Project cycle_IX

Multiple Choice Question

1. Which of the following is the stage in which various tools are used to visualize data?
i. Data acquisition
ii. ata exploration
iii. Modelling
iv. Evaluation (1)

Answer: (ii)

2. Which of the following uses .CSV files to create charts and maps?
i. Microsoft Excel
ii. Tableau Public
iii. Microsoft Power Bi
iv. Datawrapper (1)

Answer: (iv)

3. Which of the following helps in identifying the key elements related to the problem?
i. Problem Scoping
ii. 4W Problem
iii. Data Exploration
iv. Data (1)

Answer: (ii)

4. Which of the following is not part of the AI project cycle?

i. Problem Scoping
ii. Modelling
iii. Data handling
iv. Evaluation (1)

Answer: (iii)

5. Which of the following is the second stage of AI project cycle?

i. Problem Scoping
ii. Data Acquisition
iii. Data Exploration
iv. Evaluation (1)

Answer: (ii)

6. Which of the following is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI model?
i. Problem Scoping
ii. Modelling
 iii. Evaluation
iv. Machine learning (1)

Answer: (iii)

7. Which of the following is not part of the 4Ws framework?

i. Which
ii. Who
iii. What
iv. Why (1)

Answer: (i)

8. Which of the following is the second last stage of the AI project cycle?
i. Problem scoping
ii. Evaluation
iii. Modelling
iv. Data Acquisition (1)

Answer: (iii)

9. Which block in 4W CANVAS is needed to gather evidence to prove that the problem really exists?
i. Why
ii. Where
iii. What
iv. Who (1)

Answer: (iii)

10. What should be authentic and relevant to the problem statement scoped for an AI project to be
efficient?
i. Training Data
ii. Testing Data
iii. Solution
iv. Algorithm (1)

Answer: (i)

11. Which among the below options is not an offline data?

i. Sensor
ii. Observations
iii. Web Scraping
iv. Cameras (1)

Answer: (iii)

12. Which of the following refers to the type of data you want to collect?
i. Training Data
ii. Model
iii. Testing Data
 iv. Data Feature (1)

Answer: (i)

13. Which of the following does not come under Data Acquisition?
i. Sources of data
ii. 4Ws problem canvas
iii. Data features
iv. Web Scraping (1)

Answer: (ii)

14. In a system map, if an arrow goes from X to Y with a –(minus) sign, what does this mean?
i. If X increases, Y decreases
ii. The direction of relation is opposite
iii. If X increases, Y also increases
iv. It is a bi-directional relationship (1)

Answer: (iii)

15. Which of the following are the 2 methods of collecting data?

i. Surveys and Rumours
ii. AI models and applications
iii. Imagination and Thoughts
iv. Web scraping and sensors (1)

Answer: (iv)

16. Which of the following is the graphical representation of data and information?
i. Data visualisation
ii. Data analysis
iii. Both a and b
iv. None of these (1)

Answer: (i)

17. Which of the following is a manual data exploration tool provided by Microsoft?
i. Microsoft Excel
ii. Tableau Public
iii. Datawrapper
iv. Google Data Studio (1)

Answer: (i)

18. Which of the following AI model gets trained on the data fed to it and then is able to design a model that
is adaptive to change in data?
i. Rule based
ii. Learning based
iii. Machine learning
iv. Deep learning (1)
Answer: (ii)

19. In ………………………., the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself
around the data.
i. Deep Learning
ii. Artificial Intelligence
iii. NLP
iv. None of the above (1)

Answer: (i)

20. The intention of ………………………. is to enable machines to learn by themselves using the provided data
and make accurate Predictions/Decisions.
i. Machine Learning
ii. Deep Learning
iii. Artificial Intelligence
iv. Neural Networks (1)

Answer: (i)

21. Which node is the starting node in a decision tree?

i. Leaf node
ii. Branch node
iii. Root node
iv. Decision node (1)

Answer: (iii)

22. Which of the following makes use of past data to solve a problem with the help of statistical methods
and trained algorithm models?
i. Machine Learning
ii. Data Science
iii. Computer Vision
iv. Deep Learning (1)

Answer: (iv)

23. Which among the following is used for data visualization?

i. Pie chart
ii. Bar chart
iii. Area chart
iv. All of these (1)

Answer: (iv)

24. Which among the following statements shows the correct order of 4Ws Problem Canvas?
i. What-Why-Who-Where
ii. Who-What-Where-Why
iii. Who-What-Why-Where
 iv. Why-Where-What-Who (1)

Answer: (ii)

25. Which among the following is not a reliable source of data?

i. Surveys
ii. Web scraping
iii. Sensors
iv. Rumors (1)

Answer: (iv)

Write True or False.

