Responsibility.

Personal WhatsApp no. for doubts.

Topic wise test.
Worth it.
Join the class on time.

Watch all the lectures in proper sequence.

Make notes after the lecture from pdf or recorded lecture.

Complete strategy will be discussed after basics(4classes).

No WhatsApp / Telegram/ Insta groups.

Avoid comments while I am teaching.

Ex- students/YouTube students no show off.

It is me who is your best friend.

It is I who am your best friend.

He looks happy.

He works happily.

I like your/yours bag.

 Parts of speech
Noun:-
acts as subject/object Mohan bought a book.

Pronoun:-
comes in place of noun He bought a book.

Verb:-represents action Rahul stole a ring.

Adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun

Mohan bought a big house.

Adverb qualifies a verb, adjective, adverb

Rohan walks slowly.

Conjunction joins two words or clauses

Ram and Shyam are playing cricket.

Preposition relates a noun or pronoun with other words

of a sentence

I saw Rajesh in a park.

Interjection expresses feelings or emotions

Hurray ! We won the match

1. Proper – Ram , Delhi, Bible, Taj Mahal, etc.

2. Common – Student, City, Book, Monument, etc

3. Collective – Team, Jury, Gang, Bevy, etc

4. Material – Iron, Copper, Sand, Milk, Water, etc

5. Abstract – Honesty, Bravery, Love, Hate, etc.

Tea
Chair
Ink
Song
Music
Air
Star
Football
Elephant
Football is my favourite game.

I bought a football yesterday.

Elephant is my favourite animal.

I saw an elephant yesterday.

Mohan had eaten only one bread before
he went to office.

Despite several hardships, He did not leave

the path of an honesty
FUNCTION OF NOUN It can be a Subject, Object,
Prepositional object, Subject complement,
Object complement.

Rohan broke a chair.

The teacher punished Kunal.

➢PREPOSITION :- It relates a noun or pron with other words
of a sentence. It is used to add additional info in a sentence.

Ajay plays cricket .

Ajay plays cricket with Kunal.

Ajay plays cricket with Kunal in the park.

➢ Pronoun :- It stands for a noun. It can be a Subject,
Object, Prepositional object, Subject complement,
Object complement, etc in a sentence.

Aman bought a bag for Aarti.

He bought it for her.

 “BE” FORMS
Aman is singing a song.
IS/AM/ARE/BE

WAS/WERE

BEEN
Aman is a teacher.
Aman is a teacher.
➢ Pronoun :- It stands for a noun. It can be a Subject,
Object, Prepositional object, Subject complement, Object
complement, etc in a sentence.

Aman bought a bag for Aarti.

He bought it for her.

 “BE” FORMS
Aman is singing a song.
IS/AM/ARE/BE

WAS/WERE

BEEN
Aman is a teacher.
Aman is a teacher.
Mohan wrote a romantic letter to Shalini.

Rajni sold an old car to Ramesh.

Raj watched a short movie with Anjali.

1.Qualitative adjective – Nice, Big, New, Circular, Red,
Wooden, etc.

2.Quantitative adjective –Few, Many, Little, Much, Some,

all etc.
3.Possessive adjective – My, Our, Your, His, Her, Its, Their, etc

4.Demonstrative adjective – This, That, These, Those, etc.

5.Numeral adjective –

(1)Cardinals – One, Two , Three,1,2,3 etc

(2)Ordinals – First, Second,Third, etc.

6. Proper adjective – Italian, German,Gandhian etc.

Mohan helped a german soldier.

I have bought these flowers for my wife.

Shilpa gave some books to her friend.

Komal sold all those books in 2 hours.

We need brave and loyal soldiers for our country.

Sachin scored his second century in that tournament.

This is my car.

I want this car.

These are Rohan’s friends

Mohan has sent these gifts for you.

I have visited Rohan’s house.

Raj stole Pulkit’s car.

He threw a big stone at me

Ajay is rich.

Aman is smart.

Rahul is tall.
He threw a big stone at me

Ajay is rich.

Aman is smart.

Rahul is tall.
➢ Adverb :- It qualifies a verb, adjective or adverb.

A horse runs.

A horse runs fast.

A horse runs very fast.

Time (when) :- Yesterday, Soon, Late, Early, Recently etc.

Place (where) :- Here, There, Up, Down, Upstairs,

Somewhere etc.
Manner (how):- Bravely, Nicely, Rudely, sweetly,
Easily etc.

Frequency (often):- Daily, Always, Seldom, Never,

Occasionally etc.

Degree (how much):- Very, So, Enough, Too, Much,

Far etc.
They arranged all the letters very carefully.

I will take your class tomorrow.

Mukesh talks very loudly and arrogantly.

I have forgotten my glasses somewhere.

My mother goes to temple daily.

Difference between adjective and adverb:-

The fast bowler from Australia bowled really fast.

Rohan helped me in my project.

I want your help.

He answered all my questions honestly

I have got the answer to my question.

He called me yesterday.

You should attend this call.

Clause:- It is a part of a sentence which has its own
subject and main verb
Huraah ! We won the match.

Alas ! His father died yesterday.

Rohan helped me in my project.

I want your help.

He answered all my questions honestly

I have got the answer to my question.

He called me yesterday.

You should attend this call.

Clause:- It is a part of a sentence which has its own
subject and main verb
Huraah ! We won the match.

Alas ! His father died yesterday.

He goes/go to school daily.

He does not go/goes to school

He should go/goes to school

 Verb :- It shows state of action.
1.Doing:- इसमें object हो भी सकता है और नहीीं भी..

Mohan ate my cake.

He went to Delhi.
3.Happening:-इन verbs में काम अपने आप होता है कोई करता नही है ,
इसीलिए इनमे भी object नही होता है Ergative verbs :- Begin, Break,
Change, Crack , Move, Open, Stop, Melt, Dry etc.

The sun rises in the east.

Rohan fell from the stairs.

The ice melted very quickly.

Transitive v/s Intransitive verb :-

➢Transitive verbs में action लकसी object पर transfer होता है

इसीलिए ये object रखती है ....

➢Intransitive verbs में action लकसी पर transfer नहीीं होता है

इसीलिए ये object नही रखती है ....
Rohan bought a new bag.

Monu threw a stone at me.

Mohan kicked the ball.

Suresh stole my book.

Some intransitive verbs:- Go, walk, run, arrive, smile, laugh,
cry, sleep, fall, slip etc.

Rahul sleeps very late.

Mohan walks very slowly.

Their son is crying.

Mahesh arrived very late yesterday

Mohan plays cricket with his brothers.

Mohan played well in the last match.

Ajay sang a song for Shalini.

Ajay sings very sweetly.

Mr. Gupta introduced to the VC.

He discussed about his financial problems with us.

He is a very brave soldier.

He handled that difficult situation very bravely.

Rohan bought an extremely costly house.

We saw that old bus yesterday.

Raju often steals pens from my store.

Aman is very rude and arrogant.

Active voice:- (Subject=Doer) Be verb:-

Passive voice (Be+v3 ) :- (Subject =Receiver) →Is/Am/Are

→Was/Were

→Been

→Being
Active voice:- Mohan stole a car.

Passive voice:- A car was stolen by Mohan .

Active voice:- Kunal loves Radhika.

Passive voice:- Radhika is loved by Kunal.

1.That letter has delivered by the postman.

2.The postman has been delivered that letter.

1. Assertive sentence:-

(a)Affirmative sentence:- Mohan plays cricket.

(b)Negative sentence:- Mohan does not play cricket.

Are you studying English ?

Have you completed the task ?

Who teaches you ?

Close the door.

Wait outside.

Please help me.

Work hard.
May you succeed in your life.

Congratulations on your victory.

Hurrah ! We won the match.

Alas ! He is dead.
Personal Pronoun:-

He/Him broke the glass.

The teacher punished him/he.

Classification of pronoun:-

The case of personal Subjectiv Objective Possessive Possessive

pronoun e case case adjective pronoun

Singular I Me My Mine
First person
Plural We Us Our Ours

Second Singular You You Your Yours

person /Plural
Third Singular He/she/It Him/Her/it His/Her/Its His/her
person
plural They Them Their Theirs
I like your / yours bag but you do not like my.
Ours dog can easily defeat your in a race.
Rajender is a brave soldier.
Our is the biggest house in this colony.
Our is the biggest house in this colony.

Explanation:- यह ाँ our की जगह ours क use ककय ज येग

So the correct sentence will be- Ours is the biggest house in this
colony.
You should cut it’s nails before it hurts you.
You should cut it’s nails before it hurts you.

Explanation:- यह ाँ it’s की जगह its क use ककय ज येग क्योंकक यह ाँ

possessive adjective की ज़रूरत है ,

it’s ‘it is’ की contracted form है जय की Pron + verb क क म करती है

So the correct sentence will be-

You should cut its nails before it hurts you.
Its a very easy question so you should solve it quickly.
You and I should complete …………..homework quickly.

Radhika and Sonu are waiting for ……….….food.

They should submit …………. projects on time.

Monu has forgotten ………....... lunchbox in the school.

Reflexive Pronoun:- If the doer and the receiver of an action
is the same person or thing, use the receiver in reflexive case.

He killed him.
(उसने उसे म र किय , इस case में doer and receiver ियनयों अलग अलग है )

He killed himself.
(उसने खुि कय म र किय ,इस case में doer and receiver ियनयों एक ही है )
 He introduced him.

He introduced himself.
Person Subjective Objective Possessive Reflexive case
case case case
First Singular I ME Mine Myself
person
Plural We US Ours Ourselves
Second Singular You You Yours Yourself/Yourselves
person /Plural
Third Singular He Him His Himself
person
She Her Hers Herself
It It Itself
Plural They Them Theirs Themselves
He adapted him quickly to the new city.
I can’t put me in danger for you as I hardly know you.
I can’t put me in danger for you as I hardly know you.

Explanation:- यह ाँ me की जगह myself क use ककय ज येग ,

क्योंकक put action क doer and receiver एक ही है

So the correct sentence will be-

I can’t put myself in danger for you as I hardly know you.

Put you in my place and then you can understand my problems.
Put you in my place and then you can understand my problems.

Explanation:- यह imperative sentence है , यह ाँ you की जगह

yourself हयग क्योंकक put verb क doer and receiver ियनयों
एक (you) ही है

So the correct sentence will be-

Put youself in my place and then you can understand my problems.

Myself is Aman
Myself is Aman

Explanation:- Myself एक reflexive pronoun है जय एक object क क म

करत है यह कभी भी subject क क म नहीों कर सकत इसीकलए हमें इस sentence
कय सही करने के कलए ऐसे कलखन हयग

Note:- Reflexive pronoun verb क object बनत है , और preposition क

object भी बन सकत है

I am Aman . Or My name is Aman

I built it for myself .
Myself is Aman
Myself is Aman

Explanation:- Myself एक reflexive pronoun है जो एक object का काम

करता है यह कभी भी subject का काम नहीीं कर सकता इसीलिए हमें इस sentence
को सही करने के लिए ऐसे लिखना होगा

Note:- Reflexive pronoun verb का object बनता है , और preposition का

object भी बन सकता है

I am Aman . Or My name is Aman

I built it for myself .
Note:-

➢ Use reflexive pronoun after these verbs acquit, avail, reconcile,

amuse, resign, avenge, exert, apply, adapt, adjust, pride, absent,
enjoy etc.

➢ Don’t use reflexive pronoun after these verbs keep, stop, turn,
qualify, bathe, move, rest, hide etc.
Emphatic Pronoun:- It is used to emphasise that the
action was done by the subject himself.

I saw myself.
( मैंने खुद को दे खा, यहााँ myself ‘reflexive pronoun’ है )

I myself saw you. Or I saw you myself.

( मैंने खुद तुझे दे खा, यहााँ myself ‘emphatic pronoun’ है )

Subjective case Objective case Emphatic case
I Me Myself
We Us Ourselves
You You Yourself/Yourselves
He Him Himself
She Her Herself
It It Itself
They Them Themselves
I visited Rohan’s house.

I myself saw you.

I saw you myself.

Difference between ‘Reflexive pronoun and Emphatic pronoun:-

Emphatic pronoun:- Reflexive pronoun

1.Position:- Before the main verb 1.Position:- After the main verb.
or after the object if object
contains less words.

2.Act as adj/adv. 2.Act as object(pronoun).

3.Doer and receiver are not same. 3. Doer and receiver are same.
Rohan solved himself all the questions.
Rohan solved himself all the questions.

Explanation:- इस sentence में himself को solved के पहिे या all the questions के बाद
रखना पड़े गा क्ोींलक यहााँ यह emphatic pronoun का function कर रहा है …

So the correct sentence will be:-

Rohan himself solved all the questions.

Or
Rohan solved all the questions himself.
Rajni prepared herself breakfast for the whole family.
Sonali prepared herself very well for the exam.
Sonali prepared herself very well for the exam.

Explanation:- यह sentence सही है यहााँ herself reflexive pronoun का

function कर रहा है ..

Sentence का meaning ये है लक ‘सोनािी ने खुद को exam के लिए बहुत

अच्छे से तैयार लकया था’
I paid myself the due rent to you when I came to Jaipur.
I paid myself the due rent to you when I came jaipur.

Explanation:- इस sentence में myself को paid के पहिे रखना पड़े गा क्ोींलक यहााँ यह
emphatic pronoun का function कर रहा है …

So the correct sentence will be:-

I myself paid the due rent to you when I came to jaipur.

She herself killed herself and her children.
She herself killed herself and her children.

Explanation:- यह sentence सही है यहााँ herself का reflexive

pronoun और emphatic pronoun दोनोीं के लिए use हुआ है ....

Sentence का meaning ये है लक ‘उसने खुद ही खुद को और

अपने बच्ोीं को मार लदया’
Distributive Pronoun (Each/Either/Neither)

All the boys have completed the assignment.

Each of the boys has completed the assignment.

Each/Either/Neither + of + Noun (plural) +Verb (singular)
+Pro/Adj (Singular)

Each of the boys have brought their pencil.

Neither of them have completed the assignment.
Neither of them have completed the assignment.

Explanation:- इस sentence में have की जगह has होगा क्ोींलक neither distributive
subject है ,

So the correct sentence will be:-

Neither of them has completed the assignment.

I invited 5 players for interview but neither of them came.
I invited 5 players for interview but neither of them came.

Explanation:- इस sentence में neither की जगह none, क्ोींलक यहााँ 5 players की बात हो
रही है और neither केवि 2 के लिए use लकया जाता है ,

So the correct sentence will be:-

I invited 5 players for interview but none of them came.

I have brought 5 books and you can take either of these.
 I have brought 5 books and you can take either of these.

Explanation:- इस sentence में either की जगह any होगा , क्ोींलक यहााँ 5 books की बात हो
रही है और either केवि 2 के लिए use लकया जाता है ,

So the correct sentence will be:-

I have brought 5 books and you can take any of these.

Both of the guests have not come on time.
Explanation:- यहााँ Both की जगह Neither का use होगा क्ोींलक Both का use कभी भी
negative clause में नही लकया जाता है इसीलिए यहााँ Both की जगह Neither का use होगा
उसके according verb ‘have’ की जगह has आयेगी और not को हटाना पड़े गा क्ोींलक Neither
sentence में already negative sense convey करता है एक clause sentence में double
negation नहीीं हो सकता….

So the correct sentence will be-

Neither of the guests has come on time.
English and Hindi are easy languages but he can’t speak both.
 English and Hindi are easy languages but he can’t speak both.

Explanation:- Both का use negative sentence में नही लकया जाता

यहााँ both की जगह Neither का use होगा.....

So the correct sentence will be- English and Hindi are easy
languages but he can speak neither.
Both of the guests have not come on time.
Explanation:- यह ाँ Both की जगह Neither क use होग क्ोोंकक Both क use कभी भी
negative sentence में नही ककय ज त है इसीकिए यह ाँ Both की जगह Neither क use होग
उसके according verb ‘have’ की जगह has आयेगी और not को हट न पड़े ग क्ोोंकक Neither
sentence में already negative sense convey करत है एक clause sentence में double
negation नहीों हो सकत ….

So the correct sentence will be-

Neither of the guests has come on time.
English and Hindi are easy languages but he can’t speak both.
English and Hindi are easy languages but he can’t speak both.

Explanation:- Both क use negative sentence में नही ककय ज त

यह ाँ both की जगह Neither क use होग .....

So the correct sentence will be- English and Hindi are easy
languages but he can speak neither.
V1+ing:- It functions as…..

➢ Noun:- It can be a subject, object or prepositional object in a

sentence. In this case it is called gerund.

➢Adjective:- It can be an adjective in a sentence. In this case it is

called present participle.

➢Verb:- It can be a verb in a sentence.

Rahul is watching a movie.
Rahul is watching a movie.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘watching’ main verb क

function कर रह है ...
Smoking causes cancer.
Smoking causes cancer.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘Smoking’ subject क क म कर रह

है इसीकिए यह यह ाँ noun क क म कर रह है इसीकिए यह यह ाँ gerund
क function कर रह है ...
Salman shot the running deer.
 Salman shot the running deer.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘running’ deer की किशेषत बत रह है

इसीकिए यह ाँ यह present participle है ...
They started shouting in the class.
They started shouting in the class.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘shouting’ object क क म कर रह है

इसीकिए यह यह ाँ noun क क म कर रह है इसीकिए यह यह ाँ gerund क
function कर रह है...
The mother consoled the crying child.
 The mother consoled the crying child.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘crying’ child की किशेषत बत रह है

इसीकिए यह ाँ यह present participle है ...
This movie was really interesting.
He is smart.
This movie was really interesting.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘interesting’ Movie की किशेषत बत रह

है इसीकिए यह ाँ यह present participle है ...
Karan’s performance in the match was outstanding.
Karan’s performance in the match was outstanding.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘outstanding’ Karan’s performance की

किशेषत बत रह है इसीकिए यह ाँ यह present participle है ...
V3:- It functions as….

➢Verb:- It can be a verb in a sentence.

➢Adjective:-It can be an adjective in a sentence. In this case it

is called past participle.
They have given some instructions to Mr Gupta.

Our soldiers followed the given instructions.

 They have given some instructions to Mr Gupta.

Explanation :- यह ाँ ‘given’ main verb क function कर रह है

Our soldiers followed the given instructions.

Explanation:- यह ाँ ‘given’ instructions को qualify कर रह है

so यह ाँ यह adjective क क म कर रह है इसीकिए यह यह ाँ
past participle है ....
Mohan bought a used car for his wife.

I used a calculator for all these calculations.

Mohan bought a used car for his wife.

Explanation:- यह ाँ ‘used’ car को qualify कर रह है so यह ाँ

यह adjective क क म कर रह है इसीकिए यह यह ाँ
past participle है ....

I used a calculator for all these calculations.

Explanation:- यह ाँ ‘used’ main verb क function कर रह है ....

All the elected MPs were called by the prime minister.
All the elected MPs were called by the prime minister.

Explanation:- यह ाँ ‘elected’ MPs को qualify कर रह है so यह ाँ यह

adjective क क म कर रह है इसीकिए यह यह ाँ past participle है ....
Demonstrative pronoun:- This/That/These/Those

This is my car.

I want this car.

The air of Delhi is more polluted than Mumbai.
The air of Delhi is more polluted than Mumbai.

Explanation:- comparison हमेश same class में होत है यह ाँ delhi की air

क comparison mumbai city से ककय ज रह है जो की ‘out of class’
comparison है , comparison करने के किए सही sentence ये होग -

The air of Delhi is more polluted than the air of Mumbai (is).
Sentence में noun की repeating न हो इसके किए pronoun क use करते है
इसीकिए than के ब द the air की जगह ‘that’ क use करें गे...
So the correct sentence will be :- The air of Delhi is more polluted than
that of Mumbai.
Rajesh is taller than me.
 Rajesh is taller than me.

Explanation :- comparison same class में होत है subject क

comparison subject , object क comparison object से , इस sentence में
subject (Rajesh) क comparison object (me) से ककय गय है जो की out
of class comparison है यह ाँ सही comparison के किए sentence ये होग -

Rajseh is taller than I(am).

Rahul has not followed the given instructions.

I have given some instructions to Rahul.

Rajesh is married.

He is tired.

I am satisfied with your performance.

The air of Delhi is more polluted than Mumbai.
Mohan’s house is bigger than…….

(a) Shilpa’s

(b)Shilpa’s house

(c)That of Shilpa

(d)That of Shilpa’s
Mohan’s house is bigger than…….

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘Mohan के घर’ क comparison ‘Shilpa के

घर’ से होग इसीकिए सही comparison के किए sentence ये होग -

Mohan’s house is bigger than Shilpa’s house.

अब यह ाँ ‘house’ understood है इसीकिए Shilpa’s house की जगह shilpa’s

क use करें गे...

So the correct answer is (a)

The cost of Mohan’s house is higher than…….

(a)Shilpa’s

(b)Shilpa’s house

(c)That of Shilpa

(d)That of Shilpa’s
The cost of Mohan’s house is higher than…….

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘Mohan के घर की कीमत’ क comparison

‘Shilpa के घर की कीमत’ से होग इसीकिए सही comparison के किए
sentence ये होग -
The cost of Mohan’s house is higher than the cost of Shilpa’s house.

इसीकिए The cost की जगह that क use करें गे और Shilpa’s house की

जगह shilpa’s क use करें गे... house understood है
So the correct answer is (d)
The articles of the Hindu are more interesting than that of the

Times of India.
The articles of the Hindu are more interesting than that of the the Times
of India.
Explanation:- That of की जगह those of होग क्ोोंकक यह articles के किए
आय है और यह plural है ...

So the correct sentence will be:-

The articles of the Hindu are more interesting than those of the Times of
India.
Cricket and Chess are famous games. This is an outdoor game
and that is an indoor game.
 Cricket and Chess are famous games. This is an outdoor game and that is an
indoor game.

Explanation:- इस sentence में Cricket और Chess की position को interchange

करन
पड़े ग , क्ोोंकक This प स ि िी चीज को refer करत है और That दू र ि िी चीज को
refer करत है , यह ाँ outdoor game , Cricket के किए आय है इसीकिए हमे
cricket को इस this clause के प स place करन पड़े ग .....

So the correct sentence will be-

Chess and Cricket are famous games. This is an outdoor game and that is an
indoor game.
Demonstrative pronoun:- This/That/These/Those

This is my car.

I want this car.

The air of Delhi is more polluted than Mumbai.
The air of Delhi is more polluted than Mumbai.

Explanation:- comparison हमेशा same class में होता है यहााँ delhi की air
का comparison mumbai city से ककया जा रहा है जो की ‘out of class’
comparison है , comparison करने के किए सही sentence ये होगा-

The air of Delhi is more polluted than the air of Mumbai (is).
Sentence में noun की repeating न हो इसके किए pronoun का use करते है
इसीकिए than के बाद the air की जगह ‘that’ का use करें गे...
So the correct sentence will be :- The air of Delhi is more polluted than
that of Mumbai.
Rajesh is taller than me.
 Rajesh is taller than me.

Explanation :- comparison same class में होता है subject का

comparison subject , object का comparison object से , इस
sentence में subject (Rajesh) का comparison object (me) से
ककया गया है जो की out of class comparison है यहााँ सही
comparison के किए sentence ये होगा -

Rajesh is taller than I(am).

Rahul has not followed the given instructions.

I have given some instructions to Rahul.

Rajesh is married.

He is tired.

I am satisfied with your performance.

The air of Delhi is more polluted than Mumbai.
Mohan’s house is bigger than…….

(a) Shilpa’s

(b)Shilpa’s house

(c)That of Shilpa

(d)That of Shilpa’s
Mohan’s house is bigger than…….

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘Mohan के घर’ का comparison

‘Shilpa के घर’ से होगा इसीकिए सही comparison के किए sentence
ये होगा-
Mohan’s house is bigger than Shilpa’s house.

अब यहााँ ‘house’ understood है इसीकिए Shilpa’s house की जगह

shilpa’s का use करें गे...
So the correct answer is (a)
The cost of Mohan’s house is higher than…….

(a)Shilpa’s

(b)Shilpa’s house

(c)That of Shilpa

(d)That of Shilpa’s
The cost of Mohan’s house is higher than…….

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘Mohan के घर की कीमत’ का

comparison ‘Shilpa के घर की कीमत’ से होगा इसीकिए सही
comparison के किए sentence ये होगा-
The cost of Mohan’s house is higher than the cost of
Shilpa’s house.
इसीकिए The cost की जगह that का use करें गे और Shilpa’s
house की जगह shilpa’s का use करें गे... house understood है
So the correct answer is (d)
The articles of the Hindu are more interesting than

that of the Times of India.

The articles of the Hindu are more interesting than that of
the the Times of India.
Explanation:- That of की जगह those of होगा क्ोोंकक यह
articles के किए आया है और यह plural है ...

So the correct sentence will be:-

The articles of the Hindu are more interesting than those

of the Times of India.
Cricket and Chess are famous games. This is an

outdoor game and that is an indoor game.

Cricket and Chess are famous games. This is an outdoor game
and that is an indoor game.

Explanation:- इस sentence में Cricket और Chess की position को

interchange करना पड़े गा , क्ोोंकक This पास वािी चीज को refer
करता है और That दू र वािी चीज को refer करता है , यहााँ outdoor
game , Cricket के किए आया है इसीकिए हमे cricket को इस this
clause के पास place करना पड़े गा.....

So the correct sentence will be-

Chess and Cricket are famous games. This is an outdoor game and
that is an indoor game.
RELATIVE PRONOUN:- Relative pronoun दो काम करते हैं -

(a) Pronoun

(b) conjunction

conjunction होने के कारण ये दो clause को join करते है , pronoun

होने के कारण ये subject या object बनने का काम करते है ,
 WHO v/s WHOM

Who:- who is subjective case.

Whom:- whom is objective case.

Who/Whom का error करने के किए हमें एक concept ध्यान में रखना है –

No. of verbs = No. of subjects.

They rewarded the man who/whom saved the child.
They rewarded the man whom saved the child.

Explanation:- इस sentence में दो verbs है – ‘rewarded’ और ‘saved’,

rewarded verb को subject ‘they’ कमि चुका है िेककन saved verb को
subject नहीों कमिा है इसीकिए objective case नही बल्कि subjective case
की ज़रूरत है , so यहााँ whom की जगह who करना पड़े गा ,

So the correct sentence will be-

They rewarded the man who saved the child.

Rajat found the boy who/whom you were searching.
Rajat found the boy who/whom you were searching.

Explanation:- इस sentence में दोनोों verbs को subjects कमि चुके

है तो यहााँ object की ज़रूरत है so who की जगह who का objective
case whom आयेगा

So the correct sentence will be-

Rajat found the boy whom you were searching.

Adjectival/Adverbial phrases and clauses

➢ अगर कोई ‘group of words’ कमिकर Adjective/Adverb/Noun का

काम कर रहा है तो वो या तो phrase होगा या clause....

