Section A

1. Which of the following best describes the primary difference between primary and
secondary memory in a computer system?

a) Primary memory is used for long-term storage, while secondary memory is used for
temporary storage.

b) Primary memory is non-volatile, while secondary memory is volatile.

c) Primary memory is used for temporary storage of data and instructions that are currently
being used, while secondary memory is used for long-term storage.

d) Primary memory includes hard drives and SSDs, while secondary memory includes RAM.

Answer: c) Primary memory is used for temporary storage of data and instructions that are
currently being used, while secondary memory is used for long-term storage.

2. Which of the following devices is considered an input device?

a) Monitor

b) Printer

c) Keyboard

d) Speaker

Answer: c) Keyboard

3. What is the main function of system software?

a) To provide tools for performing specific tasks, like word processing or graphic design.

b) To manage and control the hardware components of the computer and provide a platform
for running application software.

c) To increase the processing speed of the CPU.

d) To create and edit digital media files.

Answer: b) To manage and control the hardware components of the computer and provide a
platform for running application software.

4. Which of the following is an example of secondary memory?

a) RAM

b) Cache

c) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

d) CPU Register

Answer: c) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Competency Based Questions--

5. You are tasked with preparing a presentation on the evolution of computing devices. To
illustrate the transition from early computing to modern systems, you need to include a
device that marked a significant leap in processing capability before the advent of personal
computers.

Which of the following devices would best demonstrate a significant advancement in

computing technology before personal computers became common?

a) Vacuum Tube Computers

b) Abacus

c) Mechanical Calculator

d) Slide Rule

Answer: a) Vacuum Tube Computers

6. While assembling a new computer system, you need to connect various components to
ensure proper communication between them. You are particularly focusing on the connection
that allows the CPU to interact with the RAM and other peripherals.

Which component provides the necessary pathways for the CPU to communicate with the
RAM, storage devices, and other peripherals?

a) Power Supply Unit (PSU)

b) Motherboard

c) Graphics Card

d) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Answer: b) Motherboard

7. What type of software should be recommended for handling industry-specific tasks like
medical record management, and what type should be used for general tasks?
a) Specific Purpose Software for industry-specific tasks and Generic Purpose Software for
general tasks.

b) Generic Purpose Software for industry-specific tasks and Specific Purpose Software for
general tasks.

c) Utility Software for both industry-specific and general tasks.

d) System Software for industry-specific tasks and Application Software for general tasks.

Answer: a) Specific Purpose Software for industry-specific tasks and Generic Purpose
Software for general tasks.

8. You receive a support request from a user who accidentally deleted important files from
their computer’s hard drive. They are concerned about whether they can recover the files and
what steps to take.

What is the best practice for maximizing the chances of recovering accidentally deleted files
from a hard drive?

a) Immediately shut down the computer to prevent overwriting of the deleted files.

b) Reinstall the operating system to ensure the file recovery software works correctly.

c) Perform a full system scan for malware to prevent future deletions.

d) Defragment the hard drive to make space for new files.

Answer: a) Immediately shut down the computer to prevent overwriting of the deleted files.

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Section B

1. Assertion-Reasoning Question on Computer Memory

Assertion (A): Primary memory (RAM) is volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the
power is turned off.

Reason (R): Secondary memory, such as hard drives and SSDs, retains data even when the
computer is turned off because it is non-volatile.

Question: Is the assertion true and is the reason a correct explanation for the assertion?

a) Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation for the
assertion.

b) Both the assertion and the reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for
the assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: a) Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct
explanation for the assertion.

2. Assertion-Reasoning Question on Software Types

Assertion (A): Specific purpose software is designed to perform tasks related to a particular
industry or field, such as medical record management software.

Reason (R): Generic purpose software can be used for a wide range of applications, such as
word processing and spreadsheets, and is not specialized for any particular industry.

Question: Is the assertion true and is the reason a correct explanation for the assertion?

a) Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation for the
assertion.

b) Both the assertion and the reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for
the assertion.

c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: a) Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct
explanation for the assertion.