26. Machines cannot draw meaningful inferences from large volumes of datasets. (1)

Answer: F

27. Decision trees are tools that follow a rule-based approach that uses a tree-like model of decisions and
their possible consequences. (1)

Answer: T

28. Microsoft Excel is a manual data exploration tool provided by Microsoft. (1)

Answer: T

29. Cameras are not used to collect relevant data. (1)

Answer: F

30. Rule based approach is based on a set of rules and set of facts already fed to the machine to generate
the desired output. (1)

Answer: T

31. Machines learn from their mistakes and take them into consideration in the next iteration. (1)

Answer: T

32. Problem scoping is the last stage in an AI project. (1)

Answer: F

33. AI projects should be transparent and understandable by all. (1)

Answer: T

34. Iterative approach in problem scoping helps you improve AI project. (1)
Answer: T

35. “What” block checks what is for the solution. (1)

Answer: F

36. Data Acquisition is the first stage of Project AI cycle. (1)

Answer: F

37. Situation in which the problem arises is the ‘When’ block. (1)

Answer: F

38. It is important that the data we provide to an AI project is relevant. (1)

Answer: T

39. Data is the base for any AI project to be built. (1)

Answer: T

40. Data visualisation makes an effective user interaction. (1)

Answer: T

41. Data visualisation is not important for Data Exploration. (1)

Answer: F

42. Data exploration arranges your scattered data into a structured pattern. (1)

Answer: T

43. Data visualization tools accelerate decision making based on the data insights. (1)

Answer: T

44. Machine learning is a subset of deep learning. (1)

Answer: F

45. Learning based approach is based on set of rules and facts. (1)

Answer: F

46. Evaluation is seen as the end of the Project cycle. (1)

Answer: T
47. Problem scoping can be done at any point of time while developing a solution. (1)

Answer: F

48. The purpose of the project life cycle is to create an easy-to-follow framework to guide projects. (1)

Answer: T

49. Problem scoping is a time consuming and time-wasting step. (1)

Answer: F

50. Identifying a problem, and then having a vision to solve it is Data Evaluation. (1)

Answer: F

51. The training data should be authentic and relevant to the problem statement scoped. (1)

Answer: T

52. We use system maps to understand the complex issues. (1)

Answer: T

53. Visualising data simplifies the complex quantitative information. (1)

Answer: T

54. Data exploration is graphical representation of data. (1)

Answer: F

55. Data visualisation does not help in taking decisions quickly. (1)

Answer: F

56. Understanding visuals by humans is better than any tabular data format or reports. (1)

Answer: T

57. Finding out the common links is not important in the decision tree. (1)

Answer: F

58. The dataset might contain redundant data at times. (1)

Answer: T

59. Deep learning is a simulation of intelligence in machines. (1)

Answer: T
60. The relationship or patterns in the data is not important in Rule Based Approach. (1)

Answer: F

61. Learning based approach refers to the model where the relationship or patterns in the data are not
defined by the developer. (1)

Answer: T

Fill in the blanks.