➢ अगर उस group में verb आ रही है तो clause होगा और अगर verb

नहीों आ रही है तो phrase होगा..
The boy in red shirt has won the race.

The teacher punished the boy who broke the chair.

The boy in red shirt has won the race.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘in red shirt’ boy को qualify कर रहा है ,

boy एक noun है और noun को ‘adjective’ qualify करते है , और ‘in red
shirt’ में verb नहीों है इसीकिए ये group of words adjectival phrase है

The teacher punished the boy who broke the chair.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘who broke the chair’ boy को qualify कर

रहा है , boy एक noun है और noun को ‘adjective’ qualify करते है , और ‘who
broke the chair’ में verb है इसीकिए ये group of words adjectival clause है
She will call me at 2:00 am.

She will call me tomorrow.

She will call me when Rahul calls her.

She will call me at 2:00 am.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘at 2:00 am’ call को qualify

कर रहा है , call एक verb है और verb को ‘adverb’ qualify
करते है , और ‘at 2:00 am’ में verb नहीों है इसीकिए ये group
of words adverbial phrase (of time) है
I met her at the station.

I met her here.

I met her where we had lunch.

We need an employee who he can go to Delhi for work.
Police recused the boy who/whom the kidnapper had
tied him to a chair.
The boy who (a)/ we have selected in our (b)/ team is
playing cricket there.(c)/ne(d)
The boy who we have selected in our team is playing cricket there.

Explanation:- इस sentence में दोनोों verbs को subjects कमि चुके है तो

who की जगह who का objective case ‘whom’ होगा

So the correct sentence will be-

The boy whom we have selected in our team is playing cricket there.
The boy who (a)/ we have selected in our (b)/ team is
playing cricket there.(c)/ne(d)
The boy who we have selected in our team is playing cricket there.

Explanation:- इस sentence में दोनोों verbs को subjects ममल चुके है तो

who की जगह who का objective case ‘whom’ होगा

So the correct sentence will be-

The boy whom we have selected in our team is playing cricket there.
We met the boy (a)/ whom you said (b)/ had won the gold

medal.(c)/ ne(d)
We met the boy whom you said had won the gold medal.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘met’ verb को subject ‘we’ ममल चुका है

‘said’ verb को subject ‘you’ ममल चुका है ‘had won’ verb को subject
नही ममला है इसीमलए subjective case की ज़रूरत है so whom की जगह
who होगा क्ोोंमक whom objective case है

So the correct sentence will be –

We met the boy who you said had won the gold medal.
Rohan helped the (a)/ woman whom he (b)/ thought had
cancer.(c)/ ne(d)
Rohan helped the woman whom he thought had cancer.

Explanation:- इस sentence में help verb को subject ‘Rohan’ ममल चुका

है thought verb को subject ‘he’ ममल चुका है had verb को subject नही
ममला है इसीमलए subjective case की ज़रूरत है so whom की जगह who
होगा क्ोोंमक whom objective case है

So the correct sentence will be –

Rohan helped the woman who he thought had cancer.

Noun clause:-

I know how he escaped from the prison.

I know how he escaped from the prison.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘how he escaped from that prison’ know

verbका object बन रहा है ‘object’ noun ही बनता है , इस group of words में
verb आ रही है इसमलए ये noun clause है ...
She did not explain why she sold the house.
She did not explain why she sold the house.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘why she sold the house’ explain verb
का object बन रहा है ‘object’ noun ही बनता है , इस group of words में
verb आ रही है इसमलए ये noun clause है ...
When to omit a conjunction ?:- अगर मकसी verb का ‘object’ noun clause
बन रहा हो और दोनोों clauses को जोड़ने के मलए ‘that’ conjunction use
की गयी हो तो ‘that’ conjunction को omit मकया जा सकता है .....
She said that she would join Aman’s batch.

इस sentence में ‘said’ verb का object पूरा का पूरा clause ‘she would join
Aman’s batch.’ बन रहा है इसीमलए इस sentence में ‘that’ conjunction को
drop मकया जा सकता है …..
They thought that Rajat had broken the window.

इस sentence में ‘thought’ verb का object पूरा का पूरा clause ‘Rajat had
broken the window.’ बन रहा है इसीमलए इस sentence में ‘that’ conjunction
को drop मकया जा सकता है ….
I know where he has kept the money.

इस sentence में ‘know’ verb का object पूरा का पूरा clause ‘he has kept the
money.’ बन रहा है लेमकन clauses को जोड़ने के मलए यहााँ ‘where’
conjunction use की गयी है इसीमलए यहााँ ‘where’ को drop नहीों कर सकते
How he escaped from that prison is a mystery.

Why she slapped him is not clear.

How he escaped from that prison is a mystery.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘how he escaped from that prison’

subject बन रहा है ‘subject’ noun ही बनता है , इस group of words में
verb आ रही है इसीमलए ये noun clause है ...
We met the boy (a)/ whom you said (b)/ had won the gold

medal.(c)/ ne(d)
Rohan helped the (a)/ woman whom he (b)/ thought had

cancer.(c)/ ne(d)
The guests whom we were talking about have come are my
cousins.(c)/ ne(d)
The guests whom we were talking about have come are my cousins.

Explanation:- इस sentence में talking verb को subject ‘we’ ममल चुका है

‘guests’ subject को verb sentence के last में are ममल चुकी है , क्ोोंमक
अगर मकसी subject को starting में verb ना ममली हो तो generally
sentence के last में ममलती है , अब have verb को subject नही ममला है
इसीमलए whom की जगह subjective case who होगा..

So the correct sentence will be –

The guests who we were talking about have come are my cousins.
The students who (a)/ have missed the previous class they
should watch (b)/ the recorded video.(c)/ ne(d)
The students who have missed the previous class they should watch
the recorded video.
Explanation:- इस sentence में 2 verbs ‘have missed’ और ‘should watch’ है और
subjects 3 ‘students ,who और they’ है, अब यहााँ who को whom में change नहीों कर
सकते क्ोमक ‘who’ have missed का subject बनेगा क्ोमक missed का object
‘previous class’ है , ‘should watch’ verb sentence के starting मलखे गये subject
‘students’ को ममलनी चामहये थी but students के मलए एक और pronoun ‘they’ use कर
मदया है जो की सही नहीों है इसीमलए they को हटाना पड़े गा तामक ‘should watch’ verb का
subject ‘students’ हो जाए और No. of verbs = No. of subjects. हो जाये

So the correct sentence will be –

The students who have missed the previous class should watch
the recorded video.
We met some (a)/ students who (b)/ you taught English.(c)/
ne(d)
Di-transitive verb:-

1.Indirect object:- Reply of ‘to/for/from/whom’ from the verb.

(Human being)

2.Direct object:- Reply of ‘what’ from the verb. ( Generally

things )
He gave me a book.

He told her a story.

Ajay sent him a letter.

Mohan is teaching us English.

Mohan lent Sohan some money.

He ordered them to go away.

He requested us to come here.

Mohan teaches very well.

Mohan taught English to his son.

Mohan taught his son English.

Rohan gave a book to her.

Rohan gave her a book.

My mother made a cake for me.

My mother made me a cake.

We met some (a)/ students who (b)/ you taught English.(c)/
ne(d)
We met some students who you taught English.

Explanation:- इस sentence में 2 verbs है और दोनोों के subjects and objects

आ चुके है अब यहााँ ‘who’ subjective case की ज़रूरत तो है नहीों अगर who को हटा
दे ते है तो sentence में conjunction नही होगा, but यहााँ एक खास बात ये है की ‘teach’
verb ‘Di-transitive verb’ ( 2 objects रखने वाली verb ) है, इसका एक ‘direct’
object ‘english’ तो आ चुका है but इसका ‘indirect object’ नहीों ममला है, तो हमें who
को whom में change करना पड़े गा तामक ‘whom’ conjunction के साथ – साथ
‘teach’ verb के indirect object को भी refer कर सके ....

So the correct sentence will be –

We met some students whom you taught English.

We met some (a)/ students who (b)/ you taught English.(c)/
ne(d)
Di-transitive verb:-

1.Indirect object:- Reply of ‘to/for/from/whom’ from the verb.

(Human being)

2.Direct object:- Reply of ‘what’ from the verb. ( Generally

things )
He gave me a book.

He told her a story.

Ajay sent him a letter.

Mohan is teaching us English.

Mohan lent Sohan some money.

He ordered them to go away.

He requested us to come here.

Mohan teaches very well.

Mohan taught English to his son.

Mohan taught his son English.

Rohan gave a book to her.

Rohan gave her a book.

My mother made a cake for me.

My mother made me a cake.

We met some (a)/ students who (b)/ you taught English.(c)/
ne(d)
We met some students who you taught English.

Explanation:- इस sentence में 2 verbs है और दोनोों के subjects and objects

आ चुके है अब यह ाँ ‘who’ subjective case की ज़रूरत तो है नहीों अगर who को हट
दे ते है तो sentence में conjunction नही होग , but यह ाँ एक ख स ब त ये है की ‘teach’
verb ‘Di-transitive verb’ ( 2 objects रखने व ली verb ) है, इसक एक ‘direct’
object ‘english’ तो आ चुक है but इसक ‘indirect object’ नहीों ममल है, तो हमें who
को whom में change करन पड़े ग त मक ‘whom’ conjunction के स थ – स थ
‘teach’ verb के indirect object को भी refer कर सके ....

So the correct sentence will be –

We met some students whom you taught English.
Which:-Things/animals

He lost the bag who/which he got from his uncle.

 Relative pronoun:- ‘that’

➢ Use relative pronoun ‘that’ with these words:-

All/None/Both/Everything/Anything/No/The same/
The few/The little/The only/The + superlative degree etc
She is the same lady who stole your wallet in the bus.
She is the same lady who stole your wallet in the bus.

Explanation:- इस sentence में who की जगह that क use मकय ज येग क्ोोंमक
‘the same’ क use हुआ है

So the correct sentence will be-

She is the same lady that stole your wallet in the bus.
They stole the little money which he had saved for his

daughter’s marriage.
They stole the little money which he had saved for his daughter’s
marriage.

Explanation:-इस sentence में which की जगह that क use मकय ज येग

क्ोोंमक ‘the little’ क use हुआ है

So the correct sentence will be-

They stole the little money that he had saved for his daughter’s
marriage.
Sachin is the best batsman who has ever played on this

ground.
Sachin is the best batsman who has ever played on this ground.

Explanation:-इस sentence में who की जगह that क use मकय ज येग क्ोोंमक
‘the+ superlative degree’ क use हुआ है

So the correct sentence will be-

Sachin is the best batsman that has ever played on this ground.
The man and the dog which were crossing the road

were hit by a truck.

Ajay bought a bag.

A bag was bought by Ajay.

The man and the dog which were crossing the road were hit by a truck.

Explanation:- इस sentence में which की जगह that क use मकय ज येग क्ोोंमक
which क use dog के मलए तो मकय ज सकत है लेमकन man के मलए नहीों और who
क
use man के मलए मकय ज सकत है लेमकन dog के मलए नही, इसीमलए हमें which की
जगह that क use करन पड़े ग जो एक स थ दोनोों को refer कर सकत है

So the correct sentence will be-

The man and the dog that were crossing the road were hit by a truck.
We saw the same boy who/that stole your wallet.
We saw the same boy who/that stole your wallet.

Explanation:- इस sentence में who नही आयेग that आयेग क्ोोंमक boy के मलए
the same क use हुआ है
I saw a boy who/that was carrying his shoes on his head.
I saw a boy who/that was carrying his shoes on his head.

Explanation:- यह ाँ who आयेग क्ोोंमक boy specific नहीों है ...

We saw the boy who/that won the race yesterday.
We saw the boy who/that won the race yesterday.

Explanation:- यह ाँ who और that दोनोों आ सकते है

I want the same bag which/that I saw at the mall.
I want the same bag which/that I saw at the mall.

Explanation:- इस sentence में which नही आयेग that आयेग क्ोोंमक bag के मलए
the same क use हुआ है
I want a bag which/that has 3 compartments.
I want a bag which/that has 3 compartments.

Explanation:- यह ाँ that नही आयेग which आयेग क्ोोंमक bag specific नहीों है ..
I want the bag which/that is made of leather.
I want the bag which/that is made of leather.

Explanation:- यह ाँ which और that दोनोों आ सकते है

Sehwag is one of the batsmen who has /have scored

more than 8000 runs.

Gold is one of the metals which is/are used in ornaments.
Mercury is only one of the metals that is/are

liquid at room temperature.

Mercury is only one of the metals that is liquid

at room temperature.
Sehwag is one of the batsmen who has /have scored

more than 8000 runs.

Gold is one of the metals which is/are used in ornaments.
Mercury is only one of the metals that is/are

liquid at room temperature.

Mercury is only one of the metals that is liquid

at room temperature.
Relative pronoun ‘which’:-

➢ which का use animals और things के लिए लकया जाता है …

➢अगर लकसी Relative pronoun का antecedent पूरा का पूरा clause

बन रहा है तो relative pronoun ‘which’ का use लकया जाता है |
Aman sir breaks each sentence into parts of speech

that is the best part of his teaching.

Rajat always blames others for his failures

that is not liked by his friends.

 Rajat always blames others for his failures that is not liked by his
friends.

Explanation:- इस sentence में relative pronoun ‘that’ की जगह which होगा

क्ोोंलक इसका antecedent पूरा का पूरा clause ‘Rajat always blames others for
his failures.’ बन रहा है ….
Aryans had horses in their army that was the main

reason for their victory over the people of Harrapan

Civilisation.
 Aryans had horses in their army that was the main reason for
their victory over the people of Harrapan Civilisation

Explanation:- इस sentence में relative pronoun ‘that’ की जगह

which होगा क्ोोंलक इसका antecendent पूरा का पूरा clause ‘Aryans had
horses in their army.’ बन रहा है …

Aryans had horses in their army which was the main reason for their
victory over the people of Harrapan Civilisation
1. I like that car.

2. The quality of this pen is better than that of that one.

3. She said that Rohan had sent that romantic letter.

4. Radhika is the only girl that has passed the exam.

 Explanation:-

1. इस sentence में that ‘demonstrative adjective’ है ..

2. इस sentence में पहिे वािा that ‘demonstrative pronoun’ है जबलक बाद वािा
that ‘demonstrative adjective’ है ...

3. इस sentence में पहिे वािा that ‘simple conjunction’ है और बाद वािा that
‘demonstrative adjective’ है …

4. इस sentence में that ‘relative pronoun’ है ….

Relative pronoun ‘what’:-

➢ What का use तब लकया जाता है जब कोई भी antecedent ना हो

➢ What का use noun clause बनाने के लिए लकया जाता है

I know what you have said.

I appreciate what you did for us.

I could not understand the topic…..he taught yesterday.

(which/who/whom/that(rp)/ what/ that(conj))

I could not understand the topic…..he taught yesterday.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/that(conj))

Explanation:- who और whom ‘human being’ के लिए आते है ये use नही लकये
जा सकते, what तब use लकया जाता है जब कोई antecedent ना हो यहााँ ‘the topic’
antecedent है तो what भी नही आ सकता अब लसर्फ which और that 2 ही option है
यहााँ which और that दोनोों आ सकते है अगर दोनोों में से लकसी को prefer करना हो तो
that को prefer करें गे.....
I could not understand…..he taught yesterday.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/that(conj))

I could not understand…..he taught yesterday.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/ that(conj))

Explanation:- who और whom ‘human being’ के लिए आते है ये use

नही लकये जा सकते ,यहााँ कोई भी antecedent नही है इसीलिए what का use करें गे...
I don’t know….she said about your parents.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/ that(conj))

I don’t know….she said about your parents.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/ that(conj))

Explanation:- who और whom ‘human being’ के लिए आते है ये use

नही लकये जा सकते ,यहााँ कोई भी antecedent नही है इसीलिए what का use करें गे...
He said …….he would join Aman’s batch.

(a) what (b) which

(c) that (R.P) (d) that (Conj)

I don’t know the exact statement….she said.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/ that(conj))

I don’t know the exact statement….she said.

(which/who/whom/that (rp)/ what/ that(conj))

Explanation:- who और whom ‘human being’ के लिए आते है ये use नही लकये
जा सकते, what तब use लकया जाता है जब कोई antecedent ना हो यहााँ ‘the exact
statement’ antecedent है तो what भी नही आ सकता अब लसर्फ that
ही option है
The teacher punished him for shouting loudly.

They have pacified the fighting bulls.

Sleeping on the floor was the main reason for your back pain.

They helped the wounded soldiers.

I want to sleep on the floor.

1. Be (verb) (helping verb) + V1+ing (action verb)

2. Be (verb) (main verb) + V1+ing (adjective)

3. Helping verb (×) + V1+ing (Gerund) + Noun (×)

4. Helping verb (×) + V1+ing (present participle) + Noun (If it is

doer of V1+ing)

5. Helping verb (×) + V1+ing (gerund) + Noun (If it is not doer

of V1+ing)
Sonali is watching a movie.

The news was very shocking.

Rohan stopped smoking.

Sonali is watching a movie.

Explanation :- यह ाँ case-1 बन रह है इसीलिए watching यह ाँ main verb है ...

The news was very shocking.

Explanation:- यह ाँ case-2 बन रह है इसीलिए यह ाँ shocking, adjective है ,

जो news को qualify कर रह है ....

Rohan stopped smoking.

Explanation:- यह ाँ case-3 बन रह है इसीलिए यह ाँ smoking, gerund है

They killed the sleeping child.

Aman likes teaching English.

They killed the sleeping child.

Explanation:- यह ाँ case-4 बन रह है क्ोोंलक sleep करने के क क म क

doer child है इसीलिए sleeping यह ाँ present participle है ....

Aman likes teaching English.

Explanation:- यह ाँ case-5 बन रह है English teaching क doer नहीों है इसीलिए यह ाँ
teaching, gerund है ...
She started singing a song.
 She started singing a song.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘singing’ object क क म कर रह है

इसीलिए यह यह ाँ gerund है , gerund होते हुए भी यह semi verb (अर्द्ध -लिय )
है यह अपने लिए object य adverb रख सकत है , यह ाँ ‘song’ singing क
object है
She wants to watch a movie.
 She wants to watch a movie.

Explanation:- इस sentence में infinitive ‘to watch’ want verb के object

क क म कर रह है , ‘to watch’ infinitive होते हुए भी semi verb है यह
अपने लिए object य adverb रख सकत है , इसीलिए ‘movie’ watch verb
क object है ...
Reciprocal pronoun :- Reciprocal pronoun क use तब लकय
ज त है जब लकसी verb क action ‘subject और object’ दोनोों पर ही
transfer हो रह हो...

Eg. 1.Each other :-इसक use केवि 2 के लिए लकय ज त है ...

2. One another:- इसक use 2 से ज्य द के लिए लकय ज त है ...

Geeta and Babita were fighting with one another in the
market.

All the five brothers of this family trust each other a lot.
Geeta and Babita were fighting with one another in the market.

Explanation:- इस sentence में one another की जगह each other क use लकय
ज येग क्ोोंलक subject 2 ही है ....

All the five brothers of this family trust each other a lot.

Explanation:- इस sentence में each other की जगह one another क use लकय ज येग
क्ोोंलक subject 2 से ज्य द है ....
Interrogative pronoun:- who/whom/which/what/whose

Which is your favourite book ?

What is your aim in your life ?

Whose are these books?

............of these boys has broken the window ?

Indefinite pronoun:-

use singular verbs with these pronouns:-

Everybody Somebody Nobody Anybody

Everyone Someone No one Anyone

Everything Something Nothing Anything

Everyone in that class were called by the principal.

Everything that belonged to us were lost in that flood.

Everyone in that class were called by the principal.

Explanation:- यह ाँ were की जगह was होग क्ोोंलक subject

‘everyone’ है जो singular है ....

Everything that belonged to us were lost in that flood.

Explanation:- यह ाँ were की जगह was होग क्ोोंलक subject ‘everything’

है जो singular है ....
He went there to sleep.

He jumped to cross the bridge.

He booked a cab to go to Delhi.

One should work hard to fulfil his dreams.
One should work hard to fulfil his dreams.

Explanation:- यह ाँ his की जगह one’s होग क्ोोंलक one क possessive case

one’s होत है his नहीों....
One should avail himself of all the opportunities.
One should avail himself of all the opportunities.

Explanation:- यह ाँ himself की जगह oneself क्ोोंलक

one क reflexive case oneself होत है ….
One of the boys has forgotten his lunch box in the class.
One of the boys has forgotten his lunch box in the class.

Explanation:- यह sentence ‘no error’ है ..

I need a costly phone and a cheap one.
He donated a new shirt and 2 old one’s to a beggar.
He donated a new shirt and 2 old one’s to a beggar.

Explanation:- यह ाँ one’s की जगह ones होग क्ोोंलक one की plural

form ones होती है ...

Some of the books was/were sent by Ajay on my birthday.

Some of the milk was/were used to make tea.

Half of the students is/are absent today.

Half of the class is/are absent today.

All
Some
Most
A lot + of + Noun
Lots
Plenty
20 % , 30 %
½
One third
Two fifths
They expelled him from the school for breaking the window.
They pacified the fighting bulls by throwing water on them.
They protected themselves by taking shelter behind a tree.
To blame others for his failures has been Rahul’s habit.
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer and many other diseases.
They expelled him from the school for breaking the window.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘breaking’ gerund है और window gerund क object है

They pacified the fighting bulls by throwing water on them.
Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘fighting’ bulls को qualify कर रह है इसीलिए यह ाँ यह
present participle है और throwing gerund है और water gerund क object है
 They protected themselves by taking shelter behind a tree.
Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘taking’ gerund है और shelter taking क object है
To blame others for his failures has been Rahul’s habit.

Explanation:- इस sentence में to blame infinitive ‘subject’ क क म कर रह है और

‘others’ infinitive क object है
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer and many other diseases.

Explanation:- इस sentence में smoking gerund है और subject क क म कर रह है और

cigarettes smoking क object है ....
They expelled him from the school for breaking the window.
They pacified the fighting bulls by throwing water on them.
They protected themselves by taking shelter behind a tree.
To blame others for his failures has been Rahul’s habit.
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer and many other diseases.
They expelled him from the school for breaking the window.

Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘breaking’ gerund है और window gerund का object है

They pacified the fighting bulls by throwing water on them.
Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘fighting’ bulls को qualify कर रहा है इसीलिए यहााँ यह
present participle है और throwing gerund है और water gerund का object है
 They protected themselves by taking shelter behind a tree.
Explanation:- इस sentence में ‘taking’ gerund है और shelter taking का object है
To blame others for his failures has been Rahul’s habit.

Explanation:- इस sentence में to blame infinitive ‘subject’ का काम कर रहा है और

‘others’ infinitive का object है
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer and many other diseases.

Explanation:- इस sentence में smoking gerund है और subject का काम कर रहा है और

cigarettes smoking का object है ....
Introductory subject:- ‘It’ and ‘there’ act as introductory
subjects when they are followed by a linking verb.

Once there was a king.

There is a cat under the table.

There was a cow in the middle of the road.

There are 30 students in this class.

It:- time/date/ day /month /year/season

It is 3 o’clock.

It is Monday.

It is 2022.
It:- to+v1 (sub.)

To dance is easy.

It is easy to dance.
It:- Clause (sub)

How he escaped from that prison is a mystery .

It is a mystery how he escaped from that prison.

I sent those gifts for you.

It was I who sent those gifts for you.

He won the race.

It was he who won the race.

It was he/him whom those boys teased in the playground.
1.It is him who stole those important papers.
It is him who stole those important papers.

Explanation – यह ाँ It एक introductory subject है और यह ाँ

real subject ‘he’ है इसीलिए him की जगह he
लिखन होग ...

So the correct sentence will be –

It is he who stole those important papers.

2. It is me who is your best friend.
It is me who is your best friend.

Explanation – यह ाँ it एक introductory subject है और यह ाँ real subject

‘I’ है इसीलिए me की जगह I लिखन होग और ‘who’ relative
pronoun क antecedent I है तो इसके अनस ु र verb भी is की जगह
am होगी

So the correct sentence will be –

It is I who am your best friend.

3. There has been many rulers at this kingdom.
There has been many rulers at this kingdom.

Explanation – यह ाँ there एक introductory subject है और यह ाँ real

subject ‘many rulers ’ है इसीलिए has की जगह have लिखन होग ..

Note :- introductory subject में verb It वािे case में singular और there
वािे case में verb according to real subject use की जाती है

So the correct sentence will be –

There have been many rulers at this kingdom.

4. There were no difficulty in solving these questions.
There were no difficulty in solving these questions.

Explanation – यह ाँ there एक introductory subject है और यह ाँ real

subject ‘no difficulty ’ है इसीलिए were की जगह was लिखन होग ..

So the correct sentence will be –

There was no difficulty in solving these questions.

5. It was they who took you to hospital when you met with
that accident.
It was they who took you to hospital when you met
with that accident.

Explanation – यह sentence no error है...

Use objective case after these words:-
Between, with, besides, including, excluding, but,
like, unlike, together with, along with, as well as,
and not, in addition to, rather than, accompanied by,
no less then, nothing but, etc.

क्ोोंलक ये word/words preposition/prepositional phrase

है और इनके बाद objective case आता है …
Between you and I, Aman sir is very rude and arrogant.

Everybody except he was present at the party.

They have invited all of them but she to the party.

Between you and I, Aman sir is very rude and arrogant.
Explanation:- इस sentence में I की जगह me का use लकया जायेगा क्ोोंलक between
एक preposition है इसके बाद इसका object आयेगा I subjective case है और I का
objective case me होता है इसीलिए I की जगह me आयेगा...

Everybody except he was present at the party.

Explanation:- इस sentence में he की जगह him का use लकया जायेगा क्ोोंलक except
एक preposition है इसके बाद इसका object आयेगा He subjective case है और He का
objective case him होता है इसीलिए he की जगह him आयेगा...

They have invited all of them but she to the party.

Explanation:- इस sentence में She की जगह her का use लकया जायेगा क्ोोंलक but
यहााँ एक preposition है इसके बाद इसका object आयेगा she subjective case है और she
का objective case her होता है इसीलिए she की जगह her आयेगा...
All his brothers like he are very smart and intelligent.

Karan’s father will not let him and I go to Delhi.

All his brothers like he are very smart and intelligent.

Explanation:- इस sentence में he की जगह him का use लकया जायेगा क्ोोंलक like
यहााँ एक preposition है इसके बाद इसका object आयेगा he subjective case है और he
का objective case him होता है इसीलिए he की जगह him आयेगा...

Karan’s father will not let him and I go to Delhi.

Explanation:- यहााँ I की जगह me का use लकया जायेगा क्ोोंलक यहााँ let main verb है
और verb के बाद इसके object आते है ...

Note- let के बाद bare infinitive का use लकया जाता है ...

Note:- Use possessive cases of adjectives or nouns before
gerunds.
My father doesn’t like me going to cinema.

She does not mind us coming late in the class.

Shubham does not like Shilpa talking to Shulabh.

My father doesn’t like me going to cinema.