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Section C Very short answer question of 2 marks each—

1. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

Answer: Compiler:

- Translates source code into machine code (binary code) beforehand

- Creates an executable file that can run independently
- Example: C, C++, Java (compiled to bytecode)

Interpreter:

- Translates source code into machine code line-by-line during runtime

- Does not create an executable file; code is executed directly
- Example: Python, JavaScript (in web browsers), Ruby
 2. What is the primary function of secondary memory in a computer system?

Answer: The primary function of secondary memory in a computer system is to:

Provide long-term storage for data and programs. Secondary memory, also known as
auxiliary memory, is a non-volatile storage medium that holds data and programs even when
the computer is powered off. Its primary functions are:

 Storage: Secondary memory stores data, programs, and operating systems.

 Retrieval: It retrieves data and programs as needed by the computer.
 Archival: It serves as a permanent storage medium for infrequently used data.

3. A user reports that their computer slows down significantly when multiple
applications are open. What is a likely solution involving memory that could improve
performance?

Answer: Add more RAM (Random Access Memory). When multiple applications are open,
the computer uses more memory to handle the increased workload. If the computer doesn't
have enough RAM, it may slow down or use the hard drive as virtual memory, which can
significantly impact performance.

Adding more RAM allows the computer to:

 Handle more applications simultaneously

 Reduce the need for virtual memory
 Improve overall system responsiveness

4. What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Answer: The primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is to execute
instructions and perform calculations that enable a computer to perform tasks and operations.
The CPU, also known as the processor or microprocessor, is the brain of the computer and is
responsible for:

 Executing instructions from the operating system and applications

 Performing arithmetic and logical operations
 Controlling data transfer between different parts of the computer
 Managing memory and storage
 Regulating the flow of data and instructions

__________________________________________________________________________________
Section D – short answer question each of 3 marks—

1. Explain the key components of a computer system and describe the role and interaction of each
component in the overall functioning of the system.

Answer:

A computer system comprises several key components, each playing a crucial role in the
system's operation. The main components are:

i. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the
CPU performs calculations and executes instructions from programs. It consists of the
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which handles arithmetic and logical operations, and
the Control Unit (CU), which directs the operation of the processor.
ii. Memory:
a. Primary Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory (RAM) is used for
temporary storage of data and instructions that the CPU is currently
processing. It provides fast access to data and is essential for multitasking.
b. Cache Memory: A small, high-speed memory located inside or very close to
the CPU, cache memory stores frequently accessed data to speed up
processing.
iii. Storage:
a. Secondary Memory: This includes hard drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives
(SSDs), which provide long-term storage for operating systems, applications,
and files. Secondary memory is non-volatile, meaning it retains data even
when the computer is powered off.
iv. Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board that houses the CPU, RAM,
and other essential components. It provides connectors and pathways for these
components to communicate with each other.
v. Power Supply Unit (PSU): The PSU converts electrical power from an outlet into a
form usable by the computer's components. It supplies power to the motherboard,
CPU, storage devices, and peripherals.
vi. Input/Output Devices:
a. Input Devices: These include keyboards, mice, and scanners that allow users
to input data into the computer.
b. Output Devices: These include monitors and printers that output processed
data to the user.
vii. Expansion Cards: These are additional cards, such as graphics cards or sound cards,
that can be added to the motherboard to enhance the computer's capabilities.

2. You are tasked with advising a company that needs to upgrade its computer systems for
better performance. The systems currently have limited RAM and extensive use of
secondary storage. What recommendations would you make to optimize system
performance, and why?

Answer:
 a) Upgrade RAM: Recommend increasing the amount of RAM in the systems.
More RAM allows for better handling of multiple applications and improves
overall system responsiveness and multitasking capabilities.
b) Optimize Secondary Storage: Although upgrading RAM is crucial, also suggest
checking the health and performance of the secondary storage (HDD/SSD). If the
drives are old or fragmented, consider upgrading to faster SSDs to improve data

3. A small business owner wants to install new software for accounting and customer
management. Describe the key factors they should consider when choosing between
generic-purpose and specific-purpose software for their needs.

