Front Page i

Certificate ii
Candidates Decleration iii
Acknowledgement iv

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. OBJECTIVE 3
3. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
4. PROBLEM FORMULATION AND PROPOSED METHODOLOGY. 5-6
5. LIST OF COMPONENTS AND KEY PARTS 7-20
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24
7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 25
8. REFERENCES 25

1
 INTRODUCTION

Now a days the home safety detection system plays the important role for the security
of people.Since all the people from the home goes to work on daily bases, it makes
impossible to check on the appliances available at home specially LPG gas cylinder,
wired circuits, Etc. Since last three years there is a tremendous hike in the demands of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas. To meet this access amount of demand
for energy and replace oil or coal due to their environmental disadvantage, LPG and
natural gas are preferred.These gases are mostly used on large scale in industry,
heating, home appliances and motor fuel. So as to track this leakage gas, the system
includes MQ6 gas sensor. This sensor senses the amount of leak gas present in the
surrounding atmosphere.Through this, explosion or getting affected by the leakage of
gas could be avoided.

2
 OBJECTIVE

The design of a sensor-based automatic gas leakage detector with an alert and control
system has been proposed.This is anaffordable, less power using, lightweight,
portable, safe, user friendly, efficient, multi featured and simple system device for
detecting gas.Gas leakage detection will not only provide us with significance in the
health department but it will also lead to raise our economy, because when gas leaks it
not only contaminates the atmosphere, but also wastage of gases will hurt our
economy. The need for ensuring safety in workplaces is expected to be the key
driving force for the market over the coming years.

3
 LITERATURE REVIEW

We did a research over the possible sources that we could access. In our exploration,
we did find the authors: Luay Friwan, Khaldon Lweesy, Aya Bani-Salma and Nour
Mani, who presented a paper titled “A Wireless Home Safety Gas Leakage Detection
System” in the year 2011, November. They proposed to detect gas with the use of a
sensor. This gas sensor senses the changes in gas. Upon detection of a change, it
activates the alarm and sends a signal to the receiver. In addition to it, another paper
titled “Development of multipurpose gas leakage and fire alarm system” was
proposed in the year 2013, by the authors Nivedita S and Padmavathy A. The
ideology of this paper was to give indications of gas or smoke leakage with the help
of LED, gas sensors and relay.
Many Systems similar have been proposed earlier by different authors and researchers
and that has helped us to improve the gas safety issue in our every day to day lives.
But there were no steps taken to prevent the accident in case of leakage. A lot of
people would prefer to go with quote ‘prevention is better than cure’. Our system
uses MQ6 gas sensor to detect inflammable gas leakage and LM35 temperature sensor
which will sense the sudden rise in temperature than above the room
temperature.When gas leakage is detected, our device could inform the user, alert
them, provide solution from suffocation in that area, and ultimately prevent the leak
from further effects. This makes easy for both the commercial as well as domestic
sector to keep track onthe problems faced on daily basis.Hence, we have a cure and a
curb to treat gas leakage.

4
 PROBLEM FORMULATION

Gas leakage is nothing but the leak of any gaseous molecule from a stove, or a
pipeline, or cylinder etc. This can occur either purposefully or even unintendedly. As we are
aware that these kinds of leaks are dangerous to our health, and when it becomes explosive it
could cause great danger to the people, home, workplace, industry and the environment.
Few of the major incidents that took place due to gas leakage include the Bhopal
Disaster and the Vizag Gas leak. The Bhopal disaster is known to be the worst industrial
accident ever. Approximately 45 tons of Methyl Isocyanate was leaked from this insecticide
plant. Methyl Isocyanate is an organic compound and a chemical that could come from the
carbamate pesticides. This colorless, poisonous and flammable liquid is something that
human beings have to be away from.
Vizag Gas leak was a resultant of the escape of styrene that were unattended for a
long period. This colorless oily liquid can spread in fumes. So, a detector must be made in
such a way that could detect any kind of gas, fume, leak, smoke etc. However harmful and
dangerous it can be, the detector could be attached with certain parameters that could help to
prevent the issue.

5
 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Our device consists of three main parts.

Detection System
This part consists of a gas sensor MQ5 and this will continuously monitor the gas
concentration.

Prevention System
This part consists of a special type of Gas valve that we will be designing that will be similar
to present regular valves but a servo motor will be attached to its control knob to allow
automatic and as well as manual control. A connection to the exhaust fan and window is
made, in which the sensor would make it run in case of gas detection. All these parts will be
interfaced with Arduino Uno which will be controlling the whole device.

6
LIST OF COMPONENTS

S. No Name of the component Quantity

1 Arduino board 1
2 MQ-5 LPG CNG Sensor 1
3 Exhaust fan 1
5 Relay 1
6 Arduino uno cable 1
7 Jumper wires 1
8 Buzzer 1
9 5V DC Fan 1
10 Battery 1

KEY PARTS

Arduino:

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.

