CVOR & DVOR (including use of RMI):

In order to plot a bearing from a VOR station, a pilot needs to know the magnetic variation:
A) at both the VOR and aircraft.
B) at the half-way point between the aircraft and the station.
C) at the aircraft location.
D) at the VOR.

The basic principle of operation of the VOR is by:

A) phase comparison between a 63 Hz reference signal and a 63 Hz variable signal.
B) phase comparison between a 30 Hz reference signal and a 30 Hz variable signal.
C) phase comparison between a 30 Hz reference signal and a 63 Hz variable signal.
D) pulse difference between a 30 Hz reference signal and a 30 Hz variable signal.

The basic principle of operation of a standard VOR is by:

A) phase difference between a frequency modulated reference signal and an
amplitude modulated variable signal.
B) phase comparison between a 30 Hz reference signal and a 108 Mhz
variable signal.
C) phase comparison between an amplitude modulated reference signal and
a frequency modulated variable signal.
D) phase comparison between a 108 Mhz reference signal and a 30 Hz
variable signal.

An aircraft is flying on a heading of 270° (M). The VOR OBS is also set to 270° with the full left
deflection and FROM flag displayed. In which sector is the aircraft from the VOR ground station:
A) SE
B) SW
C) NE
D) NW

Given: Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) for a VOR is selected to 090° . From/To indicator indicates
TO. CDI needle is deflected halfway to the right. On what radial is the aircraft?
A) 095
B) 085
C) 275
D) 265

For a conventional VOR a phase difference of 090 deg would be achieved by flying ... from the beacon.
A) west
B) north
C) east
D) south
The TO/FROM indicator of a VOR:
A) Tells whether the deviation indicator shows that you should manoeuvre
the aircraft towards or from the CDI needle.
B) Tells whether you are now flying towards or from the VOR.
C) Tells whether you should turn the aircraft towards or away from the CDI
indication.
D) Tells whether a track equal to the selected bearing will bring you to or
away from the VOR.

If you correctly tuned in a VOT situated to your east, your RMI should read ... and your OBS would
read...
A) 000; 000 with needle central and FROM indicated.
B) 090; 090 with needle central and TO indicated.
C) 000; 000 with needle central an TO indicated.
D) 090; 090 with needle central and FROM indicated.

Using a VOR outside the DOC may result in interference from:

A) other aircraft.
B) ground waves.
C) other beacons.
D) skywaves.

A VOR frequency is selected and VOR and DME indications are received on the appropriate indicators.
The VOR ident is CPL and the DME CPZ. This indicates that VOR and DME transmitters are:
A) co-located, and the bearing and range can be plotted from the VOR position.
B) this indicates a TACAN installation.
C) at two independent positions and are not related.
D) serving the same location and may be plotted after checking the two positions.

An aircraft is required to approach a VOR via the 104° radial. Which of the following settings should be
made on the VOR/ILS deviation indicator?
A) 284° with the FROM flag showing.
B) 284° with the TO flag showing.
C) 104° with the FROM flag showing.
D) 104° with the TO flag showing.

Which of the following statements concerning the variable, or directional, signal of a conventional VOR
is correct?
A) The transmitter changes the frequency of the variable signal by 30 Hz
either side of the allocated frequency each time it rotates.
B) The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives
it the characteristics of a 30 Hz amplitude modulation.
C) The transmitter varies the amplitude of the variable signal by 30 Hz each
time it rotates.
D) The receiver adds 30 Hz to the variable signal before combining it with
the reference signal.
If the signal from a VOR is lost, how is this shown on the B737-400 EHSI display?
A) A flashing red FAIL message appears in the frequency location.
B) By showing a fail flag alongside the deviation bar.
C) An amber FAIL message appears in the frequency location.
D) By removal of the deviation bar and pointer.

An aircraft heading 140° (M) bears 320° (T) from a VOR (VAR 10° E). The bearing, selected on the
OBS which would make the VOR/ILS deviation indicator show TO would be:
A) 320°
B) 130°
C) 330°
D) 120°

The principle used in VOR bearing measurement is:

A) beat frequency discrimination.
B) envelope matching.
C) phase comparison.
D) difference in depth of modulation.

The antenna polar diagram of a conventional VOR:

A) Is a pencil beam.
B) Is like a figure of 8.
C) Rotates at 30 revolutions per second.
D) Is always directed towards the aircraft.

