engineer: Automobile engineers design, develop, and test vehicles or vehicle
components.
electronic engineer: Electronic engineers create, design and develop everyday devices such as
mobile phones, music devices and computers.
electrical engineer: Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture of
electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar systems, communications systems, or power
generation equipment.
computer engineer: Computer engineers evaluate, design, and maintain computer hardware and
software systems.
food engineer: Food engineers design and develop systems for production, processing,
distributing, and storing food and agricultural materials.
chemical engineer: Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and
math to solve problems in the production or use of chemicals, fuel, drugs, food, and many other
products.
biomedical engineer: Biomedical engineers focus on advances in technology and medicine
to develop new devices and equipment for improving human health.

Grammar
A.
a. in, in, on – prepositions b. in, at – prepositions c. across – preposition
d. along – preposition e. above – preposition f. among – preposition
g. during – preposition h. with – preposition i. at – preposition

B.
a. The relationship between the two boys has changed significantly over the past few years.
b. In Nepal, many girls get married at an early age.
c. I’m not in the mood for such silly games.
d. There were no security personnel on duty at that time.
e. The new smartphone is similar to the one I bought a few years ago.
f. My dad insisted on taking the later train.
g. People with ambition always try to achieve their goals, no matter what happens.
h. Mr Jenkins has been disabled all his life as a result of a childhood illness.
i. We bought the TV because it was on sale.
j. She has no understanding of how computers really work.
k. I gave him my new T-shirt in exchange for a few cigarettes.
l. The company is run by two people who hardly ever meet.
m. All the celebrations and parties were called off because of the tragic accident.
n. There was a great need for volunteers at the site of the crash.
C.
What are we seeing here? One very real possibility is that these are the educational consequences
of the differences in parenting styles that we talked about in the Chris Langan chapter. Think
back to Alex Williams, the nine-year-old whom Annette Lareau studied. His parents believe in
concerted cultivation. He gets taken to museums and gets enrolled in special programs and goes
to summer camp, where he takes classes. When he’s bored at home, there are plenty of books to
read, and his parents see it as their responsibility to keep him actively engaged in the world
around him. It’s hard to see how Alex would get better at reading and math in the summer.

Simple future, future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous
B.
a. Who will pass the exam?
b. How will you be getting home?
c. I will come later.
d. She will have caught the train by 3 pm.
e. It will rain tomorrow.
f. John will be sleeping at 4 am.
g. How long will you have been seeing your boyfriend when you get married?
h. It will be raining in Kathmandu next week.
i. How long will you have been working here when you retire?
j. He will not have finished the cleaning by the time she gets home.

C.
a. It will snow in Brighton tomorrow evening.
b. On Friday at 8 o’clock, I will be meeting my friend.
c. Wait! I will drive you to the station.
d. When they get married in March, they will have been together for six years.
e. You’re carrying too much. I will open the door for you.
f. Do you think the teacher will have marked our homework by Monday morning?
g. When I see you tomorrow, I will show you my new book.
h. After you take a nap, you will feel a lot better.
i. I will let you know the second the builders finish decorating.
j. We will wait in the shelter until the bus comes.
k. I’m very sorry, Dr. Jones will not be back in the clinic until 2 pm.
l. This summer, I will have been living in Birgunj for four years.
m. I don’t think you will have any problems when you land in Pokhara.
n. The baby should be due soon, next week she will have been pregnant for nine months.
o. By the time we get home, they will have played football for 30 minutes.
p. When you get off the train, I will be waiting for you by the ticket machine.
q. This time next week, I will be skiing in Switzerland!
r. Now, I will check my answers.

Speaking
C.
a. It could be a good idea, but I doubt it.
b. It’s definitely going to happen.
c. There’s fifty percent chance of rain in the afternoon.
d. There’s a slight possibility of rain.
e. It might as well break down.

