Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

M. Tech

IN

POWER SYSTEMS

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABI

(Applicable from 2023 admission onwards)

Department of Electrical Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT
Kozhikode – 673 601, KERALA, INDIA

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

The Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) of

M. Tech in Power Systems

Apply enhanced knowledge and skills in the area of power systems so as to

PEO1 excel in various sectors in modern power industry/utility and/ or teaching
and/or higher education and / or research.
Engage in design of novel products and strategic solutions to real life problems
PEO2 in the areas of power systems that are technically sound, economically feasible
and socially acceptable.
Exhibit professionalism, keep up ethics in profession and demonstrate
PEO3 communication skills, leadership qualities as well as willingness to work in
groups.

Programme Outcomes (POs) of M. Tech in Power Systems

Ability to independently carry out research /investigation and development work to

PO1
solve practical problems

PO2 Ability to write and present a substantial technical report/document

Ability to demonstrate a degree of mastery over the area as per the specialization of the
PO3 program. The mastery should be at a level higher than the requirements in the
appropriate bachelor program
Ability to utilize the acquired knowledge to take up administrative challenges
PO4 including the management of projects in the field of Power Systems having
multidisciplinary nature with a perspective to maintain lifelong learning process.
Willingness and ability to upkeep professional ethics and social values while
PO5 carrying out the responsibilities as a Power System engineer/researcher in devising
solutions to real life engineering problems in an independent manner.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

CURRICULUM
Total credits for completing the M. Tech programme in Power Systems is 75.

COURSE CATEGORIES AND CREDIT REQUIREMENTS:

The structure of M. Tech programme shall have the following Course Categories:
Sl. No. Course Category Minimum Credits
1. Program Core (PC) 29
2. Program Electives (PE) 09
3. Institute Elective (IE) 02
4. Projects 35

The effort to be put in by the student is indicated in the tables below as follows:
L: Lecture (One unit is of 50-minute duration)
T: Tutorial (One unit is of 50-minute duration)
P: Practical (One unit is of one hour duration)
O: Outside the class effort / self-study (One unit is of one hour duration)

PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Semester I
Sl. Course
Course Title L T P O Credits Category
No. Code
Mathematical Methods for
1. MA6003E 3 0 0 6 3 PC
Power Engineering
Computer Methods
2. EE6201E 3 1 0 5 3 PC
in Power System Analysis
Power Converters for Power
3. EE6202E 3 1 0 5 3 PC
Systems Application
Advanced Power System
4. EE6203E 3 1 0 5 3 PC
Operation and Control
Signal Processing for Power
5. EE6204E 3 1 0 5 3 PC
Systems
6. Programme Elective-1 3 0 0 6 3 PE
Power Systems
7. EE6291E 0 0 2 1 1 PC
Computation Lab
8. Institute Elective 2 0 0 4 2 IE
Total 20 4 2 37 21
Semester II
Sl. Course
Course Title L T P O Credits Category
No. Code
Power System Stability and 3 PC
1. EE6211E 3 1 0 5
Dynamics
2. EE6212E FACTS and HVDC 3 1 0 5 3 PC

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

Digital Protection of Power 3 PC

3. EE6213E 3 1 0 5
systems
Power System Economics 3 PC
4. EE6214E 3 1 0 5
and Deregulation
5. Programme Elective -2 3 0 0 6 3 PE
6. Programme Elective- 3 3 0 0 6 3 PE
Advanced Power Systems 1 PC
7. EE6292E 0 0 2 1
Lab
8. EE6293E Project Phase I 0 0 3 3 2 PC
Total 18 4 5 36 21
Semester III
Sl. Course
Course Title L T P O Credits Category
No. Code
1. EE7291E Project Phase II* 0 0 6 3 3 PC
2. EE7292E Project Phase III 0 0 30 15 15 PC
Total 0 0 36 18 18 --
*to be completed during Summer
Semester IV
Sl. Course
Course Title L T P O Credits Category
No. Code
1. EE7293D Project Phase IV 0 0 30 15 15 PC
Total 0 0 30 15 15

List of Electives**

Sl. Course
Course Title L T P O Credits
No. Code
Power Quality Issues and 3 0 0
1. EE6221E 3 6
Remedial Measures
Wide Area Monitoring and 3 0 0
2. EE6222E 3 6
Control of Power Systems
3. EE6223E Power System Reliability 3 0 0 3 6
Parallel and Distributed 3 0 0
4. EE6224E 3 6
Processing of Power Systems
5. EE6225E Smart Grid Technologies 3 0 0 3 6
Distributed Generation and 3 0 0
6. EE6226E 3 6
Microgrids
7. EE6227E Power System Automation 3 0 0 3 6
8. EE6228E Data Analytics in Power Systems 3 0 0 3 6
9. EE6229E Power Distribution Systems 3 0 0 3 6
Development and Evaluation of 3 0 0
10. EE6230E 3 6
Power Projects
11. EE6101E Systems Theory 3 0 0 3 6

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

12. EE6103E Principles of Measurement 3 0 0 3 6

Systems
13. EE6111E Digital Control: Theory 3 0 0 3 6
and Design
14. EE6114E Advanced Sensing Systems and 3 0 0 3 6
Interfacing Circuits
15. EE6302E Dynamics of Electrical Machines 3 0 0 3 6
EE6322E Static VAR Controllers and
16. 3 0 0 3 6
Harmonic Filtering
17. EE6424E Engineering Optimization and 3 0 0 3 6
Algorithms
18. EE6429E SCADA Systems and 3 0 0 3 6
Applications
EE6511E Extra High Voltage Power
19. 3 0 0 3 6
Transmission
EE6514E Condition monitoring of High 6
20. 3 0 0 3
Voltage Equipment

List of Institute Electives

Sl. Course
Course Title L T P O Credits
No. Code
1 ZZ6001E Research Methodology 2 0 0 4 2
Technical Communication
2 MS6174E 2 1 0 3 2
and Writing
Entrepreneurship
3 IE6001E 2 0 0 4 2
Development

** List of Electives offered in each semester will be announced by the Department. Any other PG level
course approved by the senate offered in the Institute can also be credited as Programme Electives
with the prior approval of the Programme Coordinator.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

MA6003E MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR POWER ENGINEERING

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3
Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Solve systems of linear equations using the language of matrices.
CO2: Apply the concept of vectors spaces, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
CO3: Solve unconstrained and constrained nonlinear programming problems.
CO4: Determine approximate solutions to transcendental equations and system of equations using numerical
methods.
CO5: Evaluate definite integrals and solve ODEs using numerical methods.
Linear Algebra
System of linear equations: Range space and Null space of a matrix, Rank of a matrix, Existence and uniqueness of solution
of the system of linear equations, Dimension of the Solution Space associated with the system of linear equations.
Vector Spaces: Definition of Vector space, Sub spaces, linearly independence and dependence, linear Span, Basis,
Dimension. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Similarity matrices, Complex
matrices.
Optimization Methods
Unconstrained one-dimensional optimization techniques, Necessary and sufficient conditions, Unrestricted search methods,
Fibonacci and Golden section method. Unconstrained n dimensional optimization techniques, Descent methods, Steepest
descent, conjugate gradient. Constrained optimization Techniques, Necessary and sufficient conditions, Equality and
inequality constraints, Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Gradient projection method.
Numerical Methods
Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations: fixed point iteration method, Newton Raphson method. Solution of
linear system of equations, Gauss elimination method, Pivoting, Gauss Jordan method, Iterative methods: Gauss Jacobi,
Gauss Seidel and relaxation method, Newton’s method for nonlinear system of equations. Numerical Integration:
Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, Composite integration methods, Gauss quadrature methods. Numerical Solution of
Ordinary Differential Equations: Euler's method, Euler's modified method, Taylor's method, Runge-Kutta method,
Multistep methods, Milne's and Adams’ methods, Predictor-Corrector methods.

References:

1. G. Strang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, Wellesley MA: Cambridge Press, 2016.

2. D M Simmons, Nonlinear Programming for Operations Research, Prentice Hall, 1975.
3. G Mohan and Kusum Deep, Optimization Techniques, New age International Publishers,2009.
4. Jain M.K., Iyengar S.R.K., Jain R.K., Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, 8th
edition, New Age International (P) Ltd, 2022.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6201E COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 1 0 5 3
Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Formulate network admittance and impedance matrix for various analyses of power systems
CO2: Execute load flow and short circuit analysis on large scale AC, DC and AC-DC power systems using digital
techniques.
CO3: Choose appropriate the load flow methods on various distribution systems
CO4: Develop mathematical models for State Estimation and Contingency analysis
CO5: Assess the various security measures taken for operation of power system
Network Modelling
Network modelling - System Graph. Loop, Cutest and Incidence Matrices - Y Bus Formation – Mutually coupled branches
in Y Bus - solution techniques for linear networks -Gaussian Elimination, LU Factorization, Network reduction techniques
- Sparsity programming and Optimal Ordering - [ZBUS] Building Algorithm with Mutually coupled branches - digital
simulation.

Load Flow Studies and Fault Analysis

Power Flow Analysis: Review of Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson, Decoupled and Fast Decoupled Methods, DC Power
Flow, AC-DC Load Flow Analysis, Load Flow under Power Electronic Control
Fault Analysis: Review of Sequence Matrices- Review of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Short-Circuit Analysis of Large
Power Systems - Phase Shift in Sequence Quantities Due to Transformers - digital simulation

Distribution System Analysis

Load flow analysis of balanced and unbalanced radial distribution system – Load flow analysis of weakly meshed system
– Backward/forward sweep - Direct approach - Direct approach for weakly meshed systems - Gauss Implicit Z-matrix
Method - Short-circuit analysis: Sequence-components vs. phase-variable - LG, LLG, LLLG, and LL Faults - Weakly
meshed system - Applications of distribution system analysis

Power System Security and State Estimation

Power system security - Contingency analysis - adding and removing multiple lines, Analysis of single and multiple
contingencies, Contingency Analysis by DC model, System reduction for contingency and fault studies – linear sensitivity
factors – AC power flow methods – contingency selection – concentric relaxation – bounding-security constrained optimal
power flow-Interior point algorithm-Bus incremental costs.
State estimation – least square and weighted least square estimation methods for linear and non-linear systems. Static state
estimation of power systems- injections only and line only algorithms, Treatment of bad data – detection, identification and
suppression of bad data.