62. .………………………. is a piece of raw information or facts and statistics. (1)

Answer: Data

63. Data on which we train our AI project model is called ………………………. . (1)

Answer: Training data

64. .………………………. are a way of collecting data from a group of people. (1)

Answer: Surveys

65. Data exploration is the ………………………. in the AI project cycle. (1)

Answer: third stage

66. Data exploration uses a combination of ………………………. and ………………………. . (1)

Answer: automated tools/manual methods

67. .………………………. is the graphical representation of data and information. (1)

Answer: Data visualization

68. The forks or diversions are known as ………………………. of the tree. (1)

Answer: branches

69. Deep Learning is a ………………………. of Machine Learning. (1)

Answer: subset

70. In machines, the data is used in the ………………………. form. (1)

Answer: binary

71. In the AI model, the ………………………. approach is used towards analysing the data. (1)
Answer: mathematical

72. .………………………. is the process of converting the real-life problem into an AI based model. (1)

Answer: AI project cycle

73. .………………………. the testing of the system, where we check if the model is capable of achieving required
goals or not. (1)

Answer: Evaluation

74. .………………………. is the process of analyzing a large data set. (1)

Answer: Data Exploration

75. The AI project cycle provides uswithanappropriate………………… . (1)

Answer: framework

76. Data used to check the performance of an AI model is called ………………………. . (1)

Answer: testing data

77. A system comprises ………………………. and ………………………. . (1)

Answer: elements, interconnections

78. .………………………. are used to collect data in the form of images. (1)

Answer: Cameras

79. .………………………. is a diagrammatic representation of a set of things working together. (1)

Answer: System maps

80. …………………. tools accelerate decision making based on the data insights, accelerating business growth.
(1)

Answer: Data visualisation

81. Data exploration arranges your ………………………. into a structured pattern. (1)

Answer: unstructured data

82. .………………………. chart has the data represented as a complete circle equal to 360°. (1)

Answer: Pie

83. A root node is the first node of a …………………. . (1)

Answer: decision tree

84. Decision trees are tools that follow a …………………. approach. (1)

Answer: rule-based

85. In evaluation the AI model is evaluated for its efficiency and …………………. . (1)

Answer: accuracy

86. .…………………. is the smallest unit of an image. (1)

Answer: pixel

87. …………………… is the term used to define the process of selecting a problem which we might want to
solve using AI knowledge. (1)

Answer: Problem scoping

88. …………………… canvas thinks about the benefits of the solution to the stakeholders and the society. (1
)

Answer: why

89. …………………… refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic or imitate, develop and
demonstrate human intelligence. (1)

Answer: Artificial Intelligence

90. ----------- aims at building neural network that can help in discovering patterns or trends. (1)

Answer: Deep Learning

91. ----------- representation of data grabs our interest and keeps our concentration. (1)

Answer: Visual

Short answer type questions.

92. Write one difference between machine learning and deep learning. (1)

Answer: Machine learning aims at making a machine that can learn through data and solve complex problems.
Deep learning aims at building neural network that can help in discovering patterns or trends.

93. What is 4Ws Problem Canvas? (1)

Answer: To understand step by step how problem scoping is done, we use another method, known as 4Ws
Problem Canvas. This canvas helps us in identifying 4 crucial parameters we need to know for solving a
problem. The 4Ws here are listed as Who, What, When and Why.
94. What is data visualization? (1)

Answer: Data visualisation is the graphical representation of data and information. By using graphical tools like
charts and graphs, it is an easier way to understand the trends and patterns in data.

95. Name some reliable sources to acquire data. (1)

Answer: Surveys, web scraping, sensors, cameras, observations, Application Programming Interface (API), etc.

96. Name various data modelling techniques. (1)

Answer: AI modelling techniques can be broadly classified into two approaches: Rule based approach and
learning based approach.

97. What are data features? (1)

Answer: Data features refers to the type of data that you want to collect.

98. How are cameras useful in collecting data? (1)

Answer: Data can be seen, written down or recorded onto the computer. Cameras are used to collect data in
the form of images. CCTV, web cameras, surveillance cameras are big sources of visual data that can be
acquired from various places.

99. Write a short note on problem scoping. (1)

Answer: The first stage of an AI project cycle is problem scoping to identify the problem and have a vision to
solve it. Problem scoping means selecting a problem and finding a solution for it using AI technology. The
project identifies the area in which AI can be used to provide a solution.

100. What is Problem statement template? (1)

Answer: The problem statement template helps us to put together all the key points into a single template for
future reference.

101. What is data exploration in AI project cycle? (1)

Answer: Data exploration refers to the techniques and tools used to visualize data through complex statistical
methods.