Unit 14

Working with words

A.
despair – hope, kind – cruel, fresh – stale, strange – familiar, normal – eccentric, fierce – gentle,
selfish – generous, corrupt – honest
B.
into noun – open-mindedness, accommodation, rehearsal, transgression, anger, mixture
into adjective – painful, different, behaved, remarkable, indifferent, thoughtful
into verb – lessen, ensure, realize, glorify, empower, imprison

Grammar
A.
a. The doorbell rang while Bibha Kumari was doing her homework.
b. When I heard the telephone ring, I picked it up.
c. Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note while she was washing her pants.
d. Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker while he was visiting the market yesterday.
e. When I was at the Butcher’s shop, I met Harikala.
f. A thief stole the jewels while the sales agent was dealing with the customer.
g. I played chess with my father while my small brother was sleeping.
h. The old lady fell down while she was climbing up the stairs.
i. While the leader was giving a speech loudly, he lost his voice.
j. Kanchan broke her backbone while she was lifting up the load.
B.
a. We didn’t go for a morning walk today because it was raining.
b. I wanted to go home early as I was not feeling well.
c. My brother stayed at home owing to his illness.
d. I was late in the class because of traffic jam.
e. He didn’t like dogs. So, he was not happy when his wife brought a puppy home.
f. He was not included in the team due to his knee injury.
g. Since I was tired, I went to bed early.
h. He was very unhappy as he lost one million rupees in share market.
i. We cancelled our trip to Rara Lake owing to the bad weather.
j. The two lines intersect with each other because they are not parallel lines.

Unit 15
Working with words
A.
Across
1. outdated, of or relating to the Middle Ages:
3. the character and atmosphere of a place:
6. highly decorated:
7. beat with a strong, regular rhythm; survive:
10. with the agreement of all people involved:
11. the destructive effects of something:
Down
1. a large city:
2. wandering from place to place without any purpose:
4. an unpleasant place; a place of extreme misery:
5. an active revolt or uprising:
8. paved with cobbles:
9. prosperous and growing; flourishing:
B.
amenities: features that make a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in
exquisite: extremely beautiful or carefully made
etiquette: the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society
accommodation: a place to live, work or stay in
mainstay: a person or thing that is the most important part of something and enables it to exist
or be successful.
antique: old and valuable
C.
a. The cat sat lazily on the dirty mat. b. She gives performances on the stage beautifully.
c. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. d. I came I saw I conquered.
e. It is my life, my very identity.

Grammar
A.
a. He has obtained full marks. b. More than two boys were absent.
c. One of the boys was not found there. d. His wonder knew no bounds.
e. I give you my word. f. He gave me much good advice.
g. He gave wrong information. h. Give me two dozen eggs.
i. Six miles is a long distance. j. The clock has struck four hour.
k. Would you lend me a ten rupee note? l. Nepal government makes five year plan.
m. They went to Singapore on a four day trip.
B.
a. All my books are lost. b. Both his brothers are ill.
c. Give (me) a hundred rupees. d. Everybody except me was absent.
e. He died of fever. f. It has been raining for a week.
g. I saw my friend long ago. h. My friend had gone out before I arrived.
i. He said he had never seen him before. j. He assured he would come.

Unit 16

Working with words

A.
a. snappy – iii. irritable and inclined to speak sharply.
b. discretion – vi. the ability to behave without causing embarrassment or attracting too much
attention
c. radiant – vii. showing great happiness, love or health
d. irresolute – viii. not able to decide what to do
e. brusque – x. using very few words and sounding rude
f. fitful – ii. happening only for short periods
g. harlequin – ix. a humorous character in some traditional plays
h. lull – v. a quiet period between times of activity
i. janitress – i. a lady whose job is to take care of a building such as a school or a block of flats
j. speck – iv. a very small spot
B.
a. Liquidity: assets that can easily be converted into cash
b. IPO: Initial Public Offering (the act of selling shares in a company for the first time)
c. NEPSE: Nepal Stock Exchange
d. index: In finance, index typically refers to a statistical measure of change in a securities
market.
e. portfolio: a set of shares owned by a particular person or organization
f. dividend: an amount of the profits that a company pays to people who own shares in that
company
g. turnover: Share turnover is a measure of stock liquidity, calculated by dividing the total
number of shares traded during some period by the average number of shares outstanding for the
same period.
h. margin: Margin is the money borrowed from a broker to purchase an investment and is the
difference between the total value of an investment and the loan amount.
C.
a. see b. saved c. hare d. saw e. book f. past g. sale h. bowl i. torn j. dog