Explanation:- यहााँ me की जगह my का use लकया जायेगा...

She does not mind us coming late in the class.

Explanation:- यहााँ us की जगह our होगा....

Shubham does not like Shilpa talking to Shulabh.

Explanation:- यहााँ Shilpa की जगह Shilpa’s होगा....

We have never seen him behaving badly with anyone.

When we entered the room, we found him lying on the floor.

We have never seen him behaving badly with anyone.

Explanation:- यह sentence ‘no error’ है

When we entered the room, we found him lying on the floor.

Explanation:- यह sentence ‘no error’ है

Note:- Comparison same category में होता है subject का subject से
और object का object से

Karan is smarter than me so you should select him.

 Karan is smarter than me so you should select him.

Explanation:- यह ाँ me की जगह I क use होग क्ोोंकक subject क comparison हो रह

है इसीकिए than के ब द भी subjective case आयेग जह ाँ am verb already understood
हो ज येगी....
Simile:- as + adjective/adverb + as

Radhika is as nice/nicely as Roshni.

Radhika behaves as nice/nicely as Roshni.

Radhika behaves like she/her.

Radhika is as nice/nicely as Roshni.

Explanation:- यह ाँ nice क use होग …

Radhika behaves as nice/nicely as Roshni.

Explanation:- यह ाँ nicely क use होग ...

Radhika behaves like she/her.

Explanation:- यह ाँ her क use होग क्ोोंकक like यह ाँ preposition है ...

You are as good as him so don’t worry and deliver the speech.

Rajesh is not smart like him.

 You are as good as him so don’t worry and deliver the speech.

Explanation:- यह ाँ him की जगह he क use होग क्ोोंकक subject क

comparison हो रह है इसीकिए than के ब द भी subjective case आयेग
जह ाँ is verb already understood हो ज येगी....

Rajesh is not smart like him.

Explanation:- यह sentence ‘no error’ है क्ोोंकक like यह ाँ preposition है ..

Mohan trusts me more than he/him.
Mohan trusts me more than he/him.

Explanation:- यह ाँ he और him दोनोों सही है अगर he क use करे गे तो उसके ब द does

verb already understood हो ज येगी...
Ajay knows them better than I/me.
Ajay knows them better than I/me.

Explanation:- यह ाँ I और me दोनोों सही है अगर I क use करे गे तो I के ब द do verb

already understood है ...
Kunal trusts him more than I/me so he gave the bag

that had money to him and not me.

 Kunal trusts him more than I/me so he gave the bag that had money
to him and not me and not me.

Explanation:- यह ाँ I/me में से me क use होग क्ोोंकक sentence से ये ब त clear हो रही

है की यह ाँ object क comparison object से हो रह है ….
She can speak English more fluently than I/me.
She can speak English more fluently than I/me.

Explanation:- यह ाँ I होग , I के ब द do verb already understood है ...

He knows us more than you do/you.
 He knows us more than you do/you.

Explanation:-you क subjective और objective case same ही होत है यह ाँ

you(subjective case) और you (objective case) दोनोों क ही use हो सकत है अगर
you
(subjective) case क use करें गे तो हमे उसके किए do verb क use भी करन पड़े ग ...
She needs this seat more than you / you do because she is
carrying a baby.
➢Use reflexive pronoun after these verbs:-
absent, present , adapt, adjust, acquit, exert, apply, hurt,
prostrate, submit, resign, reconcile, introduce, avail, amuse,
enjoy, satisfy, avenge, pride, etc.
Mr. Gupta introduced to the VC of the company.
Mr. Gupta introduced to the VC of the company.

Explanation:- Explanation:- यह ाँ introduced के ब द himself (reflexive

pronoun) use ककय ज येग ...

So the correct sentence will be :-

Mr. Gupta introduced himself to the VC of the company.

Mr Gupta introduced his wife to his friends.
Mr Gupta introduced his wife to his friends.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

Mother Teressa applied to the service of humanity.
Mother Teressa applied to the service of humanity.

Explanation:- यह ाँ applied के ब द herself (reflexive pronoun) use ककय ज येग ..

So the correct sentence will be :-

Mother Teressa applied herself to the service of humanity.

Rohan applied for a job in Indian Railway.
Rohan applied for a job in Indian Railway.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

He was absent from my class.

You should not absent yourself from his classes.

He satisfied with the delicious food.
He satisfied with the delicious food.

Explanation:- यह ाँ satisfied के ब द himself (reflexive

pronoun) use ककय ज येग ...

So the correct sentence will be :-

He satisfied himself with the delicious food.

He was satisfied with the quality of the food.
He was satisfied with the quality of the food.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

All the people prostrated before the newly anointed king.
All the people prostrated before the newly anointed king.

Explanation:- यह ाँ prostrated के ब द themselves (reflexive

pronoun) use ककय ज येग ...

So the correct sentence will be :-

All the people prostrated themselves before the newly anointed king.
We enjoyed a lot at the party yesterday.
We enjoyed a lot at the party yesterday.

Explanation:- यह ाँ enjoyed के ब द ourselves (reflexive

pronoun) use ककय ज येग ...

So the correct sentence will be :-

We enjoyed ourselves a lot at the party yesterday.

➢Don’t use reflexive pronoun after these verbs:-
keep, remain, concentrate, stop, turn, qualify,
bathe, move, rest, hide etc.
They hid the stolen money under the mattress.

The sun hid itself behind the clouds.

They hid the stolen money under the mattress.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

The sun hid itself behind the clouds.

Explanation:- यह ाँ itself को हट न पड़े ग क्ोोंकक hid यह ाँ intransitive

verb है इसीकिए यह ाँ object की ज़रूरत नही है ...

She bathed her son properly and sent him to school.

He bathed himself quickly and went to office.

She bathed her son properly and sent him to school.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

He bathed himself quickly and went to office.

Explanation:- यह ाँ himself को हट न पड़े ग क्ोोंकक bathed यह ाँ

intransitive verb है इसीकिए यह ाँ object की ज़रूरत नही है ...
He remained himself calm during the interrogation.

I kept calm during the class.

I keep my wallet in my left pocket.

He remained himself calm during the interrogation.

Explanation:- यह ाँ himself को हट न पड़े ग क्ोोंकक remain यह ाँ linking verb है

इसीकिए यह ाँ object की ज़रूरत नही है ...
Linking verb:- Become , get , grow , turn, keep , remain,
look , seem , appear , feel, smell, taste, sound etc

He turned angry.
He turned quickly towards me.
This cake tastes bad.
Rohan tasted the cake.
He got old.
He got a letter.
 Note:- Don’t use possessive cases with these words- Leave,
separation, excuse, pardon, sight, favour, mention, leave, etc.

We told Anushka that Virat could not bear her separation.

I beg your pardon for all the mistakes that I made.

I would like to take your leave now as my wife is waiting for me.
We told Anushka that Virat could not bear her separation.
Explanation:- यह ाँ her separation की जगह separation from her होग ...

I beg your pardon for all the mistakes that I made.

Explanation:- यह ाँ your pardon की जगह pardon from/of you होग ...

I would like to take your leave now as my wife is waiting for me.
Explanation:- यह ाँ your leave की जगह leave of you होग ...
Leave (from):- official permission Leave (of) :- bye
Order of pronoun:- अगर ककसी sentence में 1 से ज्य द pronouns use
ककये ज रहे हो तो उनक order ये होग ….

➢ Normally sentence में pronouns क order 231( 2nd person , 3rd

person, 1st person ) होत है ….

➢ अगर pronoun plural form में use ककये ज ये य sentence में sorry, guilt,
responsible, punishment क sense हो तो pronoun क order 123 (1st
person, 2nd person , 3rd person, ) होत है …
I and you can solve all these questions within 20 minutes.

He, you and I are responsible for all these problems.

I and Sonali are best friends.

We and they should appreciate our team’s performance.

I and you can solve all these questions within 20 minutes.
Explanation:- इस sentence में I and you की जगह You and I होग ...

He, you and I are responsilbe for all these problems.

Explanation:- इस sentence में He, you and I की जगह I, you and he
होग ...

I and Sonali are best friends.

Explanation:- इस sentence में I and Sonali की जगह Sonali and I होग ...

We and they should appreciate our team’s performance.

Explanation:- यह sentence ‘no error’ है …
1.Proper adjective:- Proper nouns से बने हुए adjective proper adjectives होते है ..

Proper Noun Proper Adjective Common plural noun

France French (army) The+Adjective+noun (×)

Germany German (tanks) The rich

Spain Spanish (writers) The blind

Gandhi Gandhian (philosophy) The poor

Marx Marxist (economy) The weak

The French is the mother tongue of French.

Pondicherry was ruled by french even after independence.

Mr Verma has been learning the French for the last 6 months.
French is the mother tongue of the French.
Explanation:- इस sentence में The French की जगह French और French
की
जगह the French होगा.. Note :- जब ककसी proper adjective के पहले
definite article
‘the’ का use ककया जाता है तो वो पूरी community को show करता है , यहााँ the
french का
meaning का french people...

Pondicherry was ruled by the french even after independence.

Explanation:- इस sentence में French की जगह The French होगा, the
french का
meaning है french people..
The poor who live below the poverty line is often neglected
by the government.

The poor man who could not repay the loan was arrested.
The poor who live below the poverty line are often neglected by the
government.
Explanation:- यहााँ is की जगह are का use होगा क्ोोंकक इसका subject
‘the poor’ है
जो plural है इसीकलए verb भी plural आयेगी..
Note :- जब ककसी Qualitative adjective के पहले definite article ‘the’ का
use
ककया जाता है तो वो पूरी community को show करता है , यहााँ the poor का
meaning
का poor people...

The poor man who could not repay the loan was arrested..
Note:- An adverb can qualify a preposition, conjunction or whole
sentence.

They hit Rajesh just below his knee.

He was hit by a bike exactly when he picked her call.

Fortunately, he was not present there at the time of that accident.

2. Numeral Adjective:-

(a) Cardinals:- one, two, three….. / 1,2,3….

(b) Ordinals:- First, Second, Third….

Note:- Ordinals के पहले definite article ‘the’ का use ककया जाता है ...
I have solved the five first questions of this exercise.

You are 2nd person who will get this prestigious award.

This is my second century in this tournament.

He bought a big very house .
I have solved the first five questions of this exercise.
Explanation:- यहााँ the five first की जगह the first five का use होगा...

You are the 2nd person who will get this prestigious award.
Explanation:- यहााँ 2nd के पहले definite article ‘the’ का use ककया जायेगा...

This is my second century in this tournament.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...
 Adjectives Determiners

1. Gradable:- Can be Non-gradable:- Can’t be compared

compared
2. Adverbs can qualify them. Adverbs can’t qualify them.
3. Can act as complements Can’t act as complements

Eg:- Brave, Nice, Eg:- Articles,

Intelligent Possessive adjective, Demonstrative
adjective, Distributive adjective,
He is rich.

This car is my.

3.Possessive adjective:-

Mine dog is much stronger than yours.

Mine dog is much stronger than yours.

Explanation:- इस sentence में mine की जगह my होगा, क्ोोंकक dog पर

possession बनाने के कलए possessive adjective की ज़रूरत है और mine possessive
pronoun है ....
 4.Demonstrative adjective:- This/That/These/Those

This cattle belongs to Mr Yadav who is a well known person of

our village.

These news are baseless so you should not worry.

1.This cattle belongs to Mr Yadav who is a well known person
of our village.

Explanation:- इस sentence में cattle के पहले this का नही these का use होगा
और belongs की जगह belong का क्ोोंकक cattle plural noun है ...

2.These news are baseless so you should not worry.

Explanation:- इस sentence में these की जगह this होगा और are की जगह is का use
होगा क्ोोंकक news एक uncountable noun है …
5.Distributive adjective:- Each/Every/Either/Neither

Every of these students has qualified the exam.

Each boy who had not attended the workshop were fined.
1.Every of these students has qualified the exam.

Explanation:- इस sentence में every की जगह each का use होगा...

2. Each boy who had not attended the workshop were fined.

Explanation:- इस sentence में were की जगह was का use होगा..

➢ Little/ A little/ The little and Few/ A few / The few :-

➢Note:- Little/A little/The little का use uncountable nouns से साथ ककया जाता
है जबकक Few/ A few / The few का use countable nouns के साथ ककया
जाता है ..

➢ Note:- Little/Few का use sentence में negative meaning convey करने के लिए
ककया जाता है जबकक A Little/A Few का use sentence में positive
meaning convey करने के लिए ककया जाता है और The little/ The Few
का use whole quantity का meaning convey करने के लिए ककया जाता है ...
1. Aman feels very lonely as he has a few friends in Jaipur.

2. They stole a little money that he had saved for his

daughter’s marriage.

3. I don’t need more books as my brother has already given

me few ones.
Aman feels very lonely as he has few friends in Jaipur.
Explanation:- इस sentence में a few की जगह few का use होगा...

They stole the little money that he had saved for his daughter’s marriage.
Explanation:- इस sentence में a little की जगह the little का use होगा...

I don’t need more books as my brother has already given me a few ones.
Explanation:- इस sentence में few की जगह a few का use होगा...
 Quantitative Adjective:- Some v/s Any

➢ Some is used in positive sentences.

➢ Any is used in both negative and interrogative sentences.

Do you have some/any experience in the field of marketing ?

No, I don’t have some/any experience in the field of marketing.

Yes, I have some/any experience in the field of marketing.

Would you like to have some/any sweets ?

Would you lend me some/any money ?

I can quit some/any job if my company starts paying me Rs 5L/M.

I can do anything/something just to see a smile on her face.

If you have any/some problem you can tell me.

I can do something/anything for you.

Qualitative adjective:-

➢ Order of qualitative adjectives:-

Opinion, Size ,Age, Shape, Colour ,

Nationality/human emotions , Material

They bought a black, big, german, wooden chair.

She has long, very beautiful, straight hair.

We saw an anxious pale girl sitting on a bench.

Emphatic adjective:- Very/Same/Own

She is the very(a)/girl that snatched my(b)/wallet in the bus(c).

no error(d)

Mr Gupta came to our home in own car.

 She is the very girl that snatched my wallet in the bus.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ,

यह ाँ the very क meaning है the same (वही)....

Mr Gupta came our home in his own car.

Explanation:- यह ाँ own के पहले possessive adjective his भी आयेग

क्योंकक own
absolute adjective नहीों है , यह हमेश possessive adjective के स थ ही
आत है ...
So the correct sentence will be:-
Interrogative adjective:- Which, What, Whose etc.

Which song are you singing ?

Which is your favourite song ?

What plans have you made for your future ?

What are your plans for your future ?

Car’s tyre

The tyre of the car

Raman’s car

The car of Raman

They bought a car whose price was very high.

They broke into the house whose owner lives in Australia.

Whose books are lying on my table?

 They bought a car whose price was very high.

Explanation:- इस sentence में whose price की जगह the price of which

क
use ककय ज येग क्योंकक whose human being के कलए use ककय ज त है और
हमें यह ाँ car
क price पर possession बन न है but which से possesson नहीों बनत है
इसीकलए हमें
यह ाँ the price of which क use करन पड़े ग ....

So the correct sentence will be :-

Don’t use adverbs to qualify these adjectives- Impossible,
Universal, Eternal, Entire, chief, Ideal, Supreme, Perfect,
Excellent, Rectangular, Circular, Empty, Full, Dead, Free,
Unique etc.
My glass is completely full so don’t pour more wine in it.

This dress looks more excellent on you so you should buy it.

This task is more impossible and nobody can do it.

Amit is taller than Suresh , Ajay, Dhruv and Sunil.

Ajay is the tallest of all the boys in his class.

Ajay is taller than all other boy in his class.

Shruti is wiser than all the boys in her class.

Rajat is taller (a)/than any boy(b)/ in his class(c).no error (d)

Himani is wiser than any boy in her class.

Dara Singh was stronger than anybody in his whole village.

Rajat is taller than any other boy in his class.
Explanation:- इस sentence में any के बाद ‘other’ का use होगा क्योककिं comparison हमेशा 2 groups में होता है,
यहााँ ‘any boy in his class’ में Rajat भी included है इसीकिए हमे Rajat को exclude करना पड़ेगा....अगर
comparison same category में करना हो तो दोनों things का अिग अिग group बनाते है

Himani is wiser than any boy in her class.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है यहााँ Himani एक girl है और उसका
comparison class के सभी boys से हो रहा है इकसकिये वो already excluded है...
अगर हमें Himani का comparison class की िडककयों से करना होता तो हमें Himani
को group से exclude करना पड़ता
Eg. Himani is wiser than any other girl in her class.

Dara singh was stronger than anybody else in his whole village.
Explanation :- यहााँ Dara Singh का comparison उसके गााँव के सभी िोगों से
ककया जा रहा है so Dara singh को exclude करना पड़ेगा इसीकिए anybody के बाद
else का use करना होगा
The Nile is longer than any other river in the world.

The Nile is longer than any other river in India.

No game is more popular than Football.

The Nile is longer than any other river in the world.
Explanation:- यह sentence ‘no error’ है यहााँ Nile को any other का use करके
ु है....
already exclude ककया हआ

The Nile is longer than any river in India.

Explanation:- इस sentence में Nile का comparison india की सभी rivers से
ककया गया है so यहााँ Nile और india की rivers दोनों का already अिग अिग
group है इसीकिए sentence में other को हटाना पड़ेगा...

No other game is more popular than Football.

Explanation:- यहााँ No के बाद other का use करना पड़ेगा क्योंकक Football खदु भी
एक game है so इसे exclude करना पड़ेगा....
Amit is the tallest / of all other / members in his family.

All boys are boisterous.

All the boys of this class are very smart.

Use ‘to’ not ‘than’ after these adjectives:- Superior, Inferior,
Senior, Junior, Prior, Anterior, Posterior, Preferable etc

Mr Sharma is very senior than me so I respect him.

The quality of these pipes is superior than those ones.

Make a list of all the important events prior than the revolt
of 1857.
Mr Gupta is the oldest and experienced employee of
our company.

Ajay is taller and wise than Suresh.

Mohan is more intelligent and taller than Mohan

Mr Gupta is the oldest and most experienced employee of our company.

Explanation:- यहााँ experienced के पहिे most का use होगा...

Note:- अगर ककसी Conjunction से कोई 2 adjectives जड़ु े हो तो दोनों same degree
में किखे जाते है...
Ajay is wiser than brave so he won’t fight with those
hooligans.

Mahesh is more strong than Ajay so he should be selected

in the team.
Ajay is more wise than brave so he won’t fight with those hooligans.
Explanation:- यहााँ wiser की जगह more wise होगा...
Note:- अगर एक ही person की Qualities का comparison करना हो तो compare
more + adj वािे structure से करते है…

Mahesh is stronger than Ajay so he should be selected in the team.

Explanation:- इस sentence में more strong की जगह stronger होगा क्योंकक यहााँ
दो अिग अिग person है इसीकिए comparison ....er structure से करना पड़ेगा
Anjali is more beautiful than her younger sister.

Mohit is handsomer than Rohit.

Anjali is more beautiful than her younger sister.
Explanation:- यह sentence no error है.. क्योकक beautiful की degree ‘er’
वािे structure से नहीं बन सकती

Mohit is handsomer than Rohit.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है...
Handsome handsomer/more handsome handsomest/most handsome
My bike is more better than yours.

Rahul is the most strongest boy among them.

My bike is much/far better than yours.
Explanation:- यहााँ more की जगह much या far का use करना पड़ेगा क्योंकक ककसी
comparative degree की intensity बढ़ानी हो तो much/far का use ककया जाता है...

Rahul is much the/by far the strongest boy among them.

Explanation:- यहााँ the most strongest की जगह much the strongest या by far
the strongest का use करना पड़ेगा क्योंकक superlative degree की intensity much
या by far से बढ़ाते है...

Note:- superlative degree की intensity बढाने के किए use ककये जाने पर by far या
much का use definite article ‘the’ के पहिे ककया जाता है...
The price of this car is comparatively lower.

The temperature is relatively lower today

The temperature of Delhi is relatively higher than that of

Mumbai.
The price of this car is comparatively low.
Explanation:- यहााँ ‘lower’ की जगह low होगा क्योंकक Comparatively से already
comparison हो चक ु ा है इसीकिए adjective की positive degree आयेगी....

The temperature is relatively low today

Explanation:- यहााँ ‘lower’ की जगह low होगा क्योंकक Relatively से already
comparison हो चक
ु ा है इसीकिए adjective की positive degree आयेगी....

The temperature of Delhi is relatively high than that of Mumbai.

Explanation:- sab books me yhi dia hai so no choice
➢ Use positive degree adjectives with these adverbs :-
As, So, Very, Too, Enough etc. (×)

➢ These adverbs (As, So, Very, Too, Enough etc. )

are used to qualify positive degree adjectives so if
you find them in a sentence, check if a positive degree
is to be used or not according to the context
Rohan is so smarter that he can solve any question.

Yogesh is as better as Rajat so you can select him.

Mukesh is so wiser than Ajay so we should take help

from him.
He is enough old to travel alone to Delhi.

I can not buy this car as I do not have enough money.

He is enough old to travel alone to Delhi.

Explanation:- Use ‘enough’ after old because enough adverb is after

the positive degree adjective it qualifies.

I can not buy this car as I do not have enough money.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है .. यह ाँ enough adjective है

➢ Don’t use comparative degree with these words :-
Twice, Thrice, 2 times, 3 times, half etc.

This bag is twice costlier than that one.

Our house is half bigger than yours.

This bag is twice as costly as that one.

Explanation:- यह ाँ costlier than की जगह as costly as करन होग ...

Our house is half as big as yours.

Explanation:- यह ाँ bigger than की जगह as big as करन होग ...

Later(time) v/s Latter(position) :-

Generally, we make correction in the later part of the sentence.

The match was postponed to a latter/later date.

I liked the first half of the movie but the later one was boring.
 Further v/s Farther :-

➢ ‘Further’ क use ‘in addition to something’ के sense में ककय ज त है ...

➢ ‘Farther’ क use distance को refer करने के किए ककय ज त है ...

If you want to end this fight, please don’t argue farther.

My college is further than hers so I need a bike.

 Last v/s Latest :-
➢ ‘Last’ क use आखिरी को refer करने के किए ककय ज त है ....
➢ ‘Latest’ क use त ज तरीन(recent) को refer करने के किए ककय ज त है ...

I watch this news channel for the last news.

Of steel, iron and diamond, the latest is the hardest one.

 Nearest v/s Next :-
➢ ‘Nearest’ क use ‘नजदीक’ की चीज को refer करने के किए ककय ज त
है ....
➢ ‘Next’ क use ‘Sequence में अगिे ’ को refer करने के किए ककय ज त है ...

Which is the nearest/next mero station from your home ?

Which is the nearest/next station from here ?

Adv. of place can act as subject complement and odject:-

He is here.

He is at the station.

God is everywhere.

I shifted my office from here.

He went from there to lucknow.

 Far v/s A long way :-
➢ ‘Far’ क use distance को show करने के किए ककय ज त है िेककन
इसक use केवि negative और interrogative sentences में ककय ज त है ...
➢ ‘A long way’ क use भी distance को refer करने के किए ककय ज त है
िेककन इसक use positive sentences में ककय ज त है ...

My home is far from hers so I need a bike.

My home is not far from hers so I can deliver this gift.

Is your home far from here?

 Good v/s Well :-

➢ ‘Good’ एक adjective है , जो ककसी noun को qualify करत है जबकक well एक

adverb है जो ककसी action verb को qualify करत है दोनोों क meaning ही ‘अच्छ ’
होत है ..

Note:- जब well adjective होत है तो हमेश linking verb के ब द आत है तब इसक

meaning होत है ‘ स्वस्थ्य’
Rohan plays as good as Amit still nobody appreciates him.

Amit is as well as Ajay in my opinion.

I am well now.

Rohan as well as Shyam came here yesterday.

Rohan plays as well as Amit still nobody appreciates him.
Explanation:- यह ाँ as good as की जगह as well as होग क्ोोंकक यह play
verb को qualify करन है

Amit is as good as Ajay in my opinion so you can hire him also.

Explanation:- यह ाँ as well as की जगह as good as होग क्ोोंकक यह ाँ दो nouns को
compare करन है

I am well now and will start taking your classes from tomorrow.
Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

Rohan as well as Shyam came here yesterday.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है .. यह ाँ as well as एक prepositional
phrase है ...
1. You should stay away from bad mannered boys.

2. You should look after your ill parents.

3. I am ill so I can not attend the seminar.

You should stay away from ill mannered boys.
Explanation:- यह ाँ bad की जगह ill होग ...

You should look after your ailing parents.

Explanation:- यह ाँ ill की जगह ailing होग क्ोोंकक ill जब adjective होत
है तो
इसक use केवल linking verb के ब द ही ककय ज सकत है , इसीकलए हमें
यह ाँ इसी क
same meaning क दू सर adjective substitue करन होग ....

I am ill so I can not attend the seminar.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...
Those thieves ran away from the utmost gate of the building.

Rohan has a very extensible knowledge of this subject.

Concerned + Noun = Worried

Noun + Concerned = Related

The parents concerned of the child met the principal.

I don’t anything about this so you should meet the concerned officer.
Responsible + man = accountable man ( किम्मेद र व्यक्ति )

Man + responsible = Guilty man ( अपर धी )

Court should punish all responsible men so that all the

criminals get a good lesson.

One should try to be a man responsible.

Involved + cases = Complicated cases

Cases + involved = Related cases

Rajasthan police transferred all the cases involved to CBI.

Please, bring all the files of all involved cases with this case.
Opposite + men = Different persons in opinions.

Men + opposite = Men facing in opposite direction.

They can’t work together as they are completely people opposite.

Please, call the opposite man to you.

Solomon was a famous king./ for his justice.

Mr. Sharma is an honest man in his dealing.

He is a confident player of his success.

He bought a costly car from Delhi.

They killed the ferocious lion with a spear.

Please call the sitting boy behind you.

Some adjectives that are used only predicatively in a
sentence:- Ill, Well, Afraid, Glad, Awoke, Asleep, Ashamed,
Afloat, Ablaze, Alike, Alive, Alone , Fond etc
I saw many alive creatures in the sea when I did
scuba diving in Goa.

A glad person can’t think rationally.

He will not go there alone because he is a very afraid man.

 I saw many creatures in the sea which were alive when I did scuba diving in Goa.
Or I saw many living creatures in the sea when I did scuba diving in Goa.
Explanation:- Alive एक ऐस adjective है जो हमेश predicatively use होत है ,
इसीकलए इस
sentence को हमें इस तरह से कलखन होग कजस से Alive क use predicatively हो सके.

A person who is glad can’t think rationally.

Explanation:- Glad एक ऐस adjective है जो हमेश predicatively use होत है ,
इसीकलए इस
sentence को हमें इस तरह से कलखन होग कजस से glad क use predicatively हो सके.

He will not go there alone because he is very afraid.