References:
1. John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003
2. Haadi A. Sadat, Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., India, 2000.
3. George L. Kusic, Computer Aided Power System Analysis, Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1989.
4. J. Arrilaga, C.P. Arnold, B.J. Harker, Computer modelling of Electric Power Systems, Wiley, New York, 1983.
5. A.K. Mahaianabis, D.P. Kothari, S.I. Ahson, Computer Aided Power System Analysis & Control,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1988.
6. O.I. Elgard, Electric Energy System Theory: An Introduction, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1982.
7. Mariesa L. Crow, Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems, CRC Press, 2010.
8. Arthur R. Bergen, Vijay Vittal, Power Systems Analysis, Pearson Education, 2009.
9. Allen J. Wood, Bruce Wollenberg and Gerald B. Sheble, ‘Power Generation, Operation and Control’, 3rd Edition.
John Wiley and Sons, 2013

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6202E POWER CONVERTERS FOR POWER SYSTEMS APPLICATION

L T P O C

Pre-requisites: NIL 3 1 0 5 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Understand various VSC Topologies used in various Power System applications of Power Electronic Converters
CO2: Analyse the operation and performance of Two-Level Single phase and Three phase VSCs under various
modulation schemes.
CO3: Examine the operation of various multipulse VSCs, three-level NPC VSCs and Cascaded H Bridge VSCs that are
routinely employed in Power System Applications.
CO4: Develop the capability to model VSC based systems in αβ- frame and dq-frame for designing control systems for
them.
CO5: Examine different operational and design aspects of controllers for controlling a grid-connected VSC System in
αβ-frame and dq-frame for meeting different control objectives.

Introduction
Power Electronic Converters & Converter Systems: PE Switches – Switch Classification, Switch Characteristics,
Classification of Converters – based on commutation process, based on terminal voltage & waveforms, Voltage-Sourced
Converters (VSC) – Basic configurations.

Brief Survey of applications of VSCs in Power Systems: STATCOM, DSTATCOM, SSSC, DVR, PQC, UPFC, Active
Filters, VSC-based HVDC, Renewable Energy Grid Interface etc., Self-sustained DC Bus versus Active DC Bus in Power
System Applications of VSC, Two Basic Strategies for Control of AC Side and DC Side in VSC-Based Power System
Applications – Synchronous Link Power Control Principles, Current Regulation in VSCs.

Advanced VSC Configurations: Multimodule VSC, Multipulse VSC, Multilevel VSC, Modular Multilevel VSC (Ref.1 -
Chapter 1)

Two-Level VSC Modulation Schemes

Single Phase Two-Level VSC: Half-bridge and Full-bridge Single Phase VSC with square wave switching, Harmonic
performance, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) for Single Phase half-bridge and full-bridge VSC, Bipolar
versus Unipolar SPWM, Harmonics and filtering, Leakage current issue in SPWM Single Phase Inverters fed from Solar
Panels, The H5 Inverter for Photovoltaic application (Ref.5 – Chapter 8, Ref.6 – Chapter 6, Ref.3 – Chapter 2)

Three Phase Two-Level VSC : 1800 and 1200 square wave operation of basic 6-pulse three-phase Inverter - Analysis of
waveforms for 1800 mode with R-Load and RL-Load, Programmed Harmonic Elimination (PHE) for 2-Level three-phase
VSC – Implementation of PHE, SPWM for 2-Level three-phase VSC – harmonics; choice of carrier frequency; DC Voltage
utilisation; third harmonic injection ; filtering requirements, (Ref.5 – Chapter 8, Ref.6 – Chapter 6, Ref.2 – Chapter 6,
Ref.4 – Chapter 3)

Space Vector Modulation (SVM) : Motivation for SVM for Three-phase Two-Level VSC, Switching States, Space Vectors,
Dwell Time calculation, Modulation Index, Switching Sequence, Spectrum Analysis, Even Harmonic Elimination,
Discontinuous SVM (Ref.2 – Chapter 6)

Introduction to Current Regulated Two-Level VSC: Application of Current-regulated VSCs in Power Systems – Grid side
current regulation in a grid-connected single-phase two-level PWM inverter by hysteresis control – Hysteresis current
control in grid-connected three-phase two-level PWM Inverter – Disadvantages of hysteresis current control (Ref.5 –
Chapter 8)
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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

Advanced VSC Configurations

Multipulse VSCs: Harmonics in 6-pulse VSC, 12-pulse VSC arrangement and magnetic involved, harmonic performance
of 12-pulse VSC, 24-pulse VSC arrangement and magnetic involved, harmonic performance of 24-pulse VSC, 48-pulse
VSC arrangement and magnetic involved, harmonic performance of 48-pulse VSC, Combining PHE and Multipulsing –
motivation, implementation aspects. (Ref.4 – Chapter 3)

Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverters: Three Level Single Phase Half Bridge Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) VSC, PWM
Scheme for Half Bridge NPC - Harmonic performance, Three Level NPC Three Phase VSC with impressed DC Voltages,
NPC VSC with Capacitive DC Side Voltage Divider – Partial DC Side Voltage drift; DC Side Voltage Equalisation; DC
Side Currents (Ref.1 – Chapter 6, Ref.4- Chapter 3, Ref.2 – Chapter 8)
Space Vector Modulation for NPC VSC (Self-study by using Ref.2 – Chapter 8 Sections 8.3 & 8.4)

Cascaded H Bridge Inverters: CHB Inverter with equal DC voltages, CHB Inverter with unequal DC voltages, Carrier
based PWM Schemes – Phase shifted Multicarrier Modulation; Level shifted Multicarrier Modulation; comparison,
Staircase Modulation. (Ref.2 – Chapter 7)

Modelling & Control of Grid-Connected VSC

Half-bridge PWM VSC Modelling & Control: Switched Model, Averaged Model, Non-ideal Converter, Averaged Model
for Non-ideal Converter, AC Side Control model of Half-bridge converter, Control of Half-bridge converter, Feedforward
compensation and its impact, Sinusoidal Command Following (Ref.1 – Chapters 2&3)

Space Phasors & Two dimensional Frames : Space Phasor – definition; changing amplitude and phase of a three-phase
signal; generating a controllable amplitude controllable frequency three-phase signal, αβ-frame – αβ representation of a
space phasor; realization of signal generators and signal conditioners in αβ frame; power in αβ-frame; control in αβ-frame;
representation of systems in αβ-frame, dq-frame – dq representation of a space phasor; realization of signal generators and
signal conditioners in dq frame; power in dq-frame; control in dq-frame; representation of systems in dq-frame, Averaged
Model of a two-level VSC, Model of a two-level VSC in αβ-frame, Model of a two-level VSC in dq-frame (Ref.1 – Chapters
4&5 )

Control of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC in αβ-frame: Structure of grid-imposed frequency VSC System, Real/Reactive
Power Control – Current-mode versus Voltage-mode control; Model of Real/Reactive Power Controller αβ-frame; Current-
mode Control Real/Reactive Power in αβ-frame; Selection of DC Bus Voltage Level, Controlled DC Voltage Power Port –
Model of Controlled DC Voltage Power Port in αβ-frame; DC Bus Voltage Control in αβ-frame. (Ref.1 – Chapter 7)

Control of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC in dq-frame: Dynamic Model of Real/Reactive Power Controller dq-frame; PLL
and Compensator for PLL; Current-mode Control Real/Reactive Power in dq-frame; Selection of DC Bus Voltage Level;
AC Side equivalent circuit, Controlled DC Voltage Power Port – Model of Controlled DC Voltage Power Port in dq-frame;
DC Bus Voltage Control in dq-frame. (Ref.1 – Chapter 8 )

References:

1. Amirnaser Yazdani & Reza Iravani, Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems, IEEE Press, John Wiley &
Sons, 2010
2. Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre and Pedro Roderiguez Bin Wu, High Power Converters and AC Drives, IEEE
Press, John Wiley & Sons, 2006
3. Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre and Pedro Rodriguez, Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power
System’, IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons, 2011
4. Narain G. Hingorani and Laszlo Gyugyi, Understanding FAC’, IEEE Press, 2000.
5. Mohan, Ned, Tore M. Undeland, and William P. Robbins. Power electronics: converters, applications, and design.
John wiley and sons, 2003.
6. Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics, Third Edition, Pearson Education, 2004

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6203E ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

L T P O C

Pre-requisites: NIL 3 1 0 5 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Analyse the economic operation of Thermal and Hydro generating units
CO2: Apply conventional optimization techniques for evaluation of Unit Commitment problem
CO3: Evaluate Economic Load dispatch, Unit Commitment and Automatic Generation control problems
CO4: Determine the critical switching transient power systems
CO5: Examine travelling wave propagation on transmission lines

Unit commitment and economic dispatch

Economic operation - Load forecasting - Unit commitment – Economic dispatch problem of thermal units – Gradient
method- Newton’s method – Base point and participation factor method. Hydro-thermal co-ordination-Hydroelectric plant
models – short term hydrothermal scheduling problem - gradient approach – Hydro units in series - pumped storage hydro
plants-hydro - scheduling using Dynamic programming and linear programming – Real and Reactive Power Scheduling -
Inter change evaluation and power pools-Economy interchange evaluation with unit commitments. Types of interchange.
Energy banking-power pools.

Voltage and frequency control

Generation Control Loops. AVR Loop. Performance and Response. Automatic Generation Control of Single Area and Multi
Area Systems. Static and Dynamic Response of AGC Loops – analysis using digital simulation - Economic Dispatch and
AGC, AGC in a Deregulated Environment, Recent advances in AGC
MVAR control - Application of voltage regulator – synchronous condenser – transformer taps – static VAR compensators
Ancillary Service Management – Frequency Control-Network Control-System Restart-Blackout -Restoration-Case Studies.
Congestion Management-Indian Grid Code- Introduction to Power Systems Monitoring-SCADA-WAMS- Functions of
Load Despatch Centre

Power system transients

Transients in electric power systems - Circuit closing transient – Recovery transient initiated by removal of short circuit –
double frequency transient – Numerical techniques for transient Simulation - Damping of transients – Internal and external
causes of over voltages-- Travelling waves in transmission lines – Circuits with distributed constants – Wave equations –
Reflection and refraction of travelling waves – Travelling waves at different line terminations
Abnormal switching transients: Current chopping – Capacitance switching - Switching off of capacitor banks and reactor
banks – Symmetrical components for solving three phase switching transients.