Grammar
Relative Clause
A.
a. I snatched a minute when things had slackened a minute.
b. Instead of going straight into the adjoining room, where her desk was, she lingered slightly
irresolute in the outer office.
c. She was beautiful in a way that was decidedly stenographic.
B.
a. There is a lady whose wallet has been stolen.
b. Do you know the man who sold these glasses?
c. The knife which you cut the bread with is very sharp.
d. Why do you blame him for everything that goes wrong?
e. A cemetery is a place where dead bodies are buried.
f. This school is for those whose mother tongue is not Nepali.
g. I don’t know the name of the person whom I spoke over the telephone.
h. I came to Kathmandu on the day when the devastating earthquake took place.
i. In the application form she wrote that she needed a good payment.
j. The pilot explained why he made forced landing on the road.
C.
a. The building which was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.
b. A new cricket stadium is being made in Chitwan that accommodate one hundred thousand
people.
c. Shanghai, where I stayed for five years, is the most populated city in the world.
d. This is the man who I gave some money to this morning.
e. Do you know the man whose son was awarded in the school yesterday?
f. His step-mother, who he had been staying with, was not very kind to him.
g. He can never forget Nakkhu Jail where he had spent 14 years.
h. He showed me his new tab which he had paid a hundred thousand rupees for.
i. Nelson Mandela joined ANC in 1930s when he was a student.
j. She forgot to buy the things which her mother had told to buy.

Unit 17
Working with words
A.
a. iii. a loud and confused noise b. i. not securely c. ii. examination
d. iv. hid somewhere secretly e. ii. characteristics of English f. i. commonplace remarks
B.
veranda: a platform with an open front and a roof, built onto the side of a house on the ground
floor.
khaki: a dull greenish or yellowish brown colour
pashmina: a long piece of cloth made of fine soft wool from a type of goat and worn by a
woman around the shoulders
pajamas: a loose jacket and pants/trousers worn in bed
pukka: of very good quality
pundit: a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and who often talks about it in
public
avatar: a god appearing in a physical form
bangle: a piece of jewellery in the form of a large ring of gold, silver, etc. worn loosely around
the wrist
cheetah: a wild animal of the cat family, with black spots, that runs very fast
guru: a Hindu or Sikh religious teacher or leader
jungle: a area of tropical forest where trees and plants grow very thickly
karma: (in Buddhism and Hinduism) the sum of somebody’s good and bad actions in one of
their lives, believed to decide what will happen to them in the next life
nirvana: (in the religion of Buddhism) the state of peace and happiness that a person achieves
after giving up all personal desires
shampoo: a liquid soap that is used for washing your hair
raita: an Indian dish of finely chopped raw vegetables mixed with yogurt
C.
a. changeable, changing, changed, changeless
b. timely, timing, timed, timeless
c. noticeable, noticing, noticed
d. praiseworthy, praising, praised
e. homeless, homing, homely
D.
Monophthongs Example Words Diphthongs Example words
/i:/ sheep/ʃiːp/, keep /kiːp/ /eɪ/ late /leɪt/, fate /feɪt/
/ɪ/ ship /ʃɪp/, pip /pɪp/ /əʊ/ go /ɡəʊ/, mow /məʊ/
/e/ bed /bed/, red /red/ /aɪ/ light /laɪt/, fight /faɪt/
/æ/ bad /bæd/, fat /fæt/ /aʊ/ cow /kaʊ/, how /haʊ/
/ɑː/ car /kɑː(r)/, far /fɑː(r)/ /ɔɪ/ boy /bɔɪ/, coy /kɔɪ/
/ɒ/ hot /hɒt/, cot /kɒt/ /ɪə/ dear /dɪə(r)/, fear /fɪə(r)/
/ɔː/ law /lɔː/, raw /rɔː/ /eə/ fair /feə(r)/, care /keə(r)/
/ʊ/ book /bʊk/, took /tʊk/ /ʊə/ tour /tʊə(r)/, lure /lʊə(r)/
/uː/ boot /buːt/, root /ruːt/
/ʌ/ luck /lʌk/, buck /bʌk/
/i/ happy /ˈhæpi/, nappy /ˈnæpi/
/ɜː/ girl /ɡɜːl/, swirl /swɜːl/
/ə/ the /ðə/, again /əˈɡen/