It consists of a microcontroller board, software IDE (Integrated Development Environment),
and a community of users and developers. Arduino boards are designed to be simple and easy
to use, even for those who have no prior experience with electronics or programming.

One of the key features of Arduino boards is their use of digital and analog pins. These pins
allow users to interface with a wide range of sensors, actuators, and other electronic
components.

7
 Figure 2.1 Arduino Uno R3

Here is a brief overview of the pin descriptions on Arduino boards

These pins can be used for both input and output. They can read digital signals (either HIGH
or LOW) from sensors or other devices, and they can also send digital signals to control
LEDs, motors, and other output devices.

8
Arduino Uno Pin Diagram

Most Arduino boards have 14 digital pins, numbered 0-13.

Analog Pins:

These pins can be used to read analog signals from sensors, such as light sensors or
temperature sensors. Analog signals are continuous signals that can have any value within a
range.
Most Arduino boards have 6 analog pins, labeled A0-A5.
PWM Pins:

PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation, and these pins allow users to create analog-like
output using digital signals. By rapidly turning a pin on and off, the average voltage can be
adjusted to create a range of analog values.
Many of the digital pins on Arduino boards can also be used as PWM pins.
Other Pins:

In addition to the digital, analog, and PWM pins, Arduino boards may have other pins
dedicated to specific functions. For example, some boards have pins for I2C communication,
SPI communication, or serial communication. These pins allow users to communicate with
other devices or sensors using these protocols.

9
5 LMQ-5 CNG Sensor

he MQ-5 sensor is a gas sensor that can detect the presence of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum
Gas), natural gas, and other combustible gases such as propane and methane. It is often used
as a gas leak detector in homes, factories, and other facilities where gas leaks may occur.

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is also a type of natural gas, so the MQ-5 sensor can detect
its presence as well. However, it's worth noting that CNG is typically stored at a much higher
pressure than LPG, which means that a different type of sensor may be needed to detect leaks
from CNG tanks or pipelines.

In summary, the MQ-5 sensor can detect the presence of LPG and CNG, as well as other
combustible gases, but it's important to ensure that the sensor is suitable for the specific
application and gas being monitored.

10
Exhaust Fan:

A exhaust fan that operates on 5V is a small fan designed to help ventilate and circulate air in
a confined space. Typically, it is powered by a USB connection and can be used with a
computer, laptop, or any other device with a USB port.

The fan typically features a compact design and can be mounted onto a surface using screws
or adhesive pads. It may also have adjustable speeds and can be controlled using an on/off
switch.

A mini exhaust fan can be particularly useful in small spaces where ventilation is limited,
such as in a car, RV, or small room. It can help to remove stale air, odors, and excess
moisture, creating a more comfortable and healthy environment.

Relay Module:
A power relay module is an electrical switch that is operated by an electromagnet. The
electromagnet is activated by a separate low-power signal from a micro controller. When
activated, the electromagnet pulls to either open or close an electrical circuit.

Figure 2.1 Relay Module

11
Working:
A simple relay consists of wire coil wrapped around a soft iron core, or solenoid, an
iron yoke that delivers a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature and
one or more sets of contacts. The movable armature is hinged to the yoke and linked to one or
more set of the moving contacts. Held in place by a spring, the armature leaves a gap in the
magnetic circuit when the relay is de-energized. While in this position, one of the two sets of
contacts is closed while the other set remains open.
When electrical current is passed through a coil, it generates a magnetic field that in turn
activates the armature. This movement of the movable contacts makes or breaks a connection
with the fixed contact. When the relay is de-energized, the sets of contacts that were closed,
open and breaks the connection and vice versa if the contacts were open. When switching off
the current to the coil, the armature is returned, by force, to its relaxed position. This force is
usually provided by a spring, but gravity can also be used in certain applications. Most power
relays are manufactured to operate in a quick manner.

Figure 2.2 Relay Circuit

12
 Figure 2.3 Relay PinOut

Pin Description

i. Pin1 (End1) : It is used to activate the relay; usually this pin one end is connected to
5Volts whereas another end is connected to the ground.

ii. Pin2 (End2): This pin is used to activate the Relay.

iii. Pin3 (Common):This pin is connected to the main terminal of the Load to make it
active.

iv. Pin4 (Normally Closed NC): This second terminal of the load is connected to either
NC/ NO pins. If this pin is connected to the load then it will be ON before the switch.

13
 v. Pin5 (Normally Open NO) : If the second terminal of the load is allied to the NO
pin, then the load will be turned off before the switch.

Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload code to the
Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating systems such
as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It supports the programming languages C and C++. Here,
IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment.

