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This document outlines the basics of microscopy, including its historical evolution, significance in scientific research, and applications in various fields such as medicine and agriculture. It covers key figures in microscopy's development, such as Zacharias Janssen, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and Robert Hooke, and emphasizes the importance of microscopes in diagnosing diseases and enhancing biological education. The lesson aims to help learners understand the impact of microscopy and its role in uncovering the microscopic world.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views

Open 6.1 Int.-6.1 Introduction to Microscopy-01 4

This document outlines the basics of microscopy, including its historical evolution, significance in scientific research, and applications in various fields such as medicine and agriculture. It covers key figures in microscopy's development, such as Zacharias Janssen, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and Robert Hooke, and emphasizes the importance of microscopes in diagnosing diseases and enhancing biological education. The lesson aims to help learners understand the impact of microscopy and its role in uncovering the microscopic world.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Lesson 1
Introduction to Microscopy
Table of Contents

Introduction 1
Learning Competency 2
Learning Targets 2
Knowledge Kickstarter 2
Warm-Up 4
Learn about It 6
Significance of Microscopy 6
Early Microscope Inventions and Pioneers 7
Key Points 11
Check Your Understanding 12
Self Assessment 13
Reflection 13
Attributions 14
References 14
Answer Key 16

0
Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

1 Introduction to Microscopy

Figure 1. A young student gazes through a microscope, unveiling the hidden wonders of the
microscopic world.

Introduction

Some of the most amazing discoveries in our world started with a simple act of
looking closer. Whether it is examining the wings of a butterfly or spotting bacteria
on a petri dish, microscopes have unlocked worlds within worlds. Imagine doctors
peering into the secrets of cells to beat diseases or scientists observing tiny life that
teems in a single drop of pond water. This powerful tool has not only changed
science forever but also opened up endless possibilities in understanding life itself.
Microscopes take us from our eyes to very small worlds, showing us that sometimes
the biggest wonders are in the tiniest details.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 1


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to understand the significance and
historical evolution of microscopy in scientific research and discovery (prerequisite
competency).

Learning Targets

In this lesson, you should be able to do the following:


● Recognize the importance of microscopy in biology.
● Trace the historical evolution of microscopes.

Knowledge Kickstarter

Choose the best answer for each question to show your initial understanding of
microscopy.

1. What function do the lenses in a microscope serve?


A. They decrease the size of the object being viewed.
B. They allow the viewer to see objects at a distance.
C. They magnify the image of the object being examined.
D. They reduce the brightness of the image for clearer viewing.

2. Who is acknowledged for pioneering the use of microscopes in biology?


A. Galileo Galilei
B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C. Ernst Abbe
D. Zacharias Janssen

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 2


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

3. What was Robert Hooke's significant contribution to cell biology?


A. He built the first electron microscope.
B. He was the first to observe microorganisms.
C. He named the cell after observing plant tissue.
D. He invented the compound microscope.

4. In what way has microscopy been crucial for the medical field in the
Philippines?
A. by enabling space exploration
B. by facilitating the diagnosis of diseases
C. by allowing the development of new sports equipment
D. by contributing to the manufacturing of electronics

5. What is a key factor in diagnosing infections like dengue fever using a


microscope?
A. identifying specific chemical compounds
B. observing the size and shape of blood cells
C. measuring the temperature of the blood sample
D. calculating the number of cells in a given volume

6. Which microscope innovation allowed us to see objects at a molecular level?


A. the light microscope
B. the electron microscope
C. the ultraviolet microscope
D. the Xray microscope

7. How has microscopy contributed to environmental studies?


A. by enabling the observation of stars and planets
B. by allowing for the study of tiny organisms in ecosystems
C. by facilitating the measurement of large land areas
D. by improving global positioning systems

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 3


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

8. What aspect of a microscope is crucial for distinguishing two close points as


separate?
A. the weight of the microscope
B. the magnification power
C. the resolving power
D. the type of light source used

9. When examining the authenticity of historical artifacts, what microscopic


feature might suggest modern interference?
A. natural aging of materials
B. wear and tear consistent with the artifact's age
C. modern synthetic materials
D. historical methods of craftsmanship

10. In what way do electron microscopes surpass traditional light microscopes?


A. They are more portable and easy to use.
B. They offer higher magnification and resolution.
C. They are less expensive and more widely available.
D. They provide a three-dimensional view of live specimens.