Grammar
B.
Different forms of past tenses have been used in the passage to indicate different situations in the
past.
C.
It was Sunday afternoon. I was watching a cookery programme on TV when I realised how
hungry I was. But of course, I was hungry; I hadn’t eaten anything since lunch, and I had run a
race in the morning. “Biscuits!” I thought. My mother had given me a jar of delicious home-
made biscuits.
I went into the kitchen, opened the fridge and poured some milk in a big glass. Then I looked for
the kitchen chair, but it wasn’t there: somebody had taken it away. And there were no biscuits in
the biscuit jar: somebody had eaten them all! I was sure I had put the jar there the previous day
and I had eaten only one cookie. It was very strange.
A few minutes later, I was drinking my glass of milk when I heard a loud noise coming from the
dining room. I went there quickly and I opened the door. I couldn’t believe my eyes. An
enormous monkey was eating the biscuits excitedly on the kitchen chair.
D.
a. She played the flute and then she sang in their choir.
OR She had played the flute and then she sang in their choir.
b. I borrowed Rima’s car. Did you know about it?
c. After the lesson had finished, we ran out of school.
d. Had you been there? – Yes, the previous year.
e. Did you like my article published in the Himalayan Times yesterday?
f. I recognized him because I had seen him before.
g. I didn’t go out because I hadn’t finished my homework.
h. We did nothing like this at that time.
i. It was quite difficult. I had no idea what to do.
j. As far as I knew, she had always had some pets.
k. When I met Jim, he had already been a soldier for three years.
l. He went to the coffee because somebody had told him.
 Unit 18
Working with words
A.
a. misanthrope b. tinnitus c. autopsy d. quintet e. meningitis f. distraction g. deterioration
h. impercipient i. hyperacusis j. syphilis
B.
wind instruments stringed instruments percussion instruments
trumpet, harmonica, violin, viola, cello, double drum, cymbal, tabla, bell,
clarinet, conch, trombone, bass, harp tambourine,

C.
rock music: a type of loud popular music, developed in the 1960s, with a strong beat played on
electric guitars and drums
pop music: popular music of the sort that has been popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong
rhythm and simple tunes
hip hop: a type of popular music with spoken words and a steady beat played on electronic
instruments, originally played by young African Americans
jazz: a type of music with strong rhythms, in which the players often improvise (make up the
music as they are playing), originally created by African American musicians
folk music: music in the traditional style of a country or community
classical music: music that is considered to be part of a long, formal tradition and to
have lasting value
blues: a type of slow sad music with strong rhythms, developed by African American musicians
in the southern US
heavy metal: a type of rock music with a very strong beat played very loud on electric guitars
gospel music: Christian religious music that is sung in a blues style, especially by African
Americans.
country music: a type of music in the style of the traditional music of the southern and western
US
grunge: a type of loud rock music, which was popular in the early 1990s
breakbeat: a series of drum beats that are repeated to form the rhythm of a piece of dance music
reggae: a type of popular music with strong rhythms, developed in Jamaica in the 1960s
disco: popular dance music characterized by hypnotic rhythm, repetitive lyrics, and
electronically produced sounds
dubstep: a type of electronic dance music

Grammar
Prepositions
A.
a. Over seventy-three million Americans suffer from deafness.
b. He did not admit to his deafness for another three years.
c. The hearing crisis allowed him to listen to inner sounds without distraction.
B.
a. I was accompanied to the hospital by my friend.
b. I have great respect for my teachers.
c. The culprit was sentenced to death.
d. His arguments are not based on truth.
e. He has not contributed to the development of our nation.
f. He died of Corona at the age of thirty-five.
g. The young generation of Nepali people don’t take interest in politics.
h. Our village was not infected with Corona.
i. Why do you sneer at me?
C.
a. The classes will be over by 5 PM.
b. Karma Sherpa reached the top of Mt. Everest in 8 hours.
c. We had met after five years. So, we kept on talking until three in the morning.
d. She has been living in America since she got married.
e. He has been playing video game for ten hours.
f. She practices the Sitar every day for five hours.
g. He lived in Jumla until he passed high school examinations.
h. There is no chance of dry weather even today. It has rained since last Saturday.
i. I can type 120 words in a minute.
j. We take an early breakfast. It’s generally ready by six in the morning.

