Lecture Notes

6/3/24

Didactic Year in Professional School

- Where You Start Cohort
-When you start school at the same time as the group you start professional school with
-make sure everyone is taking the same content

Then you move into the Clinical Year

-some schools may have options for clinical sites
-someone oversees the group, so they know where each student is
-observe your skills with the patient and evaluate how well you are doing; your grade is based
on feedback from observation

Interdisciplinary Team
-limited communication (redundancy in treatments)
-power struggle/conflict
-misunderstandings
-The US is way behind in comparison to other countries when it comes to different health
professionals working together
-impacts the quality of patient care

IE+T= Interdisciplinary education and training

-for students to work with other professional health students while seeing patients
-each field is equal and contributes a factor to care for the patient

Scope of Practice
-barriers (not knowing how to communicate with other health professionals)
-lack of communication causes our healthcare to be most expensive

1. Increased coordination of care

-reduces duplication/redundancy
2. Reduces costs for patient
3. efficient care for a patient
4. more appropriate referrals
5. team members support each other
Tarfism: lack of understanding of the scope of practice from other health professionals
- Protecting your field of other professionals not taking over
- Talking
6. common goal (provide the best care)
7. contributions
8. appropriate process in place
 9. Feedback is utilized
10. team members contribute to decision-making

Facilities acknowledge healthcare professionals to continue their education

- Some may give extra days off for those
- Could give you money for it

6/5/24
- The reason interdisciplinary education and training aren’t available in the USA is that the
facility believes it’s too much work

CASE MANAGEMENT
- don’t have a cohesive system
-responsible for carrying out this management is called case managers (takes place in every type
of healthcare workplace)

CASE MANAGERS
- have the responsibility of being the person to communicate between patients and healthcare
professionals
-are licensed healthcare professionals
-who may not want to work in clinical aspects
-people with a background in science like healthcare studies
-are the ones who catch mistakes and oversee the care of patients from different health
professionals
-respond to their questions without getting defensive because they are looking for information
where documentation is missing
-maintain a professional relationship with case managers because they will work for a certain
region where you could encounter them many times
-advancement in career, well-paid job
-want to reduce overutilization of tests, labs, etc
-medical necessity: making sure the patient needs it
-follow up on complex patients, that have many chronic, serious, or multiple issues

Hospital
-has its case management department
-has case managers who work only for the hospital (depending on the size of the hospital)
-the responsibility of case managers would be to the patients in the hospital and where they
need to go after

CCM (certified case manager)

-certification you need to move up in case management careers
-usually told by the employer when to attain the certification (within 5 years of employment)
-need a letter from a supervisor or administration to take the examination for CCM
-The test is with questions about things related to work
-employer pays for the test
-offered through the Case Management Society of America

Life Care Planning (different type of case management)

-work with patients who are in long-term care
-patients who can’t ever do things on their own again
-only work for law firms (due to suing reasons)
-The law firm is the one who distributes the money won from the lawsuit with things like case
managers
-have their own type of certification
-have courses designed in healthcare law to understand the role they have in a law firm

Utilization Review
- to convey that case managers, monitor the resources are being utilized in an appropriate
manner

6/10/24

Professional in Healthcare
- is an ongoing process
- is all together in every class in grad school not a specific class is taught just for
professionalism
- is a never-ending process, learning never stops
- ways to work with patients and treatments are taught during continued education

Health Professional Schools

- will start with an orientation
- a student book will be provided
- will have information on specific things for their field (Ex: where to meet, scrubs to where)
- will have an ethics page where you can read and understand by signing and turning the sheet
in to keep for documentation

Guidelines from Health Professional Book

- Always provide correct information
- showing respect and rights for patients
- maintain a professional demeanor (how you act/behave with others)
- never express anger to anyone whether it be patient, faculty, or peers
- maintain professional boundaries (ex: dating patients, touching patients without
permission, interacting with patients’ info in public setting)
- not maintaining the student phase (claiming to be the doctor during clinical)
- is not arrogant to patients
 - maintain professional appearance
- recognizing limits and seeking help when needed *
- responding to supervision (have thick skin because you will be known to do everything
wrong)
- demonstrating reliability (taking the initiative)
- answering phone calls appropriately