102. What do we do in the Evaluation stage of the AI project cycle? (1)

Answer: Evaluation stage is the testing of the system, where we check if the model is capable of achieving
required goals or not.

103. What is the role of iterative process in problem scoping? (1)

Answer: The iterative process is an important approach of problem scoping that helps in continually improving
a design or product using an AI model.
104. What is the use of ‘Where’ block in 4W’s Problem Canvas? (1)

Answer: In this stage, we check for where does the problem arise, the context of the problem.

105. What do you mean by Data Acquisition? (1)

Answer: Data acquisition means collecting raw facts, figures or statistics from relevant sources either for
reference or for analysis needed for AI projects.

106. What is the use of data in an AI project? (1)

Answer: Data plays an important part of an AI project as it creates the base on which the AI project is built.

107. What is a system map? (1)

Answer: A system map is a diagrammatic representation of a set of things working together.

108. State the ways in which you can collect data. (1)

Answer: Surveys, Web scraping, sensors, cameras, Observations, API.

109. Why is accuracy important for data visualisation? (1)

Answer: Accuracy is important for data visualisation because it ensures use of appropriate graphical
representation to convey right data.

110. What are data visualisation tools? (1)

Answer: Data visualisation tools help us to visually explore and identify relationships between different
datasets.

111. What is machine learning? (1)

Answer: Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses statistical methods that enable
machines to improve with experiences.

112. Write any one difference between artificial intelligence and machine learning. (1)

Answer: AI aims at making a machine that mimics human intelligence. Whereas, machine learning aims at
making a machine that can learn through data and solve complex problems.

113. Write the names of two data modelling techniques. (1)

Answer: AI models techniques can be broadly classified into two approaches which are rule base approach and
learning based approach.

114. Write the names of any two terms related to decision trees. (1)

Answer: Root Node and Branching.

115. What is AI project cycle? (1)

Answer: AI project cycle is the life cycle of an AI project defining each and every step that every organization
should follow to derive the business value from Artificial Intelligence.

116. What is modelling in AI project cycle? (1)

Answer: Modelling or data modelling is defined as the process of designing decision-making algorithms that
has to be trained on a set of data (which was acquired at the data acquisition stage for the problem you
scoped in the problem scoping stage) and apply that learning to ecognize certain types of patterns.

117. Write the names of all the stages of AI project cycle. (1)

Answer: a) AI Project Cycle has 5 stages: b) Problem Scoping c) ata Acquisition

d) Data Exploration e) Modelling f) Evaluation

118. Explain two types of data with examples. (1)

Answer: • Training Data: It is data on which we train our AI project model. It is basically to fit the parameters
of the project for the model. In training data, the output is available to the model. • Testing Data: It is used
to check the performance of an AI model. In testing data, the data is not seen for which the predictions have
to be made.

119. How sensors are used to collect data? (1)

Answer: Data can also be collected from various sensors like collecting environmental data and stored in some
data storage solutions. Sensors are connected through gateways which enable them to collect live data in the
offline mode.

120. Is there any problem in extracting private data? (1)

Answer: There are times using the internet, we acquire unauthentic data from websites for our AI project.
Extracting private data can be an offence. So, keeping this in mind we should ensure the data is collected
from open-sourced websites hosted by the government. They are one of the most reliable and authentic
sources of information.

121. What is the need of authenticity of the data acquisition method? (1)

Answer: Data is the base for any AI project to be built. When the data is acquired, it's important to check if it's
from a reliable and authentic source for the accuracy of the project.

122. What is Microsoft Power BI? (1)

Answer: It is a data visualisation tool provided by Microsoft. It is freely available to download and use.

123. What is bubble map? (1)

Answer: It is a combination of a bubble chart, data visualization and a map. It is used to visualize location and
proportion using circles over geographical regions with the area of the circle being proportional to its value in
the dataset.
124. What is Pixel It? (1)

Answer: Pixel It is an example of a machine learning approach which is used in computer vision applications.
The graphics or images created in computers are pixel-based images. It shows how the computer classifies the
images and reads them.