Explanation:- afraid एक ऐस adjective है जो हमेश predicatively use होत है ,
इसीकलए इस sentence को हमें इस तरह से कलखन होग कजस से afraid क use
predicatively हो सके..
I found a five hundred rupees note on the road.

I need five hundred rupees for my school trip.

She is a six years old girl.

She is six years old.

It was a six hours long journey.

We travelled from Delhi to Jaipur in six hours.

Fall Fell Fallen Falling ( गिरना ) (Intransitive)

Fell Felled Felled Felling ( गिराना ) ( Transitive )

The woodcutter has fallen at least 20 trees so far.

Rohan felled from the stairs so we took him to hospital.

Fall Fell Fallen Falling ( गिरना ) (Intransitive)

Fell Felled Felled Felling ( गिराना ) ( Transitive )

He accidently fell the container that contained virus.

The glass of milk felled from her hands.

Rise Rose Risen Rising ( उठना/उिना ) (Intransitive)

Raise Raised Raised Raising ( उठाना/पालना ) ( Transitive )

Mr. Gupta raised from his seat to welcome his guests.

CFC gases are rising the temperature of the earth.

Rise Rose Risen Rising ( उठना/उिना ) (Intransitive)

Raise Raised Raised Raising ( उठाना/पालना ) ( Transitive )

He had some doubts but he didn’t rise any objection.

When I woke up, the sun had already raised.

The prices of everything ……….. in 2020 owing to Covid.

(a) rise (b) rose (c) raised (d) raise .
Lie Lay Lain Lying (लेटना,पड़े होना) intransitive
Lay Laid Laid Laying (लेटाना,रखना ) transitive
Lie Lied Lied Lying (झठ ू बोलना ) intransitive

She lay the child aside and laid on the sofa.

Lie the gun down and lay on the floor.

Lie Lay Lain Lying (लेटना,पड़े होना) intransitive
Lay Laid Laid Laying (लेटाना,रखना ) transitive
Lie Lied Lied Lying (झठ ू बोलना ) intransitive

Your book is laying on the table.

He lay no stress on the matter in the meeting.

He laid to me about his marriage.

Felling prices of properties are affecting the real estate market.

Real estate agents are falling the prices of properties on purpose.

Raising prices of petrol are affecting poor people.

Rising the prices of petrol before the election was not

a good decision of the government.

Lying the foundation of this building was most difficult

part of the construction.

Your book is laying on the table.

Hang Hung Hung Hanging ( टाांिना )

Hang Hanged Hanged Hanging ( फाांसी पर लटकाना )

He entered the room and hanged his shirt behind the door.

They hung the terrorist exactly at 10 am as per the orders of the court.
Discover:- किसी ऐसी चीज िा पता लगाना जो already exist िरती है ...

Invent:- किसी नई चीज िा आकिष्कार िरना..

Charles babbage discovered computer in 17th century.

Vasco De Gama invented India in 1498.

Find Found Found Finding ( पाना/पता लिाना )

Found Founded Founded Founding ( स्थापना करना/नीवां रखना)

Indian national congress was found by A.O. Hume in 1885.

I have founded the book that I lost last week.

These verbs have same V1/V2/V3 :- Wed, Cost, Set, Bet, Bid,
Thrust, Hit, Cut, Slit, Spread, Read, Burst, Quit, Shut, Shed, Rid, Cast,
Telecast, Broadcast, Overcast, Forecast, etc.

The news of the president’s death was broadcasted on AIR.

The balloon bursted as soon as he touched it.

They hitted him very hard on his back.

This pen writes well but it costed me Rs 100.

They thrusted him into a car and took him to a secret place .

They spreaded the news of his affair all over the village.

The whole town was over casted by the clouds.

Wind blowed her cap 2 meters away while she was driving.

The butcher slayed the little lamb mercilessly.

Water flew under the bridge silently.

Blow Blew Blown ( हवा का बहना/हवा के द्वारा ककसी चीज को उड़ाना )

Slay Slew Slain ( ककसी धारदार हकियार से काटना )

Fly Flew Flown ( उड़ना/उड़ाना )

Flow Flowed Flowed ( पानी का बहना )

I have written a letter to the police commissioner.

You read these written instruction carefully.

V1 V2 V3 Adj

Sink Sank Sunk Sunken

Shrink Shrank Shrunk Shrunken
Strike Struck Struck Stricken
Get Got Got Gotten
Melt Melted Melted Molten
Shave Shaved Shaved Shaven
Prove Proved Proved Proven
Shear Sheared Sheared Shorn
Drink Drank Drunk Drunk/Drunken
Load Loaded Loaded Loaded/laden
They found a sunk ship at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

The ship had already sunken when they came to help.

He lost the newly got shoes that he had gotten from his uncle.
It is an already proved fact and it was proven by JC Basu.

The thief had a shaven face and he was wearing glasses.

The grief struck man was stricken hard by raising prices.

These sheared sheep belong to Mr. Yadav .

They took the drunk man to nearby hospital .

He is very drunken so there is no point in talking to him now .

He has drunken 5 bottles of beer in last 30 minutes.

He had loaded/laden gun in his bag.

He is loaded/laden with a lot of responsibilities.

These trees are loaded/laden with apples.

The truck is loaded/laden vegetables.

English By Aman Vashishth Sir
Important verbs for exam

V1 V2 V3
o Arise (उगना) Arose Arisen
o Awake (उठना) Awoke Awaken
o Abuse (गाली देना) Abused Abused
o Add (जोड़ना) Added Added
o Admire (प्रशंसा करना) Admired Admired
o Advise (सलाह देना) Advised Advised
o Allow (अनुमति देना) Allowed Allowed
o Appoint (तनयुक्त करना) Appointed Appointed
o Appear (प्रकट होना) Appeared Appeared
o Arrive (पहुचना) Arrived Arrived
o Arrest (तगरफ्िार करना) Arrested Arrested
o Attack (आक्रमण करना) Attacked Attacked
o Bear (सहन करना) Bore Borne
o Become (होना) Became Become
o Begin (शरू
ु करना) Began Begun
o Bite (काटना) Bit Bitten
o Blow (फूँ क मारना) Blew Blown
o Bind (बाध
ं ना/बाध्य करना) Bound Bound
o Bid (अतिवादन करना) Bade Bidden
o Bid (बोली लगाना) Bid Bid
o Break (िोडना) Broke Broken
o Bark (िोंकना) Barked Barked
o Bathe (नहाना) Bathed Bathed

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Beg (तनवेदन करना) Begged Begged
o Believe (तवश्वास करना) Believed Believed
o Behave (व्यवहार करना) Behaved Behaved
o Bleed (खन बहना) Bled Bled
o Bring (लाना) Brought Brought
o Buy (खरीदना) Bought Bought
o Boil (उबालना) Boiled Boiled
o Boast (डींगे मारना) Boasted Boasted
o Borrow (उधार देना) Borrowed Borrowed
o Build (तनमााण करना) Built Built
o Burn (जलाना) Burnt Burnt
o Choose (चुनना) Chose Chosen
o Come (आना) Came Come
o Carry (ले जाना) Carried Carried
o Catch (पकड़ना) Caught Caught
o Clean (साफ़ करना) Cleaned Cleaned
o Close (बदं करना) Closed Closed
o Change (बदलना) Changed Changed
o Check (जांचना) Checked Checked
o Climb (चढ़ना) Climbed Climbed
o Clap (िाली बजाना) Clapped Clapped
o Copy (नक़ल करना) Copied Copied
o Collect (इकट्ठा करना) Collected Collected
o Complain (तशकायि करना) Complained Complained
o Cook (पकाना) Cooked Cooked
o Count (तगनना) Counted Counted
o Confuse (दुतवधा में पड़ना) Confused Confused

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Consult (सलाह लेना) Consulted Consulted
o Cover (ढकना) Covered Covered
o Crow (डींगे मारना) Crowed Crowed
o Creep (रेंगना) Crept Crept
o Cry (चीखना) Cried Cried
o Dig (गड्डा खोदना) Dug Dug
o Draw (रूप रेखा बनाना) Drew Drawn
o Drink (पीना) Drank Drunk/Drunken
o Drive (वाहन चलाना) Drove Driven
o Decorate (सजाना) Decorated Decorated
o Dance (नाचना) Danced Danced
o Deceive (धोखा देना) Deceived Deceived
o Defeat (हराना) Defeated Defeated
o Decide (तनश्चय करना) Decided Decided
o Desire (इच्छा करना) Desired Desired
o Discover (खोजना) Discovered Discovered
o Dip (डुबकी लगाना) Dipped Dipped
o Die (मरना) Died Died
o Divide (बाूँटना) Divided Divided
o Dream (सपने देखना) Dreamed Dreamed
o Dry (सखना) Dried Dried
o Drown (डबना) Drowned Drowned
o Dye (रंग करना) Dyed Dyed
o Eat (खाना) Ate Eaten
o Earn (कमाना) Earned Earned
o Enter (प्रवेश करना) Entered Entered
o Employ (तनयुक्त करना) Employed Employed

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Explain (व्याख्या करना) Explained Explained
o Fly (उड़ना) Flew Flown
o Forbid (मना करना) Forbade Forbidden
o Forget (िलना) Forgot Forgotten
o Freeze (जमना) Froze Frozen
o Face (सामना करना) Faced Faced
o Fail (असफल होना) Failed Failed
o Fear (डरना) Feared Feared
o Feed (खाना तखलाना) Fed Fed
o Feel (महसस करना) Felt Felt
o Flee (िागना) Fled Fled
o Fight (लड़ाई करना) Fought Fought
o Finish (समाप्त करना) Finished Finished
o Fine (जुमााना लगाना) Fined Fined
o Float (पानी पर िैरना) Floated Floated
o Get (प्राप्त करना) Got Got
o Give (देना) Gave Given
o Grind (तिसना/पीसना) Ground Ground
o Grow (बढ़ना) Grew Grown
o Graze (चरना) Grazed Grazed
o Gather (इकट्ठा करना) Gathered Gathered
o Hang (लटकाना) Hung Hung
o Hide (तछपाना) Hid Hidden
o Hold (पकड़ना) Held Held
o Hate (नफरि करना) Hated Hated
o Hang (फांसी लगाना) Hanged Hanged
o Hear (सुनना) Heard Heard

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Help (सहायिा करना) Helped Helped
o Improve (सुधारना) Improved Improved
o Invite (तनमंत्रण देना) Invited Invited
o Join (तमलाना) Joined Joined
o Jump (कदना) Jumped Jumped
o Know (जानना) Knew Known
o Keep (रखना) Kept Kept
o Knit (बुनना) Knitted Knitted
o Kneel (िुटने टे कना) Knelt Knelt
o Laugh (हूँसना) Laughed Laughed
o Learn (सीखना) Learned Learned
o Leave (छोड़ना) Left Left
o Lend (उधार देना) Lent Lent
o Lose (खोना) Lost Lost
o Listen (सुनना) Listened Listened
o Look (देखना) Looked Looked
o Lead (नेिृत्त्व करना) Led Led
o Marry (तववाह करना) Married Married
o Make (बनाना) Made Made
o Mean (मिलब होना) Meant Meant
o Meet (मल
ु ाकाि करना) Met Met
o Move (हटाना) Moved Moved
o Melt (तपिलना) Melted Melted/Molten
o Mend (सध
ु ारना) Mended Mended
o Mix (तमलाना) Mixed Mixed
o Nip (नष्ट करना) Nipped Nipped
o Obey (आज्ञा का पालन करना) Obeyed Obeyed

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Oppose (तवरोध करना) Opposed Opposed
o Pay (िुगिान करना) Paid Paid
o Praise (प्रशंशा करना) Praised Praised
o Preach (उपदेश देना) Preached Preached
o Peep (झांकना) Peeped Peeped
o Plant (पौधा लगाना) Planted Planted
o Pluck (िोडना) Plucked Plucked
o Prepare (िैयार करना) Prepared Prepared
o Pull (खींचना) Pulled Pulled
o Prevent (रोकना) Prevented Prevented
o Punish (सजा देना) Punished Punished
o Prove (सातबि करना) Proved Proved/Proven
o Plough (हल चलाना) Ploughed Ploughed
o Quarrel (झगडा करना) Quarreled Quarreled
o Rain (बरसाि होना) Rained Rained
o Reply (जवाब देना) Replied Replied
o Reach (पहुंचना) Reached Reached
o Rest (आराम करना) Rested Rested
o Resign (इस्िीफ़ा देना) Resigned Resigned
o Repair (सध
ु ारना) Repaired Repaired
o Remember (याद रखना) Remembered Remembered
o Return (लौटाना) Returned Returned
o Roar (दहाड़ना) Roared Roared
o Ride (सवारी देना) Rode Ridden
o See (देखना) Saw Seen
o Shake (तहलाना) Shook Shaken
o Shine (चमकना) Shone Shone

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Shoot (गोली मारना) Shot Shot
o Shrink (तसकुड़ना) Shrank Shrunk/Shrunken
o Sing (गाना) Sang Sung
o Sit (बैठना) Sat Sat
o Slay (काटना) Slew Slain
o Speak (बोलना) Spoke Spoken
o Spit (थकना) Spat Spat
o Stand (खड़ा होना) Stood Stood
o Steal (चुराना) Stole Stolen
o Stick (तचपकाना) Stuck Stuck
o Strike (हमला करना) Struck Struck
o Swear (कसम खाना) Swore Sworn
o Swim (िैरना) Swam Swum
o Swing (झलना) Swung Swung
o Say (कहना) Said Said
o Seek (िलाश करना) Sought Sought
o Sell (बेचना) Sold Sold
o Save (बचाना) Saved Saved
o Saw (आरी से काटना) Sawed Sawed
o Send (िेजना) Sent Sent
o Select (चुनना) Selected Selected
o Sleep (सोना) Slept Slept
o Stand (खड़ा होना) Stood Stood
o Stay (ठहरना) Stayed Stayed
o Spend (खचा करना) Spent Spent
o Stop (रोकना) Stopped Stopped
o Sweep (सफाई करना) Swept Swept

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
o Study (अध्धयन करना ) Studied Studied
o Slip (तफसलना) Slipped Slipped
o Talk (बाि करना) Talked Talked
o Tell (बिाना) Told Told
o Teach (तसखाना) Taught Taught
o Think (सोचना) Thought Thought
o Tie (बांधना) Tied Tied
o Touch (छना) Touched Touched
o Try (कोतशश करना) Tried Tried
o Take (लेना) Took Taken
o Tear (फाड़ना) Tore Torn
o Understand (समझना) Understood Understood
o Wake (जागना) Woke Woken
o Wear (पहनना) Wore Worn
o Win (जीिना) Won Won
o Withhold (रोकना) Withheld Withheld
o Write (तलखना) Wrote Written
o Weave (बुनना) Wove Woven
o Wring (तनचोड़ना) Wrung Wrung
o Weep (रोना) Wept Wept
o Wander (इधर उधर िमना) Wandered Wandered
o Waste (बबााद करना) Wasted Wasted
o Wed (तववाह करना) Wed/Wedded Wed/Wedded
Note- Both forms are correct but prefer ‘wed-wed-wed’ in exam.
o Worship (पजा करना) Worshipped Worshipped
o Wonder (आश्चया करना) Wondered Wondered
o Wrap (लपेटना) Wrapped Wrapped
o Yield (समपाण करना) Yielded Yielded

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir

Some Confusing Verbs

Bear (जन्म लेना) Bore Born

Bear (सहन करना) Bore Borne

Bid (अतिवादन करना ) Bade Bidden

Bid (बोली लगाना) Bid Bid

Fall (तगरना) Fell Fallen

Fell (तगराना) Felled Felled

Feel (महसस करना) Felt Felt

Fill (िरना) Filled Filled

Find (पाना/खोजना) Found Found

Found (नींव रखना) Founded Founded

Flow (बहना) Flowed Flowed

Fly (उड़ना) Flew Flown

Hang (लटकाना) Hung Hung

Hang (फांसी लगाना) Hanged Hanged

Lay (रखना) Laid Laid

Lie (पड़े रहना) Lay Lain

Lie (झठ बोलना) Lied Lied

Raise (उठाना) Raised Raised

Rise (उठना) Rose Risen

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English By Aman Vashishth Sir
Strike (हमला करना ) Struck Stricken

Stroke (छना/हटाना) Stroked Stroked

Wind (लपेटना) Wound Wound

Wound (चोट पहुूँचाना) Wounded Wounded

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Stative verbs:- No “ing form” ( Progressive form )

Think, Believe, Consider , Have, Own, Possess, Look,

Seem, Appear, Consist, Contain, Comprise, Feel, Smell,

Taste, Sound, Know, Resemble, Like, Love, Want, Agree,

Hate, Forgive, Forget, Remember, Depend, Exist etc.

The Hindus are considering the Ganga holy river.

Our boss is considering the proposal given by your boss.

Monika is thinking that she is the most beautiful girl in her class.

Monika is thinking about her ailing grandmother.

Mukesh Ambani is having 5 bungalows and 20 cars.

I’m having dinner so please call me later.

The cake is tasting very bad so you should not eat it.

Rohan is tasting the cake prepared by his wife.

This flower is smelling really great.

Rahul is smelling all the flowers of this garden.

I have been knowing Mr. Sharma for last 5 years.

Having a lot of money does not guarantee happiness.

Loving pet animals has been Rajesh’s hobby since childhood.

Hating others for your failure will not help you.

Don’t use ‘as’ after these verbs :- Make, Choose , Elect,
Select, Anoint , appoint ,Name, Call, Think, Consider etc.

They named their son as Sohan.

All the members elected Mr Gupta as their president.

His father made him as man of principles.

He thinks others as fools and always tries to demoralise others.

The Hindus consider the Ganga holy river.

I gave him a book.

She asked me a question.

They named their son Rohit.

They elected Mr Verma their president.

His coach made him the best player in the country.

He frequently comes here and read newspapers and magazines.

He has and will help us again so you should not worry.

They begun singing a song as soon as he entered the class.

I am watching and am enjoying the movie.

I am well and am resting at my home.

Sometimes, words can interpret in many different ways.

Rohan jumped the traffic light and fined for doing so..

He knows that the teacher will be punished him.

Auxiliary verbs:-

1. Primary verbs (MV/HV) :-

(a) Be forms
(b) Do forms
(c) Have forms

2. Modal verbs(HV):- Can , Could , May, Might, Will, Shall,

Would, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must, Need, Dare etc.
He ……..... play cricket.
Can:- Ability, Informal request, Negative possibility etc.

May:- Polite request, Both positive and negative possibility etc.

The news can/may be true. / This news can/may not be true.

We can’t be able to reach there on time.

This deal may likely/possibly solve all the problems between them.

If you ask him for help, he can/may help you.

1.I used to (a)/playing volleyball (b)/when I was in college.(c)/ne(d)

2.I don’t need a car as(a)/ I am used to travel in (b)/ the local trains.(c) /ne(d)

3.She became (a)/ used to go (b)/ there on foot.(c)/ne(d)

4.Water is used (a)/ to generate electricity (b)/ all over the world.(c)

5.Leather is (a)/ used to making (b)/ bags, belts and wallets.(c)/ne(d)

Used = Main verb (इस्तेमाल करना या ककया जाना)

He used my phone to call his girlfriend.

Your phone was used to blackmail her.

Milk is used to make various sweets.

This device is used to record air pressure.

Used to = Modal (Past habit)

I used to wake up at 5 am when I was in college.

My grandfather used to tell us a lot of stories when we were young .

Linking verb + Used(adj)(आदी होना) + to (fix preposition)

He is used to working alone in the office at night.

He was used to playing poker so he lost all his money.

They are used to watching Hollywood movies.

1.I used to (a)/playing volleyball (b)/when I was in college.(c)/ne(d)

2.I don’t need a car as(a)/ I am used to travel in (b)/ the local trains.(c)
/ne(d)

3.She became (a)/ used to go (b)/ there on foot.(c)/ne(d)

4.Water is used (a)/ to generate electricity (b)/ all over the world.(c)

5.Leather is (a)/ used to making (b)/ bags, belts and wallets.(c)/ne(d)

6.He used to……on the left side in India but now he has
become used to……on the right.

(a)Driving, Drive (b) Driving, Driving

(c)Drive, Driving (d) Drive, Drive
Could:- Polite request, Remote possibility, Past of ‘Can’ etc.

Might:- Less possibility, Past of ‘May’ etc.

Would:- Polite request, Past habit, Past of ‘Will’ etc.

Mohan’s father said to him, “ I have donated all my money”.

Mohan’s father told him that he had donated all his money.
1.He told me that he can solve all those questions.

2. He informed me that he may join Aman’s batch.

3. He told me that Ajay will teach us English.

4. He told me that he shall join Aman’s batch.

5. He asked me if he shall join Aman’s batch.

6. He told me that Salman Khan must be very rich.

7. He told us that he must go home urgently.

Although he worked hard, he didn’t qualify the exam.

a) he must not qualify the exam.

b) He shall not qualify the exam.
c) he couldn’t qualify the exam.
d) No improvement.
Would modal can also be used to show a habitual action of past.

He would/used to take care of us when our parents were out of

town.

He would/used to help me when I was in college.

Ought to:- Moral advice

Should:- General advice

Must:- Obligation, very high possibility

One…...respect one’s parents. (ought to/should/must)

One…...love one’s country. (ought to/should/must)

You......study hard for your exams. (ought to/should/must)

You…...obey traffic rules. (ought to/should/must)

You…..reach there on time otherwise he will fire you.

Mohan’s father…....be extremely rich as he always comes

to school in a Ferrari. (ought to/should/must)
Need/Dare:- Marginal auxiliary verbs

Modal:-

1. Need+not, Dare not

2. Wh word + need/dare + Sub + MV + ?

You need not to come tomorrow as I have already
submitted your form.

He dare not to speak anything his father.

They do not dare go there at night.

He needs buy some new clothes for the interview.

How dare he to take my books without my permission?

Note:- अगर कोई घटना past में हो चुकी है और उसके opposite
imagination करनी हो तो ‘Modal + have + Verb 3rd form’ का
use ककया जाता है

He should not quit his job.

He should not have quit his job.

You should call him.

You should have called him.

The rickshaw driver returned my wallet although

he could keep it.

I should bring some woolen clothes as it is bitterly cold

here and now I have to suffer.

If you had wanted to avoid this case, you should not

misbehave with her.

The child might have been saved if the policeman

had come on time.

अगर sentence interrogative हो और subject 1st person हो तो Shall का ही
use ककया जाएगा. ककसी भी official statement, legal statement, law या
court’s order के sense wale sentences के साथ Shall का use ककया जाता है ...

Will I help you, Sir ?

As per the court orders, the defendant will pay a fine of Rs 10,000.

I declare that I will be responsible for any discrepancy.

अगर sentence में promise,threat,determination या obligation का
sense हो तो 1st person के साथ will का और 2nd / 3rd person के साथ
shall का use ककया जाता है ..

You will/shall be rewarded by the King for this brave act.

It is sure that he will/shall succeed.

You will/shall be fired if you don’t complete this project on time.

➢These nouns are used as singular noun:- Bread,
Soap, Shampoo, Sand, Iron, Paper, Stone, Hair, Brick,
Food, Grass, Garbage, Filth, Scenery, Machinery,
Jewellery , Cutlery, Crockery, Stationery, Luggage,
Baggage, Money, Evidence, Equipment, Advice, Work,
Music, Information, Knowledge, Wealth, Business,
Research, Abuse, Percentage, Alphabet etc.
The sceneries of Kashmir are very beautiful and eye catching.

He had eaten only 2 bread before he went to office.

Indian farmers needs new and advanced agricultural machineries.

Mrs. Anjali gave me a very useful advice regarding my career.

She said that she had sent all the furnitures to Chennai .

This old building is made of special bricks and stones.

They have submitted some new evidences before the judge.

I am trying to teach him alphabets of English.

➢These nouns look plural but are singular:-
Physics, Mathematics, Economics, Politics,
Billiards, Darts, Athletics, Dominoes, Rickets,
Measles, Mumps, Diabetes, Rabies, Shingles,
Innings, News, Summons etc
These news are completely baseless so you should not worry.

Rickets are a curable disease if they are detected early.

Mathematics are a very difficult subject.

His mathematics is very weak so his teacher scolded him.

Diabetes have become a very common disease these days.

A great innings were played Virat Kohli in he last match.

Physics are a very interesting subject.

Many summons has been issued to A.K. so far.

Some nouns that are used as plural nouns:-
Scissors, tongs, Pliers, Pincers, Bellows, Trousers, Pants,
Pyjamas, shorts, Fangs, Spectacles, Glasses, Opticals,
Binoculars, Scales, Gallows, Fetters, Shackles,
Congratulations, Regards, Compliments, Thanks, Valuables,
Eatables, Belongings, Goods, Surroundings, Movables, Ashes,
Embers, Remains, Ruins, Proceedings, Clothes, Outskirts,
Arrears, Dues, Sweets, Alms, Riches, Archives, Earnings,
Savings, Proceeds, Odds etc.
I want to know whose spectacle is lying on my table.

The surrounding of New Delhi railway station is very filthy.

My earnings are not enough to afford higher study.

In ancient times, Gallow was used to execute the criminals.

This scissors doesn’t cut well as they are old and rusty.

Take all your belonging and leave my home right now.

I don’t have any saving account in SBI bank.

The data is now preserved in the BBC sound archive.

➢Some nouns that look singular but are plural:-

Cattle, Vermin, Police, Gentry, Peasantry, Children,

People, Poultry, Cavalry, Clergy, Infantry etc.

Vermin has destroyed atleast 10% production this year.

Childrens should be given emotional support by their parents.

These cattles belong to Mr. Yadav who is a well known person

of our village.

Police is responsible for maintaining peace and order in the

society.
➢Some nouns that have same singular and plural forms:-
Deer, Sheep, Fish, Species, Series, Aircraft, Vacation,
Offspring, Issue, Whereabouts, Headquarters,
Wages, Means, etc.
Lalu Prasad Yadav has 9 offsprings still he faces no problem
in providing facilities to them.

There are only two fishes left in the pond as all other died
owing to an unknown disease.

The whereabout of Osama were found by America.

His salary is not enough to support the education of his 9 issues.

Wages का meaning जब income/salary हो तो verb plural use करते है ...

Wages का meaning जब result/outcome हो तो sentence के context के

according verb singular और plural दोनोों use की जा सकती है ..

Means का meaning जब income/resources हो तो verb plural use करते है ...

Means का meaning जब channel/medium हो तो sentence के context के

according verb singular और plural दोनोों use की जा सकती है ..
His wages is low still he spends lavishly.

The wages of sin is death.

His mean is not enough to support such a large family.

The means of communication such as tv, radio etc

has become necessity of life.
Wage v/s Wages:-
Wage = Amount per hour/day/week.

Wages = Wage × no of hour/day/week.

Mean v/s Means:-

Mean(adj) = Selfish/Cruel, Radhika is a mean girl.

Mean(v) = Meaning, They mean to say that you are a fool.

Mean(n) = Average, The mean of 2 and 12 is 7.

