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The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy, detailing its clean, renewable nature and low maintenance needs, while noting limitations such as high costs and dependence on weather. It explains the structure of solar cells, modules, panels, and arrays, along with their I-V characteristics and the importance of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Additionally, it discusses applications like solar water pumps and street lights, and provides exam questions related to solar energy concepts.

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harsh mochi
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3 views

WSE-CH-4 Stu Copy Protected Unlocked

The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy, detailing its clean, renewable nature and low maintenance needs, while noting limitations such as high costs and dependence on weather. It explains the structure of solar cells, modules, panels, and arrays, along with their I-V characteristics and the importance of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Additionally, it discusses applications like solar water pumps and street lights, and provides exam questions related to solar energy concepts.

Uploaded by

harsh mochi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solar Energy

Contents
List the advantage and limitation of Solar Energy.
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER
1. Clean and Non-Polluting
2. Renewable energy
3. Solar cells do not produce noise means totally silent plant.
4. Require very low maintenance
5. Provide Electricity to Remote area
6. Leads Role to reduce Global Warming
7. There are no fuel costs or fuel supply problems

DISADVANTAGES
(1)Soar power cannot be obtained in night time
(2)Solar cells (or) solar panels are very expensive
(3)Air pollution and whether can affect the production of electricity
(4)Solar Plant required large area of land to produce sufficient power.

(5)Reliability depends on location


Explain solar cell, module, Panel and array

The Solar Cell is generally made from silcon, It having N-P Silicon Junction and Busbar.

The series connected solar cell is called module. One solar has smaller voltage (0.5 V)
Hence to get 36 V or more it required in series.

Series connected module is called solar panel or string.

Finally, all string are connected in parallel is called solar array. To get more current it
required to connect in parallel.
Solar cell-Amorphous, monocrystalline, polycrystalline
V-I characteristics of a PV cell, PV module, array

Solar Cell I-V Characteristics


Curves are basically a graphical
representation of the operation of a
solar cell or module summarising the
relationship between the current and
voltage at the existing conditions of
irradiance and temperature.

I-V curves provide the information


required to configure a solar system so
that it can operate as close to its
optimal peak power point (MPP) as
possible.
Power Electronic Converters & MPPT algorithms

Controllers & Interfaces:


Embedded Hardware for Control
System Implementation
✓ Gate Driver Boards: Isolate and
Interface the Controllers to the
Power Switches
✓ Converters and Inverters:
Power Electronics Topologies such
as the 3 Phase Inverter
✓ Measurement Modules:
Isolated Voltage and Current
Feedback Measurement
Power Electronic Converters & MPPT algorithms

PV array has non-linear I-V characteristic and output power depends on environmental
conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature.

There is a point on I-V, P-V characteristic curve of PV array called as Maximum Power Point
(MPP), where the PV system produces its maximum output power.

Location of MPP changes with change in environmental condition. The purpose of MPPT is to
adjust the solar operating voltage close to MPP under changing environmental conditions. In
order to continuously gather the maximum power from the PV array, they have to operate at
their MPPT despite of the inhomogeneous change in environmental conditions.

The two most commonly algorithms for PV applications as they are easy to implement are
Perturb and Observe (P & O) Incremental Conductance.
P&O MPPT algorithms
Grid-Connected System and Standalone system

1. Stand-Alone (OFF-GRID)
Photovoltaic systems
- Often used in remote
areas.
- Utilize batteries for energy
storage.
- Key issues: Loss of load
probability & reliability.
2. Grid-Connected (ON-GRID)
Photovoltaic systems
Can be used to feed load
demands or the gird.
Financial return from selling
to the grid.
Generally, use of battery
storage is not essential.
Solar Water Pumps

Sunlight to DC electricity generated by solar panel. Charge controllers protect batteries from
overcharging and over-discharging and prevent loads from drawing too much power from the
battery. Stored DC energy is delivered to Inverter to convert AC. AC supply given to motor which
shaft is connected with Pump and it draw source water and delivered to Overhead tank. Finally
water stored from tank is used for irrigation purpose.

In case of DC motor pump, no requirement of Inverter.


DC Solar Water Pumps

When sunlight falls on the solar panels it produces direct current (DC) which then feeds the
pump controller.
Pump controller matches the output power that the pump receives with the input power
available from the solar panels.

A controller usually provides low voltage protection, whereby the system is switched off if the
voltage is too low or too high for the operating voltage range of the pump. From the controller,
supply given to DC motor which shaft is connected with Pump and it draw source water and
delivered to Overhead tank. Finally water stored from tank is used for irrigation purpose.
Solar street lights

From the sunlight, PV panel generate DC electricity, The power generated by a solar panel
depends on the size of the solar panel and the amount of sunlight absorbed.

During the day, generated DC energy is stored in batteries through a charge controller.
Charge controllers protect batteries from overcharging and over-discharging and prevent
loads from drawing too much power from the battery.

At night time DC electricity provided to LED Lamp of street light. LED controller having PIR
motion sensor which use to as a timer to on –off LED lamps as per set time.
Battery sizing
GTU Paper Questions

No Question Mark Exam


1 Explain solar cell, module and array 3 DEC-
22, 21
2 Explain the importance & working of solar water pump 7 DEC-22
3 Explain the operation of grid connected solar PV system. 3 DEC-21
4 List the advantage and limitation of Solar Energy. 4 DEC-21

5 What is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system? Explain P & 3 DEC-22
O algorithm to track maximum power from solar PV System
6 Draw & explain the I-V and P-V characteristics of Solar cell. 4 Dec-22
DEC-
2021

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