125. What is learning based approach? (1)

Answer: Learning based approach refers to the model where the relationship or patterns in the data are not
defined by the developer. Random data is fed into the machine and the machine develops its own pattern or
trends based on data outputs.Learning based approach refers to the model where the relationship or patterns
in the data are not defined by the developer. Random data is fed into the machine and the machine develops
its own pattern or trends based on data outputs.

Long answer type questions.

126. Give advantages of using an iterative approach in problem scoping. (1)

Answer: Following are some advantages of using iterative approach in problem scoping: • Each iteration
helps you improve based on the problems identified in the past cycle. • It is cost effective as the problem is
identified and continual testing gives you a clear picture of the status of your project. • Testing and
debugging are easier with smaller and initial iterations.

127. Explain each element of 4Ws separately. (1)

Answer: Who: In this stage, we look for the people who are having the problem. They are the people who are
directly affected by the problem. They are also known as the stakeholders of the problem. • What: In this,
we consider the nature of the problem, and how do we know it’s a problem. Is there any evidence if it's a real
life problem or just a perception. • Where: We check for where does the problem arise, the context of the
problem. • Why: It means to understand the root cause of the problem.

128. Differentiate between Training Data and Testing Data. (1)

Answer: Training Data-It is data on which we train our AI project model. Example: Marks stored in a system.
Testing Data-It is used to check the performance of an AI model. Example: New marks entered and tested in
a system.

129. What are System maps? What information does it provide? (1)

Answer: A system map is a diagrammatic representation of a set of things working together. System map helps
us to find relationships between different elements of the problem which we have scoped. It helps to find a
solution to achieve the goal of our project.

130. What is Application Programming Interface (APIs)? (1)

Answer: APIs are a set of functions and procedures that allow one application to connect to another. So, one
of the ways of collecting data is through APIs that can be used to collect data from social media services for
analysis.
131. Why is data exploration an important stage in an AI Project? (1)

Answer: Data exploration cleans the big data to provide an input to an AI project. Terabytes of data sitting in
the data centre unused is a burden, if correctly processed it can become digital gold.

132. What is the need of visualising data? (1)

Answer: The need for data visualisation are: • Simplifies the complex quantitative information. • Analyse
and explore big data easily. • Identifies the areas for improvement.

133. What is a bar chart? Give its uses. (1)

Answer: Bar charts are graphs that represent categorical data with rectangular bars with heights and length
proportional to the values that they represent. It is used to compare things between different groups or to
track changes over time. For example, marks of 5 subjects to compare, rise in population in five years,
changing fuel price every month.

134. What is Data Modelling? (1)

Answer: Data Modelling is defined as the process of designing decision-making algorithms that has to be
trained on a set of data( which was acquired at the Data Acquisition stage for the problem you scoped in the
Problem Scoping stage) and apply that learning to recognize certain types of patterns.

135. What is deep learning? Give examples. (1)

Answer: Machines can draw meaningful inferences from large volumes of datasets. In deep learning, the
machine is trained with a huge amount of data which helps it train itself. Deep learning is a machine learning
algorithm that is inspired by the functionality of our brain cells called neurons. For example Google translate,
image recognition in social media apps.

136. What is AI Project Deployment? (1)

Answer: Deployment is the process of integrating a newly created AI model into an existing production
environment to make practical implementation of the model with actual data taken as input to give the
desired output. It requires certain settings to be done in terms of hardware and software so that the AI model
can be put to use efficiently by the end users.

137. Explain the concept of AI project cycle with the help of a suitable example. (3x1)

a) Identification of the goal

b) Collection of data in large quantities.
c) Designing an algorithm to solve the problem

Answer: a) AI project cycle is the process of converting the real-life problem into an AI based model. The
project cycle framework is designed to help project managers guide their projects successfully from start to
end. The purpose of the project life cycle is to create an easy-to-follow framework to guide projects. The AI
project cycle provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us towards our goal. b)
Modelling: It is the design phase of the project cycle. In this, we select the best way to reach the solution. It
requires the process of selecting the right algorithm to develop a working model for the project. In this step,
the algorithm is converted into a model. c) Problem Scoping: The first stage of an AI project cycle is
problem scoping to identify the problem and have a vision to solve it. Problem scoping means selecting a
problem and finding a solution for it using AI technology. The project identifies the area in which AI can be
used to provide a solution.