Warm-Up

Microscopic Debates

Materials
● debate cards
● timer
● presentation tools (whiteboard, projector, or paper for posters)

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 4


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Procedure
1. Form groups of four to six learners. Each group will be assigned as either Group 1
or Group 2.
2. Group 1 will receive a debate card with a statement supporting the significance of
a specific microscopy discovery. Group 2 will receive cards that oppose or present
alternative views.
3. Each group will have 15–20 minutes to research their position, prepare arguments,
and anticipate counterarguments using provided materials.
4. One member from Group 1 starts by presenting their argument within a 2-minute
window, followed by a 2-minute rebuttal from a member of Group 2.
5. This pattern continues until all points are debated. Each learner should present at
least once, ensuring an active role for each participant.
6. After the debate, learners will create a poster summarizing their arguments and
responses to the opposing group's points.
7. Each group presents its poster to the class. The group members will explain their
reasoning and how the debate informed their understanding of microscopy's
impact.

Guide Questions
1. How did the invention of the microscope change scientific inquiry and our
understanding of the world?

2. Can you think of a modern problem that microscopy could help solve? Provide
reasoning for your answer.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 5


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Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

3. Reflect on how the opposition's arguments changed or reinforced your views on the
impact of microscopic discoveries.

Essential
Question How might the ability to see tiny things lead to big
changes in the world?

Learn about It

Through the lens of a microscope, an entirely new dimension of life opens up to us.
This device, so crucial to scientific discovery, allows us to explore the structure of cells,
the composition of materials, and the intricacies of microscopic organisms.
Microscopy has become an invaluable tool in various fields, such as medicine, where it
aids in diagnosing diseases and marine biology by enabling the study of the rich
biodiversity in our seas.

Significance of Microscopy
Microscopy has been pivotal in numerous scientific breakthroughs, particularly in
understanding diseases and developing medical treatments. In the Philippines, where
dengue fever and tuberculosis are significant health concerns, microscopy allows for
the timely diagnosis and treatment of these diseases by revealing the presence of
pathogens in blood or tissue samples. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in biology
education, as Filipino students learn about cellular structures and functions through
direct observation. This makes the learning process more concrete and engaging.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 6


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

In agriculture, a sector vital to the country's economy, farmers and researchers use
microscopes to identify plant diseases and pests. By understanding the microscopic
causes of agricultural problems, they can devise effective strategies for crop protection
and improve food security.

Early Microscope Inventions and Pioneers


The microscope is a testament to human curiosity and ingenuity. This tool has not only
opened a window to the microscopic world but has also played a pivotal role in
countless scientific advancements. As we trace the lineage of this revolutionary device,
we will encounter inventors whose contributions have allowed us to see the building
blocks of life itself, forever altering the course of science, medicine, and technology.

Figure 2. Timeline of microscope discovery and improvement

Zacharias Janssen, along with his father, Hans Janssen, in the late 16th century in the
Netherlands, is historically recognized for their pioneering work that led to the
development of the compound microscope. Their innovative design consisted of
placing one lens at the top and another at the bottom of a tube and making it so that
the tubes could slide within each other, adjusting the magnification. This rudimentary
form of the microscope allowed for an increase in the observed size of small objects. It
was a considerable leap from the simple magnifying glasses used before.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 7


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Figure 3. Janssen and his microscope invention

Through the ages, the progression in microscopy from the Janssens' model has been
monumental. Each contributor added layers of complexity and capability, enabling us
to delve deeper into the microscopic world.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, often called the “Father of Microbiology,” crafted fine,
high-quality lenses. The use of these lenses revealed the existence of bacteria and
protozoa, which he called animalcules. His meticulous observations laid the foundation
for microbiology.