Answer:

i. Specific Requirements: Determine if the business needs software tailored to specific

accounting and customer management tasks (specific-purpose software) or if a more
general software solution will suffice.
ii. Functionality: Specific-purpose software is designed with features and tools suited to
accounting and customer management, such as invoicing, financial reporting, and
CRM functions. Evaluate if these features meet the business’s specific needs.
iii. Integration: Check if the software integrates well with existing systems and tools
used by the business. Specific-purpose software may offer better integration with
other business processes and systems.
iv. Cost: Compare the cost of specific-purpose software, which might be higher due to its
specialized features, against generic-purpose software, which might be more
affordable but less tailored to specific needs.
v. User Training and Support: Assess the availability of training and support for the
chosen software. Specific-purpose software may offer specialized support for
industry-specific issues.
vi. Scalability: Consider whether the software can scale with the business’s growth.
Specific-purpose software might offer features that grow with the business’s needs.

Section E—Case study based question 4 marks—

1. Scenario: A mid-sized marketing firm is experiencing performance issues with its current
computer systems. The systems are used for data analysis, graphic design, and managing
customer information. The firm has recently noticed that their applications are running
slowly, especially when handling large data sets and high-resolution graphics. The IT
department has identified that the systems have 8GB of RAM, traditional hard disk drives
(HDDs), and are running generic-purpose software.

Question: Based on the scenario, what specific upgrades would you recommend to address
the performance issues? Explain how each upgrade will help improve the overall
performance of the computer systems.

Answer:

1. Upgrade RAM: Increase the RAM from 8GB to 16GB or more. This will improve
the system's ability to handle multiple applications simultaneously and manage large
data sets more efficiently. More RAM allows for better multitasking and reduces the
likelihood of slowdowns when processing large files.
2. Replace HDDs with SSDs: Replace the traditional hard disk drives (HDDs) with
solid-state drives (SSDs). SSDs offer faster read and write speeds compared to HDDs,
 which will significantly improve the overall speed of data access, application loading
times, and system boot times.
3. Assess and Upgrade Graphics Card: If the graphic design work involves high-
resolution graphics or video editing, consider upgrading the graphics card (GPU) to a
more powerful one. A better GPU will enhance performance for graphic-intensive
tasks, providing smoother rendering and quicker processing of high-resolution
images.
4. Evaluate Software Needs: Ensure that the generic-purpose software being used is
suitable for the firm’s specific needs. If the firm requires specialized functionalities
(e.g., advanced data analysis tools or graphic design features), consider investing in
specific-purpose software that is tailored to those tasks. This can lead to more
efficient workflow and better performance.

Explanation:

 Upgrading RAM helps in handling larger data and multiple applications without
performance degradation.
 Replacing HDDs with SSDs speeds up data retrieval and reduces system lag, leading
to faster performance.
 Upgrading the graphics card ensures that graphic-intensive tasks are handled
efficiently, improving performance in design work.
 Evaluating and possibly upgrading software ensures that the tools used are
optimized for the firm’s specific needs, potentially improving productivity and
performance.

These upgrades will collectively enhance the overall performance of the computer systems,
addressing the current issues and supporting the firm's operational needs more effectively.

Section F: Long answer competency-based question

1. A company is evaluating software options for improving its customer relationship

management (CRM) and accounting functions. The team needs to choose between
generic-purpose software, which offers broad functionality but may lack specific features,
and specific-purpose software, designed with advanced features tailored to CRM and
accounting needs. Describe the criteria you would use to make the decision and how you
would assess whether to choose generic-purpose or specific-purpose software for the
company’s requirements. Explain your reasoning in detail.

Answer:

When choosing between generic-purpose software and specific-purpose software for CRM
and accounting functions, the following criteria should be considered:

i. Specific Functional Requirements:

a. Criteria: Assess the specific needs of the company for CRM and accounting.
Specific-purpose software is designed with features tailored to these functions,
 such as advanced reporting tools, automated workflows, and integration with
other business systems.
b. Assessment: Compare the functionality of each option. Specific-purpose
software should be evaluated for its ability to meet detailed requirements such
as custom reports, client management, and compliance with accounting
standards.
ii. Integration with Existing Systems:
a. Criteria: Determine how well the software integrates with the company’s
existing systems and processes. Integration can streamline workflows and
reduce data entry duplication.
b. Assessment: Evaluate how both software options integrate with current
systems such as ERP, email platforms, and data storage solutions. Specific-
purpose software may offer better integration capabilities for specialized
needs.
iii. Cost Considerations:
a. Criteria: Analyze the total cost of ownership for both software options,
including licensing fees, implementation costs, and ongoing maintenance.
b. Assessment: Compare the cost of generic-purpose software, which might be
less expensive, against the potentially higher cost of specific-purpose
software. Consider whether the added functionality of specific-purpose
software justifies the additional expense.
iv. Ease of Use and Training:
a. Criteria: Evaluate the user-friendliness of each software option and the
availability of training and support. Ease of use affects adoption rates and
productivity.
b. Assessment: Review user interfaces and training resources. Specific-purpose
software may offer specialized training materials, while generic-purpose
software might have a broader range of user guides and community support.
v. Scalability and Future Needs:
a. Criteria: Consider the scalability of each software option. Ensure that the
software can grow with the company’s needs and adapt to future changes.
b. Assessment: Determine if the software can handle increased data volume,
additional users, and evolving requirements. Specific-purpose software may
offer more features that scale with specialized needs.
vi. Vendor Reputation and Support:
a. Criteria: Assess the reputation of the software vendors and the quality of their
customer support services.
b. Assessment: Research vendor reviews, customer feedback, and support
services. A vendor with a strong track record in delivering reliable and
effective support is crucial for long-term satisfaction.

Reasoning:

 Specific-purpose software is ideal if the company’s needs are highly specialized and
require advanced features tailored to CRM and accounting functions. It ensures that
all specific requirements are met efficiently.
 Generic-purpose software may be a better choice if the company needs a broad
range of functionalities at a lower cost and can manage with less specialization.

The decision should be based on a careful evaluation of the company’s specific needs,
budget, and the potential benefits offered by each type of software.
2. A company has recently expanded its operations and needs to upgrade its computer
systems to handle increased workloads. The current systems have 4GB of RAM, mechanical
hard drives, and are used for various tasks including data processing, software development,
and customer management. Based on these requirements, detail the specific upgrades you
would recommend to optimize system performance. Include the rationale behind each
upgrade and how it will improve the efficiency and capability of the systems.

Answer:

To address the increased workload and optimize system performance, the following upgrades
are recommended:

i. Upgrade RAM to 16GB or More:

a. Rationale: Upgrading from 4GB to 16GB of RAM will significantly improve
the system's ability to handle multiple applications simultaneously and process
large data sets more efficiently. Increased RAM allows for better multitasking,
reduces the need for frequent disk swapping, and improves overall system
responsiveness.
b. Impact: This upgrade will enhance performance during data processing and
software development tasks by reducing lag and allowing for smoother
operation of multiple applications.
ii. Replace Mechanical Hard Drives with Solid-State Drives (SSDs):
a. Rationale: SSDs offer faster read and write speeds compared to mechanical
hard drives (HDDs). Replacing HDDs with SSDs will improve system boot
times, application load times, and data access speeds. SSDs are also more
durable and reliable.
b. Impact: This change will lead to faster file retrieval, quicker access to
programs, and reduced system lag, thus improving overall productivity and
efficiency.
iii. Upgrade the CPU (if applicable):
a. Rationale: If the current CPU is outdated or underpowered for the new
demands, upgrading to a more powerful CPU with multiple cores and higher
clock speeds can improve processing speed and handle more complex tasks
effectively.
b. Impact: A more capable CPU will enhance performance for software
development and data processing tasks by providing faster execution of
instructions and better handling of parallel tasks.
iv. Assess and Upgrade Graphics Card (if necessary):
a. Rationale: If the systems are used for tasks involving graphic design or high-
resolution video editing, upgrading to a high-performance graphics card will
be beneficial. A powerful GPU will handle graphic-intensive tasks more
efficiently.
b. Impact: Improved graphics performance will lead to smoother rendering and
quicker processing of visual data, enhancing productivity in design-related
tasks.
v. Review and Optimize Software:
a. Rationale: Ensure that the software used is up-to-date and optimized for the
new hardware. Consider upgrading to software that better fits the company’s
operational needs, such as advanced data analysis or project management
tools.
 o Impact: Using the right software ensures that the system's capabilities are
fully utilized and that workflows are optimized for efficiency.

These upgrades will collectively improve the performance, efficiency, and capability of the
computer systems, making them better suited to handle the increased workloads and the
company's expanded operations.