References:
1. Robert H. Miller, James H. Malinowski, Power system operation, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009
2. Allen J. Wood, Bruce Wollenberg and Gerald B. Sheble, Power Generation, Operation and Contro’, 3rd Edition. John
Wiley and Sons, 2013,
3. Abhijit Chakrabarti, Sunita Halder, Power system Analysis-Operation & Control, 3rd Edition, PHI, 2010.
4. T J Miller, ‘Reactive Power Control in Electric Systems’, Wiley, 1982.
5. Mini S. Thomas and John D. McDonald, Power System SCADA and Smart Grids, 1st Edition, CRC
Press, 2015
6. Allan Greenwood, Electrical Transients in Power System, Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, 1991.
7. Philip C. Magnusson, Gerald C. Alexander, Vijai K Tripathi, Andreas Weisshaar, Transmission
lines and wave propagation, CRC press, 2001.
8. Arieh L. Shenkman, Transient analysis of Electric power circuits Handbook, Springer, 2005.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6204E SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR POWER SYSTEMS

L T P O C
Pre-requisites: NIL
3 1 0 5 3
Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Evaluate applications of Digital signal filtering techniques in power systems

CO2: Apply estimation techniques to evaluate power system parameters
CO3: Analyse different signal decomposition techniques
CO4: Evaluate the WAMS signal processing

Power Systems signals in terms of Smart Grid

Need for Signal Processing in Basics of power quality issues, Inrush Current in Power Transformers; Over-Excitation of
Transformers; Transients in Instrument Transformers; Frequency Variation; Voltage Magnitude Variations; Voltage
Frequency Variations, power system protection, Wide area dynamic analysis

Power Systems and signal processing

Stochastic gradient based algorithms – LMS algorithm, Normalized LMS algorithm, Gradient adaptive lattice algorithm.
Mean-squared error behaviour, Convergence analysis, Prediction, filtering and smoothing, adaptive equalization, noise
cancellation, blind deconvolution, adaptive IIR filters, RLS algorithms- GRLS, Gauss-Newton and RM. Basic Digital
System, Parametric Notch FIR Filters; Sine and Cosine FIR Filters, Parametric Filters applications in smart grid,

Filters and Electrical Parameters Estimation

Forward and backward linear prediction, prediction error filters, AR lattice and ARMA Lattice – Ladder filters, Kalman
filters, Wiener filter, Least Square methods for system modelling & Filter Design. Recursive least squares algorithms,
Matrix inversion lemma, Spectrum estimation. Estimation of autocorrelation. Periodogram, Nonparametric and Parametric
methods. Estimation Theory; Least-Squares Estimator; Frequency Estimation; Phasor Estimation; Phasor Estimation in
Presence of DC Component; Spectrum Estimation; Windows; Frequency-Domain Windowing; Interpolation in Frequency
Domain: Multitoned Signal.

Time-Frequency Signal Decomposition

Short-Time Fourier Transform; Sliding Window DFT; Filter Banks; Pattern Recognition, Feature Extraction on the Power
Signal; Signal Detection for Electric Power Systems; Detection Theory.

Time-Frequency Signal Decomposition

Concepts of wavelet, s-transform, heartly s-transforms; Hillbert transform; Gabor transform and applications in power
fluctuations: load fluctuations, wind farm power fluctuations and smart microgrid, Asset Management.

References

1. J.G.Proakis, M. Salehi, Advanced Digital Signal Processing, McGraw –Hill, 1992.

2. Paulo Fernando Ribeiro, Carlos Augusto Duque, Paulo Marcio da Silveira, Augusto Santiago Cerqueira, Power
Systems Signal Processing for Smart Grids, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2014
3. Lizhe Tan Jean Jiang., Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals and Applications [3 rd Edition], Academic Press,
2018
4. Waldemar Rebizant, Janusz Szafran, Andrzej Wiszniewski, Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection
and Control, Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2011
5. CIGRE WG C4.07 (October, 2004) Power quality indices and objectives. Technical Report No 261.
CIGRE/CIRED Working Group C4.07, Power Quality Indices and Objectives, CIGRE Technical Brochure TB
261, Paris.
6. Bollen, M.H.J. (2000) Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interrruptions, Wiley–IEEE
Press.
7. Mitra, S.K, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Approac’, McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc.2006.
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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

8. IEC61869 1-9 (2007 to 2012) Instrument transformers: additional requirements. International Electrotechnical
Commission, Geneva, Switzerland.
9. Hamming, R. Digital Filters, Dover,1998.
10. Vaidyanathan, P.P, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 1993.
11. Sodney Burrus, C., Gopinath, R.A. and Guo, H. Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet Transforms: A Primer ,
Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 1998
12. Bollen, M.H.J. and Gu, I.Y.H. Signal Processing of Power Quality Disturbances, IEEE Press and Wiley
Interscience, NJ. 2006

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6291E POWER SYSTEMS COMPUTATION LAB

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
0 0 2 1 1

Total Practical Sessions: 26

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Apply modern software tools for power system analysis

CO2: Develop software solutions for real life power system problems
CO3: Analyse the performance of different power converters
CO4: Prepare laboratory reports that clearly communicate experimental information in a logical and scientific manner.

List of Experiments

1. Formation of incidence matrices and bus admittance matrix of a power network. (MATLAB/PYTHON)
2. Power flow analysis of standard test systems using ETAP / Mi Power/ DigSilent power factory.
3. Short-circuit analysis of standard test systems using ETAP/ Mi Power/ DigSilent power factory.
4. Transient stability analysis of standard test systems using ETAP
5. ZBUS formation using building-up algorithm. (Using MATLAB/PYTHON)
6. Measurement of sequence reactance of 3-phase alternator and 3-phase transformer.
7. Travelling wave characteristics of transmission lines for different types of terminations using PSCAD.
8. Modeling and analysis of automatic load frequency control of multi-area power systems using MATLAB
9. Determination of synchronous machine reactance and time constant parameters.
10. Design and analysis of the following rectifier and inverter circuits
a. Single- Phase and three-phase Inverters and rectifiers
b. Phase Controlled Circuits
c. Simulate FFT of three phase 6 pulse inverter using unipolar switching and bipolar switching.

Reference

1. Haadi A. Sadat, Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., India, 2000.
2. P. M. Anderson, A. A. Fouad, Power system control and stability, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
3. I.J. Nagarath, D.P. Kothari, Power System Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., NewDelhi,
1994.
4. Mariesa L. Crow, Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems, CRC Press, 2010.
5. Arthur R. Bergen, Vijay Vittal, Power Systems Analysis, Pearson Education, 2009.
6. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, 2006.
7. K.R. Padiyar, Power System Dynamics, Stability And Control, Interline Publishing (P) Ltd.,Bangalore,
1999
8. M. A. Pai, Dheeman Chatterjee, Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill
Education (India) Pvt Ltd., 2014. P
9. Ned Mohan, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
10. P.C. Sen, Power Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
11. G.K.Dubey et.al Thyristorised Power Controllers, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2005.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6211E POWER SYSTEM STABILITY AND DYNAMICS

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C

Total Lecture Sessions: 39 3 1 0 5 3

Course Outcomes
CO1: Model and analyze dynamical systems to address various power system stability problems.
CO2: Execute digital simulation of large power system for small signal and transient stability analyses and develop
stability enhancement methods.
CO3: Analyze the performance of single and multi-machine systems under transient, steady and dynamic conditions
CO4: Model and analyze voltage stability
Introduction to Power System Stability and Machine Modelling
Introduction to Power System Stability - Basic Concepts and definitions of Power System Stability - Classical Machine
Model - Small-Disturbance Stability Analysis of SMIB system - Linearizing SMIB system swing equation - Equal area
criterion - Critical Clearing Angle and Time - Disadvantages of Classical Model Representation of Synchronous Generators
- Representation of Synchronous Machine Dynamics - Stator and rotor windings equations - Synchronous Reference Frame
- Per Unit Representation - Sub-transient and transient reactance - Effect of Saturation on Synchronous Machine Modelling
- Estimation of Synchronous Machine Parameters through Operational Impedance - Case studies and Digital Simulations

Small Signal Stability

Small signal angle instability (low frequency oscillations) - Power System Model for Low Frequency Oscillation Studies,
damping and synchronizing torque analysis, Eigen value Analysis, Introduction to Non-linear stability Analysis.
Improvement of System Damping with Supplementary Excitation Control, Standard models for PSS representation - sub-
synchronous frequency oscillations - Sub Synchronous Resonance and Countermeasures, IEEE Benchmark models for SSR
studies

Transient Stability
Transient Stability Problem, Modeling of Synchronous Machine, Loads, Network, Excitation Systems, Turbine and
Governing Systems, Trapezoidal Rule of Numerical Integration Technique for Transient Stability Analysis, Simultaneous
Implicit Approach for Transient Stability Analysis of Multi-machine Systems, Data for Transient Stability Studies, analysis
using digital simulation - Transient Stability Enhancement Methods

Voltage Stability
Voltage Stability Problem. Real and Reactive Power Flow in Long Transmission Lines. Effect of ULTC and Load
Characteristics on Voltage Stability. Voltage Stability Limit. Voltage Stability Assessment Using PV Curves. Modal
analysis for voltage stability assessment. System Modelling-Static and Dynamic Analysis-Voltage Collapse Proximity
Indices. Voltage Stability Improvement Methods.