An aircraft is on a bearing of 263° (M) from a VOR station. If the OBI is set to 091, the deviation
indicator will show:
A) FROM and fly left 4 dots.
B) TO and fly right 4 dots.
C) TO and fly left 4 dots.
D) FROM and fly right 4 dots.

An aircraft at FL 100 should be able to receive a VOR ground station at 100 FT above MSL at an
approximate maximum range of:
A) 130 NM
B) 135 NM
C) 142 NM
D) 123 NM

An aircraft is tracking inbound to a VOR beacon on the 105 radial. The setting the pilot should put on
the OBS and the CDI indications are:
A) 285, FROM.
B) 285, TO.
C) 105, TO.
D) 105, FROM.
An aircraft at FL 100 should be able to receive a VOR ground station at 100 FT above MSL at an
approximate maximum range of:
A) 142 NM
B) 135 NM
C) 130 NM
D) 123 NM

21. You are in an aircraft on a heading of 280° (M) and on a bearing of 090° (M) from a VOR. The
bearing you should select on the omni-bearing selector in order to centralise the deviation needle with
TO showing is:
A) 100°
B) 90°
C) 280°
D) 270°

An aircraft is tracking the 065° radial inbound to

VOR X. With 12° port drift which of the Radio
Magnetic Indicator (RMI) indications will be
correct when crossing the 133° radial from VOR
Y?
A) B
B) A
C) D
D) C

The captain of an aircraft flying at FL100 wishes to obtain weather information at the destination
airfield from the airfields VOR. At what maximum theoretical range will it be possible to obtain this
information?
A) 12.3 NM
B) 123 km
C) 1230 km
D) 123 NM

If an aircraft flies along a VOR radial it will follow a:

A) rhumbline track.
B) line of constant bearing.
C) constant magnetic track.
D) great circle track.
Transmissions from VOR facilities may be adversely affected by:
A) night effect.
B) static interference.
C) quadrantal error.
D) uneven propagation over irregular ground surfaces.
An RMI slaved to a remote indicating compass has gone unserviceable and is locked on to a reading of
090° .
The tail of the VOR pointer shows 135° . The available information from the VOR is:
A) Radial 315° , relative bearing unknown.
B) Radial unknown, relative bearing 225° .
C) Radial 135° , relative bearing unknown.
D) Radial unknown, relative bearing 045° .

An aircraft at 6.000 amsl is attempting to receive a VOR signal from a station at 240 amsl. Assuming
no other factors are involved the maximum range at which the signal could be detected is:
A) 151 nm
B) 151 km
C) 116 km
D) 116 nm

Using a VOR beyond the limits of the DOC may result in:
A) loss of signal due to line of sight limitations.
B) scalloping errors.
C) interference from other VOR’ s operating on the same frequency.
D) skywave contamination of the VOR signal.

The frequency range of a VOR receiver is:

A) 108 to 135.95 MHz.
B) 108 to 117.95 MHz.
C) 108 to 111.95 MHz.
D) 118 to 135.95 MHz.

An aircraft heading 140° (M) bears 320° (T) from a VOR (VAR 10° E). The bearing, selected on the
OBS which would make the VOR/ILS deviation indicator show TO would be:
A) 320°
B) 315°
C) 120°
D) 130°

The ICAO designation for VOR is:

A) J3E
B) A8W
C) A9W
D) A3W
The principle advantage of Doppler VOR is that:
A) the effective range is increased.
B) site errors are considerably reduced.
C) transmitter frequency instability is minimised.
D) a readout of range as well as bearing is obtained.

An aircraft is 100 NM from a VOR facility. Assuming no error when using a deviation indicator where 1
dot = 2° deviation, how many dots deviation from the centre line of the instrument will represent the
limits of the airway boundary? (Assume that the airway is 10 NM wide)
A) 1.5
B) 3.0
C) 4.5
D) 6.0

When a maximum range and altitude is published for a VOR?

A) The terrain will cause bends and/or scalloping on the VOR signal and
make it inaccurate outside standards in the airspace outside the
published airspace.
B) The reception from this VOR is guaranteed free from harmful interference
from other VORs when you are within this airspace.
C) The signal from the VOR will be too weak to provide information when
you are outside this airspace.
D) You are guaranteed to receive no interference to the VOR signal from
other radio transmissions as long as you are within the air space
published.

