I.

Lý thuyết
1. Các ký tự dùng để ghi phiên âm của từ
 Trong từ Ví dụ
m
ɑ: a, ar after /ˈɑːftə(r)/, answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/, arm /ɑːm/, harm /hɑːm/
æ a back /bæk/, camera /ˈkæmərə/, factory /ˈfæktri/
aɪ i dive /daɪv/, five /faɪv/, side /saɪd/
aɪə ire, iar, yr fire /faɪə/, liar /'laɪə/, tyre /'taɪə/
aʊ ou, ow out /aʊt/, crowd /kraʊd/
aʊə our, ower flour /'flaʊə/, flower /'flaʊə/, sour /'saʊə/
e e, ea check /tʃek/, letter /ˈletə(r)/, bread /bred/, head /hed/
eɪ a, ay age /eɪdʒ/, plane /pleɪn/, day /deɪ/, say /seɪ/
eə air air /eə(r)/, chair /tʃeə(r)/, hair /heə(r)/, stair /steə(r)/
k c, k, ck, ch car /kɑː(r)/, cat /kæt/, keep /kiːp/, key /kiː/, back /bæk/,
black /blæk/, school /skuːl/, stomach
g g, gg garden /ˈɡɑːdn/, glass /ɡlɑːs/, egg /eɡ/, bigger /bɪɡə(r)/
ɪ i miss /mɪs/, dinner /ˈdɪnə(r)/, swim /swɪm/
i: ee, ea see /siː/, agree /əˈɡriː/, seed /siːd/, eat /iːt/, seat /siːt/
ɪə ear fear /fɪə/, clear /klɪə(r)/, near /nɪə(r)/, hear /hɪə(r)/, year
/jɪə(r)/
j y yes /jes/, year /jɪə(r)/, young /jʌŋ/
w w, wh week /wiːk/, way /weɪ/, what /wɒt, why /waɪ/, where
/weə(r)/
ɒ o, a bottle /ˈbɒtl/, box /bɒks/, quality /ˈkwɒləti/, want /wɒnt/
əʊ o, ow note /nəʊt/, cold /kəʊld/, slow /sləʊ/, know /nəʊ/, show
/ʃəʊ/
ɔ: a, or all /ɔːl/, ball /bɔːl/, born /bɔːn/, corner /ˈkɔːnə(r)/, forty
/ˈfɔːti/
ɔɪ oi, oy void /vɔɪd/, boy /bɔɪ/, destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/
ʊ u, oo, ou full /fʊl/, sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(r)/, foot /fʊt/, good /gʊd/, would
/wʊd/, should /ʃʊd/
u: oo, ou, oe, zoo /zu:/, group /ɡruːp/, shoe /ʃu:/, true /tru:/, spew /spju:/
ue, ew
ʊə oor, ure poor /pʊə/, sure /ʃʊə/
ə er, a, or teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/, alone /ə'ləʊn/, doctor /ˈdɒktə(r)/
ɜ: er, ir, or service /ˈsɜːvɪs/, dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/, bird /bɜːd/, circle /ˈsɜːkl/,
work /wɜːk/, world /wɜːld/
ʌ u, o much /mʌtʃ/, number /ˈnʌmbə(r)/, colour /ˈkʌlə(r)/,
front /frʌnt/
ʃ sh shop /ʃɒp/, fashion /ˈfæʃn/, cash /kæʃ/
ʒ si, s television /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/, Asia /ˈeɪʒə/, usually /ˈjuːʒuəli/
tʃ ch, t, tch chips /tʃɪp/, March /mɑːtʃ/, future /ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/, question
/ˈkwestʃən/, catch /kætʃ/, kitchen /ˈkɪtʃɪn/
dʒ j, ge jam /dʒæm/, jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/, age /eɪdʒ/, large /lɑːdʒ/
θ th thin /θɪn/, strength /strɛŋθ/, three /θri:/
ð th these /ði:z/, bathe /beɪð/
ŋ ng sing /sɪŋ/, finger /'fɪngə/
2. Cách phát âm đuôi s/es
a. Đọc là /s/ khi các âm cuối là /θ/, /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/
cloth (n) /klɒθ/ cloths /klɒθs/ laugh (v.n) /lɑːf/ laughs /lɑːfs/
keep (v) /kiːp/ keeps /kiːps/ unit (n) /ˈjuːnɪt/ units /ˈjuːnɪts/
book (n) /bʊk/ books /bʊks/
b. Đọc là /ɪz/ khi các âm cuối là /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/
box (n) /bɒks/ boxes /bɒksɪz/ luge (n) /luːʒ/ luges /luːʒɪz/
surprise (v) /sə surprises /sə watches
watch (v) /wɒtʃ/
ˈpraɪz/ ˈpraɪzɪz/ /ˈwɒtʃɪz/
encourage (v) encourages /ɪn
wash (v) /wɒʃ/ washes /ˈwɒʃɪz/
/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ ˈkʌrɪdʒɪz/
c. Các trường hợp còn lại đọc là /z/
sing (v) /sɪŋ/ sings /sɪŋz/ tree (n) /triː/ trees /triːz/
dog (n) /dɒɡ/ dogs /dɒɡz/ cry (v) /kraɪ/ cries /kraɪz/
know (v) /nəʊ/ knows /nəʊz/ travel (v.n) travels /ˈtrævlz/
/ˈtrævl/
own (v) /əʊn/ owns /əʊnz/ breathe (v) /briːð/ breathes /briːðz/
love (v.n) /lʌv/ loves /lʌvz/ card (n) /kɑːd/ cards /kɑːdz/
3. Cách phát âm đuôi -ed của động từ có quy tắc
a. Đọc là /t/ khi âm cuối là /k/, /s/, /tʃ/, /p/, /f/, /ʃ/, /θ/
book /bʊk/ booked /bʊkt/ flip /flɪp/ flipped /flɪpt/
miss /mɪs/ missed /mɪst/ laugh /lɑːf/ laughed /lɑːft/
watch /wɒtʃ/ watched /wɒtʃt/ wash /wɒʃ/ washed /wɒʃt/
b. Đọc là /ɪd/ khi âm cuối là /d/, /t/
land /ˈlænd/ landed /ˈlændɪd/ want /ˈwɒnt/ wanted
/ˈwɒntɪd/
need /ˈniːd/ needed /ˈniːdɪd/ rest /ˈrest/ rested /ˈrestɪd/
c. Đọc là /d/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại
carry /ˈkæri/ carried /ˈkærid/ turn /tɜːn/ turned /tɜːnd/
shy /ʃaɪ/ shied /ʃaɪd/ believe /bɪˈliːv/ believed /bɪˈliːvd/
encourage /ɪn encouraged /ɪn
save /seɪv/ saved /seɪvd/
ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ ˈkʌrɪdʒd/
lean /liːn/ leaned /liːnd/ breathe /briːð/ breathed /briːðd/
II. Bài tập
Exercise 1. Mark the letter to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation.