➢ Compound nouns:-
Singular Plural
Brother in law - Brothers in law
Commander in chief - Commanders in chief
Step daughter - Step daughters
General manager - General managers
Book shelf - Book selves
Code of conduct - Codes of conduct
Officer in charge - Officers in charge
Maid servant - Maid servants
Singular Plural
Looker on - Lookers on
Passer by - Passers by
Bagful/Mouthful - Bagfuls / Mouthfuls
Man doctor - Men doctors
Woman teacher - Women teachers
Attorney general - Attorneys general
- Attorney generals
Some pens stand were lying there but none of them had any pen.

All the men teachers of the school were present in the meeting.

He invited all his brother in laws to the party.

Police interrogated all the looker ons about the accident.

Rajat ate bagsful of popcorn alone while he was watching a movie.

Singular Plural
Phenomenon - Phenomena
Criterion - Criteria
Medium - Media/Mediums
Stadium - Stadia/Stadiums
Bacterium - Bacteria
Cactus - Cacti
Syllabus - Syllabi
Radius - Radii
Singular Plural
Fungus - Fungi
Stratum - Strata
Focus - Foci/Focuses
Alumnus - Alumni
Alumna - Alumnae
Axis - Axes
Basis - Bases
Thesis - Theses
Crisis - Crises
Oasis - Oases
There was cactus everywhere in that area.

An ellipse has two focus while a circle has only one center.

Draw 2 circles with radiuses 2cms and 5cms respectively.

My brother is an alumni of IIT Delhi.

Collective nouns:-
Group of people- Crowd/Mob
Group of stars - Cluster/Constellation
Group of trees - Groove/Clump
Group of flowers – Garland/Bouquet
Group of Bees/flies- Swarm
Group of puppies- Litter
Group of directors- Board
Group of singers- Choir
Group of keys/grapes- Bunch
Group of cats- Clowder
Group of cards/wolves/hounds- Pack
Collective nouns:-
Group of carraiges/followers- Train
Group of bullets/shots - Volley
Group of students - Class
Group of servants – Retinue
Group of laws- Code
Group of sailors- Crew
Group of sheep- Herd
Group of merchants/travellers- Caravan
Group of mountains/hills- Range
Group of girls/women/officers- Bevy
Group of steps/stairs/birds- Flight
Collective nouns:-
Group of geese/sheep/birds- Flock
Group of robbers/criminals - Gang
Group of stones/ruins - Heap
Group of shoes/scissors – Pair
Group of corn/arrows- Sheaf
Religious group- Congregation
Group of horses/scouts/soldiers- Troop
Group of events- Series
Group of discussing people- Forum
Group of fish/whales- School
A group of angry people vandalized the whole town.

On the Republic day a group of flying aircraft shows stunts.

A group of cats was fighting at the end of street.

He is the head of the members of the working staff of the ship.

 noun and case
They work at a boys’s club located in south Delhi.

Kamal’s wife’s marks are the highest in her class.

Raman’s friend’s tone was very rude and sarcastic.

Sachin’s and Sehwag’s partnership is still a world record.

I went to John’s and Mary’s home but the couple was missing.

John’s and Mary’s house are on the opposite sides of the road.

Raman and his friends’s performance was outstanding in the last match.
He borrowed his brother’s in law car to go to Shimla.

The Guptas came to our party in their sons in law’s cars.

For your and your wife sake, find a job and stop wasting money.
Note:- Everybody, Everyone , Somebody , Someone , Nobody, one etc
ये कुछ ऐसे pronouns है जिनके साथ (’s) use जकया िा सकता है ...

You have put everybody’s life in danger by signing this deal.

You think that it is my responsibility but it is somebody else.

I don’t like the man’s nature sitting in the park.

I have read Shakespeare’s poems who was a well known poet.

This chair’s legs are not strong enough to handle my weight.

Rajat took a day’s leave from the office to attend the party.
Note:- कुछ fixed non living noun है जिनके साथ (’s) से possession बनाया िाता है ....

Personification:- Sun’s fury, Nature’s law, Fortune’s favourite,

Death’s icy hands, Country’s honour etc.

Dignified objects:- Court’s order, Duty’s call etc.

Celestial bodies:- Earth’s atmosphere, Sun’s axis etc.

To show time, weight, value, distance etc:- Ton’s weight,

2 meter’s gap, Razor’s edge, A pound’s worth etc.

Idioms:- At a stone’s throw, At one’s wit’s end, Nature’s call etc

Difference between some words:-

Fool(n):-
Foolish(adj):-

Skill:- Acquired through practice

Talent:- By birth

Middle:- Rectangle
Center:- Circle

Reason:- Deliberate action

Cause:- Happening
Rational(adj):-
Rationale(n):-

Moral(adj):-
Morale(n):-

Confident(adj):-
Confidant(n):-
Confidante(n):-

Envy(n):-
Jealousy(n):-
Personal(adj):-
Personnel(n):-

Remaining(adj):-
Rest(n):-

Optimistic(adj):-
Optimist(n):-

Dependent(adj):-
Dependant(n):-
Alumnus(n):-
Alumna(n):-

Verbal(adj):-
Oral(n):-

Space(n):-
Room(n):-
A cow was sitting in the center of the road so the road was blocked.

There is no space in this almirah to put your books.

The car is in wrong gears therefore it is producing a strange noise.

Please provide a rationale solution to this problem.

Mrs. Verma become envious when she saw her husband talking to Mrs
Shukla.

As he didn’t have any pen, I told him the address verbally.

Linking verbs:- Be forms, become, get, grow, feel, smell,
taste, sound, keep, remain, prove, look, seem, appear etc.
She behaved very arrogant at the party so he is angry with her.

She has become very arrogantly so I don’t talk to her anymore.

He turned very angry when he saw his wife with Ajay.

He turned very quick when his father called him.

This game is played indoor so it does not require costly infrastructure.

It is bitter cold outside so you should wear woolen clothes.

He got violently when they hit his younger brother.

He is some angry with you after the incident that happened yesterday.

The sun shone bright/ brightly that day as the sky was clear.

The sun looked bright/ brightly that day as the sky was clear.
Note:-

These words have same adjective and adverb forms :-

Fast, hard, late, straight, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly etc.
The fast bowler from Pakistan bowled really fastly.

Go straightly and form a straight line.

My grandfather reads an every day magazine everyday.

They hit him really hardly with a hard bat.

Position of adverb of manner

Intransitive verbs:- After the main verb

Transitive verbs:- After the object ( If object is small.)

Transitive verbs:- Before the main verb

(If object is a noun clause.)
Indian soldiers bravely fought against the enemies.

He answered honestly all the questions.

She explained clearly what she wanted to say about me.

Mr. Sharma very sweetly sings so everybody appreciates him.

These words are adjectives not adverbs :-

Godly, kingly, queenly, fatherly, motherly, brotherly, friendly,

manly, womanly, lively, cowardly, miserly, niggardly, deadly,
daily, monthly, weekly, yearly etc.
He faced all the challenges in his life manly.

He treats me brotherly so I like his company a lot.

A soldier must not act cowardly in any situation.

A miser man can’t live his life happily.

He faced all the challenges in his life manfully/ like a man/ in a manly
manner.

He treats me like a brother/in a brotherly manner so I like his

company a lot.

A soldier must not act like a coward/in a cowardly manner in any

situation.

A miserly man can’t live his life happily.

Position of adverbs of frequency:-

Indefinite adverb of frequency(often, seldom, always, rarely, never etc.)

Before main verb

Definite adverb of frequency(daily, weekly, monthly, yearly etc.):-

At the end of the sentence.

At both positions:- Regularly, frequently, occasionally etc.

My mother scolds often me for my petty mistakes.

Rajat comes never late in the class so all the teachers appreciate him.

They come here seldom so I don’t know much about them.

My mother daily goes to temple as she is a die-hard devotee of Shiva.

My brother goes regularly to a nearby gym.

Kunal beats this little boy often without any fault.

Devika differs with his brother seldom on any matter.

Mohit everyday comes to our home and asks stupid questions.

He decided to completely destroy his enemies.

(a) decided to his enemies completely.

(b) decided completely destroy his enemies.
(c) decided to destroy his enemies completely.
(d) No improvement.

She wanted to conceptually learn English so she joined Aman’s batch.

Sequence of adverbs of place, time and manner:-
If all three types of adverbs come together,
the order of them will be- MPT

Adverb of manner - Adverb of place - Adverb of time

Priyanka Chopra performed there very well yesterday.

She behaved at the party very arrogantly.

He came late at the party.

Some verbs don’t follow MPT rule.

(go, come, arrive, reach etc.)
Even/only/just/too ये कुछ ऐसी adverbs/adjectives है
जो जजस भी noun/pronoun/adjective/adverb को
qualify करती है उसके ठीक पहले use की जाती है ..

Only my sister gave money to me.

My only sister gave money to me.
My sister only gave money to me.
My sister gave only money to me.
My sister gave money only to me.
He has only eaten 2 slices of bread and nothing else.

A mouse can even help a lion.

My only sister gave money to me so my brothers got angry.

Rahul can even solve these questions so why can’t you ?

➢ SELDOM IF EVER :- (+tive , meaning sometimes)

➢ SELDOM OR NEVER:- (-tive , meaning almost never)

➢ LITTLE IF ANYTHING :- (+ tive , meaning = a little)

➢ LITTLE OR NOTHING:- (-tive , meaning = little)

We seldom or never help our friends even if they are guilty.

Being an excellent teacher , Mr. Gupta seldom if ever makes mistakes.

Despite being a teacher, Mr. Gupta seldom if ever makes mistakes.

He knows little or anything about science still he shows off a lot.

To get this job he should know atleast little or nothing about cars
TOO MUCH (adj.) MUCH TOO (adv.) ONLY TOO (very) NONE TOO(not very)

Freedom fighters suffered much too pain for the freedom of our country.

The news of his grandfather's death was too much painful for him.

He was none too happy to meet her sister so he organised a party.

You are only too rich to buy this car so don’t waste our time.
➢ BEFORE(adv., prep., conj.):-Generally used with perfect tenses

➢ AGO (adv.) :- Generally used with past indefinite tense

➢ STILL :-It is used with continuous tenses. It is placed

before the verb (except linking verbs)

➢ YET-It is used in negative sentences. Generally it is used

with pr. prf. tense. It is placed after the verb(Itv.)or object(tv).
I visited Manali with my wife and children 2 years before.

I have seen you ago also with your brother.

I have not received the parcel still so I should call the courier company.

The baby is yet crying so I think that you should take it out.
➢ LATE :- It can act as adjective and adverb.

➢ LATELY(recently):- it can act as adv only

➢ TOO :- (more than what is required).It is used

to qualify negative adjectives.

➢ VERY:- It can be used to qualify both positive

and negative adjectives
I have visited Manali late so let’s go somewhere else.

He came very lately so the teacher scolded him.

The water of the Ganga is too pure.

My grandfather is very weak to climb the stairs alone.

My grandfather is very weak that he can’t climb the stairs alone.

➢ VERY :- It is used with positive degrees of adj/adv . Generally it
qualifies present participles. It can't qualify a verb

➢ MUCH:- It is used with comparative degrees of adj/adv. Generally it

qualifies past participles. It can qualify a verb
Ajay is very stronger than Sumit so he should be sent fight with Rohan.

Rohan is a much brave soldier and everybody is proud of him.

He talks very but does nothing so I don’t like him.

The very awaited scheme of the government was launched yesterday.

The movie was much interesting so I watched it 3 times.

I am very tired so I going to bed.

➢ AT FIRST :- (Contradiction)

➢ FIRST/ FIRSTLY/FIRST OF ALL :- (Sequence)

➢ NEAR :- (adj, adv., prep.)

➢ NEARLY :- ADV ( approximately)

➢ AT PRESENT:- Now

➢ PRESENTLY :- Very soon.

Rajesh has sold near 1000 books so far.

You should rent a house nearly your office.

I am teaching you types of adverbs presently.

At first boil eggs and then fry them in a pan.

First I thought that the question was easy but It was a difficult one.
➢ HARD:- It can act as adjective and adverb both, when used
as an adverb it is used after the verb

➢ HARDLY:- it can act only as an adverb.

➢ LOUD (adj.) v/s LOUDLY (adv.) v/s. ALOUD (adv.)

➢ ESPECIALLY:- (particularly)

➢ SPECIALLY :- (in a special manner.)

They were singing in a very loudly voice so they got scolded by her.

The teacher asked him to speak loudly so that everybody could hear him.

Sunil hit Ramesh very hardly with a hard bat.

Devika hardly studied so she topped her class.

They brought an especially baked cake for me on my birthday.

I bought this watch specially for you.

➢ IN TIME:- (Before the scheduled time)

➢ ON TIME :- (at scheduled time)

➢ WITHIN + TIME:- (on or before time with compulsion duration)

➢ BY + TIME:- (on or before time with compulsion point of time)

 The exam will start in time/on time so you should reach there
in time/on time so that you get time to relax before your exam.

I will return your notes within/by Sunday.

I will return your notes within/by 3 days.

I will return your notes on/by Sunday.

Inversion:- Verb subject से पहले हो फिर भीsentence interrogative ना हो

On the hill was sleeping a lonely boy.

A lonely boy was sleeping on the hill.

Types of inversion:-

Partial inversion:- When only helping verb is used before the subject.

Complete inversion :- When main verb is used before the subject. If a

sentence starts with ‘adverb of place’, complete inversion is used.
Inversion is used with these adverbs (adverb of frequency):-
Seldom, Never, Hardly, Scarcely, Rarely, No sooner etc.

Seldom I have seen such a beautiful girl.

Hardly he goes to school so his father often scolds him.

No sooner the thief saw the policeman than he started running.

अगर sentence की शुरुआत Only + time / Adverb of manner से हो रही हो
तो भी inversion का use फकया जायेगा..Eg. :- Only yesterday, Only then,
Only the day before yesterday, Only after a month, Only after a month,
Only after a year, Only in this way, Only by working hard, etc.

Only by working hard, he has got the success in his life.

Only yesterday, his father won a lottery.

Only with this method, you can solve this question.

Note:- अगर sentence की शुरुआत At no time,
Under no circumstance, In no way, On no account,
On no condition से हो रही हो तो भी inversion का use होगा..

Under no circumstance, I will accept your offer.

At no time, the president was aware of all the activities.

अगर sentence की शुरुआत Adverb of place (Eg.-On the hill, In the
valley, Round the corner, Under the table, Outside the gate, Along the
northern/southern frontier, Ten miles beyond the school, Under the
tree, On the bed, Nowhere else, Away, Here, There, Out, Up, Indoors,
Outdoors, etc. से हो तो complete inversion होगा….

Note:- अगर इस case में subject कोई pronoun हो तो inversion का

use नहीीं होगा..
Round the corner, Rahul went.

Under the tree, an old man was sleeping.

Here Kohli goes and nobody can save us now.

Away goes she like a shining star.

Beyond the tall buildings were located a beautiful city.

अगर ककसी sentence के शुरुआत में So + Adverb of manner हो
तो भी inversion का use होता है ..

So fast he ran that nobody could catch him.

So rudely she behaves that nobody wants to work with her.

अगर sentence की शरु ु आत To such an extent, To such lengths,
To such a part, To such a degree, To such a level, etc. से हो तो
inversion का use होगा..
अगर sentence की शुरुआत Not only से हो तो inversion का use होगा..

To such an extent, he has studied grammar that he can answer any

questions of yours.

To such a degree, he irritated me that I had to slap him.

Not only she can write well but also read well.
Positive statement :- SO+HV+SUB
Negative statement :- NEITHER/NOR+HV+SUB.

Kunal did not attend the seminar,……I.

Mahesh has completed the task,…..Rohan.

Raghini has never visited Manali,……her husband.

Mukesh will take part in the competition….I.

Open the door

If he were a bird, He would fly to Switzerland

The boss wants that everybody comes on time.
Present subjunctive mood:- इसका use ‘indirect suggestion, prayer,
advice, request, demand , necessity’ को show करने के फलए फकया जाता है
Note :- Generally, Present subjunctive is used with these types of
structural sentences.
It is imperative that…......
It is suggested that…….
It is advised that…….
It is demanded that…..
It is essential that……
It is necessary that…..
It is required that…..
If we want to complete this project on time, it is necessary
that everyone does his work efficiently.

It is mandatory that your son comes in school uniform.

It is suggested that all the students revised the notes.

I want that she talks to me in a decent manner

The doctor advised that I took rest at home.

It is imperative that your passport carries your photograph.

All the workers demanded that the corrupt manager was suspended.

Her mother prayed that she is restored to life.

They proposed that a flyover is built here.

Indefinite article:- A, An ( Weaker form of ‘one’ and sometimes ‘all’)

Definite article :- The (Weaker form of this, that, these, those )

Once there was ----(1)king. ---(2)king had ----(3)beautiful wife.

She bought----(4)blue parrot.

A teacher must be well qualified.

A son should always respect his parents.

Mohan prefers a bike to a scooty.

I need only a hundred rupees.

Over a thousand students were present at the seminar.

He took a paper and wrote something on it about me.

You must send him SMS immediately as he must be worried about you.

My uncle is an SEBI employee so we easily got the required documents.

My father is a SBI employee so we didn’t have to stand in lines for cash.

They studied at an university in California

He lodged a FIR against Rajat when he refused to return his money.

He found an one rupee coin on the road.

We stayed in Delhi for an year and then shifted to Mumbai

Some words starting with a vowel but having a consonant sound:

Unit, unique, utopia, universal, uniform, useful, union, university,

European, eulogy, one etc

Some words starting with a consonant but having a vowel sound:

Hour, heir, heiress, honest, honor, honorary, SMS, RTI, MNC, LLB,
(Words starting with F, H, L, M, N, S, R, X)
If a proper noun is used as a common noun, article can be used for it.

He is very afraid of his father because his father is Hitler.

Don’t try to jump over this wall, you will get hurt. You are
not akshay kumar.

Samudragupta is known as Napoleon of India because he had

the biggest empire.
Use ‘THE’ article with:
Musical instruments, parts of body, geographical locations,
physical position, celestial bodies, group of islands, seas,
oceans, rivers, gulfs, mountain ranges, forests, political parties,
newspapers, hotels, trains, ships, trophies, magazines,
historical events, holy books, famous buildings, designations,
dynasties, families in plural, countries in plural, people(when
preceded by an adjective), directions, communities etc
Group of islands: Bahamas, Newzeland , Philippines, west
indies, Countries: USA, UK, UAE, USSR, Great Britain, Irish
kingdom, Republic of china etc
Hari Prasad Chaurasia played a flute at the Republic day ceremony.

He bought a flute from his uncle’s shop and went home happily.

Equator divides the earth into two equal parts.

Sharmas have been living with us in the city for 10 years.

She lives in USA with her aunt and uncle.

Mr. Gupta is president of our society.

The coach patted Rahul on the/his back.

Rohan turned the/his head towards the girl.

The thieves hit him on the/his nose.

Monu hit me with the/his leg.

If a common noun is used as an abstract noun, precede it by article ‘the’.

The judge in him prevailed upon friend and he gave the decision
against Jumman.

Cricketer in him was not able to control himself and he ran towards
the field as soon as his parents gifted him a new bat.

A devil in him awoke when he saw his wife with Mr. Shukla.
He tore cover of my book so I complained against him.

We are trying to find cause of his death through autopsy.

New Delhi is a/the capital of India.

New Delhi is a/the famous city of India.

‘The’ + Comparative degree
➢ Gradual increase/decrease के case में article ‘the’ का use ककया जाता है ..
➢ Selection के case में भी definite article ‘the’ का use ककया जाता है ..

Which is longer river, The Ganga or the Yamuna?

Rajesh is better of the two candidates that came today for the interview.

The higher you go, cooler it is.

अगर ककसी common noun का use generalised way में ककया जाता है तो
उसके साथ definite article ‘the’ का use नहीीं ककया जाता...

The friend in need is a friend indeed.

The teacher must be well qualified for his job and honest.

I met a doctor who performed the heart transplant of my grandmother.

अगर ककसी Plural noun का use generalised way में ककया जाता है तो
उसके साथ article का use नहीीं ककया जाता...

The trees use carbon dioxide and sunlight to prepare their food.

The trees in this garden are very tall and strong.

The boys are generally boisterous during young age.

अगर ककसी uncountable nouns का use generalised way में ककया जाता है तो
उसके साथ article का use नहीीं ककया जाता...

Despite several hardships he didn’t leave the path of the honesty.

Everybody appreciated the honesty shown by that auto rickshaw driver.

The beauty lies in the eyes of beholder

The gold is a very costly metal so it can’t be used for electrical circuits.

Gold of Karnatka is very famous for its purity and luster.

 Type of + Article(×) + Noun
Kind of + Article(×) + Noun
Sort of + Article(×) + Noun

Have you ever seen such kind of a book before?

What kind of a man you are if you can’t look after even your parents?
अगर man का use पूरी mankind (मानवजाकत) को refer करने के किए
ककया गया हो तो इनके आगे कोई भी article का use नही ककया जाता है ...

Nature has blessed a man with the ability to speak.

अगर दो या दो noun ककसी एक ही person की quality को refer कर रहे

हो तो कसर्फ पहिे वािे के साथ ही article का use होता है ...

Kalam , an early riser and a nature lover goes for a morning walk daily.

R.N. Tagore was a famous poet and an eminent author.

Don’t use any article with these places (when these are used for
their primary purpose) School, university, college, hospital, church,
temple, jail, prison, market, bed etc.

Students should go to the school every day.

Please don’t waste time and take him to the hospital.

I met her at the hospital 2years ago.

Don’t use any article with the names of:
Games, days, months, colours, seasons, festivals, subjects,
languages, cities, continents, lakes, diseases,meals etc

The football is the most popular game in the world.

Usually I don’t have the breakfast before 10am.

I didn’t like breakfast prepared by my girlfriend yesterday.

#When a sentence starts with adverb of place complete inversion is used

Along the northern frontier of India is located the mighty Himalayas.

Among those dangerous criminals were sitting a terrified girl.

#Use objective case of pronouns after:-Between, with, along with, but
together with, including, excluding, except, like, unlike, followed by,
accompanied by, in addition to, besides, and not, but not,, as well as, etc.

Rahul like his brothers have joined Army.

The chief minister along with all the cabinet members are shouting.

The queen accompanied by her maids are playing in the garden.

# When a proper noun is used as a subject singular verb is used

3 idiots have conveyed a very strong message to the society.

Billiards have become very famous among the youngsters.

The physics of this airplane is not right so it is not flying.

#Each + of +noun(plural) + verb (singular)
#Each + noun(singular) + verb (singular)
#Each/Every+noun(sing)+and+Each/Every+noun(sing)+verb(sing)

Each of the teacher in this college are well educated.

Each boy in these classes respect the principal a lot.

Each boy and girl have been invited to the party.

Each boy and each girl have been invited to the party.
#One + of + noun (plural) + verb (singular)
#The +adj (subject) + verb (singular)

One of the buildings in our society were demolished by JDA.

Aman sir is one of the best teacher in India.

The blind lives a very difficult life.

No bird and animal are able to live without water.

#Complementary qualities/things/food items take singular verb

Slow and steady win the race.

Time and tide waits for none.

Bread and butter are my favourite breakfast.

Bread and butter is not sold here so you try somewhere else.
#Article + noun and article + noun = different people
#Article + noun and noun = same person

The actor and the (a)/singer has completed (b)/their project.(c)/ne(d)

The actor and the (a)/singer has returned (b)/form his tour.(c)/ne(d)

The actor and the (a)/singer has signed (b)/a deal with T-Series.(c)/ne(d)
#Use singular verb when gerunds of Infinitives are used as subjects

Writing poems are not an easy task so don’t discourage her.

To blame others for her mistakes have been Shivani’s habit.

#Use verb according to the real subject and not according to
the case in apposition.

I, Mohan Kumar, is responsible for all these problems.

You, Ajay Verma, has been selected by us for this post.

#Half/Most/Some/All/50%/One fourth/Plenty of/A lot/Lots + of-

1. Noun (countable plural ) + Verb (plural)

2. Noun ( countable singular ) + Verb (singular)

3. Noun (uncountable) + Verb (singular)

Note :- 1/4 = one fourth, 1/5 = one fifth

:- 2/5 = two fifths, 3/4 = three fourths

Half of the class is/are absent today.

Half of the students is/are absent today.

Half of the milk is/are used to make cheese.

20% of the sugar has/have been sold so far.

50% of the students has/have cleared the exam.

#Either…or / Neither….nor / Not only…but also के बाद verb,
verb के पास वाले subject के अनुसार आती है ..

Either Ram or his friends has broken all these chairs.

Not only Anita but also her parents knows me very well.
#Nobody/No one but + Noun (real doer/subject)

Nobody but Ajay and Sunil has/have won the competition

No one else but those comely women has/have played a prank on you.

#Nothing but + noun + verb (singular)

Nothing but books were distributed to the winners.

#Many + Noun(plural) + Verb (plural)
#Many a + Noun(singular) + Verb (singular)
#A great/good many + Noun(plural) + Verb (plural)

Many students has complained against Aman to the VC.

Many a students were present at the seminar.

A good many leader has been arrested by CBI.

A great many terrorist has been killed by Indian Army.

Many great leaders have sacrificed their lives for our freedom.
# More than one + Noun(singular) + Verb (singular)
# More +Noun(plural)+ than one + Verb (plural)
# A certain + Noun(singular) + Verb (singular)
# Certain + Noun(plural) + Verb(plural)

More than one trees release O2 even at night.

More trees than one releases O2 even at night.

A certain boy(a)/ have broken all (b)/these windows.(c)/ne (d)

Certain boys (a)/ has broken (b)/ all these windows.(c)/ne (d)
#A number of + Noun(plural) + Verb(plural)
#The number of + Noun(plural) + Verb(singular)
#A percentage of + Noun(plural) + Verb(plural)
#The percentage of + Noun(plural) + Verb(singular)

A number of trees has been cut by him so far.

The number of trees in this area are very less.

A high percentage of students studies online these days.

The percentage of students studying online are increasing day by day

# A variety of (several)+ Noun(plural) + Verb(plural)

# A variety of (type) + Noun/Verb(acc. to meaning-sing/plural)

A variety of books was/were available at the trade fair.

A new variety of frog has/have been discovered by the scientists.

# None + of + Noun(plural) +Verb(singular)
# None + of + Noun(plural) +Verb(sing/plural)[if there is hint of plural]

None of his friends was/were present at his funeral.

None of those policemen was/were present at their assigned spot.

# Collective noun + Verb(singular)
# Collective noun + Verb(plural) [if there is hint of plural]

The team has/have played really well in the last match.

The team is/are requested to take their seats.

The jury has/have given its/their decision unanimously.

The jury was/were divided in its/their opinion

He has had lunch with the CM of Haryana.

He is a doctor.

He has a very big house.

a) Present Indefinite
b) Present perfect
c) Present continuous
d) Past perfect
Tense:- It is a form of verb which represents
a particular point of time.