What is the maximum theoretical range that an aircraft at FL150 can receive signals from a VOR
situated 609 feet above MSL?
A) 184 NM
B) 156 NM
C) 147 NM
D) 220 NM

An aircraft is required to approach a VOR station via the 244° radial. In order to obtain correct sense
indications the deviation indicator should be set to:
A) 244° with the FROM flag showing.
B) 244° with the TO flag showing.
C) 064° with the TO flag showing.
D) 064° with the FROM flag showing.

An aircraft is on a bearing of 263° (M) from a VOR station, the OBI is set to 091° , the deviation
indicator will show:
A) FROM and fly left 4 dots.
B) TO and fly right 4 dots.
C) TO and fly left 4 dots.
D) FROM and fly right 4 dots.
An aircraft is over flying a VOR at 30.000 ft, at a groundspeed of 300 kt. The maximum time during
which no usable signals will be received (in minutes and seconds) is:
A) 0.50
B) 1:40
C) 4.40
D) 2.25

Which of the following can affect the accuracy of VOR?

A) Sky waves.
B) Thunderstorms nearby.
C) Night effect.
D) Coastal refraction.

41. With reference to a VOR, the cone of confusion is:

A) the change over from TO to FROM when the OBS is set 90° to the radial.
B) the area outside the DOC.
C) the area directly overhead a VOR.
D) the change over from TO to FROM when the OBS is set 90° to the radial.

In order to establish what radial you are on, you could:

A) Read the OBS when the CDI is centred and the TO/FROM is showing TO.
B) Turn the aircraft until the CDI is centred. The aircraft magnetic heading is
now the reciprocal of the radial you are on.
C) Turn the OBS to make the TO/FROM change from TO to FROM. The OBS
is now indicating the radial you are on.
D) Rotate the OBS until the CDI gets centred and the TO/FROM indicator is
showing FROM. Then read the radial on the OBS.

An aircraft is flying on the true track 090° towards a VOR station located near the equator where the
magnetic variation is 15° E. The variation at the aircraft position is 8° E. The aircraft is on VOR radial:
A) 262° .
B) 278° .
C) 285° .
D) 255° .

An aircraft on a heading of 270° (M) has 093 set on the OBS and TO indicated on the VOR L/R
deviation indicator. The needle shows two dots fly left. The aircraft is on the:
A) 089° radial
B) 269° radial
C) 277° radial.
D) 097° radial
Given: VOR station position N61° E025° , variation 13° E; Estimated position of an aircraft N59°
E025° , variation 20° E. What VOR radial is the aircraft on?
A) 347° .
B) 167° .
C) 193° .
D) 160° .

In which frequency band do VOR transmitters operate?

A) SHF
B) UHF
C) EHF
D) VHF

An aircraft is on a VOR radial of 235° , heading 003° (M), and with the OBS set to 060. The correct
indications are:
A) FROM; 1/2 Scale deflection to the left.
B) TO; 1/2 Scale deflection to the left.
C) TO; 1/2 Scale deflection to the right.
D) FROM; 1/2 Scale deflection to the right.
A VOR frequency is selected and VOR and DME indications are received on the appropriate indicators.
The VOR ident is GDV and the DME MFT. This indicates that VOR and DME transmitters are:
A) this indicates that GDV is a TACAN installation.
B) serving the same location and may be plotted after checking the two positions.
C) co-located, and the bearing and range can be plotted from the VOR position.
D) at two independent positions and are not related.
During maintenance, malfunction or testing the identification signal of a VOR transmitter is (i) by (ii)
or (iii).
A) (i) removed; (ii) an antiphase signal; (iii) suppression
B) (i) suppressed; (ii) a continuous tone; (iii) removed
C) (i) suppressed; (ii) a modulated tone; (iii) suppression
D) (i) replaced; (ii) a continuous tone; (iii) morse letter S

The RMI indicates aircraft magnetic heading. To convert the RMI bearings of NDBs and VOR’ s to true
bearings the correct positions to read magnetic variation are: (VOR), (NDB)
A) beacon position, beacon position.
B) beacon position, aircraft position.
C) aircraft position, beacon position.
D) aircraft position, aircraft position.