The program or code written in the Arduino IDE is often called as sketching. We need to
connect the Genuino and Arduino board with the IDE to upload the sketch written in the
Arduino IDE software. The sketch is saved with the extension '.ino.'

The Arduino IDE will appear as:

Figure 3.1 Arduino IDE

14
 i. Toolbar Button The icon displayed on the toolbar are New, Open, Save, Upload
and Verify. It is shown in below

Figure 3.2 Arduino IDE Toolbar button

ii. Upload: The Upload button compiles and runs our code written on the screen. It
further uploads the code to the connected board. Before uploading the sketch, we need
to make sure that the correct board and ports are selected.
We also need a USB connection to connect the board and the computer. Once all the
above measures are done, click on the Upload button present on the toolbar.
The latest Arduino boards can be reset automatically before beginning with Upload.
In the older boards, we need to press the Reset button present on it. As soon as the
uploading is done successfully, we can notice the blink of the Tx and Rx LED.
If the uploading is failed, it will display the message in the error window.
We do not require any additional hardware to upload our sketch using the Arduino
Bootloader. A Bootloader is defined as a small program, which is loaded in the
microcontroller present on the board. The LED will blink on PIN 13.

iii. Serial Monitor The serial monitor button is present on the right corner of the
toolbar. It opens the serial monitor.
It is shown below:

15
 When we connect the serial monitor, the board will reset on the operating system
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. If we want to process the control characters in our
sketch, we need to use an external terminal program. The terminal program should be
connected to the COM port, which will be assigned when we connect the board to the
computer.

Jumper Wire:

A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits used for printed circuit
boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and short-cut
(jump) to the electric circuit.

Figure 4.1 Jumper Wire

Buzzer

A buzzer is an electronic component that generates an audible sound or tone when an

electrical signal is applied to it. It consists of a piezoelectric element or speaker driver, which
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and produces a sound wave.

Buzzer components can come in different sizes and shapes, but they typically consist of a
housing, a piezoelectric element, and two or more leads for connecting to an electrical circuit.
When an electrical signal is applied to the leads, the piezoelectric element vibrates and
creates a sound wave that is audible to humans.

16
Buzzer components are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including alarms,
timers, and other electronic devices that require an audible alert or warning. They can be used
in various types of circuits, including those controlled by microcontrollers like Arduino.
To use a buzzer with Arduino, you will typically need to connect the leads of the buzzer to a
digital output pin on the Arduino board. You can then use the digitalWrite function to send a
HIGH or LOW signal to the buzzer, which will turn it on or off and produce a sound wave of
a particular frequency.

Overall, buzzers are simple but versatile electronic components that can be useful in a variety
of applications where an audible alert or warning is that.

Battery

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials
directly into electric energy by means of an electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox)
reaction.

Figure 5.1 Battery

17
DC FAN
A DC fan is a type of fan that operates on 5 volts of direct current (DC) power supply. It is
commonly used in electronic devices such as computers, laptops, and other similar gadgets
that require cooling. These fans are usually small in size and have two or three wires for
power supply and control.

When connected to a power source, the 5V DC fan spins its blades and generates airflow to
cool down the surrounding components. The speed of the fan can be controlled by adjusting
the voltage supplied to it, using a resistor or a variable power supply.

Th
ere are different types of 5V DC fans available in the market, including axial fans, centrifugal
fans, and brushless DC fans. Axial fans are the most common type, and they are typically
used for low to medium airflow applications. Centrifugal fans, on the other hand, are used for
high airflow applications and are more energy-efficient than axial fans. Brushless DC fans are
also becoming popular due to their low power consumption and low noise levels

18
LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric
current flows through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with
holes emitting light in the process. LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction
and blocks the current in the reverse direction.

Light-emitting diodes are heavily doped p-n junctions. Based on the semiconductor material
used and the amount of doping, an LED will emit coloured light at a particular spectral
wavelength when forward biased. As shown in the figure, an LED is encapsulated with a
transparent cover so that emitted light can come out.
Resistors
The resistor is a passive electrical component to create resistance in the flow of
electric current. In almost all electrical networks and electronic circuits they can be found.
The resistance is measured in ohms.

Figure 1.1 Resistor

19
An ohm is the resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere passes through a resistor
with a one volt drop across its terminals. The current is proportional to the voltage across the
terminal ends. This ratio is represented by Ohm’s law:
R=V/I
Resistors are used for many purposes. A few examples include delimit electric current,
voltage division, heat generation, matching and loading circuits, control gain, and fix time
constants.
MQ5 Gas Sensor:
The term ‘MQ’ comes from the Chinese word Mingan meaning sensitive and Qi lai meaning
gas.
As the name suggests, it senses the gas, smoke, fume etc. It detects by allowing the gas to
pass through the electrode having membrane. Then, it creates current flow as the gas gets
oxidised. The current is responsible for determining the type of gas.