Figure 4. Leeuwenhoek and his microscope invention

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 8


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

In the 17th century, Robert Hooke, with his pioneering compound microscope,
documented his observations in Micrographia. He coined the term cell and brought the
cellular structure of plants and other organisms into focus. The figure below shows a
detailed drawing representing a magnified view of cork tissue, where the
honeycomb-like structure of the cells can be seen. These were the first plant cells to be
observed. This led Hooke to coin the term cell due to their resemblance to the cells of a
monastery.

Figure 5. Robert Hooke’s microscope invention; The image at the left depicts the
cellular structure of cork as seen through early microscopy, highlighting the
compartmentalized spaces that led to the coining of the term cell.

Did You Know?

The term cell was first coined by Robert Hooke when he


observed the cell walls of cork under a microscope.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 9


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe's partnership later transformed the field of optical
microscopy. Their collaboration in applying complex mathematical principles to lens
design in the 19th century led to microscopes with greatly improved clarity and
magnification..

Figure 6. Carl Zeiss (left), Ernst Abbe (middle), and their microscope invention

The evolution of microscopy took a quantum leap


forward with the invention of the electron
microscope by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska in the
1930s. This innovation provided a previously
unattainable resolution, revealing the intricacies of
the inner workings of cells and viruses. These
advancements offered scientists and researchers
worldwide, including those in the Philippines, tools
of unprecedented power to observe and
understand the tiniest aspects of our world.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 10


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

The historical evolution of microscopy is a testament to the relentless human pursuit


of knowledge. From the initial steps taken by the Janssens to the intricate electron
microscopes of today, each innovation has peeled back a layer of the tiny mysteries of
our universe. These advancements not only underscore our quest to understand life's
minutiae but also reflect on our potential to push the boundaries of what we can see
and know. With each microscopic leap, we edge closer to solving complex puzzles in
medicine, biology, and materials science, affirming the power of human curiosity and
intellect.

Key Points
● Microscopy reveals a hidden world that is too small for our eyes and essential for
scientific and medical discoveries.
● We can diagnose diseases by identifying pathogens in blood or tissue samples using
microscopes.
● The evolution of microscopes, from simple to complex, has been driven by the
innovations of many scientists over the centuries.
● Microscopes are not just for scientists; they are important tools in education, helping
learners in the Philippines and worldwide learn about biology.
● Advancements in microscopy, like the electron microscope, have allowed us to see
things at the cellular and molecular levels.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 11


Science 7

Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Check Your Understanding

Determine if the statements are true or false based on the lesson. Write true if the
statement is correct according to the lesson discussion. Otherwise, write false.

____________1. Microscopes use lenses to magnify objects that are too small to see
with just our eyes.
____________2. Zacharias Janssen is credited with the invention of the electron
microscope.
____________3. The compound microscope was a significant improvement over the
simple magnifying glass.
____________4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is the “Father of Microbiology” because he
built the first compound microscope.
____________5. Robert Hooke coined the term cell after observing the cells of a cork.
____________6. The electron microscope uses glass lenses to magnify objects.
____________7. Microscopy has been important for the Philippine agriculture sector by
identifying crop diseases.
____________8. Dengue fever can be diagnosed by observing blood samples with the
help of microscopy.
____________9. The first microscope was developed in the 16th century.
____________10. Knowing how to use a microscope is only important for those who
want to become scientists or doctors.
____________11. Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe's partnership led to the improvement of
telescopes.
____________12. Microscopy is only important for scientists and has no role in
education.
____________13. Microscopes have not evolved much since the Janssens’ first model.
____________14. Electron microscopes have allowed us to view objects at a molecular
level for the first time.
____________15. Microscopes can be used to observe living organisms in their natural
habitats without disturbing them.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 12


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Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Self Assessment

I think I need I have a minimal I am confident


Skills more time and understanding of that I can do this
assistance. it. with ease.