A VOR is sited at position A (45° 00N, 010° 00E). An aircraft is located at position B (44° 00N, 010°
00E).
Assuming that the magnetic variation at A is 10° W and at B is 15° W, the aircraft is on VOR radial:
A) 180°
B) 185°
C) 190°
D) 195°
An airway 10 NM wide is to be defined by two VOR’ s each having a resultant bearing accuracy of plus
or minus 5.5° . In order to ensure accurate track guidance within the airway limits the maximum
distance apart for the transmitter is approximately:
A) 105 NM.
B) 165 NM.
C) 50 NM.
D) 210 NM.

What is the approved frequency band assigned to VOR?

A) 108-117,975 MHz which is LF
B) 108-117,975 MHz which is VHF
C) 108-117,975 MHz which is MF
D) 108-117,975 MHz which is HF

For an aircraft at 30.000 ft what is the maximum radius above a VOR where unreliable or no signals at
all may be received:
A) 2 nm.
B) 5 nm
C) 3 nm
D) 4 nm

The maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at FL210 may receive signals from a VOR facility
sited 340 feet above mean sea level is approximately:
A) 204 NM.
B) 183 NM.
C) 245 NM.
D) 163 NM.

When using an RMI as an indicator for the VOR receiver?

A) You will read the drift as the angle between the OBS bug and the tip of the VOR needle.
B) You will read the number of the received radial under the tail of the VOR needle.
C) You will read the number of the received radial under the tip of the VOR needle.
D) The TO/FROM indication on the RMI will indicate which way to turn the aircraft in order
to fly towards the VOR station being received

The VOR in an aircraft is correctly tuned and set to define

the centre line of a standard airway. The signal received
on the VOR/ILS deviation indicator is shown. At the same
time the DME gives a range of 45 nm from the facility.
The aircraft is displaced from the centre line by:
A) 4 nm
B) 9 nm
C) 10 nm
D) 8 nm
When tracking a VOR radial inbound the aircraft would fly?
A) a rhumb line track.
B) a constant track.
C) a constant heading.
D) a great circle track.

The VOR in an aircraft is correctly tuned and set to define

the centre line of a standard airway. The signal received
on the VOR/ILS deviation indicator is shown. At the same
time the DME gives a range of 45 nm from the facility.
Assuming still air conditions, on regaining the centre line,
it will be necessary to make the following:
A) right onto 085°
B) left onto 085°
C) left onto 275°
D) right onto 275°

A VOT is:
A) a trial VOR.
B) a tracking VOR
C) a terminal VOR.
D) a test VOR.

The approximate width of the cone of confusion at 15.000 ft overhead a VOR beacon should not be
greater than?
A) 4 nm
B) 2 nm
C) 3 nm
D) 6 nm

61. When using a DVOR, the pilot should be aware that the reference and variable signals are
reversed. This:
A) reverses the indications.
B) improves the accuracy.
C) improves the range.
D) does not affect the VOR indications in any way.

An aircraft at 6400 FT will be able to receive a VOR ground station at 100 FT above MSL at an
approximate maximum range of:
A) 110 NM
B) 120 NM
C) 90 NM
D) 100 NM
An aircraft on a heading of 270° (M) has 093 set on the OBS and TO indicated on the VOR L/R
deviation indicator. With the needle showing 2 dots fly left the aircraft is situated on:
A) 089° radial.
B) 269° radial.
C) 277° radial.
D) 097° radial.

With reference to the VOR:

A) A typical VOR frequency is 118.15 Mhz.
B) Failure of the monitor will cause the beacon to cease its ident.
C) Wide coverage is obtained from only a few beacons.
D) The TO/FROM indicator shows whether the aircraft is heading towards or
away from the beacon.

An aeroplane is on radial 070° of a VOR, HDG is 270° . If the OBS is set to 260° , the CDI will show:
A) fly right FROM
B) fly left FROM
C) fly right TO.
D) fly left TO.

If the reference phase differs 30° with the variable phase the radial from the VOR station will be:
A) 030°
B) 210°
C) 330°
D) 150°

The two signals transmitted by a conventional VOR ground station are 90° out of phase on magnetic:
A) west.
B) east.
C) north.
D) south.

Which of the following lists information required to input a waypoint or Phantom Station into a basic
VOR/DME- based Area Navigation System?
A) Magnetic track and distance from the aircraft to the waypoint or Phantom Station.
B) Radial and distance from a VOR/DME to the waypoint or Phantom Station.
C) Magnetic track and distance to a VOR/DME from the Waypoint or
Phantom Station.
D) Radials from a minimum of two VOR’ s to the waypoint or Phantom Station.