References:
1. Vijay Vittal, James D. McCalley, Paul M. Anderson, A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability (IEEE Press
Series on Power and Energy Systems), 3rd Edition, Willey IEEE Press, 2019
2. Prabha S. Kundur, Om Malik, Power System Stability and Control, 2 nd Edition, McGraw Hill 2022
3. K.R. Padiyar, Power System Dynamics, Stability And Control, Interline Publishing (P) Ltd., Bangalore, 1999
4. M A Pai, D P Sen Gupta, K R Padiyar, Small Signal Analysis of Power Systems, Narosa Series in Power and Energy
Systems, 2004
5. C. Van Custem, T. Vournas, Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems, Rlever Academic Press, 1998.
6. Yao-Nan-Yu, Electric Power System Dynamics, Academic Press, 1983
7. J. Arrilaga, C.P. Arnold, B.J. Harker, Computer Modeling of Electrical Power Systems, Wiley, New York, 1983.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6212E FACTS AND HVDC

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C

Total Lecture Sessions: 39 3 1 0 5 3

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Identify the objectives of series and shunt compensation of power systems
CO2: Analyse the performance of Series, Shunt and combined FACTS controllers
CO3: Evaluate the performance of power systems with FACTS controllers
CO4: Analyse HVDC transmission with Current Source Converters and Voltage Source Converters
CO5: Synthesize controllers for LCC Based / Voltage Source Converters based HVDC Links

Introduction of FACTS Concepts & Controllers

FACTS Concepts: Transmission Interconnections, Flow of Power in an AC System, Limits the Loading Capability, Power
Flow and Dynamic Stability Considerations of a Transmission Interconnection, Relative Importance of Controllable
Parameters, Objectives of Shunt and Series compensation at transmission level in Power Systems
Basic FACTS Controllers: Basic of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers, shunt, series,
combined and other controllers, HVDC or FACTS, Static VAr Compensator (SVC) using FC-TCR system and TSC-TCR
system, Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and control, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) -
Operation and Control, Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and its control, Solid State Contactors (SSC) and
TSSC.

Combined Compensators
Combined Compensators: Introduction, Circuit arrangement and operation of Unified power flow controller (UPFC) -
Functions of Series and Shunt Converters in a UPFC - conventional power control capabilities - independent real and
reactive power flow control, control structure, dynamic performance. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) basic operating
principles, control structure, application considerations.

HVDC Transmission – LCC Based HVDC Links

Description of HVDC Transmission Systems – Types of DC Links – Monopolar Link – Bipolar Link – Homopolar Link –
Ground return versus Metallic return – HVDC Transmission Link versus HVDC BTB (Back To Back) Link – Types of
Converters: Line Commutated Converter – Description of various components in a LCC based HVDC Link –DC Cables
and OH Lines – DC Breakers – Ground Electrodes for Monopolar operation.
Comparison of AC and DC Transmission – Limitations of AC System – Advantages of HVDC Transmission –
Disadvantages of HVDC Transmission – Applications of HVDC Links and HVDC BTB Stations with examples of existing
installations for various applications.
Line Commutated Converter(LCC) Based HVDC Links: Operation and quantitative relations for a 6-Pulse LCC in Rectifier
and Inverter Mode with Mode1 Commutation overlap, Commutation Failure in Inversion mode, Reactive Power
requirement of LCC-HVDC Links, Generation of Characteristic and Non-Characteristic Harmonics in the AC Side –
Passive Filters for AC Side Filtering – Single tuned Filter, Double tuned filter, Damped filter – DC Side harmonics and
filtering.
LCC-based HVDC Link Control: Steady-state equivalent circuits of a LCC HVDC Link – Steady-state relations for Rectifier
mode and Inverter mode in terms of firing angle, firing advance angle and extinction angle – Current Margin Control
principles – Link DC Voltage Control – Constant Extinction Angle Control – Power Reversal in the Link –

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

HVDC Transmission – VSC Based HVDC Links

VSC Based HVDC Links: Voltage Source Converters – Description of various VSC topologies used in practice - Description
of various components in a VSC based HVDC Link – Advantages of VSC HVDC System – Disadvantages of VSC HVDC
System – Comparison with LCC Based HVDC System.
Introduction to Modular Multilevel Converter Based VSC: Half-Bridge MMC Converter Operation – Capacitor Voltage
Balancing Problem – Capacitor Voltage Balancing by Sequence Rotation – Capacitor Voltage Balancing by Min/Max
Criterion – Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) for Sinusoidal Output in MMC – Techniques to implement NLM – Voltage
Balancing by Capacitor Voltage Sorting.
Two-Level SPWM VSC HVDC Converter Control: Two-Level SPWM VSC Operation – Converter Control objectives: DC
Side Voltage Control, DC Side Power Control, AC Side PCC Voltage Control, AC Side Reactive Power Control – Link
Control in dq domain – Model of AC Side in dq domain – Model of DC Side in dq domain – Decoupling feedback in dq
domain - Control block diagrams in dq domain for Pdc control, Vdc Control and PCC Voltage Control
Two-Level SPWM VSC HVDC Link Control: Control strategies for two-terminal VSC HVDC Links: Master-Slave Control
Scheme – Voltage Margin Control Scheme – Handling of abnormal conditions in Voltage Margin Control – Voltage Margin
Control Scheme using Dynamic Saturation Limits

References:
1. K R Padiyar, FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution, New Age International Publishers, 2007.
2. X P Zhang, C Rehtanz, B Pal, Flexible AC Transmission Systems- Modelling and Control, Springer Verlag, Berlin,
2006.
3. N.G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems,
IEEE Press Book, Standard Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 2001.
4. G T Heydt, Power Quality, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007.
5. T J E Miller, Static Reactive Power Compensation, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982.
6. K.R. Padiyar, HVDC Power Transmission System, New Age Intl. Co, 2015
7. Dragan Jovcic, Khaled Ahmed, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, Wiley
Publishers, 2015
8. Jos Arrillaga, Yonghe H. Liu, Neville R. Watson, Nicholas J. Murray Self-Commutating Converters for High Power
Applications, Wiley Publishers, 2009

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6213E DIGITAL PROTECTION OF POWER SYSTEMS

L T P O C
Pre-requisites: NIL 3 1 0 5 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Explain various digital protective schemes for transmission lines and power apparatus.
CO2: Select and design instrument transformers for a specific protection scheme design.
CO3: Realise numerical relays in hardware platform.
CO4: Conduct testing and coordination of relays.

Art of relaying
Protective Relaying - Qualities of relaying - Definitions - Codes- Standards; Characteristic Functions; Classification –
analog - digital- numerical; schemes and design-factors affecting performance –zones and degree of protection; faults-types
and evaluation; Instrument transformers for protection.

Digital Relaying
Basic elements of digital protection –signal conditioning- conversion subsystems- relay units-sequence networks-fault
sensing data processing units- FFT and Wavelet based algorithms: least square and differential equation based algorithms-
travelling wave protection schemes; Relay Schematics and Analysis Over Current Relay-Instantaneous/Inverse Time –
IDMT Characteristics; Directional Relays; Differential Relays- Restraining Characteristics; Distance Relays: Types
Characteristics. Relay coordination- Relay setting calculations. Primary and backup protection, application and philosophy
with applied relay engineering examples

Apparatus and System protection

Digital Protection of power system apparatus – protection of generators – Transformer protection – magnetizing inrush
current – Application and connection of transformer differential relays – transformer over current protection. Bus bar
protection - line protection - distance protection–long EHV line protection - Power line carrier protection Motors protection;
Pilot wire and Carrier Current Schemes; Reactor protection – Protection of boosters - capacitors in an interconnected power
system. System grounding –ground faults and protection; Load shedding and frequency relaying; Out of step relaying; Re-
closing and synchronizing.

Advanced Protection Schemes

Integrated and multifunction protection schemes -SCADA based protection systems- Fault Tree Analysis; Testing of
Relays- Field test procedures for protective relays. Adaptive relaying- AI & Fuzzy Based Protection, Intelligent
Transmission Line Relaying Fault Detection

References:
1. A.G.Phadke, James S.Thorp, ‘Computer Relaying for Power Systems’, 2nd EJohn-Wiley and sons, 2009.
2. Waldemar Rebizant , Janusz Szafran, and Andrzej Wiszniewski. “Digital Signal Processing in Power System
Protection and Control”, Springer Publication, 2011.
3. A.T.Johns and S.K.Salman,’Digital Protection for Power Systems” , IEEE Power Series, 1997
4. Stanley H. Horowitz, Arun G. Phadke, and Charles F. Henville. ‘Power System Relaying’, 5th Edition, John Wiley
& Sons 2022
5. D N Vishwakarma, Badri Ram, and Soumya R Mohanty. ‘Power System Protection and Switchgear’, 3rd Edition.
McGraw Hill, 2022
6. Latest IEEE Transactions papers on recent advancements in digital and adaptive relays
7. Latest Digital relay manuals of ABB, Siemens etc.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6214E POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS AND DEREGULATION

Pre-requisite: NIL L T P O C
Total Lecture Sessions: 39 3 1 0 5 3

Course Outcomes

CO1: Understand the principle and operation of deregulated power system.

CO2: Illustrate how electricity is priced in deregulated power markets.
CO3: Explain the working of various electricity markets around the world.
CO4: Understand the economics and business opportunities of utilities and end-consumers

Introduction to Deregulation
Why deregulate? – What to deregulate – Pricing power, energy, and capacity - Power supply and demand – Market structure
and architecture – Spot market – Day ahead market – Real time market – Reserve market – Ancillary services - US and
European market evolution - Reforms in Indian power sector

Energy and Derivative Markets

Concept of marginal cost - Market equilibrium – Market clearing price – Congestion pricing fundamentals – Locational
marginal pricing – Operating reserve pricing – Value-of-lost-load pricing – Pricing losses on lines - Pricing losses at nodes
- Derivative markets – Hedging risk – Contract for difference - Forwards - Futures – Options – Swaps

Power Generation Economics

Cost of Power Generation – Levelized Cost of Energy – Generation Planning – Investment Analysis– Time Value of Money
– Net Present Value – Benefit/cost Ratio – Payback Period - Profit/investment Ratio – Business Economic Feasibility Study
– Power Purchase Agreements

Distribution System and Microgrid Economics

Tariff and Energy Bills – Net Metering – Net Feed-in - Rooftop Solar PV Business models - Customer Savings Analysis –
Grid Parity – Utility and DSO economics - Local energy markets – Virtual power plant and microgrids – Microgrid
prosumer consortium – Role of DSO – Business models

References:

1. Daniel S. Kirschen, Goran Strbac, ‘Fundamentals of Power System Economics, Wiley, 2018.
2. Darryl R. Biggar, Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh, ‘Economics of Electricity Markets’, Wiley-IEEE press, 2014.
3. Mohammad Shahidehpour, Muwaffaq Alomoush, ‘Restructured Electrical Power Systems: Operation: Trading,
and Volatility’, Marcel Dekker Inc., 2001.
4. Steven Stoft, ‘Power System Economics: Designing Markets for Electricity’, Wiley-IEEE Press, May 2002.
5. Anna Creti, Fulvio Fontini, ‘Economics of Electricity’, Cambridge University Press, May 2019.
6. Loi Lei Lai, ‘Power System Restructuring and Deregulation’, Wiley, 2001.
7. Jin Zhong, ‘Power System Economic and Market Operations’, CRC Press, 2018.
8. Kankar Bhattacharya, Math H. J. Bollen, Jaap E. Daalder, ‘Operation of Restructured Power System’, Springer,
2001.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6292E ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C
0 0 2 1 1
Total Practical Sessions: 26

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Apply modern software tools to assess the different state estimation techniques
CO2: Develop software solutions for the economic dispatch of various generation systems
CO3: Use dedicated software tools to analyse the power system under fault conditions
CO4: Use contingency analysis tools for power system security studies
CO5: Prepare laboratory reports that clearly communicate experimental information in a logical and scientific manner.