138. Create a 4W Project Canvas for the following: (1x1)

a) Case Study: MIIT Academy, is an IT Institute which provides Computer Training to Senior Professionals.
The institute has limited seats and is high in demand among the Working Professionals. It is planning to
conduct an Entrance Test at Pan India level. They have to ensure that unauthorised people don’t enter the
Exam Centers so that they have fair admission selection. For this they need a system in place that should check
who all are entering the center, and the system should raise an alert if it finds any unauthorised person
entering. The Institute has the hard copies of the photographs of all the professionals who have applied and
also of all staff that would be present at the centers.

Answer: Accept all relevant answers

139. Consider the following scenario/ situations: (1x1)

a) An IT company received a lot of support tickets for their operations. These tickets are categorized into
Urgent, Important and Business as usual. The issue faced by the operations is that they are not able to classify
them properly which leads to delay in response. Can you think of a classification system to solve this problem?
Create a 4W Project Canvas for this purpose.

Answer: Accept all relevant answers

140. Why are system maps used in data acquisition? (1)

Answer: A system map is a diagrammatic representation of a set of things working together. It focuses on the
components and boundaries of a system. System map helps us to find relationships between different
elements of the problem which we have scoped. It helps to find a solution to achieve the goal of our project.

141. What are the rules for system mapping? (1)

Answer: We use system maps to understand the complex issues that have inter connected factors affecting
each other. A system comprises of: • Elements: These are different, discrete elements within the system.
• Interconnections: These are the relationships that connect the elements. Rules for system maps are: •
The circles represent elements. • Arrows are used to represent relationships/interconnections. • The '+'
and '-' signs are indicators of the nature of a relationship. The arrowhead depicts the direction of the effect
and the sign (+ or -) shows their relationship. • If the arrow goes from X to Y with a + sign, it means that
both are directly related to each other. That means if X increases, Y also increases and vice versa. • If the
arrow goes from X to Y with a -sign, it means that both the elements are inversely related to each other. That
means if X increases, Y would decrease and vice versa.

142. What are the various sources to collect data for the AI Project? (1)

Answer: There are various sources to collect relevant data for our project: Surveys: Data can be collected from
online surveys, telephonic surveys or in person surveys and collect responses. Surveys are a way of collecting
data from a group of people in order to gain information and insights into various topics of interest. The
process involves asking people for information through questionnaires which can be online or offline. It can be
considered as a data source. • Web Scraping: Data or information can also be extracted from a website.
Web scraping or Data scraping is the method of downloading information from the World Wide Web (WWW)
and storing it onto your computer for later reference. The data collected in this way is an online data. •
Sensors: Data can also be collected from various sensors like collecting environmental data and stored in some
data storage solutions. Sensors are connected through gateways which enable them to collect live data in the
offline mode. • Cameras: Data can be seen, written down or recorded onto the computer. Cameras are
used to collect data in the form of images. CCTV, web cameras, surveillance cameras are big sources of visual
data that can be acquired from various places. • Observations: It is a method of collecting data by watching
facts as they occur. Using the observation technique data can be analysed and used for testing the model.
• Application Programming Interface (APIs): APIs are a set of functions and procedures that allow one
application to connect to another. So, one of the ways of collecting data is through APIs that can be used to
collect data from social media services for analysis.

143. What is data exploration? Why is it an important step in AI projects? (1)

Answer: Data exploration refers to the initial step in data analysis in which data analysts use data visualization
and statistical techniques to describe dataset characterizations, such as size, quantity, and accuracy, in order
to better understand the nature of the data. Data exploration techniques include both manual analysis
and automated data exploration software solutions that visually explore and identify relationships between
different data variables, the structure of the dataset, the presence of outliers, and the distribution of data
values in order to reveal patterns and points of interest, enabling data analysts to gain greater insight into the
raw data.