Knob
A knob is a mechanical component used to control or adjust various settings on an electronic
device. It consists of a cylindrical or spherical object with a haft or stem that can be rotated or
turned in a particular direction to adjust the settings.

Knobs can come in different sizes, shapes, and materials, depending on the application and
the device they are used with. They are commonly used in devices like audio equipment,
lighting control panels, and industrial machinery to adjust parameters like volume, brightness,
speed, and temperature.

In some cases, knobs may also be equipped with additional features, such as a built-in switch
or indicator, to provide additional functionality or feedback to the user. For example, a knob
on a guitar amplifier may have a built-in switch that toggles between different channels or
effects, or a knob on a thermostat may have an indicator that shows the current temperature
setting.

To use a knob with an electronic device, the knob is typically attached to a potentiometer,
which is an electrical component that can vary its resistance in response to the position of the
knob. The potentiometer is then connected to the device's circuitry, which can detect the
changes in resistance and adjust the settings accordingly.

Overall, knobs are simple but essential components in many electronic devices, providing a
convenient and intuitive way for users to adjust and control various parameters.

Window
The window automatically opens to avoid suffocation and to allow outside air to fill the
space. The mechanism over here is similar to the knob, where the command is passed from
the software and it opens upon detection.

20
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM

21
Working principle

The basic working principle is as follows:

Gas sensor: A gas sensor is connected to the Arduino. The gas sensor detects the presence of
gas in the environment.

Buzzer: A buzzer is connected to the Arduino. The buzzer is used to generate an audible
alarm in case of a gas leak.

Threshold value: A threshold value is set in the Arduino to determine the level of gas
concentration that triggers the alarm. When the gas concentration reaches the threshold value,
the buzzer is activated.

Output: When the gas concentration exceeds the threshold value, the Arduino sends a signal
to the buzzer to produce a loud alarm sound to alert the user.

The steps to implement this system are as follows:

Connect the gas sensor to the Arduino board.

Connect the buzzer to the Arduino board.

Upload the code to the Arduino board.

The gas sensor will detect the presence of gas and send a signal to the Arduino.

The Arduino will read the signal and compare it to the threshold value.

If the gas concentration exceeds the threshold value, the Arduino will activate the buzzer to
generate an audible alarm.

The user will be alerted to the presence of a gas leak and can take appropriate action to
prevent any accidents.

In summary, gas leakage detection with a buzzer using Arduino works by detecting the
presence of gas using a gas sensor, comparing the gas concentration to a threshold value set
in the Arduino, and activating a buzzer to generate an alarm if the gas concentration exceeds
the threshold value.

22
CODE

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.clear();
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("IRRIGATION");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("SYSTEM IS ON ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {

int value = analogRead(A0);

Serial.println(value);
if (value > 950) {
digitalWrite(6, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Water Pump is ON ");
} else {
digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Water Pump is OFF");
}

if (value < 300) {

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Moisture : HIGH");
} else if (value > 950) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Moisture : LOW ");
} else {
digitalWrite(6, HIGH); // Turn off the pump
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Moisture : MID ");

23
 }
}

Results

As intended, the MQ5 sensor does detect the gas and lets the Arduino know. The Arduino
board efficiently sends the signal to the software. As we have programmed in the software, it
does run the program and hence the output is seen as the buzzer sound is heard, the window
opens via the servo motor.Hence, the harmful gas, smoke and fumes can be distinguished by
this detector, alerted to the user, prevented from danger and achievean environment-friendly
surrounding.

FUTURE SCOPE
Over the years, we have been marching towards various developments and
advancements. This includes smart houses artificial intelligence etc. Smart houses can make
our in-room living simple as much as it can. The control of fans and lights is now within our
hands. Wi-Fi and software programming has put forth the initial steps towards the future to
make control over the safety and other applications in the house. Another innovation that
could push it a little further would be this gas detection sensor. As it ensures safety in our
house from the gaseous hazards. Also, in industries and factories, we can avoid the disaster
and ensure the safety of the workers.

24
CONCLUSION

Thus, we would like to conclude that our system mainly focuses on home and industrial
safety. By this,provides us with significance in the health department. Also, it leads to raise
our economy, because when gas leaks it not only contaminates the atmosphere, but also
wastage of gases will hurt our economy. Moreover, when the workers get affected, the job in
the industry or factory cannot be continued, hence, affecting the economy. The need for
ensuring safety in workplaces is expected to be the key driving force for the market over the
coming years. Therefore, this detector solely can prevent and ensure safety.

REFERENCES

 Wikipedia
 Britannica Encyclopaedia
 Arduino.cc

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25