Core Attributes in Healthcare

- accountability
- provide patient-centered care
- quality improvement
- respect for others
- effective communication skills
- system-based approach (practice with an awareness of other healthcare settings)
- resilience

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

- a law was invented to prevent from employers to ask employees about previous job
insurance and information they had

Part One: Privacy Rule

- cannot provide information about the patient without paperwork consent from the
patient
- cannot be viewed by others except healthcare professionals who are treating the patient

Part Two: Security Rule

- protection of health information of patients is electronically stored safely
- train every healthcare worker to make sure they know how to communicate patient
information
- physical and technical safeguards (like privacy screens)
- each pharmacy chain has different rules when it comes to HIPAA

6/12/24

THE ROLE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

- play such a big role in our lives
- meet the professional needs for us
- every professional has their national association (ex: dental association, pharmacy
association) and the main office is in Washington DC
- Therefore, there is a state association for them (they are in the capital of the state)
- Some professionals have local associations (apply to large states, usually meet in large
cities of the state)
- National Associations exist to represent professional’ healthcare providers and deal with
large issues
 - State associations are to mirror the national associations
- Require all students to join the state associations to have access to the journals
- The national and state associations hire people with a healthcare background

Healthcare Association STAFF

- People hired with a healthcare background
- All are full-time positions with benefits
- The top position of the association office is Executive Director who manages the staff
- Under the ED is an assistant director (who can do jobs of the ED if they’re not available)
- Membership Director (person who answers member’s questions)
- Director of Conferences
- Advocacy Staff (contain 3 or 4 people)
- Publications Staff (vary in the number of people)

Membership Categories
- Professional
o A person who is fully licensed and is practicing
o Pays the most for the membership
- Retired
- Student
o Currently, I am a student in a professional school
o The lowest cost for membership during your healthcare life

*The associations of your profession respond to the input of the healthcare professionals

Committees
- Professional members would serve on the committee
- Only composed of the professional members of certain professions
- Required to meet 4 times a year
- Not paid to serve on the committee but expenses are paid
- Committee meetings are 2 days long
- Become known in your profession in the state
- Expand your knowledge in your field in the state

Public Policy
- Presentation of the public role in the profession
Ethics
- Review information on the relation to the professional members are doing wrong by
national association
Clinician Issue
- The issue professional members have with patients or the healthcare environment
Research
 - Who is responsible for putting out information for members for reviewed journals

Board
- Professional members in good standing
- Elected by the professional members
- Apply for the position
o President
o Vice President
o Secretary
o Treasurer

Benefits of Membership
- Professional Journals (peer-reviewed)
- Newsletter
- Advocacy
- Action Alerts
- Legislative Day
- Legal Care
o you have a specific 800 number for your field, and you talk to an attorney with a
health law background in your geographic area
o Service is unlimited/free
- Career Center
o Current positions posted in the field
o Another source of income since employers must pay to post the jobs
- Networking

6/17/24

CONTINUING EDUCATION
- It is mandatory to keep a healthcare professional license for your field
- Earn “ceu” means continuing education units
- Physical Certificates are awarded at the end of the session for each day with the ceu
earned (keep for proof later)
- Same concept for the National Conference except it will be around the country ^
- # of ceu from each session depends on the context of the session

Vendors
- Any companies that service to the field of your profession

Trends
 - Changes happening in the field that you need to keep up with
Certifications
- Have their own specific training
- Separate ceu to maintain the certificate

JCHHO: The Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Hospitals and Healthcare Organizations
- Accredited organization that licenses hospitals to operate
- Private organization (not government involved)
- Designed to deliver quality care
Staff
- A lot of experience
- Small teams called “Survey Teams” variety of experienced healthcare professionals
- Divide the country into quadrants
- Hospitals are licensed for 1 year
- Survey Teams show up at hospitals unannounced
- Only service to hospitals, long-term facilities, and free-standing labs
- The report is sent to Healthcare Administrators to address the deficits they found
- If the deficits are not corrected, then they will be fined

Sentinel Event
- results in patient death or permanent harm to the patient