I can recognize the


importance of
microscopy in
biology.

I can trace the


historical evolution
of microscopes.

Reflection

I find ______________________ the most interesting because ________________________________.

I need to improve on ________________________ because ___________________________________.

I need to practice _________________________ because ______________________________________.

I plan to ___________________________________________________________________________________.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 13


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Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Attributions
Close-Up Photo of a Smart Girl Looking at the Microscope is licensed under CC0 via Pexels.

Portret van Zacharias Jansen, RP-P-1906-4235 by Rijksmuseum is licensed under CC0 1.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

Jaansen Microscope by Alan Hawk is licensed under CC0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Portrait of A. van Leeuwenhoek, 1686 Wellcome M0004947 by Wellcome Collection gallery is


licensed under CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's Microscope by Ryan Somma is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via
Flickr.

Hooke-Microscope-Cork is licensed under CC0 via picryl.

Carl Zeiss (6909161791) by ZEISS Microscopy is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.

Ernst Abbe (6892931486) by ZEISS Microscopy is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.

1896 Greenough-type Stereo Microscope by Carl Zeiss Jen by ZEISS Microscopy is licensed
under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Flickr.

Elektronenmikroskop.UeM100.Ernst.Ruska.TU-Berlin by Membeth is licensed under CC0 1.0 via


Wikimedia Commons.

References
Alberts, Bruce, et al. 2014. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th ed., Garland Science.

Gardner, William H. 2003. Fundamentals of Electron Microscopy. 4th ed. Prentice Hall.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 14


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Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2021. “The Evolution of Microscopy in the Filipino
Scientific Community." NHCP Publication.

Santos, Maria Angelica. 2019. "The Role of Microscopy in Philippine Medical Diagnostics." Philippine
Journal of Pathology 45, no. 1 (2019): 24–30.

Torres, Paulo, et al. 2020. "Microscopy and the Fight Against Infectious Disease in the Filipino
Context." Manila Science Bulletin 55, no. 2 (2020): 142–158.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 15


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Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

Answer Key

Knowledge Kickstarter
Instructions: These are the correct answers for the Pre-assessment.

1. C. They magnify the image of the object being examined


2. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
3. C. He named the cell after observing plant tissue.
4. B. by facilitating the diagnosis of diseases
5. B. observing the size and shape of blood cells
6. B. the electron microscope
7. B. by allowing for the study of tiny organisms in ecosystems
8. C. the resolving power
9. C. modern synthetic materials
10. B. They offer higher magnification and resolution.

Warm-Up
1. How did the invention of the microscope change scientific inquiry and our
understanding of the world?

The invention of the microscope allowed scientists to observe organisms and


structures they had never seen before. This led to the development of cell theory
and microbiology, which have been fundamental to biology and medicine.

2. Can you think of a modern problem that microscopy could help solve? Provide
reasoning for your answer.

Microscopy could help in the ongoing efforts to combat diseases by allowing for
the observation of virus structures at a very high resolution. This can aid in the
design of targeted drugs and vaccines.

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 16


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Unit 6: Microscopy Basics: From History to Practice

3. Reflect on how the opposition's arguments changed or reinforced your views on the
impact of microscopic discoveries.

The opposition's arguments may highlight the foundational importance of earlier


discoveries. They emphasize that while newer technologies provide more detail,
the initial discoveries were revolutionary for their time and provided the basis for
all subsequent microscopic research.

Check your Understanding


1. true
2. false
3. true
4. false
5. true
6. false
7. true
8. true
9. true
10. false
11. false
12. false
13. false
14. true
15. true

6.1. Introduction to Microscopy 17

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