Unit 19
Working with words
A.
a. sojourner b. transnational c. remittance d. assimilation e. misnomer f. confer
g. dormant h. persecution
B.
b.
b. ribbon: /b/, filled: /d/, phone: /f/, often: /f/, ghost: /g/, who: /h/, back: /k/, edge: /dʒ/,
jellyfish: /dʒ/, Christmas: /k/, acclaim: /k/, spell: /l/, summer: /m/, sink: /ŋ/, tongue: /ŋ/,
happy: /p/, wrong: /r/, sun: /s/, batter: /t/, five: /v/, why: /w/, yellow: /j/, treasure: /ʒ/,
cheese: /tʃ/, shark: /ʃ/, thief: /θ/, feather: /ð/
c.
voiced sounds: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/
voiceless sounds: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /h/, /w/, /j/
C. In the following list, the stressed syllables have been underlined, and the number of syllables
is on the right. (British pronunciation has been followed.)
Words Number of syllables
certificate 4
holiday 3
zoology 4
photographic 4
geography 4
curiosity 5
mechanically 4
characteristics 5
 examination 5
negotiation 5
paraphrase 3
paradoxically 5
territoriality 7

Grammar
Would/Used to
A.
She travelled a lot. – She used to travel a lot, but now she rarely leaves her town.
She drinks coffee. – She used to take tea, but now she drinks coffee.
She was lazy. – She used to be lazy, but now she is very active.
She works hard. – She didn’t use to work hard, but now she does.
She didn’t like junk food. – She didn’t use to like junk food, but now she does.
She has limited friends. – She used to have many friends, but now she has limited ones.
She’d got a pet. – She used to have a pet, but now she has none.
She is a professor. – She used to be a simple girl, but now she is a professor.
She was a school teacher. – She used to be a school teacher, but now she is a minister.
She does not attend parties. – She used to attend parties a lot, but now she doesn’t.
She had got many friends. – She used to have many friends, but now she has none.
Her pet died last year. – She used to have a pet last year, but now she doesn’t have any.
She didn’t read many books. – She didn’t use to read much, but now she is an avid reader.
She reads a lot of books. – She didn’t use read much, but now she reads a lot of books.
She didn’t take coffee. – She didn’t use to take coffee, but now she does.
She eats momo and noodles these days.—She didn’t use to eat momo and noodles, but now she
does.
She went to parties a lot. – She used to go to parties a lot, but now she rarely does.
She rarely leaves her town. – She used to travel a lot, but now she rarely leaves her town.
B.
a. My sister used to have short hair when she was young.
b. We would have lunch in the same school café when I was in middle school.
c. My father used to play badminton before he had backbone problem.
d. When I was very young, I didn’t use to like milk.
e. She would call me after class for a chat.
f. My mother didn’t use to wear glasses when she was at the university.
g. When I was a child, we used to live in a village.
h. On Sundays, my mother would wake up and go to the temple.
i. How many friends did you use to have in class ten?
j. My father would always read me bedtime stories before bed.
Unit 20
Working with words
A.
a. reluctance b. repressive c. mutilation d. ghettoized e. herstory f. genital g. hysterectomy
h. paranoid i. eventration
B.
Verb Noun Adjective
commit commitment committed
nurture nurturance nurtured
legitimize legitimization legitimized
sterilize sterilization sterilized
oppress oppression oppressed
allude allusion alluding
defend defensiveness defensive
victimize victimization victimized

C.
racism: unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race
lesbian: a woman who is sexually attracted to other women
radical: new, different and likely to have a great effect
feminist: a person who supports the belief that women should have the same rights and
opportunities as men
patriarchy: a society, system or country that is ruled or controlled by men
D.
a. Fluffy went flip-flop all over the floor.
b. The whites sing a song about the striking stars.
c. Here are some flowers and a flask of tea of your favourite flavour.
d. Smita fell ill with flu.
e. My friend is frightened of frogs.
f. Thumbelina stumbled out of the green bush.
g. She heard a rumble and a cry.
h. ‘Climb up’, said Tom.
i. Freedom needs to be strived for.
j. Children were munching crunchy French fries.

Grammar
Adjective order
B.
a. an old foreign car b. a beautiful white dress c. a nice tall young man
d. a big black wooden desk e. a delicious Italian pizza f. a huge brown bear
g. a purple cotton sleeping bag h. a beautiful old Indian village i. a cute little kitten
j. an expensive antique table
C.
a. I bought a comfortable new red scooter.
b. She reached home and sat on her relaxing old wooden chair.
c. We ate some delicious Chinese food.
d. I need some delicious round golden apples.
e. We like to live in a calm unmediated remote place for some time.
f. She is wearing a beautiful old silver ring.
g. I am looking for a stylish golden Japanese watch.
h. She dropped an attractive old china cup and smashed it.
i. He wants to marry an educated pretty young rustic girl.
j. We stayed in a luxurious new five star hotel in Dubai.

The End