List of Experiments

1. Design and testing of PLL for Grid interconnection of renewable integrated systems
2. Performance analysis of a three-phase induction machine as an induction generator in the grid connected and self-
excited modes
3. Performance analysis of a three-phase synchronous machine in the isolated and grid connected modes of operation.
4. Develop a program for WLS linear state estimation and Non –linear state estimation
5. Develop a program for DC load flow based WLS Sequential State Estimation.
6. Develop a program for Security constrained OPF using soft computing technique and simulate using application
software.
7. Develop a programme to detect bad measurements
8. Write a program for security analysis using load flow & ranking of contingency.
9. Write a program for ranking of contingency using overload security analysis.
10. Implementation of algorithms based on undistorted sine wave approximation with 2-sample technique and 3-
sample technique
11. Implementation of algorithms based on undistorted sine wave approximation with First and second derivative
technique
12. Implementation of Sachdev’s Least Square Error (LSQ) Algorithm.
13. Implementation of Fourier algorithms using DFT and Sliding DFT
14. Simulation of machine dynamics and analyse the effect of AVR, PSS models
15. Simulation of various faults in power system, Transient over voltages, travelling waves
16. Simulation of SSR
17. Stability studies – i) Large/small signal rotor angle stability ii) voltage instability.
18. Simulation of STATCOM & DSTATCOM, Active Power Filter, DVR, TCSC, UPQC

Note: Normally the practical classes are administered in two cycles of six experiments each. Depending on the
availability of equipment and time, course coordinator may choose the experiments for each cycle.

Reference:

1. Haadi A. Sadat, Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., India, 2000.
2. P. M. Anderson, A. A. Fouad, Power system control and stability, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
3. I.J. Nagarath, D.P. Kothari, Power System Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1994.
4. Mariesa L. Crow, Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems, CRC Press, 2010.
5. Arthur R. Bergen, Vijay Vittal, Power Systems Analysis, Pearson Education, 2009.
6. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, 2006.
7. K.R. Padiyar, Power System Dynamics, Stability And Control, Interline Publishing (P) Ltd., Bangalore, 1999
8. M. A. Pai, Dheeman Chatterjee, Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill Education (India)
Pvt Ltd., 2014.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6293E PROJECT PHASE I

L T P O C
Pre-requisites: NIL
0 0 3 3 2
Course Outcomes:

CO1: Identify and review latest research papers for understanding emerging technologies in the field of power systems.
CO2: Identify a research problem in the areas of power systems and its feasible solutions by summarizing the reviewed
papers.
CO3: Demonstrate the identified problem and its feasible solutions through basic simulations or experiments.
CO4: Document the identified problem and its feasible solutions through a detailed report and demonstrate through an oral
presentation.

Each student has to choose a topic in the field of power systems, outside the M. Tech syllabus and identify latest relevant
literature. Students have to identify a research problem in the field and study the feasible solutions available in the literature.
Preliminary/basic experiments and/or simulations may be used for EE6193E PROJECT PHASE I. This project must be done by
individual student under any faculty of the Electrical Engineering Department as the guide. Students have to submit a detailed
report of the work and give an oral presentation before a panel of examiners.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE7291E PROJECT PHASE II

L T P O C
Pre-requisites: NIL
0 0 6 3 3
Course Outcomes:

CO1: Review literature on any topic in the fields of power systems and formulate a research problem.
CO2: Apply relevant techniques and tools to arrive at feasible solutions for the problem formulated
CO3: Evaluate the solutions developed through simulations and/or experiments.
CO4: Document the problem formulation and its feasible solutions through a detailed report and demonstrate through an
oral presentation.

Each student has to identify and formulate a research problem in the fields of power systems, develop solutions for it and validate
the solutions through experiments and/or simulations. This project may/may not be a continuation of Project Phase I. This project
can also be a preliminary work for the Project Phase III and IV. Faculty members propose projects /broad area of work and student
will be asked to meet the faculty member who is offering the project of interest for guidance. This project must be done by individual
student under any faculty member of the Electrical Engineering Department as the guide. Students can carry out their projects in
R&D organizations/ industries which have facility in the proposed area with an officer from there as external guide and with internal
guide from Department. This project is to be completed during the summer vacation period after the second semester. Students have
to submit a detailed report of the work and give an oral presentation before a panel of examiners.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE7292E PROJECT PHASE III

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
0 0 30 15 15
Course Outcomes:

CO1: Pursue their interest in power systems through design, research, theoretical and experimental approach
CO2: Identify a topic of interest and demonstrate the ability to carry out literature survey and select unresolved problems
in the power systems domain of the selected project topic in
CO3: Gain the expertise to use new tools and techniques for development of cost-effective and environment friendly
designs.
CO4: Effectively communicate by making an oral presentation of the progress of work before an evaluation committee,
develop the ability to write good technical report and to publish the work in reputed conferences/journals.

Project Phase III - may or may not be the continuation of Project Phase I and/or Project Phase II in various topics in power
systems. Faculty members propose projects /broad area of work and student will be asked to meet the faculty member who
is offering the project of interest for guidance. Student can also select the topic for the interdisciplinary project too after
discussions with guide. Students can carry out their projects in R&D organizations/ industries which have facility in the
proposed area with an officer from there as external guide and with internal guide from Department. Students are required
to undertake detailed technical work in the chosen area using one or more of the following: (i) Analytical models (ii)
Computer simulations (iii) Hardware implementation. The assessment of the project will be done at the end of the semester
by a committee. The students will present their project work before the committee. The complete project report is not
expected at the end this semester. However, a 40–50 page typed concise report based on the work done will have to be
submitted by the students to the assessing committee.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE7293E PROJECT PHASE IV

L T P O C
Pre-requisites: NIL 0 0 30 15 15

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Develop comprehensive solution to issues identified in the project work and to meet the requirements as stated in
project proposal.
CO2: Attain the results of the detailed analytical studies conducted, lay down validity and design criteria, for application to
the power system problems.
CO3: Analyse the results critically, interpret the results and justify the achievement of the stated objectives.
CO4: Report the concept and detailed design solution and to effectively communicate the research contributions and publish
in reputed journals/conference

EE7293E PROJECT PHASE IV may be a continuation of EE7292E PROJECT PHASE III in the third semester. Students
should complete the work planned in the third semester, attaining all the objectives, and should prepare the project report
of the complete work done in the two semesters. They are expected to communicate their research contributions in reputed
conferences and/or journals.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6221E POWER QUALITY ISSUES AND REMEDIAL MEASURES

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3

Total Lecture sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Explain various power quality issues, remedial measures and standards.
CO2: Develop models to analyse harmonics in networks and components
CO3: Design active power factor correction based on static VAR compensators and its control techniques
CO4: Analyze series and shunt active power filtering techniques for harmonic cancellation and isolation
CO5: Explain voltage quality improvement techniques and NEC grounding requirements and solutions to
grounding and wiring problems

Power Quality Issues

Introduction-power quality-voltage quality-overview of power quality phenomena-classification of power quality
issues-power quality measures and standards-THD-TIF-DIN-C-message weights-flicker factortransient phenomena-
occurrence of power quality problems-power acceptability curves-IEEE guides,standards and recommended practices

Harmonic Analysis
Harmonics-individual and total harmonic distortion-RMS value of a harmonic waveform-triplex harmonics- important
harmonic introducing devices-SMPS-Three phase power converters-arcing devices saturable devices-harmonic
distortion of fluorescent lamps-effect of power system harmonics on power system equipments and loads. Modeling
of networks and components under non-sinusoidal conditions transmission and distribution systems-shunt capacitors-
transformers-electric machines-ground systems- loads that cause power quality problems-power quality problems
created by drives and its impact on drives.

Power factor improvement

Power factor improvement- Passive Compensation- Passive Filtering- Harmonic Resonance- Impedance Scan
Analysis- Active Power Factor Corrected Single Phase Front End Converters, Control Methods for Single Phase
APFC- Three Phase APFC and Control Techniques- PFC Based on boost conversion technique and Bilateral Single
Phase and Three Phase Converters. Static VAR compensators- SVC and STATCOM.

Active Harmonic Filtering Techniques

Active Harmonic Filtering-Shunt Injection Filter for single phase, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire
systems. d-q domain control of three phase shunt active filters- series active power filtering techniques for harmonic
cancellation and isolation. Uninterruptible Power Supplies- Constant Voltage Transformers - Dynamic Voltage
Restorers for sag, swell and flicker problems. Grounding and wiring - introduction - NEC grounding requirements-
reasons for grounding-typical grounding and wiring problems-solutions to grounding and wiring problems.