144. What are the important points to consider for data visualisation? (1)

Answer: Here are 10 elements of good data visualization that can help you present information that readers
can process quickly and easily. • Clear Headings and Keys • Obvious Trends • Simple Analysis •
Relevant Comparisons Lots of Data/Evidence • Summaries of Key Points • Add design elements •
Consolidated Information

145. Differentiate between AI and Machine Learning. (1)

Answer:

146. What are the important points to consider while designing a decision tree? (1)

Answer: Following are some of the important points to consider while designing a decision tree: • There
can be a possibility of multiple decision trees which lead to correct prediction for a single dataset. The simplest
one should be chosen. • The dataset might contain redundant data at times, which does not have any
reference while creating a decision tree. Therefore, it is necessary that only those parameters that affect the
output directly should be included. • While making Decision Trees, one should take a look at the dataset
given to them and try to figure out what pattern does the output leaf follow. Try selecting any one output and
on its basis, find out the common links which all the similar outputs have.

147. What are decision trees? What kind of approach is used in decision trees? (1)

Answer: Decision trees are tools that follow a rule based approach that uses a tree-like model of decisions and
their possible consequences. It is a kind of flow chart, where the flow starts at the root node and ends with a
decision made at the leaves. It is used to depict conditions and their outcomes. It is one of the most widely
used and practical methods for supervised learning.

148. Define the term machine learning. Also give 2 applications of machine learning in our daily lives. (1
)

Answer: Machine Learning: Machines need to learn the ways of humans by learning the techniques and
processes. So machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses statistical methods that enable
machines to improve with experiences. So machines learn from their mistakes and take them into
consideration in the next iteration, this way they keep improving with experience. For example, Snapchat
filters and Netflix recommendations.

149. Give an example to differentiate between training data and testing data. (1)

Answer: If we want to prepare an AI model to predict the school average of students in board examination, we
will feed the marks obtained by students in board examination in the previous years, this will be treated as
training data. Once the model is ready, it will predict the school average for the coming year. Now when we
are testing it, we feed the different data set and that is the testing data.

150. What is the importance of Evaluation stage in AI project cycle? (1)

Answer: Evaluation is seen as the end of the Project cycle. It is an important step where the AI model is
evaluated for its efficiency and accuracy. It enables continuous improvement of the model to achieve the
project goals. The model must be tested with varied data to ensure that the results are satisfactory. Model is
tested with the tested data after each stage of the AI project cycle. Final evaluation must be done to check the
overall functioning of the model. Once the model is evaluated it must be deployed

151. What is the difference between pie chart and bar chart? (1)

Answer: Pie chart: It is a circular representation of data where each slice shows the relative size of the data.
The data is a complete circle equal to 360° with each segment and sectors forming a certain portion of the
total (percentage).Bar chart: Graph that represents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights and
length proportional to the values that they represent.

152. What is the difference between Microsoft Excel and Google Data Studio? (1)

Answer: Microsoft Excel: It is a manual data exploration tool provided by Microsoft. It provides different types
of basic charts and objects for visualising data. However, it is limited to use only for representing small
amounts of organised datasets. It is not preferable for big data.Tableau Public: It is free software allows us to
create interactive data visualizations that we can share with others. It has very large datasets. It is one of the
most commonly used data visualisation tools.
Application based/Competency based/Case based
questions.
153. Assertion (A): The training data should be authentic and relevant to the problem statement scoped.
Reason (R): It increases the AI Project efficiency. (4x1)

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is not correct.
c) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
d) Assertion (A) is not correct, but Reason (R) is correct.

Answer: a) a b) N/A c) N/A d) N/A

154. Assertion (A): Problem statement template is not beneficial to us. Reason (R): Problem statement
template is essential as it helps us to put together all the key points in a single template for future
reference. (4x1)

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Assertion (A) is not correct, but Reason (R) is correct.
c) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is not correct.
d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).

Answer: a) N/A b) N/A c) N/A d) d

155. Assertion (A): Data visualization is an important step in AI project cycle. Reason (R): Data
visualization simplifies the complex quantitative information and identifies the areas for improvement. (
4x1)

a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
b) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is not correct.
c) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
d) Assertion (A) is not correct, but Reason (R) is correct.

Answer: a) N/A b) N/A c) a d) N/A