An aircraft is on radial 120 with a magnetic heading of 300° , the track selector (OBS) reads: 330. The
indications on the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) are fly:
A) left with TO showing.
B) left with FROM showing.
C) right with FROM showing.
D) right with TO showing.
A VOR is sited at position 58° 00 N 073° 00 W where the magnetic variation equals 32° W. An aircraft
is located at position 56° 00 N 073° 00 W where the magnetic variation equals 28° W. The aircraft is
on VOR radial:
A) 212.
B) 360.
C) 180.
D) 208.

An aircraft is on a heading of 100 degrees (m) from a VOR. To make the VOR/ILS deviation indicator
needle centralise with the TO flag showing, the following bearing should be selected on the OBS:
A) 280 degrees.
B) 100 degrees.
C) 110 degrees.
D) 290 degrees.

Given: Magnetic heading 280° VOR radial 090° What bearing should be selected on the omni-bearing
selector in order to centralise the VOR deviation needle with a TO indication?
A) 100°
B) 270°
C) 090°
D) 280°

An aircraft is attempting to track 186° M on an airway

defined by a VOR 80nm away. The VOR indicator indicates
the aircraft position. With these indications the aircraft is on
the... radial and ... the airway.
A) 001° , inside.
B) 001° , outside.
C) 181° , outside.
D) 181° , inside.

When the warning flag on a VOR indicator appears, it may indicate?

A) That no signal is received.
B) That the received signal is too week to be processed in the receiver.
C) All 3 answers are correct.
D) That the quality of the received signal is so poor that a stable
establishment of phase difference between the reference and the variable
signal is not possible.
If VOR bearing information is used beyond the published protection range, errors could be caused by:
A) interference from other transmitters.
B) sky wave interference from the same transmitter.
C) sky wave interference from distant transmitters on the same frequency.
D) noise from precipitation static exceeding the signal strength of the transmitter.

Which frequency band is used by VOR transmissions?

A) UHF
B) VHF
C) HF
D) SHF

The average total system error using VOR is:

A) +/- 2,5°
B) +/- 3,5°
C) +/- 7,5°
D) +/- 5°
An Omni-bearing selector (OBS) shows full deflection to the left when within range of a serviceable
VOR. What angular deviation are you from the selected radial?
A) less than 10° .
B) 10° or more.
C) 2.5 or more
D) 1.5° or more.

If the compass providing information to the RMI suddenly gets a 20° deviation:
A) all 3 answers are correct.
B) the number of the received radial may still be read on the compass card under the tail of
the VOR needle.
C) the magnetic track to the VOR station may be read on the compass card under the tip of
the VOR needle.
D) the relative bearing to the VOR, as observed on the RMI, will jump 20° .

The letters QTX and adjacent symbol indicate a:

A) VOR/DME
B) VOR
C) Airport
D) TACAN

81. An aircraft on a heading of 280° (M) is on a bearing of 090° (M) from a VOR. The bearing you
should select on the OMNI bearing selector to centralise the VOR/ILS left/right deviation needle with a
TO indication is:
A) 100°
B) 090°
C) 280°
D) 270°
The basic principle of VOR is:
A) bearing by phase comparison.
B) bearing by frequency and amplitude modulation.
C) range by phase comparison.
D) range by frequency and amplitude modulation.

Using a 5 dot CDI, how many dots would show for an aircraft on the edge of an airway at 100 nm
from the VOR beacon?
A) 5
B) 3
C) 2.5
D) 1.5

Refer to the diagram of a VOR/ILS deviation indicator.

Assume that the indicator is set to define the centreline of
an airway, that the aircraft is 90nm from the VOR and
inbound to the facility. At the time of observation the
aircraft was located on radial:
A) 063°
B) 253°
C) 245°
D) 243°

The VOR system is limited to about 1° of accuracy. One degree at 200 NM represents a width of:
A) 3.5 NM.
B) 3.0 NM.
C) 2.0 NM.
D) 2.5 NM.

Given:
Aircraft heading 160° (M).
Aircraft is on radial 240° from a VOR.
Selected course on HSI is 250° .
The HSI indications are deviation bar:
A) ahead of the aeroplane symbol with the FROM flag showing.
B) behind the aeroplane symbol with the FROM flag showing.
C) behind the aeroplane symbol with the TO flag showing.
D) ahead of the aeroplane symbol with the TO flag showing.