References:

1. G.T. Heydt, Electric power quality, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007.

2. Math H. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems, IEEE Press, 2000.
3. J. Arrillaga, Power System Quality Assessment, John wiley, 2000.
4. E Fuchs, M.A.S. Masoum, Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines, Elsevier Inc.,2008.
A. Moreno, Power Quality-Mitigation Technologies in a disturbed environment, Springer, 2007.
5. W.E.Kazibwe, M.H.Sendaula, Electric Power Quality Control Techniques, Van Nostrand Reinhold,1993.
6. J. Arrillaga, B.C. Smith, N.R. Watson & A. R.Wood, Power system Harmonic Analysis, Wiley, 1997.
7. IEEE Transaction and IET Journal papers

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6222E WIDE AREA MONITORING AND CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand Synchrophasor Measurement Techniques
CO2: Implement and test wide area measurement systems
CO3: Realize optimal placement of PMU and state estimation using PMU data CO4:
Monitor, analyse and control power system conditions in real time
Synchrophasors
Phasor Measurement Techniques: Basic Concepts and Definitions SCADA vs PMU, Synchrophasors, Frequency, and
ROCOF, Steady-State and Dynamic Conditions in Power Systems, Classical Phasor Versus Dynamic Phasor, Basic
Definitions of Accuracy Indexes, Algorithms for Synchrophasors, Frequency, and ROCOF, Methods to Calculate
Synchrophasors based on a Steady-State Model and Dynamic Signal Model, Evaluation of Frequency and ROCOF,
Dynamic Behavior of Phasor Measurement Algorithms
Phasor Measurement Units and Phasor Data Concentrators
Phasor measurement units and Phasor data concentrators: WAMS architecture, Sensors for PMUs, International
Standards for Instrument Transformers, Accuracy of Instrument Transformers, Transducer Impact on PMU Accuracy,
Hardware for PMU and PMU Integration, PMU Architecture, Data Acquisition System, Synchronization Sources,
Communication and Data Collector, Distributed PMU, International Standards for PMU and Tests for Compliance,
IEC 61850
State Estimation with PMU
State Estimation and PMUs: Formulation of the SE Problem, Network Observability-SE Measurement Model, SE
Classification, State estimation with phasor measurents, Linear state estimation, Dynamic estimators.
Optimal PMU placement, meta-heuristic and deterministic algorithms, Integer Linear Programming Technique

WAMS applications
WAMS applications- real-time analysis and technologies to detect, locate and characterize power system disturbances,
monitoring power system oscillatory dynamics- Interpretation and visualization of wide-area PMU measurements,
power system control with phasor feedback, discrete event control.

References:

1. Antonello Monti, Carlo Muscas, Ferdinanda Ponci, Phasor Measurement Units and Wide Area
Monitoring Systems, Academic Press, 2016
2. A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, Synchronized Phasor Measurement and Their Applications, Springer2008
3. Yong Li, Dechang Yang, Fang Liu, Yijia Cao, Christian Rehtanz, Interconnected Power Systems:Wide-
Area Dynamic Monitoring and Control Applications, Springer, 2015
4. Ma J., Makarov Y., Dong Z, Phasor Measurement Unit and its Applications on Modern Power
Systems, Springer, 2010
5. IEEE Power & Energy Society, IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power
Systems, IEEE New York, 2011
6. Xu B, Abur A, Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement units for State Estimation, PSERC, FinalProject
Report, 2005
7. P. M. Anderson, A. A. Fouad, Power system control and stability, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2008
8. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill, New York, 1994.
9. Ali Abur, Antonio Gómez Expósito, Power System State Estimation: Theory and Implementation,CRC
Press, 2004

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6223E POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY

Pre-requisite: NIL
L T P O C
Total Lecture sessions: 39 3 0 0 6 3

Course Outcomes

CO1: Model and assess reliability of systems undergoing stochastic events

CO2: Model variations in load demand and output of renewable energy sources
CO3: Apply probabilistic models to evaluation of power system reliability
CO4: Execute load flow algorithm with variable generation sources

Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Introduction to probability, probability density function, probability distribution function, Expectation, Variance,
Covariance and Correlation and stochastic processes, Bernoulli Random Variable, Binomial Random Variable, Poisson
Random Variable, Uniform Random Variable, Exponential Random Variable, Normal Random Variable, Weibull Random
Variable

General reliability modeling and evaluation

System modeling for reliability; methods of reliability assessment: state space, cut-set and tie-set analysis, decomposition;
Markov Approach

Reliability modeling and analysis of electric power systems

Modeling: generator modeling, transmission line modeling, load modeling; capacity outage table; probability and frequency
distributions; unit addition algorithm; load modelling algorithm. Generation adequacy assessment using discrete
convolution: discrete convolution of generation and load models; generation reserve model; determination of LOLP, LOLF,
EUE; Distribution system reliability studies

Reliability of multi-node systems

Methods for multi-area and composite system analysis; contingency enumeration/ranking; equivalent assistance; stochastic/
probabilistic load flow; state space decomposition; Monte Carlo simulation, Analysis of risk in power systems;
understanding of causes and remedial measures; Modelling of variable energy resources

References:
1. Chanan Singh, Panida Jirutitijaroen, Joydeep Mitra, Electric Power Grid Reliability Evaluation: Models and
Method’, 1st edition, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2018.
2. Marko Čepin, Assessment of Power System Reliability: methods and Applications’, 1st edition, Springer, 2011.
3. G.F. Kovalev, L.M. Lebedeva, Reliability of Power Systems, 1st edition, Springer, 2019.
4. Wenyuan Li, Risk Assessment of Power Systems: Models, Methods, and Application’, 2nd edition, Wiley-IEEE
Press, 2014.
5. Roy Billington, Ronald N Allan, Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd edition, Springer, 1996.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6224E PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING OF POWER

SYSTEMS

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3
Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Explain functions of Distributed Energy Management Systems and Advantages of DistributedProcessing
CO2: Design of Parallel and Distributed processing algorithms for vertically Integrated Power Systems andRestructured
Power Systems
CO3: Apply parallel and distributed processing algorithms for load Flow analysis, state estimation andsecurity
assessment for power Systems
CO4: Design and implement distributed Control of Voltage and reactive Power and explain TransmissionCongestion
Management
Distributed Energy Management Systems
Distributed Energy Management Systems: Functional Requirements of EMS - Complexity of Power Grid- Necessity
for Distributed Processing - Vertically Integrated Power Systems-Central control center and Area control center -
SCADA - Distributed EMS- Restructured Power Systems- Advantages of Distributed Processing.
Parallel and Distributed systems
Parallel and Distributed Processing of Power systems: Parallel Systems- Distributed Systems- Comparison- Design
of Parallel and Distributed algorithms- Distributed Processing of vertically Integrated Power Systems and
Restructured Power Systems- Computer networks for Distributed Processing- Data Communication – Message
Passing Interface
Parallel and distributed Load Flow
Parallel and distributed Load Flow: Mathematical Model- Parallel load flow Computation- Distributed load flow
computation- System Partitioning and Algorithms- Parallel and distributed Load Flow for Distribution Systems-case
studies and simulation results.
Parallel and distributed State Estimation: Components of State Estimation- Mathematical Model- Parallel State
Estimation- Distributed State Estimation
Distributed Power System Security Analysis
Distributed Power System Security Analysis: Power System Security Analysis- - Distributed ContingencySelection,
Distributed Static Security Analysis- Distributed Dynamic Security Analysis.
Distributed Control of Voltage and reactive Power- Decentralised closed loop primary control, distributedsecondary
voltage/VAR control, Reactive Power Bidding, Centralized Tertiary voltage / VAR optimization. Transmission
Congestion Management: Agent Based modeling – Multi Agent based Scheme for Congestion Management and
Congestion mitigation.

References:

1. Mohammed Shahidehpour and Yauyu Wang, Communication and Control in Electric PowerSystems, John
Wiley & Sons, 2005
2. Mariesa L. Crow, Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems, CRC Press, 2010.
3. J. Arrilaga, C.P. Arnold, B.J. Harker, Computer modelling of Electric Power Systems. Wiley, NewYork,
1983.
4. A.J. Wood, B.F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork,
1984.
5. John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003
6. Haadi A. Sadat, Power System Analysis, McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., India, 2000.
7. Mohammad Shahidehpour, M. Alomoush, Restructured Electrical Power Systems: Operation:Trading, and
Volatility, CRC Press, 2001\

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

8. George L. Kusic, Computer Aided Power System Analysis, Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd., NewDelhi,
1989.
9. Ali Abur, Antonio Gómez Expósito, Power System State Estimation: Theory and Implementation,CRC
Press, 2004
10. Dimitri Bertsekas, John N. Tsitsiklis, Parallel and Distributed Computation: Numerical Methods,Prentice
Hall Inc., 1989

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6225E SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C
Total Lecture sessions: 39 3 0 0 6 3

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Analyse the need and concept of Smart Grid
CO2: Assess the role of automation in Transmission and Distribution
CO3: Identify suitable communication networks for smart grid applications
CO4: Apply various distribution management function under autonomous operation
CO5: Differentiate different EMS and DMS functions

Introduction to Smart Grid

Introduction to Smart Grid: Introduction to Smart Grid - Working definitions of Smart Grid and Associated Concepts –
Smart Grid Functions – Traditional Power Grid and Smart Grid – New Technologies for Smart Grid – Advantages –
Indian Smart Grid – Key Challenges for Smart Grid.

Smart Grid Architecture

Smart Grid Architecture: Components and Architecture of Smart Grid Design – Review of the proposed architectures for
Smart Grid. The fundamental components of Smart Grid designs – Transmission Automation – Distribution Automation

Energy Management System

Energy Management System (EMS) - Smart substations - Substation Automation - Feeder Automation, SCADA –
Remote Terminal Unit – Intelligent Electronic Devices – Protocols, Phasor Measurement Unit – Wide area monitoring
protection and control, Smart integration of energy resources – Renewable, intermittent power sources – Energy
Storage.

Distribution Management System

Distribution Management System (DMS) – Volt / VAR control – Fault Detection, Isolation and Service Restoration,
Network Reconfiguration, Outage management System, Customer Information System, Geographical Information
System, Effect of Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

Advanced Metering infrastructure

Introduction to Smart Meters – Advanced Metering infrastructure (AMI), AMI protocols – Standards and initiatives,
Demand side management and demand response programs, Demand pricing and Time of Use, Real Time Pricing, Peak
Time Pricing.

Communication and networking

Elements of communication and networking – architectures, standards, PLC, Zigbee, GSM, BPL, Local Area Network
(LAN) - House Area Network (HAN) - Wide Area Network (WAN) - Broadband over Power line (BPL) - IP based
Protocols - Basics of Web Service and CLOUD Computing, Cyber Security for Smart Grid.