1. A. nice B. idiot C. knife D. slice
2. A. fine B. line C. kite D. idiom
3. A. sit B. like C. bit D. hit
4. A. wild B. film C. mild D. child
5. A. idiot B. idol C. icon D. item
6. A. kitten B. child C. chicken D. mint
7. A. rise B. find C. fill D. slide
8. A. treat B. plead C. break D. eat
9. A. great B. bread C. threat D. deaf
10. A. fun B. lunch C. sun D. unit
11. A. know B. close C. town D. sofa
12. A. drum B. museum C. culture D. sculpture
13. A. weave B. treat C. deal D. head
14. A.fridge B. light C. night D. bright
15. A. eat B. break C. read D. meat
16. A. gift B. clip C. tiger D. skin
17. A. neat B. dream C. reach D. break
18. A. bow B. close C. snow D. post
19. A. home B. post C. none D.close
20. A. hear B. swear C. dear D. rear
21. A. spread B. cream C. bread D. head
22. A. car B. mark C. fan D. start
23. A. service B. decide C. design D. advice
24. A. found B. sound C. count D. source
25. A. night B. mile C. life D. ski
26. A. ship B. lift C. hit D. drive
27. A. scream B. sneaky C. feature D. pleasant
28. A. eat B. break C. teach D. seat
29. A. heat B. bread C. seat D. meat
30. A. put B. brush C. slum D. hunt
31. A. climb B. sit C. hide D. fine
32. A. cheat B. great C. meat D. heat
33. A. moon B. tool C. tooth D. blood
34. A. push B. cute C. full D. sugar
35. A. hear B. dear C. pear D. clear
36. A. live B. white C. fine D. wine
37. A. flood B. look C. took D. good
38. A. with B. clit C.width D. life
39. A. figure B. bright C. fight D. sight
40. A. over B. rose C. cover D. close
41. A. butter B. put C. sugar D. push
42. A. pretty B. get C. send D. mend
43. A. climb B. shine C. fill D. dive
44. A. spread B. bread C. head D. mean
45. A. bee B. beer C. seem D. flee
46. A. hear B. clear C. pear D. fear
47. A. balloon B. blood C. smooth D. zoo
48. A. hide B. pick C. shine D. like
49. A. shut B. put C. cut D. nut
50. A. some B. come C. love D. home
Exercise 2. Mark the letter to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation.
1. A. thin B. than C. they D. there
2. A. thirteen B. thanks C. think D. father
3. A. chair B. cheap C. chemist D. child
4. A. thin B. thick C. thunder D. those
5. A. climb B. comb C. double D. bomb
6. A. hour B. heat C. house D. hotel
7. A. chef B. chick C. child D. chin
8. A. climb B. center C. click D. close
9. A. gift B. gene C. gas D. grey
10. A. school B.church C. charity D. cheat
14. A. what B. when C. who D.why
15. A. cell B. city C. coal D. ceiling
16. A. chemist B. cheap C. chair D. child
17. A. hour B. honest C. honor D. history
18. A. weather B. breathe C. healthy D. although
19. A. ancient B. category C. cover D. decorate
20. A. grade B. groom C. guest D. germ
21. A. camp B. lamp C. cupboard D. apart
22. A. cheap B. child C. chemist D. chair
23. A. thigh B. thought C. this D. three
24. A. same B. sugar C. sun D. song
25. A. champion B. chorus C. cheap D. child
26. A. son B. seat C. sun D. sure
27. A. other B. there C. thought D. they
28. A. father B. through C. theater D. athlete
29. A. month B. mother C. theme D. three
30. A. birthday B. bathroom C. thrill D. brother
31. A. motion B. question C. caption D. nation
32. A. centre B. city C. cinema D. camera
33. A. nothing B. weather C.without D. mother
34. A. game B. gene C. ground D. guest
35. A. house B. hour C. hounor D. heir
36. A. mother B. southern C. wealthy D. further
37. A. region B. gender C. surgeon D. singular
38. A. century B. capital C. capable D. captain
39. A. breath B. thread C. without D. theme
40. A. biologist B. generation C. gender D. argument
41. A. than B. thumb C. thank D. think
42. A. though B. these C. there D. threat
47. A.parachute B. machine C. champange D.chaos
48. A. than B. thumb C. thank D. think
49. A. cost B. cell C. cake D. can
50. A. fasten B. listen C. fiction D. question