Ram goes to school.

Ram went to school.

Ram will go to school.

 Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous
Present V1 or Is/am/are+ Has/have + Has/have+
Do/does+V1 V1+ing V3 been+V1+ing

Past V2 or Did + Was/were + Had + Had + been +

V1 V1 + ing V3 V1 + ing

Future Will/Shall + Will/shall + be Will/shall+ Will/shall+have+

V1 + V1 +ing have+V3 been+V1+ing
Monika has parked her car in front of our gate.

Devesh was driving the car extremely fast.

Mukesh works at IBM.

Kunal has been singing the same song since morning.

He was playing cricket when his father came home.

Rahul had completed the task before his father called him.

Rajat will take part in this competition.

Anika will have solved all these questions by the time you come back.
Aman is a teacher.

They were extremely rich.

Rohan has a very beautiful wife.

Mukesh had a big house in 2012.

Radhika did the whole task alone.

Mohan does the same task every day.

Mukesh has had lunch with the CM of Rajasthan.
Mukesh has had lunch with the CM of Rajasthan.

Radhika had had dinner before her father called her.

Anjali will have had breakfast by the time her school bus comes.

I have already had dinner so I won’t eat anything now.

All these letters were sent by Rajesh.
They will be punished by their parents.

Mukesh has been arrested near the Railway Station.

Mohan says that he can solve all those questions.

Rajesh asked me if I could solve all those questions.

My mother …..... to temple.

a) Goes
b) Went
c) Has gone
d) Will go
Present indefinite tense:-

➢ इस tense का use ‘permanent actions या ककसी person की habitual

actions, Scientific facts, Universal truth, Proverbs, Headlines of
newspaper etc.’ को refer करने के किए ककया जाता है ...

➢ These adverbs of frequency represent habitual actions- Always,

Often, Daily, Every day, Regularly, Frequently, Occasionally,
Seldom, Never etc.
My mother has often scolded me for my petty mistakes.

Rohan has gone to gym regularly so he is very fit.

An empty vessel has sounded much.

A rolling stone is gathering no moss.

A bad workman was quarrelling with his tools.

Trees prepared food with the help of CO2 and sunlight.

If you heat water, it will change into vapours.

Mohan teaches at a private school in Delhi.

 Present continuous:-

➢ इस tense का use ‘temporary actions या कोई काम जो present

में continue है ’ उसे refer करने के किए ककया जाता है ..

➢ Use present continuous tense with these words- At this time,

At this moment, At present, Currently,These days, Right now etc.
My father works/is working at IBM.

Rohan works on a new project these days.

Mukesh has taught us English at present.

She prepares food right now so call her later.

This box is containing the sweets prepared by my mother.

They are always playing loud music that is why I don’t like them.
They are always playing loud music that is why I don’t like them.

Explanation:- यह sentence no error है ...

Note:- अगर ककसी person की habitual action से ककसी को irritation होती

है तो उस case में उस habitual action को always के साथ present
continuous tense में use ककया जाता है ...
Present perfect tense:-

➢ Present perfect tense तब use किया जाता है जब िोई action past

में ख़त्म हो गया है और उसिा result present िो affect िर रहा हो...

➢ Present perfect tense तब use किया जाता है जब sentence में या तो

action या time ख़त्म होने िा sense हो,,,

➢ Use present perfect tense with these adverbs :-

Yet, So far, Already, Just, just now, lately, recently, of late etc.
I completed the task.

I have completed the task.

I visited Manali.

I have visited Manali.

She didn’t come.

She hasn’t come yet.

I did not receive the parcel yet.

They completed only three fourths of the work so far.

I already called him so there is no need to call him again.

We returned from our trip recently.

Past indefinite tense:-

➢ Use past indefinite tense with these adverbs –

Yesterday, ago, in past, last day/Sunday/week/year etc.

I have visited Manali with my wife and children 2 years ago.

We have not used technology this much in past.

Those ideas and ideals have shaped our economic thoughts in past.

The ice cream seller wore a red tie and a black hat every day.
Past continuous tense:- When two actions of past are joined with
‘when’ or ‘while’, write the longer duration action(background action) in
past continuous and the other one in past indefinite.

While (duration of time):- इसिा use किसी action िे duration िो

show िरने िे किए किया जाता है , इसीकिए जब while िा use होता है तब action
continuous form में होगा...

When (point of time and duration of time):- इसिा use किसी action
िे point और duration दोनोों िो show िरने िे किए किया जाता है , इसीकिए इसिे
साथ past continuous और past indefinite दोनोों use किये जा सिते है ..
When I walked in the park, I saw a snake.

Somebody slapped him while he watched a movie.

A truck hit him while he crossed the road.

I was studying when my mother was preparing food for me.

I returned his book when he came to my home.

Past perfect tense(past of past):- इसिा use तब किया जाता है
जब past िे किन्ीों 2 actions िा comparison िरना हो..

Past perfect + Before + Past indefinite

Past indefinite + After + Past perfect

Kareena reached the station before the train left.

Amitabh Bachchan brought the medicines before his old mother died.

The thieves ran away after the policeman came.

The patient had died after the doctor came.

When Arun reached his village, he found that the news of his arrival
preceded him.

The man……that somebody…his pocket.

(a) had realised, picked (b) had realised, had picked
(c) realised, had picked (d) was realising, picks

The little boy became happy when he saw his mother.

The glass of milk broke as soon as it fell from her hands.

Since(point of time):- 7 am, 2007, winter, childhood,
last week / month / year/decade, time immemorial etc.
For(duration of time):- 7 minutes, a long time, a while
2 hours/weeks/months/years, the last 2 days/weeks/months/years etc.

This has been a custom in our society since/from/for time immemorial.

I have been studying here since/for the last 2 years.

His father has been with us since/for 2007.

Present perfect continuous /present perfect + since/for + time

She is playing table tennis since 2012.

They are waiting for you for the last 5 hours.

Neelam has been loving you for the last 7 years.

We have been knowing Mr. Gupta for the last 5 years

If an action of past is used with ‘since’ as a point of time, write that
action in past indefinite and main clause in pr perfect or pr pr. cont.

She did not call me since she moved to Australia with Ajay.

They did not call us even once since we left Delhi.

They are calling me again and again since I left their company.

I have been waiting for you since you had rejected my proposal in 2011.
Pr perfect cont /pr perfect/pr ind/past ind + for + duration

I have been playing cricket for 5 years. [stress on action]

I have played cricket for 5 years. [stress on completion of time]

I played cricket for 5 years.

I play cricket for 5 hours daily.

Pr perfect cont /pr perfect/pr ind/past ind + for + duration

I have been reading novels for 2 years. [stress on action]

I have read novels for 2 years. [stress on completion of time]

I read novels for 2 years.

I read novels for 2 hours daily.

Pr perfect cont /pr perfect+ since + point of time

She has been playing tennis since 2012. [action continue]

She has played 120 matches of tennis since 2012.[action complete]

Ranveer has been working on these 3 movies for the last 3 months.

I have been reading these 30 novels for the last 3 months.

Sachin has been playing 300 matches for the last 15 years.
I have played cricket since 2007.

I have played more than 300 matches since 2007.

I have read more than 20 novels since 2007.

Present perfect tense can be used with since with action completion
hint in case of linking verbs, stative verbs and action without result.

I have known him since 2007.

He has been with us since 2007.

He has lived here since 2007.

He has been living here since 2007.

Past perfect continuous:-

She has been waiting here for 2 hours before her father came.

We have been playing cricket for 3 hours before you called.

They have been arguing for 10 minutes before the boss arrived.
Future indefinite:-

➢ Use future indefinite tense with these words- Tomorrow, Next

Sunday/week/month/year, coming day/Sunday/week/month/year,
shortly, presently, in 2040( future year) etc.

➢ Future में होने वाले planned official actions को present indefinite tense
में भी ललखा जा सकता है ...

➢ Future में होने वाले planned but unofficial actions को will/shall की जगह
Is/am/are + V1+ing का use करके भी ललखा जा सकता है ...
It has started raining shortly so you should take this umbrella.

He reach home presently so you need not worry.

Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India visits Nepal next month.

I am going to buy my own house next year.

#अगर main clause past में हो तो sub-clause भी past में होगा

Mohan’s father told him that he has decided to donate all his
wealth to an orphanage.

Rajesh said that Mohan is singing a song when he met him.

Our teacher taught us that all living beings need water for their survival.
#Don’t use two simultaneous clauses in future tense.
#अगर Main clause future tense में है तो sub clause present tense में होगा..
#Don’t use future tense with these conjunctions- when, while, if, until,
unless, provided that, as soon as, before, after, etc.

If you will come late, I will inform your parents.

I will call him when I will reach Delhi.

I will teach you English and Mohan will teach you History.
#If the main clause is in present tense, the sub clause can be
in present, past or future according to the meaning.

Mohan often says that he lives/lived/will live in Jaipur.

Mohan often says that he lives/lived/will live in Jaipur

when his father was posted there

Mohan often says that he lives/lived/will live in Jaipur

after completing his graduation.
#Past perfect + ‘by the time’ + past indefinite
#Future perfect + ‘by the time’ + present indefinite
‘By the time’ के बाद वाले clause वाला action बाद में होता है ...

The sun rose by the time Rohan woke up.

By the time his mother came, she completed all the chores.

They will reach home by the time it gets dark.

She will have her breakfast by the time you come back.
#Use V2 after ‘It is time/ It is high time/It is about time’ structure.

It is time, you start preparing for your exam.

It is high time, he joins Aman’s special batch.

It is about time, he invests in our company.

It is time for me to go to bed.

She came home, prepared food for her children and had gone to bed.

She is a young girl, runs a software company and had her own house.

The death of his father give him a lot of pain.

She leaves her job and opened her own restaurant.

Conjunction:- It is used to join words, phrases or clauses

Coordinate conjunction:-

For(F), And(A), Nor(N), But(B), Or(O), Yet(Y), So(S)

Subordinate conjunction:- Rest are subordinate conjunction.

Rahul is rich but miser so nobody likes his company.

He ate a mango, some grapes and washed hands.

Co-relative conjunction:- it joins words of same rank.

Either…..or

Neither……nor

Not only…but also

Both……and
Rohan went to a shop and either bought a pen or a pencil.

This deal will neither benefit you nor me.

This new government has not only made a school but also a
hospital for the poor.

Rahul both visited Delhi and Mumbai last year.

I want either a ball or a bat or a football as my birthday gift.

He broke not only the TV but the PC also

Both…..and

He can speak both English as well as Urdu very fluently.

Whether……or

I don’t know whether Ajay is at home otherwise somewhere else.

Between …… and

There are 20 stations between Delhi to Kanpur.

From……to

We travelled from Delhi and Jaipur by bus in 6 hours.

Hardly/Scarcely……when

Hardly had he stopped studying then his father came home.

Scarcely had he left for office than it started raining.

No sooner…….than

No sooner did the thief see the cops then he started running.

Although/though……yet/(,)

Although he studied really hard but he could not qualify the exam.

Though he comes really late still the boss didn’t say a word.
Other…..than

They had no other option but to wait and watch.

Nothing/nobody/no one else…..but

We want nothing else than the safety of our children.

Lest ……..should [meaning- may it not happen]

He ran very fast lest he would miss the bus.

As…..as (for both positive and negative comparison)
So…….as (only for negative comparison)

You are so smart as your brother so don’t worry and deliver the speech.

She is as beautiful if not more than her younger sister.

So……..that( for both positive and negative meaning)
Too……to+v1 (for negative comparison)

My grandfather is too weak that he can not climb the stairs alone.

My grandfather is so weak to climb the stairs alone.

Such……as (जो,जजसको,जजसने /categorizing/relative pronoun)

Such…..that (जक /Strengthen/simple conjunction)

She does not like such boys that don’t respect women.

I like such movies that have interesting stories.

She sings in such a sweet voice as everybody appreciates her.

As ……So (wrong)
That…..how/why/where/when(wrong)

As I know him very well so I can vouch for his character.

He asked me that if I had attended Aman’s batch.

He asked me that why I had slapped Rohan.

He said that when he was in Delhi, he met Rahul Gandhi.

Although he was present there yet he didn’t support us.

Till = जब तक Until = जब तक नह ीं Unless = अगर नह ीं

Please don’t play loud music till/until I am studying here.

I will wait here for you until/unless the sun rises.

Until/unless you work hard, you can’t qualify the exam.

Provided/provided that = बशते =if

Provided that You give my salary on time, I won’t leave your company.

अगर = if क्या= if/whether Whether………or

If/Whether you come, I will inform your parents.

He asked the people if/whether anyone had seen his daughter.

I am not sure if/whether Rajat would join us or not.

(a)As (b)So (c)Although (d)But

He stole my book………... I complained against him.

He has a lot of money……….he won’t help us.

…….…he has a lot of money he won’t help us.

The company was paying him well……he left it.

……….the company was paying him well, he left it.

(a)As (b)So (c)Although (d)But

……he does not come on time, the boss often scolds him.

They shot him thrice……….he survived.

…….… they shot him thrice, he survived.

He tried really hard ………… could not complete the task.

……… he tried really hard, he could not complete the task.

As So Although But
Because Hence Though Still
Since Therefore While Yet
For That is why However Nevertheless
(Reason) (Result) (Opp. Reason) (Opp. Result)

क्ययींकक इसकिए हािाकक किर भ

(a)As (b)So (c)Although (d)But

He reached there late….he had missed the train.

He had missed the train….he reached there late.

He missed the train …he had reached there on time

He reached there on time…he had missed the train.

I did not go to office, ………I was ill

(a) because (b) for (c) although (d) but

BECAUSE> SINCE> AS

I did not come yesterday as/because I was ill.

as/because I was ill, I did not come yesterday.

Rohan is very humble …….. his brother is arrogant.
(a) If (b)so (c)as (d)while

This process is cheap. ________, it is very risky.

(a) Although (b) though (c) but (d) however

There are little chances of our success. _________, we should try

(a) so (b)although (c) but (d) nevertheless
DON’T USE PREPOSITIONS AFTER THESE VERBS:-

(because these verbs are transitive they must have an object):-

These verbs are generally followed by a preposition “to” in errors.

Omit that “to”

Meet, join, obey, violate, ask, bid, tell, Inform, remind, warn, thank, advise

Reach, resist, resemble, attack, afford, demand, comprise, investigate, enter,

flee, explain, describe, discuss, disobey, order, stress, emphasize, await,
despite (preposition) etc.
We should discuss about this issue in our next meeting.

They can’t resist to the temptation of watching that movie.

Mohan resembles with his father a lot.

If you come late, I will inform to your parents.

Einstein explained about the theory of relativity.

He entered into the office without making any sound.

Sheetal entered into an argument with his boss.

Police haven't controlled over the mob even after 7 hours.

They have no control over their children that is why their
children keep on doing such activities.

Some unknown men attacked on the travelers as soon as

they entered the jungle.

Some terrorists were arrested by police yesterday who were

planning an attack on the Lal Quila.
All the members stressed on the implementation of the new policy.

If you want to bend this rod, lay some stress on it.

I will demand for more money from my father in law.

I can’t fulfill his demand for more money.

I must order for a cup of tea as I am really tired.

Sushil received an order for a cup of tea 30 minutes ago.

This collection comprises of 300 old coins from various countries.

This team is comprised of 11 players from various countries.

I met with my friend when I went to Delhi.

He met with an accident last year.

He repeated their conversation with Rohan word to word to me.

Speakers after speakers went to the podium to deliver their speech.

Mr. Gupta divided all his wealth among each of his sons.

Everyone but she was present at the function so everybody got worried.
She is not here as she went to Delhi with her husband on last Monday.

You needn't worry at all as I will come there on Monday next.

I go to office by a bus and I am not ashamed of it.

While he was crossing the road, he was hit by a bus.

On – train, bus, plane, ship etc.

In- helicopter, car, auto, boat etc
On – bicycle, bike, horse, elephant, foot etc
I will go to home as soon as I complete this work.

He went Rahul’s home after completing the task.

He went to home.

He went to her home.

He bought a house/home.
I respect him a lot as he has been punctual throughout in his career.

They are playing outside near the park.

His parents have been looked after by his sister.

Because – Conjunction Because of – Preposition
In case – Conjunction In case of - Preposition
Unless – Conjunction Without - Preposition

He got success because of he had worked very hard day and night.

Everything seems fine now so you should go home. I shall contact

you in case of any emergency arises.

Without you allow him, he won't go there.

Instead of – की बजाये Inspite of – के बावजूद

I asked him to go to hospital but he went to her college in spite of

hospital.

He kept on watching tv in spite of doing his homework so his mother

scolded him.

Instead of having high fever he kept doing his work and completed it
within time.
At the beginning/At the end ये position को show करते है और
In the beginning/In the end ये time को show करते है ...

At the beginning Mr. Sharma suffered a great loss in business.

Bibliography is given in the end of the book.

A frog can live on land and water as well.

They are surely talking and laughing at us.

We are not liable for any loss and damage to your property.

When his father came home, he was busy and engaged in his work.
Note:- If an infinitive is used to describe a noun or pronoun,

that noun or pronoun must be the object of the verb used in

the infinitive. If it is not so, use the necessary preposition

after the infinitive.

Salman shot the running deer.

Police rescued the kidnapped girl.

I need a new school uniform.

They did not have any toy to play.

There was no chair to sit.

There were no students to teach.

They did not have a house to live.

I need some milk to drink.

He gave me a book to read.

I need a pen to write.

Finally, I have somebody to eat.

We want something to eat.

Please give me a list of some interesting places to visit.

As there was no bus to travel so I decided to book a cab.

I don’t feel bored in Delhi as there are a lot of places to roam.

Don’t use preposition ‘to’ after these verbs when these are

followed by an indirect object:- Ask, beg, inform, advise, allow,

call, assure, apprise, remind, warn, thank, wish, order, request,

invite, forbade, welcomed, congratulate, compliment etc.

Use preposition ‘to’ after these verbs when these are followed

by an indirect object:- Propose, announce, apologize, plead, talk,

report, suggest, spoke, listen, wrote, pray, complain, describe,
explain, appeal, etc.
He sent me a letter.

He gave me a book.

He wrote me a letter.
They asked to me to bring a new sofa for them.

He begged to me for help when his enemies surrounded him.

I will inform to your parents if you come late.

She advised to me to start my own business.

They allowed to us to use their parking space.

He called to me and told me that he had quit his job.

The agent assured to us that he would help us.

He apprised to me of my brother’s accident.

She reminded to me to collect the parcel from her office.

She warned to me about the possible consequences.

Gulliver thanked to all the villagers for their help.

He wished to me on my birthday.
They ordered to me to leave the office immediately.

She requested to me to help her in her project.

She did not invite to me to her birthday party.

His father forbade to him from watching TV.

They welcomed to us in their newly built house.

I congratulated to her on her victory in the tournament.

I complimented to her on her looks.

He proposed me that we should open a coaching institute in Jaipur.

They announced the workers that no bonus would be given to them.

He apologized me for all the mistakes that he had made.

She pleaded me not to leave her alone.

He talked me about the problems that she was facing.

The witness reported the policeman about the robbery.

The witness reported the incident word for word to the policeman.

They suggested to me that I should consult a specialist eye surgeon.

He spoke his mother to take some advice.

All the students listened the teacher very carefully.

He wrote me a letter but I was not able to send a reply to him.

They prayed God for help as no one else was able to help them.
Many students complained me about Mr Bharat last Sunday.

He described me the whole incident that happened yesterday.

The teacher explained us the concept in detail.

The organisers appealed the crowd not to panic.

 Among (>2 )v/s Between (=2)

The cost should be shared equally between /among the three of you.

These diseases are more common between /among young children.

The survey shows a link among /between asthma and air pollution.

The gap among /between the rich and the poor has increased.
Between का प्रयोग दो से अधिक के धिए भी धकया जाता है जब उनका
आपस में Mutual relationship हो

An agreement was signed among France , Germany , Austria and Italy.

This tournament will be played among India , Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
 Beside v/s Besides

Beside - It means ‘at the side of’ or ‘next to’ (के बगि में )
Besides- It means ‘in addition to’ or ‘also’: ( अिावा या अधतरिक्त)

She was sitting beside/besides the tree.

What other types of music do you like beside/ besides classical?

 ACROSS V/S THROUGH

Across - It refers to the movement of someone

or something on, at, to or from the other side of 2D.

Across - On the opposite side (उस पाि या दू सिी तिफ )

Through- It implies the movement of someone or

something from one side to another, in an enclosed
space.
She walked across/through the floor and lay down on the bed.

They walked slowly through/across the woods.

A new garage has been opened across/through the bridge.

The medical shop is across/through the lane.

 In v/s Into

In - It is used when something is within, i.e. one

thing contains another.

Into- It is used when someone or something

comes from outside to the inside.
 On v/s Upon

On –It used to show that something is in a

position above something else and touching it,

Upon- on something (in motion)

Upon
How much is that coat on display in/into the window?

The ran fast and jumped into/in the pool.

They live in that old house on/upon the hill.

The lion jumped on/upon the deer and killed it.

Over v/s Above Below vs under
 Over v/s Above Below v/s under

There is a big fan over/above your head.

The ganga is flowing over/above the danger mark.

A cat is sitting under/below the table.

Please don’t write under/below this line.

 By v/s With

The motorcycle was driven by/with a tiny bald man.

The paper was signed by/with her with/by a parker pen in black ink.

He was sitting by/with the lake when we found him.

He was playing by/with his younger brother.

 At v/s in
At -used to show an exact position or particular place/ small place:
in- to talk about locations within a larger area:

I live on/in/at the 7th floor at/in 21 Oxford Street at/in London.

I live at/in Tonk phatak in/at Jaipur.

He was walking in/along/up/down the street

At:- at dawn, at dusk, at day break, at sunrise, at noon, at sunset,
at night, at midnight etc.

Note :- today, tomorrow, yesterday, the following day, the next day,
yesterday evening, yesterday afternoon, last night, this morning, this
afternoon, tonight, tomorrow इन words के पहिे preposition का
प्रयोग नही धकया जाता है

Morning/evening के साथ in का प्रयोग धकया जाता है व Morning/evening

के साथ date/day का प्रयोग हो तो का on प्रयोग धकया जाता है
 At v/s In v/s On (time)

He reached Jaipur at 9 O' clock / in June /in 2021 /

on Sunday /on 7th October .

I'm having dinner with Rachel on tomorrow.

Let’s meet on sunday morning to discuss this issue.

 Before v/s in front of

Don't park your car in front of/before my gate.

India raised the issue of cross-border terrorism before the U.N.

He had completed the task in front of/before his father came?

Owing to/Due to- दोनोों का मतिब होता है ‘because of’(के कािण )

Owing to + noun = adverbial phrase

Due to + noun = adjectival phrase

Owing to / due to heavy rains the exam was cancelled.

The cancellation of the exam was owing to / due to heavy rains.

 Among - Among means ‘in the middle or included in a larger
group of people or things’. Among is commonly followed by
a plural noun phrase:

Amongst - Amongst is sometimes used as an alternative to

among. It is more formal and less common:
'Among' का प्रयोग Consonant Sound वािे शब्ोों से पहिे धकया जाता है
amongst का प्रयोग Vowel Sound वािे शब्ोों से पहिे धकया जाता है
(i) among them
(ii) amongst us
'The' से पहिे 'amongst' ,औि 'among' दोनोों का प्रयोग हो सकता है
I think I’ve got that album among/ amongst my boxes of CDs.

Your daughter is among /amongst the top 10% of students in the school.

I saw a few familiar faces among /amongst the crowd.

The yellow roses were among/ amongst all of the others.

He divided the country among/ amongst his sons.

Amid औि Amidst का प्रयोग दो से अधिक के धिए धकया जाता है

Amid and Amidst का प्रयोग uncountable noun के साथ भी धकया जा

सकता है

'Amid' का प्रयोग Consonant Sound वािे शब्ोों से पहिे धकया जाता है

amidst का प्रयोग Vowel Sound वािे शब्ोों से पहिे धकया जाता है
On the floor, amid/ amidst mounds of books, was a small envelope.

The new perfume was launched amid/ amidst a fanfare of publicity.

The Bill was passed amid/ amidst pandemonium.

They were sitting amid/ amidst us and talking against us.

Leave of :- Bye Leave from :- Permission

(a) We took leave ……….. the office for a week.

(b) We took leave ……...... the host after the party was over.
Decline - of (end) Decline - In (decrease)

(a) What caused the decline ………… the Mauryan Empire?

(b) We have noticed no decline …………crime in the city.

Divide - into (make fraction)
Divide - Between, among (distribute)

(a) They have divided all the money ………….. five equal parts.

(b) They have divided all the money ……..…… their friends.
Made - of (physical change)
Made - From (chemical change)

(a) The board is made ……..…. wood.

(b) Bread is made ……….….. wheat.

Died - in (accident, incident) Died – of/from (cause)

Died - of (disease) Died - for(purpose)

(a) The man died ………….the riots.

(b) The man died ………..hunger.

(c) The man died …………. cancer.

(d) I am ready to die …………… my country.

Familiar – with (something)

Familiar – to (someone)

(a) We are not familiar ……….. the ways of this city.

(b) We are not familiar …………… his parents.

Angry, annoyed, vexed, disgusted – at something

Angry, annoyed, vexed, disgusted – with someone

(a) Your father is very angry …………. your performance.

(b) Your father is very angry …………... your friends.

Part - from (someone) / with- (something)

(a) It is very difficult for one to part ………. one’s friends.

(b) It is very hard for one to take part ………… one’s wealth.
Partake- of (share)

Partake- in (participate)

(a) He didn’t partake …………the light refreshment.

(b) He didn’t partake …………… annual function.

Deal – in (business) Deal – with (behave)

Deal – with (tackle) Deal -out(distribute).

(a) Mr. Sharma deals ………….. food grains.

(b) Mr. Sharma deals ……………. everyone politely.

(c)Mr. Sharma doesn’t know how to deal …………. this problem.

(d) The profits were dealt ……………. among the investors.

Suffer – for (one’s actions) Suffer – no preposition (loss)

Suffer – from (ailment) Ill- with

(a) He suffered for ………… wrongdoing.

(b) He suffered ………….a great loss in his business.

(c) He is suffering …………….. fever and cold.

(d) Rajat was ill ……………. fever and cold.

Quarrel – with (someone) Over - (something)

(a) We shouldn’t quarrel ………… one another.

(b) We shouldn’t quarrel ………….. petty issues.

Answerable/accountable/responsible - for something
Answerable/accountable/responsible - to someone

(a) Everyone is answerable ………. god ………. one’s action.

(b) I am not responsible ……………..all these problems.

Obliged/grateful/thankful – to (someone)

Obliged/grateful/thankful – for (something)

(a) we shall be highly obliged ……… you ……… your help.

(b) I am very thankful ………her ……….her support.

Married (verb) – no preposition,
Married (adj) - to

(a) Rahul married ………… Rajni.

(b) Rajni is married …………. Rahul.