References:

1. Stuart Borlase Smart Grid: Infrastructure, Technology and Solution’, CRC Press 2012.
2. JanakaEkanayake, Nick Jenkins, KithsiriLiyanage, Jianzhong Wu, Akihiko Yokoyama, Smart Grid:
Technology and Application, Wiley, 2012.
3. Mini S. Thomas, John D McDonald, Power System SCADA and Smart Grids, CRC Press, 2015
4. Kenneth C.Budka, Jayant G. Deshpande, Marina Thottan, Communication Networks for Smart Grids,
Springer, 2014.
5. Gil Masters, Renewable and Efficient Electric Power System, 2nd Edition Wiley–IEEE Press, 2013.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6226E DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND MICROGRIDS

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Analyze the concept of distributed generation and technologies
CO2: Investigate the technical challenges of Distributed Generation technologies
CO3: Design the microgrid architectures and its control operation
CO4: Explore smartgrid technologies and infrastructure

Renewable Integration to Grid

Modern Power System: Generation - Transmission - Distribution - Loads - Introduction to Distributed Generation
(DG) - Technologies of DG - IEEE 1547- Solar photovoltaic generation - wind energy - Wind power plants -
Microturbines - Fuel Cell - Storage Systems - batteries, fly-wheels, ultracapacitors - unit sizing of DGs - Case studies

Distributed Energy Sources

Penetration of DGs Units in Power Systems - Integration of DGs Units in Distribution Network -Modern Power
Electronics for DGs Applications – multiple and single input dc-dc converters - ac-dc and dc-ac converters - Technical
restrictions - Protection of DGs - Economics of DGs –Pricing and Financing framework for DG units - Optimal
placement of DGs - Case studies

Microgrid
Introduction to Microgrids - AC and DC microgrids - Operational Framework of Microgrids - anti-islanding schemes
- Distribution Management System (DMS) - Microgrid System Central Controller (MGCC) - LocalControllers (LC) -
Economic, environmental and operational benefits of Microgrids in a distribution network - Demand Response
Management in Microgrids - Business Models and Pricing Mechanism in Microgrids -Interconnection of Microgrids

Smart Grid
Introduction to Smart Grids (SG) - Factors affecting the growth of SG - The global reality in the field of smartgrids and
transition into future grids - Smart Agents - Electronics and communications infrastructure in SG
- ICT Technologies - smart meters - metering infrastructures - metering equipment - communication of metering
equipment - communication protocols - Metering Data Management Systems (MDMS) - Application of SGs -
Interconnections issues between SGs

References:
1. N. Hatziargyriou, Microgrids: Architectures and Control, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1st Edition, 2014
2. J. N. Twidell &A. D. Weir, Renewable Energy Sources, University press, Cambridge, 2001
3. James Larminie , Andrew Dicks , Fuel Cell Systems, John Weily & Sons Ltd, 2000
4. J. F. Manwell , J. G. McGowan, A. L. Rogers , Wind Energy Explained, John Weily & Sons Ltd2009
5. Loi Lei Lai, Tze Fun Chan, Distributed Generation- Induction and Permanent Magnet Generators,IEEE
Press, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., England. 2007.
6. Amirnaser Yezdani, and Reza Iravani, Voltage Source Converters in Power Systems: Modeling,Control and
Applications, IEEE John Wiley Publications, 2009

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6227E POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3

Total Lecture sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the concepts of power system automation.
CO2: Understand the components of SCADA systems.
CO3: Comprehend the RTU, IED and other components of automation systems
CO4: Understand the transfer of signals from the field to an operator control terminal.
CO5: Design an interoperable powers automation system
SCADA Systems
Evolution of Automation systems, History of Power system Automation, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
(SCADA) Systems, Components of SCADA systems, SCADA Applications, SCADA in power systems, SCADA basic
functions, SCADA application functions in Generation, Transmission and Distribution
Advantages of SCADA in Power Systems, The Power system ‘Field’ , Types of data & signals in the Power system, Flow
of Data from the field to the SCADA Control center. Building blocks of SCADA systems, Classification of SCADA
systems.
Remote Terminal Unit
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), Evolution of RTUs, Components of RTU, Communication, Logic, Termination and
Test/HMI Subsystems, Power supplies, Advanced RTU Functionalities.
Intelligent Electronic Devices
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), Evolution of IEDs , IED functional block diagram, The hardware and software
architecture of IED, IED Communication subsystem, IED advanced functionalities, Typical IEDs, Data Concentrators
and Merging Units, SCADA Communication Systems.
Distribution Management System
Master Station, Master station software and hardware configurations, Server systems in the master station, small, medium
and large master station configurations, Global Positioning Systems, Master station performance, Human Machine
Interface (HMI), HMI components, Software functionalities, Situational awareness, Case studies in SCADA.
References:
1. Mini S. Thomas, John D McDonald, Power Systems SCADA and Smart Grid, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis.
2. John D. Mc Donald, Electric Power Substation Engineering CRC Press, Taylor and Francis
3. James Northcote- Green, R Wilson, Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution systems, , CRC
Press, Taylor and Francis.
4. James Momoh, Electric Power Distribution, Automation, Protection and Control, CRC press, Taylor and
Francis.
5. Related Research papers.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6228E BIG DATA ANALYTICS IN POWER SYSTEMS

Pre-requisites: NIL
L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the concepts of data analytics in power systems.
CO2: Apply various machine learning and classifier algorithms to big data applications in power systems.
CO3: Analyse various techniques in data security in Smart Grid Communications
CO4: Apply various Optimization methods in data analytics
CO5: Apply the data analytics in power system operation, control and protection paradigms
Data in power systems
Introduction: Big Data-Future Power Systems-Big Data Application and Analytics in a Large-Scale Power System-Role
of Big Data Analytics in Smart Grid Communications-Big Data Optimization in Electric Power Systems: A Review -
Security Methods for Critical Infrastructure Communications- Data Mining Methods for Electricity Theft Detection - Unit
Commitment Control of Smart Grids - Data-Based Transformer Differential Protection
Big data application in large-scale power system
Big Data Application and Analytics in a Large-Scale Power System: General Applications of Big Data-Health Care-Social
Networking-Handling Big Data. Algorithms for Processing Big Data-Machine Learning and Deep Learning Generalities.
Machine Learning- Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model-Support Vector Machine (SVM)- Decision-Tree Classifier.
Deep Learning-Deep Learning Models-Challenges and Suggested Solutions for Using Deep Learning in Big Data
Analytics. Application of Big Data in Power Systems-Big Data in Smart Grid Networks-Phasor Measurement Units
(PMU)- Renewable Energy-CIM as Information Standard for Big Data Analytics-Big Data Problem in Power System
Modeling-Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC)- Decomposition Methods to Handle Big Data-Firm
Transmission Right (FTR) Problems-Time-Constrained Economic Dispatch
Big Data security in Smart Grid Communications
Role of Big Data in Smart Grid Communications: Grid Modernization-Grid Interconnection with the Internet of Things-
Data Traffic Pattern in a Smart Grid Environment-Phasor Measurement Unites Applied to Distribution Systems-Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (AMI)- Massive Flow of Information in a Smart Scenario-Volume of Generated Data in a Smart
Distribution System: Case Studies-Generated Data by PMUs-Generated Data by Metering Infrastructure - Data Mining
Methods for Electricity Theft Detection: Introduction-Transmission and Distribution System Losses-Electricity Theft
Methods-Fraud-Bypassing Existing Meetings-Meter Tampering-Billing Issues-Outright Theft-Electricity Theft and Data
Collection-Data Mining and Electricity Theft-Prediction-Classification and Clustering-Issues and Directions in Electricity
Theft-Related Data-Mining Research
Big Data Optimization in Electric Power Systems
Big Data Optimization in Electric Power Systems: Background-Scientometric Analysis of Big Data-Big Data and Power
Systems-Big Data Optimization-Application of Big Data in Power System Studies. Optimization Techniques Used in the
Big Data Analysis-Computational Method for Large-scale Unconstrained Optimization - Numerical Approach for Non-
smooth Large-scale Optimization-Big Data in Logistics Optimization-Big Data Analytics Based on Convex and
Nonconvex Optimization-Metaheuristic Algorithms for Big Data Optimization
Data in control and protection
Multi-agent Architecture-Smart Grid Using Multi-Agent Model-Agent’s Profle-Decision-Making Method-Storing and
Selling Extra Power Procedure-Examples
Protection Algorithm Based on Data Pattern Recognition: Big Data and Power System Protection-Methods for
Differential Protection Blocking - Harmonic Restraint and Harmonic Blocking-Methods Based on Waveform Recognition
- Principal Component Analysis-Curvilinear Component Analysis (CCA)- PCA Applied to Discriminate Between Inrush
and Fault Currents in Transformers- Application of the CCA as a Base for a Differential Protection

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

References

1. Ahmed F. Zobaa and Trevor J. Bihl [Edited], Big Data Analytics in Future Power Systems, CRC Press,Taylor &
Francis Group, 2019
2. Reza Arghandeh and Yuxun Zhou [Edited]., Big Data Application in Power Systems, Elsevier, 2018
3. Robert C. Qiu and Paul Antonik, Smart Grid using Big Data Analytics: A Random Matrix Theory Approach, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2017
4. Patrick C. K. Hung [Edited],Big Data Applications and Use Cases, Springer International Publishing Switzerland
2016

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6229E POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C
3 0 0 6 3

Total Lecture Sessions: 39

Course Outcomes

CO1: Describe and apply general concepts of distribution system, load and energy forecasting
CO2: Analyze distribution system and carry out network cost modelling
CO3: Analyze distribution system reliability and assess power quality
CO4: Describe consumer tariffs, costing and pricing
CO5: Describe and apply the knowledge of Power capacitors in HT and LT installation
CO6: Study the aspects of distribution system design and automation
Distribution System Parameters, Architecture, and Design
Distribution system - General concepts and architectures - Load and energy forecasting - Factors in power system loading
- Optimization of distribution system network cost modeling - Economic loading of distribution transformers Consumer
services - consumer load control for power shortages - Tariffs-costing, pricing and metering – Overhead and underground
lines - Optimum design considerations - Sizing of capacitors – Voltage design calculations
Distribution System Automation and communication
Distribution Automation System: Necessity, System Control Hierarchy - Basic Architecture and implementation Strategies
for SCADA and DAC systems - Basic Distribution Management System Functions. Communication Systems for Control
and Automation - Wireless and wired Communications - SCADA and DAC communication Protocols, Architectures and
user interface
Distribution System Reliability and Power Quality
Electric power quality: Basic definitions – Power quality problems – Voltage variations and quality measures – Harmonics
and mitigation
System reliability: Basic definitions and mathematics – Series systems, parallel systems and their combinations – Markov
process – Development of state transition models – Interruption indices -
Distribution System Analysis
Load flow analysis of balanced and unbalanced radial distribution system – Load flow analysis of weakly meshed system -
Short circuit analysis of balanced and unbalanced radial distribution system - Short circuit analysis of weakly meshed
system – Types of faults
References
1. Turan Gonen, Electric Power Distribution Engineering, 3 rd edition, CRC Press, 2015
2. Sallam A. A, & Malik O. P, Electric Distribution Systems, 2 nd edition, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2018
3. B. Das, Power Distribution Automation, IET Power and Energy Series, 2016
4. J. J. Burke, Power Distribution Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press, 1994
5. J. A. Momoh, Electric Power Distribution, Automation, Protection, and Control, CRC Press, 2007
6. T. A Short, Electric Power Distribution Handbook, CRC Press, 2018

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

EE6230E DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF POWER PROJECTS

Pre-requisite: NIL
L T P O C
Total lecture sessions: 39 3 0 0 6 3

Course Outcomes

CO1: Do a basic cost-benefit analysis of power projects in generation, transmission, and distribution
CO2: Study the different business models in power systems
CO3: Study the different metering techniques
CO4: Analyze and evaluate the economics of power projects through case studies
Considerations in Project Development and Evaluation
Value of Electricity – Integrated Resource Planning – Environmental Concerns and Efficiency – Energy Return on Energy
Invested – Capacity Factor – Rehabilitating, Retrofitting and Repowering of Existing Power Facilities - Global Electrical
Power Scene - Project Selection and Evaluation – Project Development – Pre-investment stage – Investment Stage –
Operational Stage – Post Operational Phase
Evaluation of Power Generation Projects
Cost of Power Generation – Levelized Cost of Energy – Generation Planning – Investment Analysis– Time Value of Money
– Net Present Value – Benefit/cost Ratio – Payback Period - Profit/investment Ratio – Business Economic Feasibility Study
– Power Purchase Agreements – Case studies on development and evaluation of renewable and non-renewable energy
projects
Investing in Transmission
The Nature of the Transmission Business – Barriers to transmission development – Macrogrid proposals - Cost-Based
Transmission Expansion – Value-Based Transmission Expansion – TSO economics – Interregional coordination – Cost-
Benefit Analysis
Distribution System Finance
Tariff and Energy Bills – Financing Distributed Generation Projects – Net Metering – Net Feed-in - Rooftop Solar PV
Business models – Grid-Connected and Stand-alone PV systems - Customer Savings Analysis – Grid Parity – Utility and
DSO economics
References:
1. Hisham Khatib, Economic Evaluation of Projects in the Electricity Supply Industry, 3rd edition, IET, 2014.
2. Marcelino Madrigal and Steven Stoft, Transmission Expansion for Renewable Energy Scale-Up, 2012,
Washington DC, World Bank.
3. Santosh Raikar, Seabron Adamson, Renewable Energy Finance: Theory and Practice, Elsevier, 2019.
4. Daniel S. Kirschen, Goran Strbac, Fundamentals of Power System Economics, Wiley, 2018.
5. Steven Stoft, Power System Economics: Designing Markets for Electricity, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2002.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

ZZ6001E RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C

Total Lecture sessions: 26 2 0 0 4 2

Course Outcomes
CO1: Explain the basic concepts and types of research
CO2: Develop research design and techniques of data analysis
CO3: Develop critical thinking skills and enhanced writing skills
CO4: Apply qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis and presentation
CO5: Implement healthy research practice, research ethics, and responsible scientific conduct

Exploring Research Inquisitiveness

Philosophy of Scientific Research, Role of Research Guide, Planning the Research Project, Research Process, Research
Problem Identification and Formulation, Variables, Framework development, Research Design, Types of Research,
Sampling, Measurement, Validity and Reliability, Survey, Designing Experiments, Research Proposal, Research
Communication, Research Publication, Structuring a research paper, structuring thesis/ dissertation,

Research Plan and Path

Developing a Research Plan: Reviewing the literature- Referencing – Information sources – Information retrieval – Role of
libraries in information retrieval – Tools for identifying literatures – Reading and understanding a research article – Critical
thinking and logical reasoning; Framing the research hypotheses, Converting research Question into a Model; Data
collection- Types of data-Dataset creation- Primary and Secondary data- Scales of measurement- Sources and collection of
data- Processing and analysis of data-Understanding Data-statistical analysis, displaying of data-Data visualization-Data
interpretation; Research design- Qualitative and Quantitative Research- Designing of experiments- Validation of
experiments- Inferential statistics and result interpretation

Scientific Conduct and Ethical Practice

Plagiarism– Ethics of Research- Scientific Misconduct- Forms of Scientific Misconduct. Plagiarism, Unscientific practices
in thesis work-Conduct in the workplace and interaction with peers – Intellectual property: IPR and patent registration,
copyrights; Current trends – Usage and ethics of AI tools in scientific research.

References:
1. Leedy, P D, Practical Research: Planning and Design, USA: Pearson, Twelfth ed., 2018.
2. Krishnaswamy, K. N., Sivakumar, A. I., and Mathirajan, M., Management Research Methodology, Pearson
Education, 2006.
3. Tony Greenfield and Sue Greener., Research Methods for Postgraduates, USA: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Third
ed., 2016.
4. John W. Creswell and J. David Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches, USA: Sage Publications, Sixth ed., 2022.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

MS6174E TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION AND WRITING

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C

Total Lecture Sessions: 26 2 1 0 3 2

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Apply effective communication strategies for different professional and industry needs.
CO2: Collaborate on various writing projects for academic and technical purposes.
CO3: Combine attributes of critical thinking for improving technical documentation.
CO4: Adapt technical writing styles to different platforms.

Technical Communication
Process(es) and Types of Speaking and Writing for Professional Purposes - Technical Writing: Introduction, Definition,
Scope and Characteristics - Audience Analysis - Conciseness and Coherences - Critical Thinking - Accuracy and Reliability
- Ethical Consideration in Writing - Presentation Skills - Professional Grooming - Poster Presentations

Grammar, Punctuation and Stylistics

Constituent Structure of Sentences - Functional Roles of Elements in a Sentence - Thematic Structures and Interpretations
- Clarity - Verb Tense and Mood - Active and Passive Structures - Reporting Verbs and Reported Tense - Formatting of
Technical Documents - Incorporating Visuals Elements - Proofreading

Technical Documentation
Types of Technical Documents: Reports, Proposals, Cover Letters - Manuals and Instructions - Online Documentation -
Product Documentation - Collaborative Writing: Tools and Software - Version Control Document Management - Self
Editing, Peer Review and Feedback Processes

References:
1. Foley, M., & Hall, D., Longman advanced learner’s grammar, a self-study reference & practice book with
answers. Pearson Education Limited, 2018.
2. Gerson, S. J., & Gerson, S. M., Technical writing: Process and product, Pearson, 2009.
3. Kirkwood, H. M. A., & M., M. C. M. I., Hallidays introduction to functional grammar (4th ed.), Hodder
Education, 2013.
4. Markel, M., Technical Communication (10th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
5. Tuhovsky, I., Communication skills training: A practical guide to improving your social intelligence,
presentation, Persuasion and public speaking skills, Rupa Publications India, 2019.
6. Williams, R., The Non-designer’s Design Book. Peachpit Press, 2014.

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 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut

IE6001E ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Pre-requisites: NIL L T P O C
Total Lecture Sessions: 26 2 0 0 4 2

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Describe the various strategies and techniques used in business planning and scaling ventures.
CO2: Apply critical thinking and analytical skills to assess the feasibility and viability of business ideas.
CO3: Evaluate and select appropriate business models, financial strategies, marketing approaches, and operational plans
for startup ventures.
CO4: Assess the performance and effectiveness of entrepreneurial strategies and actions through the use of relevant
metrics and indicators.

Entrepreneurial Mindset and Opportunity Identification

Introduction to Entrepreneurship Development - Evolution of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial mindset, Economic
development, Opportunity Recognition and Evaluation - Market gaps - Market potential, Feasibility analysis - Innovation
and Creativity in Entrepreneurship - Innovation and entrepreneurship, Creativity techniques, Intellectual property
management.

Business Planning and Execution

Business Model Development and Validation - Effective business models, Value proposition testing, Lean startup
methodologies - Financial Management and Funding Strategies - Marketing and Sales Strategies - Market analysis,
Marketing strategies, Sales techniques - Operations and Resource Management - Operational planning and management,
Supply chain and logistics, Stream wise Case studies.

Growth and Scaling Strategies

Growth Strategies and Expansion - Sustainable growth strategies, Market expansion, Franchising and partnerships -
Managing Entrepreneurial Risks and Challenges - Risk identification and mitigation, Crisis management, Ethical
considerations - Leadership and Team Development - Stream wise Case studies.

References:
1. Kaplan, J. M., Warren, A. C., & Murthy V., Patterns of entrepreneurship management. John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
2. Kuratko, D. F., Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice. Cengage learning.
3. Barringer, B. R., Entrepreneurship: Successfully launching new ventures, Pearson Education India, 2015.
4. Rajiv Shah, Zhijie Gao, Harini Mittal, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and the Economy in the US, China, and India,
Academic Press, 2014.
5. Sundar,K., Entrepreneurship Development, 2nd Ed., Vijaya Nichkol Imprints, Chennai, 2022.
6. E. Gordon,Dr. K. Natarajan., Entrepreneurship Development, 6th Ed, Himalya Publishers, Delhi, 2017.
7. Debasish Biswas, Chanchal Dey, Entrepreneurship Development in India, Taylor & Francis, 2021.

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