Comprise (include) – no preposition

Comprise (be hidden)-in

(a) The team comprises …………….15 employees.

(b) Beauty comprises …………….. character.

Complain – of (something)
Complain – against, about (someone)
Complain – to (authority).

(a) The students complained ……………..the poor facilities.

(b) All of us have complained …………..you ………. the warden.

Lives - on (some food),
Lives - by (customs, principles)
Lives - within (income).

(a) he lives ……………. fruits only.

(b) He lives ……………. his customs.

(c) He lives ………….. his means.

Jump - at (accept happily), to (make haste)

(a) He jumped …………… the lucrative offer.

(b) He jumped ………….. a wrong conclusion and repented later.

Surprised, astonished, shocked, amused - at (something)
Surprised, astonished, shocked, amused - by (someone)

(a) We were surprised …………. his stunts.

(b) We were surprised ………….. the stuntman.

Dissent, disagree, accent, accede, agree, concur– with (someone),
to (something, accept something), on (matter , issue)

(a) I don’t agree …………. you .

(b) I don’t agree …………… your offer.

(c) I disagree………… her ……………this matter.

Differ - with (disagree) ,from (different), on(matter, issue).

(a) My opinion differs …………… yours.

(b) He never differs …………. his brothers on any issue.

(c) He differs a lot ……………. his brother.

(d) I differ …………. you …………… this matter.

Results (verb) – (in)

Results (noun) - (of)

(a) Jealousy results ……………. unhappiness.

(b) Unhappiness and anxiety are the results ………….. jealousy.

Blind - to (negligent) Blind- in (one eye) Blind- of (both eyes)

(a) He is blind ……… his brother's faults but he will surely repent later.

(b) He is blind ………….. the right eye.

(c) He is blind ………….. both eyes

Taste - in (habit, knowledge) Taste - for (liking)

(a) He has a very good taste …………..music so I like his company.

(b) While she was in France, she developed a taste …………. wine.
Compared(verb) - with, Compared (adj) – to

(a)He always compares his performance …………….his brother’s.

(b)Your achievement is nothing compared………………. hers.

Shout - at (anger), for (call)

(a) His father shouted……………..him when he broke the vase.

(b)The shouted……………….someone to help him.

Change(verb) - no prep. for object , for (replace)

Change ( noun) - in, of

(a) I will changed …………….this phone ……………..a new one.

(b) The changed ……………..his daily routine affected his health.

(c) A change………………….place can improve his degrading health.

Supply something (to) somebody,
Supply somebody (with) something,
supply something (for)purpose

(a) They supplied weapons……………….them.

(b) China supplied Pakistan………………..weapons.

Present something (to) somebody

Present somebody (with) something

(a) My uncle presented me……………….a watch on my birthday.

(b) She presented a watch …………………..me.

Entrust person/thing to be cared (to) caretaker

Entrust caretaker (with) person/thing to be cared

(a)The court entrusted the boy……………..his uncle.

(b) The court entrusted his uncle……………….the boy.

Throw - to (pass) , throw - at (target)

(a) She became very annoyed and threw the bottle……………him.

(b) She threw the child……………him.

Answer (verb) - no prep. Answer (noun) – to

(a) He answered………………….all my questions very politely.

(b) He had no answers ………………..my questions.

Feeds - on( food) , Feeds - no prep (somebody/ something)

(a) He feeds……………only fruits.

(b)He feeds…………..all the monkeys of this area every Tuesday.

Enamoured - with ( someone) , of (something)

(a) He was enamoured……………..her.

(b)He was enamoured…………......her simplicity.

Believe - no prep (trust)

Believe - in (to be sure about existence or effectiveness of something)

(a) You should not believe…………………..everything that he says.

(b) I don't believe………………….ghosts.

Guilty - about ( ashamed of doing sth.)

Guilty - of (responsible, criminal)

(a) I feel guilty ………………..not obeying my parents.

(b) He is guilty …………………..stealing all those paper.

Anxious - about (worried)

Anxious - for (waiting for something/ someone)

(a) He was really anxious…………………her safety.

(b) He were anxious…………………you to come.

We are not opposed over this bill still we request you to reconsider it.

They insisted to go there alone but their father didn't allow them.

The players are very confident to win this match.

He was very happy when he succeeded to clear the exam.

He is fond to romantic songs sung by Arijeet Singh.

She accused him for stealing her ring.

 Fixed Preposition
Part - A
Collection of fixed preposition based on meaning.
'FROM' tax increase.
 Prevent :-  Exclude :-
The police tried to prevent him from running away. Women are still excluded from the club.
 Refrain :- 'OF'
Please refrain from talking during the lecture.  Abreast :-
 Prohibit :- I like to keep abreast of current affairs daily.
Heavy vehicles are prohibited from entering the  Apprise :-
city before 11pm. The parents were apprised of their son’s injuries.
 Abstain :-  Assure :-
He took a vow to abstain from alcohol. The union assured the new owners of the workers'
 Deter :- loyalty to the company.
High prices are deterring many young people from  Certain :-
buying houses. He was quite certain about/of his attacker's
 Debar :- identity.
He was debarred from the club for his  Cognizant :-
unacceptable behaviour. We should be cognizant of the fact that every
 Desist (v) - complaint is not a justified complaint.
The document from the court orders the magazine  Conscious :-
to desist from publishing false stories about the Eventually he became conscious of the fact that
actor. his friends were making fun of him.
 Stop :-  Hopeful (of doing sth) :-
They've put the barriers up to stop people from His audition went well and he's fairly hopeful of
getting through. getting the part.
 Protect :-  Inform (of /about) :-
It's important to protect your skin from the The school promised to keep parents informed of/
harmful rays of the sun. about the situation.
'FROM'  Mindful :-
 Absolve :- Mindful of the poor road conditions, Sonali
reduced her speed to 30 mph.
The report absolved her from/of the blame for
 Observant :-
the accident.
He was acutely observant of the poverty around
 Exonerate :-
him.
The report exonerated the crew from the
 Sure (of /about) :-
responsibility for the collision.
We arrive early to be sure of getting a good seat.
 Emancipate :-
'OF'
They felt that they had been emancipated from
 Bereft :-
their father’s control.
He was bereft of hope when he got fired from his
 Discharge :-
He was discharged from the hospital after job.
treatment  Deprive :-
 Dismiss :- He claimed that he had been deprived of his
He has been dismissed from his job for freedom/rights.
incompetence.  Devoid :-
 Liberate :- He seems to be devoid of any feeling for his ex
They said they would send the troops to liberate girlfriend.
the people from the dictator.  Divest :-
 Release :- Owing to her careless behaviour,she was divested
He was released from prison after serving a five- of her responsibilities.
year sentence.  Destitute :-
 Exculpate :- She seems destitute of ordinary human feelings.
He exculpate himself from all the charges.  Empty :-
 Exempt :- Our newly bought house is empty of furniture.
Small businesses have been exempted from the

282
 Lack:-  Swamped:-
His answer demonstrated an absolute lack of After the severe storms, insurance companies are
understanding of the question. expecting to be swamped with claims.
 Short:-  Inundated:-
She is not short of excuses when things go wrong. Fans inundated the radio station with calls.
 Void:-  Brimmed:-
The sky was void of stars yesterday. Her eyes brimmed with tears when she heard that
 Deficiency:- he was alive.
There is a deficiency of vitamin b12 in your body.  Teeming:-
 Shortage:- The mall was teeming with shoppers yesterday.
There is no shortage of books in our library for a 'TO'
diligent student.  Equivalent:-
 Paucity:- One mile is equivalent to about 1.6 kilometers.
There is a paucity of medicines in most of the  Equal:-
government hospitals.
She received a bonus of 12000 Rs which is equal
 Despoil:-
to 40% of her salary.
The thief despoiled the old man of his belongings.
 Akin:-
 Rob:-
They robbed the company of $2 million. For Shruti the death of her beloved dog was akin
 Strip:- to the death of a dear relative.
The corrupt IAS officer has been completely  Likeness:-
stripped of power. Rajni bears a strong likeness to her father.
 Dearth:-  Similar:-
Human Resources managers complain that there I bought some new shoes which are very similar
is a dearth of talented candidates. to a pair I had before.
'WITH'  Homologous:-
 Loaded:- Because of advances in medical technology,
They loaded the lorry with potatoes. Mohan’s artificial leg is almost homologous to his
 Overwhelmed:-
natural limb.
They were overwhelmed with grief when their
 Analogous:-
baby died.
 Replete:- Since my teacher is analogous to my mother, I have
The harbor was replete with boats. accidentally called her, “mom.”
 Beset:-  Tantamount:-
With the amount of traffic nowadays, even a trip Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an
across town is beset with dangers. admission of guilt.
 Filled:-
 Identical:-
I filled the bucket with water.
 Infested:- These tests are identical to those carried out last
When we first moved in, the apartment was year.
infested with cockroaches.  Close:-
 Thronged:- Your performance is pretty close to the national
The streets were thronged with tourists on the record.
new year eve.  Corresponding:-
 Crowded:- What we required you to do is corresponding to
The room was crowded with small pieces of the contract.
furniture, cupboards, and little tables.
 Allied (with/to):-
 Congested:-
The city streets were congested with vehicles. It takes a lot of enthusiasm, allied with/to a love
 Endowed:- of children, to make a good teacher.
Dr. Kalam was endowed with great wisdom.  Related:-
 Burdened:- Because diabetes is a disease related to obesity,
I don't want to burden you with my problems. losing weight can help you avoid insulin issues.
 Occupied:- 'TO'
Had he taken dinner, or had he been too occupied  Harmful.:-
with taking care of her? These chemicals are known to be harmful to
 Gifted:- people with asthma.
Nora fatehi is gifted with a charming smile.  Injurious:-
 Deluged:-
Too much alcohol is injurious to your health.
Our office was deluged with applications as soon
as we posted a job vacany.  Pernicious:-

283
 Pollution of the water supply reached a level  Committed :-
pernicious to the health of the population. We are committed to this noble cause.
 Baneful:-  Devoted :-
If not cooked properly, this vegetable can be The scientist has devoted himself to his research,
baneful to humans. and rarely comes out of his lab.
 Detrimental:-  Faithful :-
Their decision could be detrimental to the future He was faithful to his wife throughout their 30-
of the company. year marriage.
 Threat:-  Loyal :-
Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other Training programmes encourage workers to
road users. remain loyal to their employers.
 Menace:-  Dutiful :-
That boy is a menace to himself and his friends. She was chiding her son for not being dutiful to
 Inimical:- her.
Excessive managerial control is inimical to  Dedicated :-
creativity. The Green Party is dedicated to protecting the
 Hazardous:- environment.
Certain pesticides should be banned since they 'TO'
are hazardous to the environment.  Prone :-
'TO' Fast bowlers are prone to injuries.
 Beneficial:-  Susceptible :-
A change of place will be beneficial to his health. Owing to his high obesity level, He is Susceptible
 Favorable:- to many diseases.
The terms of the agreement were favourable to  vulnerable :-
both the parties. People with low immunity are vulnerable to covid-
 Essential (for/to):- 19 .
Water is essential for/to all living beings.  liable :-
 Conducive:- You are more liable to injuries if you Exercise
Black soil is conducive to growing cotton. irregularly.
 Profitable:-  Sensitive :-
The deal was profitable to all of us. Her reply shows that she is very sensitive to
 Advantageous:- criticism.
The lower tax rate is particularly advantageous to  Allergic :-
middle class families. Radhika is allergic to most animals, so she isn’t
'TO' able to breathe well around dogs or cats
 Assent:-  Immune :-
Once the directors give their assent to the Most people who've had chickenpox once are
proposal we can begin. immune to it for the rest of their lives.
 Consent:- 'TO'
My aunt never got married because her father  Preface :-
wouldn't consent to her marriage. We're hoping these talks could be a preface to
 Accede:- peace.
The government acceded to the demands of the  Prelude :-
farmers. The changes are seen as a prelude to wide-ranging
 Amenable:- reforms
She might be more amenable to the idea if you  Prologue :-
explained how much money it would save. A series of internal struggles was the prologue to
 Accord:- full-scale civil war.
Our society accords great importance to the  Introduction :-
family. Can you write a brief introduction to this article?
 Agree:- 'TO'
Do you think he will agree to their proposal?  Appropriate (to/for) :-
'TO' The book was written in a style appropriate to the
 True:- age of the children.
She has vowed to remain true to the president  Apposite :-
whatever happens. Her remarks are extremely apposite to the present
 Obedient:- discussion.
Citizens during ancient history were required to  Applicable :-
be obedient to the king. This part of the law is only applicable to companies
employing more than five people.

284
 Relevant :- my colleagues.
What you are saying is not relevant to our  Appalled :-
problem. I am absolutely appalled at the state of these
 Pertinent :- government hospitals.
This chapter is pertinent to the post 1857 revolt  Alarmed :-
period. She was a bit alarmed at the idea of travelling
 Belong :- alone.
Does this book belong to you or to Sarah?  Enraged :-
 Appertain :- She was enraged at his stupidity.
These figures appertain to last year’s sale.  Dismayed :-
 Germane :- He was dismayed at the change in his old friend’s
Her remarks could not have been more germane behaviour.
to the discussion.
 Pertaining :- 'AT'
I need some information pertaining to adoption  Chuckle :-
laws. He chuckled at the thought of the two of them
 Linked :- stuck in the snow.
The use of CFCs is linked to the depletion of the  Cackle :-
ozone layer. He cackled wildly at the thought.
'TO'  Giggle :-
 Accustomed :- All the girls giggled at jokes that the teacher
The wealthy woman wasn’t accustomed to cracked.
preparing her own food.  Guffaw :-
 Adapt :- The man guffawed at her remarks.
Kurt had to adapt to cooking and cleaning for  Grin :-
himself when his marriage crumbled. He grinned at me from the doorway.
 Adjusted :-  Jeer :-
After a while her eyes adjusted to the dark. Striking workers jeered at those who crossed the
 Acclimatized :- picket line.
We haven’t got acclimatized to village life yet.  Laugh :-
 Habituated :- The children were laughing at the cartoons.
We all become habituated to waking up early  Smile :-
when we were there. When he smiled at me I knew everything was all
 Inured :- right.
The prisoners quickly became inured to the harsh  Smirk :-
conditions. I don't like the way he winks and smirks at me
 Used :- whenever he sees me.
We were used to a cold climate, so the weather  Snicker :-
didn’t bother us. Stop snickering at that rude joke and get back to
 Addicted :- your class room.
By the age of 14 he was addicted to heroin.  Snigger :-
'AT' They spent half the time sniggering at the clothes
 Amazed :- people were wearing.
She was amazed at how calmly the man behaved  Sneer :-
after the accident. She'll probably sneer at my new shoes because
 Astonished :- they're not expensive.
The doctors were astonished at the speed of her  Scoff :-
recovery. The critics scoffed at his paintings.
 Astounded :-  Chortle :-
She looked astounded at the news of her topping She chortled with glee at the news.
the exam.  Beam :-
 Aghast :- The child beamed at his teacher as he received
Workers and union officials were aghast at the the award.
layoffs. 'AT'
 Surprised :-  Glare :-
We were very surprised at her strange behaviour. She glared angrily at everyone and stormed out
 Shocked :- of the room.
She was shocked at the language they used.  Glance :-
 Staggered :- I only had time to glance at my emails.
I was staggered at level of incompetence among  Gape :-

285
 They stood gaping at the pig in the kitchen.
 Gawk :-
Don’t stand there gawking at her, give her a hand.
 Gaze :-
Anjli gazed admiringly at Rahul as he spoke.
 Glower :-
There's no point glowering at me like that - you
know the rules.
 Frown :-
She frowned at me, clearly annoyed.
 Scowl :-
The boy scowled at her and reluctantly followed
her back into school.
 Stare :-
Don't stare at people like that, it's rude.
 Look :-
They looked at the picture and laughed.

***

286
 Miscellaneous fixed preposition
Part-B
Generally “TO” preposition is used with these words.
 Abhorrent (Adj.) to -
Eg:-She wasn't yet attuned to her baby's needs.
causing or deserving strong dislike – f?kukSuk
 Averse (adj) to - having a feeling of dislike – izfrdwy
Eg:-The idea of being stuck in an office all day is
Eg:-If your pet is averse to full outfits, consider a
abhorrent to a nature lover like myself.
festive collar instead
 Access (N) to – reach – igq¡ p
 Blind (adj )to -
Eg:- You need a password to get access to the
unable to see (fault etc) - ¼ds izfr½ va/kk
computer system.
Eg:- The politician was blind to the fact that no
 Accountable (Adj)
one was interested in anything he had to say.
to (somebody)- obliged to accept responsibility –
 Comparable (adj) to/with -
mRrjnk;h
being similar or about the same – rqyuh;
Eg:- Politicians are ultimately accountable to the
Eg:- Its brain is closely comparable to the brain of
voters.
a chimpanzee.
 Accountable (Adj)
 Complement (n) to -
for something -
to complete something else or make it better –
Eg:-Because my dog bit the little boy, I’m being
iwjd
held accountable for all of the child’s medical
Eg:- A swim skirt is the perfect complement to
expenses.
most types of swimwear.
 Adhere (V) to -
to cause to stick fast - ikyu djuk] tqM+s jguk
 Due (adj) to – because - ds dkj.k
Eg:- She adhered to her principles/
Eg:- He argues that climate change is mainly due
ideals throughout her life.
to the actions of industrialized countries.
 Adjacent (Adj) to - sharing a border - lVk gqvk
 Equal (adj) to -
Eg:-They lived in a house adjacent to the railway.
same – cjkcjh
 Affectionate (Adj) to -
Eg:- An area of forest equal to the size of Wales
feeling or showing love and affection – Lusgh
has been destroyed.
Eg:-- God will not be affectionate to that man who
 Exception (n) to -
is not affectionate to Gods creatures.
a case where a rule does not apply – viokn
 Agreeable (Adj) to -
Eg:- We laughed when Sue said that there is an
ready or willing to agree – lger
exception to every rule.
Eg:- Do you think they will be agreeable to our
 Given (adj) to – habitual - vknh gksu k
proposal?
Eg:- He’s given to going for long walks on his own.
 Allegiance (N) to -
 Heir (n) to -
loyalty to a person, country, group, etc. – fu"Bk
a person who has the legal right to receive the
Eg:-He affirmed his allegiance to the president.
property of someone who dies – okfjl
 Alternative (N) to something –
Eg:- Rajan was the reluctant heir to an enormous
substitute – fodYi
amount of land and money.
Eg:-Fruit juice is provided as an alternative to
 Indebted (adj) to - owing something (such as
alcoholic drinks.
money or thanks) to someone or something - _.kh
 Alternative (N) for somebody -
Eg:- I am deeply indebted to my family for all their
This treatment is the only alternative for some
help.
patients.
 Indifferent (adj) to - not interested in or concerned
 Antidote (N) to -
about something – mnklhu
a substance that stops the harmful effects of a
Eg:- The government cannot afford to be
poison - fo"k uk"kd
indifferent to public opinion.
Eg:-There is no known antidote to the poison.
 Indigenous (adj) to -
 Attention (N) to - notice, interest, or awareness - /
produced, living, or existing naturally in a particular
;ku
region or environment – Lons' kh
Eg:- he paid no attention to her warning.
Eg:- Since the native tribes had no means of
 Attuned (adj) to -
travelling, all of the food they ate was indigenous
familiar with somebody/something so that you can
to their own communities.
understand or recognize them or it – igpkuuk

287
 Key (n/adj)to - a thing that makes you able to lnL;rk ysuk
understand or achieve something – ekSfyd Eg:- We subscribe to several sports channels TV.
Eg:- Persistence is the key if you want to get a job.  Succumb (v) to -
 Look forward (v) to - anticipated with satisfaction to stop trying to resist something –eku tkuk
- larqf"V ds lkFk vk'kk djuk Eg:- Even good leaders eventually succumb to the
Eg:- We're really looking forward to seeing you pressure of the ruling class.
again.  Supplement (n) to - a thing that is added to
 Opposite (adj) to - something else to improve or complete it - iwjd
not agree - ds fo:)
Eg:- Industrial sponsorship is a supplement to
Eg:- You’d never know they’re sisters - they’re
government funding.
completely opposite to each other in every way.
 Surrender to -
 Postscript (n) to -
 to give the control or use of (something) to
a note or series of notes added at the end of a
someone else - leiZ.k djuk
letter, article, or book - ifjf'k"V Hkkx
Eg:- The hijackers eventually surrendered
Eg:- As a postscript to that story I told you
themselves to the police.
last week, it turned out that the woman was
 Temptation (n) to -
his sister-in-law.
a strong urge or desire to have or do something –
 Preface (n) to - an introduction to a book or speech
izyksH ku
– izLrkouk
Eg:- An expensive bicycle is a temptation to thieves
Eg:- I read it in the preface to her new book.
 Prefer (v) to -
Generally “OF” preposition is
to like (someone or something) better than
used with these words.
someone or something else - ds rqyuk esa T;knk ilan
 Abhorrence (n) of -
djuk
strong hatred – ?k`.kk
Eg:- I would have preferred a trip to the beach,
He had an abhorrence of waste of any kind.
but my family decided we should go to the
 Accused (adj) of -
mountains.
one charged with an offence – vfHk;qDr
 Preferable (adj) to - better or more desirable –
I was accused of abducting her.
csgrj
 Afraid (adj) of -
Eg:- Online shopping is preferable to consumers
filled with fear - Mjk gqvk
like myself who hate the idea of going into crowded
Eg:- It’s all over. There’s nothing to be afraid of
stores.
now.
 Repugnant (adj) to - a strong feeling of dislike or
 Ashamed (adj) of - feeling shame, guilt, or disgrace
disgust – ?k`.kk
Eg:- The idea of eating meat was repugnant to her. – 'kfeZan k
 Resign (v) yourself to something - Eg:- Ashamed of her tendency to overeat, the
to accept something unpleasant that cannot be woman refused to dine in public or eat in front of
changed or avoided – leL;kvksa ds lkeus >qd tkuk others.
Eg:- She resigned herself to her fate.  Beware (v) of - to be careful - lko/kku jguk
 Sequel (n) to - a book, movie, etc., that continues Eg:- Motorists have been warned to beware of icy
a story begun in another book, movie, etc. – dk roads.
vyxk Hkkx  Boast (v) of -
Eg:- The new movie is a direct sequel to the first, a reason to be proud - Mhax ekjuk
picking up the story where the original left off. Eg:- He openly boasted of his skill as a stuntman.
 Similar (adj) to -  Capable (adj) of -
almost the same – leku able to do something – l{ke
Eg:- My teaching style is similar to that of most Eg:- I knew he was capable of something like this.
other teachers  Composed (adj) of -
 Submission (n) to - something that is submitted – to be made or formed from several parts, things
izLrqr or people – fdlh ls feydj cuk gqvk gksuk
Eg:- They prepared a report for submission to the Eg:- Around 15 per cent of our diet is composed of
council. protein.
 Submit (v) to -  Consist (v) of -
yield or accept to a superior force - ds vkxs >qduk to be made up of (something) - ls cuk gqvk
Eg:- They abandoned their town rather than Eg:- The exhibition consists of a series of
submit to the Persians. photographs that he took between 1915 and 1939.
 Subscribe (v) to -  Confident (adj) of - showing that you have
to pay money to get a publication or service confidence - vk'oLr gksuk
regularly- Eg:- I’m fully confident of winning the title.

288
 Eg:-Rajesh expressed deep affection for his wife at
 Convicted (adj) of - to prove or find guilty - vijk/kh
their third anniversary party.
Bkjk;k gqvk
 Appetite (n) for -
Eg:- He was convicted of the murder of two
a strong desire for something - Hkw[ k
teenagers.
Eg:-My little brother has an insatiable appetite for
 Convinced (adj) of -
knowledge, learning anything and everything he
to cause (someone) to believe that something is
can all the time.
true - ;dhu djuk
 Aptitude (n) for -
Eg:- She didn’t seem convinced of his words.
a natural ability to do something or to learn
 Disapprove (v) of -
something - ;ksX;rk
to officially refuse to approve or accept
Eg:-Even as a toddler, Kamal showed a remarkable
(something) - vLohdkj djuk
aptitude for the piano and played music even
Eg:- He strongly disapproved of the changes that
professionals could not perform.
had been made.
 Atone (v) for - to do something that shows you
 Dispose (v) of -
are sorry for something bad that you did - i'pkrki
to get rid of something - NqVdkjk ikuk
djuk
Radioactive waste must be disposed of safely.
Eg:-The manager tried to atone for the bad service
 Envious (adj) of -
by offering me a complimentary dessert.
feeling or showing a desire to have what someone
 Capacity (n) for - the ability to hold or contain -
else has – bZ" ;kZyq
{kerk
Eg:-Everyone is so envious of her having the chance
Eg:-She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
to study abroad.
 Compassion (n) for - a feeling of wanting to help
 Fond (adj) of - to have liking of – ds 'kkSd hu
someone who is sick, hungry, in trouble, etc. -
Eg:-Sheila’s very fond of telling other people what
lgkuqH kwfr
to do.
Eg:-He was filled with overwhelming love and
 Get rid (v) of - to become free from something –
compassion for his wife.
NqVdkjk ikuk
 Compensation (n) for - something that is done or
Eg:- Try and get rid of your visitors before I get
given to make up for damage, trouble, etc. - eqvkotk]
there.
gtkZu k
 Guilty (v) of - responsible for committing a crime
Eg:-The employer has a duty to pay full
or doing something bad or wrong –vijk/kh
compensation for injuries received at work.
Eg:-The jury found the defendant not guilty of the
 Contempt (n) for -
offence.
a feeling that someone or something is not worthy
 Proof (n) of - something which shows that
of any respect or approval - voekuuk
something else is true or correct izek.k gksuk
Eg:-They had shown a contempt for the values she
Eg:-These results are a further proof of his
thought important.
outstanding ability.
 Canvass (v) for -
 Scared (adj) of - to be frightened or worried - Mjk
to ask (the people in an area) what they think about
gqvk
a candidate, project, idea, etc. - er ek¡xuk
Eg:-She is scared of going out alone.
Eg:-He spent the whole month canvassing for
 Sure (adj) of –
votes.
ascertain - fuf'pr gksuk
 Craving (n) for -
Eg:-I hope you are sure of your facts.
a very strong desire for something - r`" .kk
 Want of -
Eg:-Rajni skipped meals to satisfy her craving for
to need (something) - t:jr gksu k
chocolate.
Eg:-There is a want of adequate medical facilities.
 Desire (n) for -
 Wary (adj) of -
to want or wish for (something) - bPNk
cautious -lko/kku
Eg:-His childhood had created a desire for stability
Eg:-You should be very wary of people offering free
in his life.
ride of Highways.
 Hope (v) for -
 Worthy (adj) of -
expect - vk'kk
deserving respect, attention - ds ;ksX;
Eg:-The parents hope for a dry weekend even
Eg:-Very few of his ideas are worthy of further
though the forecast calls for rain.
attention.
 Liking (n) for -
a feeling of regard or fondness - ilan djuk
Generally "For" preposition is used with
Eg:-Kunal has a liking for his next door neighbor
these words.
Kamini, but he has yet to confess his feelings to
 Affection (n) for - a feeling of liking for someone
her in any way.
or something - ds fy, Lusg

289
 Yearn (v) for -  Dwell (v) on -
to desire very much - ds fy, ykylk djuk to think and talk a lot about something
Eg:-When my sister was ill, she yearned for Eg:-So you made a mistake, but there's no need to
chocolate ice cream and French fries. dwell on it.
 Embark (v) on -
Generally "From" preposition is used with to begin a journey - ;k=k 'kq: djuk
these words Eg:-She has already embarked on her studies for
 Abstinence (n) from - SSC Mains.
the practice of not doing or having something that  Encroach (v) on -
is wanted - ijgst djuk to gradually begin to cover more and more area -
Abstinence from smoking is now mandatory on vfrØe.k djuk
commercial airlines. Eg:-The growing town soon encroached on the
 Derive (v) from - surrounding countryside.
to take or get (something) from (something else) -  Impose (v) on -
ls fudyuk ;k gkfly djuk to introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that
Eg:-Wealth and position in society derived largely a rule, punishment, etc. be used &ykxq djuk
from land ownership. Eg:-A prison sentence of 25 years was imposed on
 Descent (n) from - each of the defendants
a person's family origins - oa'k  Insist (v) on - to demand that something happen
Eg:-Humans and other apes followed separate lines or that someone do something - vkxzg djuk
of descent from a common ancestor. Eg:-She insisted on him wearing a suit
 Deviate (v) from -  Intrude (v) on/upon -
to do something that is different or to be different to come or go into a place where you are not
from what is usual or expected - (jkLrs ls) gVuk wanted or welcome - vukf/kdkj izos' k djuk
Eg:-The bus had to deviate from its usual route Eg:-We should not intrude on their private affair.
because of a road closure.
 Escape (v) from - Generally "In" preposition is used with
to get away from a dangerous place or situation - these words.
lqjf{kr fudy tkuk  Absorbed (adj) in -having one's attention wholly
Eg:-She managed to escape from the burning car. engaged or occupied vo'kksf"kr
 Exemption (n) from - Eg:-He was too absorbed in watching the game to
permission not to pay or do something - NqV notice.
Eg:-They enjoyed exemption from customs duties  Dabble (v) in -
on goods to be used by themselves. to take part in an activity in a way that is not serious
 Recover (v) from - to become healthy after an - 'kkSfd;k rkSj ij dqN djuk
illness or injury - LoLFk gksuk The man touted his professional bowling skills but
Eg:-She spent many weeks in hospital recovering his wife revealed that he only dabbles in the sport
from her injuries. occasionally.
 Respite (n) from - relief - jkgr  Deficient (adj) in -
Eg:-The tablets brought temporary respite from the not good enough, lacking - viw.kZ] deh
excruciating pain. Eg:-A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the
disease rickets.
Generally "On" preposition is used with  Diligent (adj) in -
these words. showing steady and earnest care and hard work -
 Comment (v) on - esgurh
To make a statement about someone or something Eg:-Their lawyer was extremely di ligent in
- fVIi.kh djuk preparing their case.
Eg:-He said nothing when asked to comment on  Excel (v) in -
the allegations. to be better than others - Js"B gksu k
 Deliberate (v) on - Eg:-She has always excelled in foreign languages.
to think about or discuss something very carefully  Experienced (adj) in -
in order to make a decision -fopkj djuk having knowledge or skill in a particular field -
Eg:-They deliberated on whether to continue with vuqHkoh
the talks. Eg:-She's highly experienced in software
 Depend on (v) - to rely on fuHkZj jguk development.
The community depends on the shipping industry  Indulge (v) in -
for its survival to allow (yourself) to have or do something as a

290
 special pleasure - fyIr gksuk something else - ,d le; ij gksuk
Eg:-They went into town to indulge in some serious Eg:-If the heavy rain had coincided with an extreme
shopping. high tide, serious flooding would have resulted.
 Interested (adj) in - wanting to learn more about  Compatible (adj) with - capable of existing
something or to become involved in something - together in harmony - vuqd wy
:ph Eg:-Such policies are not compatible with
Eg:-As a landowner, he was actively interested in democratic government.
agricultural improvements.  Compliant (adj) with - inclined to agree with
 Involved (adj) in - others - vkKkdkjh
connected with something - 'kkfey gksu k Eg:-By then, Rajan seemed less compliant with his
Eg:-We need to examine all the costs involved in wife's wishes than he had six months before.
the project first.  Conformity (n) with -
 Persist (v) in - the fact or state of agreeing with or obeying
to continue to occur or exist beyond the usual, something - vuqi kyu
expected, or normal time - yxs jguk Eg:-The procedure is in strict conformity with
Eg:-If you persist in upsetting her, I will have to standard international practices.
punish you.  Contrast (v) A with B - to be different especially in
 Persevere (v) in - a way that is very obvious - fo"ke
to continue doing something though it is difficult - Eg:-Her actions contrasted sharply with her
yxs jguk promises.
Eg:-Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered  Conversant (adj) with -
in their attempts to fly around the world in a to be familiar with - ifjfpr
balloon. Eg:-You need to become fully conversant with the
 Proficient (adj) in - company's procedures.
good at doing something - dq'ky  Cope (v) with - to endure something unpleasant -
Eg:-She's proficient in several languages lkeuk djuk
 Remiss (v) in - Eg:-He wasn't able to cope with the stresses and
not showing enough care and attention - csijokg strains of the job.
 Correspond (v) with/to -to be similar or equal to
Eg:-She's proficient in several languages
something - vuq: i
 Versed (adj) in -
Eg:-Your account of events does not correspond
skilled in something - fuiq.k
with hers.
Eg:-I'm not sufficiently versed in your language to
 Disgusted with - a feeling of revulsion or profound
understand what you're saying.
disapproval ?k`.kk
Generally "WITH" preposition is used  Intimacy (n) with - a state marked by emotional
with these words. closeness - vkReh;rk
 Acquaintance (n) with - Eg:-He enjoys an intimacy with the president.
someone who is known - tku igpku  Quarrel (n) with - to fight - yM+kbZ djuk
Eg:-I first met Simran in 2008 and struck up an Eg:-He had had a quarrel with his brother.
acquaintance with her.  Remonstrate (v) with - to disagree and argue or
 Afflicted (adj) with - caused pain or suffering - ihfM+r complain about something - izfrokn
Eg:-About 40 per cent of the country's population Eg:- The editor remonstrated with him about the
is afflicted with the disease. inaccuracies in the story.
 Alliance (n) with -  Sympathize (v) with - to feel sorry for someone
who is in a bad condition - lgkuqH kwfr j[kuk
a union or association - laf/k
I find it very hard to sympathize with him.
Eg:-They have alliances with other companies.
 Associated (adj) with - to combine or unite with ***
another for mutual benefit - lg;ksxh
Eg:-The conference will address the broad issues
associated with E-commerce.
 Busy (adj) with -
full of activity or work - O;Lr jguk
Eg:-The kids are busy with their homework.
 Clash (v) with -
a short fight - Vdjko
Eg:-Students clashed with police after
demonstrations at five universities.
 Coincide (v) with - to happen at the same time as

291
Walking in the park, he saw a snake.
Walking in the (a)/park, a snake bit him so (b)/we took him to
hospital.(c)/ne(d)

Walking in the (a)/park, a snake bit (b)/him so we took him to

hospital.(c)/ne(d)
Coming towards her (a)/husband, the glass of milk (b)/
slipped from her hands.(c)/ne(d)

Passing through (a)/the hall, a fan fell (b)/on his head.(c)/ne(d)

Being a studious student, Rohan cracked the exam very easily.

Being a destitute, (a)/Mr. Gupta gave (b)/him some money to buy

food.(c)/ne(d)
Being a rainy day, (a)/Rohan didn’t go to (b)/office yesterday.(c)/ne(d)

Being seriously ill, (a)/the doctor advised (b)/me to take rest.(c)/ne(d)

Being seriously ill, (a)/the doctor couldn’t (b)/go to hospital.(c)/ne(d)

Mr Sharma being an excellent teacher, (a)/ he explains all the

(b)/rules conceptually.(c)/ne(d)

Rohit being very brave, (a)/he confronted the thieves (b)/and

saved his family.(c)/ne(d)

Having rested for 2 hours, they started their journey again.

Having played for 5 hours, they went home.

Taking a bath, he went to office on his bike.

Writing a letter, he posted it to his grandmother.

Studying late at night, he fell asleep.

Everybody wants to praise/to be praised by their teachers.

I like buying/being bought new dresses.

I likes to teach/to be taught the students conceptually.

I don’t like punishing/being punished by my teachers.

They enjoy playing/being played video games.

He tried to crack/ to be cracked this exam.

He wants to select/to be selected in the team.

He repented buying/being bought that fake power bank.

Having taught, the students went home.

Having taught, the teacher went home.

Having arrested, the thief started crying.

Confused man:- ऐसा आदमी जो confused हो..

Confusing man:-ऐसा आदमी जो confuse कर दे ..

Horrifying man :- डरावना आदमी...

Horrified man :- डरा हुआ आदमी...

Our grandfather told us a horrified story yesterday.

The teacher asked him a confused question.

The children got afraid when they saw the horrified clown.
Please don’t take us not coming to the party in any wrong sense.

When we reached there, we found him sitting on the chair.

#Use gerund or nouns after these phrases or adjectives-

Look forward to, With a view to, In addition to,

Pay attention to, Conducive to, Accustomed to,
Prone to, Vulnerable to, Addicted to, Devoted to,
Indifferent to, Object to, Averse to, Opposed to,
(Prefer to) etc.
We are looking forward to meet you soon.

You came here with a view to insult me in front of my family.

Fast bowlers are prone to get injuries so they should take proper rest.

This type of climate is not conducive to grow cotton.

I prefer to study / studying at night.

I prefer tea to coffee.

I prefer singing to dancing.

They want to watch/watching movies.

They enjoy to watch/watching movies.

He repented to watch/watching the movies.

They refused to watch/watching movies.

They denied to watch/watching movies.

Action( main verb) Action( Semi verb)

1 2 ( use infinitive )

2 1 ( use gerund )

1 = 2 ( use gerund )
➢ Verbs that are followed by infinitive:- Seem, appear, decide, desire,
want, endeavor, stop, hurry, fail, happen, refuse, forget, remember,
promise, prove, etc.

➢ Verbs that are followed bye gerund:- detest, mind, resent, avoid,
stop, excuse, resist, miss, prevent, defer, delay, postpone, consider,
appreciate, admire, forget, forgive, recollect, remember, suggest,
risk, etc.
He seems to understand / understanding what we are doing.

She decided to join / joining Aman’s batch.

He desires to become / becoming a doctor.

They want to watch / watching a hollywood movie.

I will endeavour to do / doing my best for my country.

The kids hurried to open / opening their presents.

He failed to unlock / unlocking the door.

The officer promised to look into / looking into the matter.

I resent to talk / talking to her friends .

I detest to watch / watching a movie alone.

They avoid to go / going there at night because it is risky.

Please excuse my to interrupt / interrupting you.

She can’t resist to eat / eating sweets .

They prevented me to fall / from falling in her trap.

You should delay to go / going there because it is raining heavily.

You should consider to consult / consulting a doctor.

We appreciate your to help / helping us in the project .

Please forgive me to come / for coming late to the party.

I recollect him to say / saying that he saved your life.

I suggest to take / taking him to a doctor as soon as possible.

He forgot to have lunch and opened his lunch box again.

He forgot having lunch and remained hungry whole day.

I remember to call you when I was in Delhi

I remember calling him and will do so at 12 am.

He stopped smoking behind a shop so that his father can’t see him.

He stopped to smoke last year and he is healthy now.

They decided to go and to stay there.

They ordered us to speak the truth or to face the consequences.

It is better to study than to sit idle.

# Had better/ Had rather / Would better/ Would rather

के साथ bare infinitive का use होता है ...

They had better gone there by bus with Rajesh.

You would better not to lose this golden opportunity.

He would rather you win the race.

Do (forms) + nothing but + bare infinitive.
They did nothing but to watch / watch/ watching movies.

They want nothing but to sleep /sleeping peacefully.

We enjoy nothing but to watch / watching hollywood movies.

He decided nothing but to destroy / destroying his enemies.

‘Can’t help’ structure के बाद अगर But आये तो इसके बाद bare
infinitive का use होता है और अगर but ना आये तो Gerund का use होता है ...

We can’t help but to laugh/laugh/laughing at him.

We can’t help to laugh/laugh/laughing at him.

We saw him dancing.

We saw him dance.

Note:- Use bare infinitive after these verbs-

Let, Bid, Make, See, Notice, Feel, Hear, Smell,

have, Watch, Help etc.

We saw him to cross the road with his father.
They watched him to perform dangerous stunts.

We observed him carefully to collect evidence against him

My father won’t let me to go to Delhi alone.

I helped him cross the road.

I helped him to cross the road.

I helped him in crossing the road.

Causative verb:- Causative verb का use तब ककया जाता है जब कोई काम ककसी
दु सरे से करवाना हो, इसमें Agent ( जो कोई काम करवाता है ) के किए get/have/make
etc verbs का use ककया जाता है ..

1.The chairs have broken ( कुकसियाां टू ट चुकी है )

2.I have broken the chairs. ( मैंने कुकसियाां तोड़ दी है )

3.I have a broken chair. ( मेरे पास एक टू टी हुई कुसी है )

4.I have a chair broken. ( मैंने एक कुसी तुडवा दी है )

➢ 4th sentence में ‘I’ agent है और इसने कुसी तुडवाने का काम ककसी और से करवाया है.
इस sentence में ‘broken’ causative verb है
My mother made me clean the room

Sub + make/have + object + bare inf + obj of Bare inf

(agent) (real doer) (obj comp.)

Sub + get/have + object + past participle + by + real doer

(agent) (receiver) (obj comp.)

They got their car repaired

Rajat had the mechanic (a)/ to repair the car because his car (b)/
had started acting up in the middle of the journey.(c)/ne(d)

The principal (a)/ made the peon to ring (b)/ the bell.(c) /ne(d)

The principal (a)/ got the bell to ring (b)/ by the peon.(c) /ne(d)

Animals should (a)/have their teeth (b)/ to fill like humans.(c)/ne(d)

We got the (a)/ letters to deliver (b)/ to our relatives.(c) /ne(d)

Mahima told me (a)/that she had the (b)/equipment ship yesterday.(c)/ne

The coach made (a)/ the players to practise (b)/ very hard.(c)/ne(d)

Rajat will have (a)/ his son to admit in (b)/ one of the top colleges.(c)/ne
The players were made (a)/ practised hard (b)/ by the coach.(c)/ne(d)

He was (a)/ made apologise (b)/ for his mistake.(c)/ne(d)

He got (a)/ his friends invest (b)/ in his company.(c)/ne(d)

She got her (a)/ husband buy (b)/ a new bag for her.(c)/ne(d)
He claims (a)/ to find a cure (b)/ for Zika virus .(c)/ne(d)

He repented …………….. the hen.

(a) to kill (b) to be killing
(c) to have killed (d) killed

I never remember (a)/ to have met a more intelligent man in my life

This machine (a)/ needs to repair (b)/ as soon as possible(c). ne (d)

Our kitchen needs ……………...

(a) to paint (b) painting

(c) to be painted (d) painted
➢ Question tag में only 2 ही words use किये जायेंगे,
‘Helping verb + Pronoun’.

➢ Positive sentences िा question tag ‘negative’ बनेगा और

negative sentences िा question tag ‘positive’ बनेगा...

➢ Helping verb ‘contracted form’ में use िी जाएगी...

➢ Question tag उसी tense में बनेगा कजस tense में statement है ..

➢ These words, seldom, never, nothing, neither, none, little,

few, rarely, barely etc, make the statement negative.
Karan has given you a book,……………….?

They did not tell us anything about their parents,……..………..?

They visited Manali last year,……………….?

They seldom come here,…………………..?

Subject in statement Question tag

This/That It
These/Those They
One One
There There
One can solve all these questions easily,………………..?

This did not solve the problem ,……………….….?

That was the last movie of his career,………………...?

Those were extremely rich people,………………...?

There was a cow in the middle of the road,………………..?

One man can lift this box easily,……………………?

This boy has stolen your wallet,………………………..?

Subject in statement Question tag

‘each, either, neither,

none, no one, everybody,
somebody, nobody, everyone, They
someone, anybody, anyone,
all, any etc.

Each of the boys was given a toy which made them

extremely happy.
No one voted against the Jan Lokpal Bill,………………...?

Anybody can attend this class,………………………..?

Everybody reached there on time,……………………….…?

Each of them can speak English fluently,…………………….?

All of you were present there at the time of accident,…..…………..?

Neither of you can solve these questions,…………………….?

Each of us will try our best to save our friend,………………….?

Sub in statement Question tag

everything, anything,
nothing, something, etc’. It

I am Aren't I?
Dare/need – modal present in QT
Everything was well arranged at the party,…………....…..?

Nothing is visible owing to fog,……………….…?

I am your best friend,……………………..?

I am not your friend anymore,………………………?

He dare not speak against his father,………………….?

He does not dare to speak against his father,…………………?

He need not come tomorrow,……………………...?

Your grandfather used to tell me a lot of stories,……………………?

She used to go to a morning walk daily,……………………….?

Open the gate,……………………..…….?

Don’t open the gate,……………………………………?

Go there and wait for me,…………………..………….?

Keep your mouth shut,…………………………………?

Mind your own business,………………………..……...?

Let them study peacefully,………………………………..?

Let’s play cricket in the field,………………………………?

The principal ordered that all the teachers would
stay here ,……………………………...?

He asked them if they would attend the seminar,…………………….?

I think that you are right,…………………………..?

I believe that he is a doctor,………………………..?

He has a beautiful wife,………………………….?

He has a breakfast at 8 am daily,………………………..?

He should quit the job,…………………………….?

He should have quit the job,……………………………..?

He has studied English for 3 hours today……………………?

He has been studying since 7 am,………………………….?

We saw him cross the road with his father.

We ordered him to go away.

I met the boy who/that won the gold medal.

I want the bag which/that I saw at the trade fair.

Police rescued the boy who/whom the kidnappers

had tied him to a chair.

Superfluous - Correct word/words
Cousin brother/sister - Cousin
Consensus opinion - Consensus
Consort husband/wife - Consort
Final conclusion - Conclusion
Funeral service - Funeral
Mutual agreement - Agreement
Mutual friend - Common friend
Two twins - Twins
Superfluous - Correct word/words
Reason because - Reason that
Equally as good as - as good as
Family member - member of family
English teacher - teacher of English
Passing marks - Pass marks
Kindly requested - Kindly/please(Active voice)
Requested (Passive voice)
Supposing if - supposing or if
Suppose if - if
Freeship - Free studentship
Lecturership - Lectureship
Don't use "not" with Until, Unless, forbid, prohibit,
prevent, dissuade,deny, refuse etc.

Don't use “over” with these words like Over-ride,

Overturn, Overshadow, Overshoot, Overtop etc.

Don't use “again” with these words like Reborn,

Rebuild, Regain, Reiterate , Recast, Recall, Recede etc.

Don't use "back“ with these words like Return, Reimburse,

Retreat ,Recede, Recall, Recapitulate, Recast, Rewrite etc.
We had no other alternative but wait and watch.

Such acts must be condemned by all universally.

We have signed a mutual agreement with the other party.

We shall reach there at 7 am in the morning.

Please put your sign on the papers.

The passage must not exceed more than 400 words.

What was the final conclusion of the meeting?

Mr. Sharma is an English teacher.

Karan is our mutual friend so we should help him.

It was I who saw the spaceship at first.

Rahul and seema went to the hotel on yesterday.

You should not proceed forward now as it is very dark.

German armies returned back from the battle field to their camps.

This rice is not sufficient enough to feed all these boys.

The reason he does not like her is because she makes him fool.

I was not able to listen to your voice so could you repeat it again.
Einstein is known for a number of new innovations.

I will come to your office if you revert back me.

He could barely score passing marks.

Rajat is equally as good as Rohit if we compare their performances.

Supposing if he doesn't come what shall we do?

Suppose if he doesn't help us where will we go?

All family members got together at the party.

Mr. gupta married his daughters in rich families.

All the females of the family supported the decision.

As he was getting late, he got into a female coach of delhi metro.

The people living in foreign often miss their motherland.

If + ( Present Indefinite) + Future Indefinite

If + (V2 /Were+Noun /Had+Noun) + (Would/Could/Might + Vb)

If + (Had+V3) + ( Would/Could/Might+Have+V3 )
If you will come late, I will inform your parents.

If I were a millionaire, I will donate 50% of my wealth to the poor.

If he had wings, he would have flown to Pakistan.

If he had worked hard, he would pass the exam.

 1. Tense→ time

Verb → Verb forms-

2. Mood (Past subjunctive mood)

↓ ↓
V2 Had+V3
( Unreal imagination of present) ( Real imagination of past)
If he plays well, he will win the match. ( Open condition )
अगर वह बढ़िया खेलेगा तो मैच जीत जायेगा ( present की real imagination )

If he were Sachin, he would win the match. ( Semi-closed )

अगर वो Sachin हो तो मैच जीत जाये ( present की unreal imagination )

If he had played well, he would have won the match. ( Closed )

अगर वो बढ़िया खेला होता तो मैच जीत गया होता ( past की real imagination)
If you will come late, I will inform your parents.

If I were a millionaire, I will donate 50% of my wealth to the poor.

If he had wings, he would have flown to Pakistan.

If he had worked hard, he would pass the exam.

If he had (a)/money, he would have(b)/ helped us.(c)/ne

He will (a)/fly to Switzerland, (b)/if he had wings.(c)/ne

Had they come earlier, they would meet the Prime minister.

Were he a millionaire, he would have helped all the poor.

 Mixed conditional -1

If +(were + noun /had + noun/ V2 ) + would/could/might have +V3

He would have /escaped from the prison /that day if he had been a bird.

He would escape from the prison if he were a bird.

You would have/ got that job if you /had been an Englishman.

You would get the job if you were an Englishman.

 Mixed conditional -2

If + ( Had + V3 ) + would/could/might + Vb
If India had worked on its manufacturing sector earlier, it

would have been a developed country today.

I would not have been alive now if you had not saved me that day.
If he had applied the brakes in time, the accident could have averted.

The patient might have saved if the doctor had taken proper care.

If you have read this novel, please give it to me.

If she is preparing food right now, I will call her later.

Present indefinite + as if / as though + V2

Past indefinite + as if / as though + had + V3

He talks about the game as if he had played at national level.

She behaved in such an arrogant manner as thought she is our boss.

He shouted in such a loud voice as if he had been a lion.

He behaves as if he is / were mad.
I wish, I have/had/had had money.

I wish, I have/had/had had money when my sister got married.

I wish, I have learnt/learnt/had learnt English when I was in school.

I wish, I…………..what………...wrong with my car.

(a) knew, is (b) knew, was (c) had known, was (d) know, is
Why do we use passive voice?
Active voice:- (Subject=Doer) Be verb:-

Passive voice (Be+v3 ) :- (Subject =Receiver) →Is/Am/Are

→Was/Were
Mohan bought a car.
→Been

→Being
A car was bought by Mohan.
❖ If the doer is not known

➢ His car was stolen yesterday.

➢ Bronze was discovered around 3500 BC.

❖ If the doer is obvious….

➢ The thieves were arrested yesterday.

➢ English is spoken all over the world.

❖ If the doer is irrelevant….

➢ Your application has been rejected.

➢ Your account is verified now.

❖ Avoid Responsibility

➢ These Stains can’t be removed .

➢ This T.V. can’t be repaired.

❖ Legal statements

➢ Trespassers will be punished.

➢ Eatables are not allowed inside metro.

❖ To lay stress on the receiver

Active voice:- Mohan stole a car.

Passive voice:- A car was stolen by Mohan .

 Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect cont.
Present V1 or Is/am/are+ Has/have + Has/have+
Do/does+Vb V1+ing V3 been+V1+ing

Past V2 or Did + Was/were + Had + Had +

Vb V1 + ing V3 been + V1 + ing

Future Will/Shall + Will/shall + Will/shall+ Will/shall + have

Vb be + V1 +ing have+V3 + been+V1+ing
Mohan has completed the task.

Shalini was singing a song.

He teaches English at AVSEC.

She has been sleeping for the last 2hours.

He is playing cricket with his father.

Mohan solved all the questions very easily.

He had brought the medicines before his mother called him.

I will help you in the project.

He will have finished the assignment by the time you come back.
Present Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect cont

Active V1 or Is/am/are+ Has/have + Has/have+

Do/does+V1 V1+ing V3 been+V1+ing
Passive Is /am /are +v3 Is/am/are+ Has/have Passive not
being+v3 +been+v3 possible
Active V2 or Did + V1 Was/were + V1 Had + V3 Had + been +
+ ing V1 + ing
Passive Was/were +v3 Was/were+ Had+been+v3 Passive not
being+v3 possible
Active Will/Shall + V1 Will/shall + Will/shall+ Will/shall + have+
be + V1 +ing have+V3 been+V1+ing
Passive Will/Shall + be Passive not Will/shall+ Passive not
+v3 possible have+been+v3 possible
Mohan plays cricket.
Mohan is playing cricket.
Mohan has played cricket.

Mohan has been playing cricket.

Mohan played cricket.

Mohan was playing cricket.

Mohan had played cricket before his father came.

Mohan had been playing cricket.

Mohan will play cricket.

Mohan will be playing cricket.

Mohan will have played cricket before you come.

Mohan will have been playing cricket when she comes

Assertive Sentence :-

Rajesh doesn't scold his son.

I did not complete the task.

He would have never made this mistake.

You should have never supported them.

The principal has called you as well as your friend.

I want a car with alloy wheels.

Police arrested Ranga besides 5 other criminals.

They killed the ferocious lion with a spear.

Reporters were following the boy who had won the gold medal.

1.The boy was being followed by reporters who had won the gold medal.

2.Reporters were being followed by the boy who had won the gold medal.

3.The boy who had won the gold medal was following reporters.

4.The boy who had won the gold medal was being followed by reporters.
He lent me some money.

Rajesh told us an interesting story.

Interrogative Sentence :-

Have you completed your assignment?

Does he punish you?

Who sent these letters?

Who killed the king?

What is making you nervous?

What did he do?

Which movie are you watching?

Which boy has broken this window?

Whom should I not select in the team?

How can we shift this sofa to the other room?

Does he make you clean the room?

Will you make him sign the contract?

Imperative Sentence :-
Shut the door.

Open this box.

Obey your teachers.

Respect your elders.

Please teach us.

Please help us.

Imperative (Intransitive) Sentence :-

Shut up.

Go away.
Please Keep quiet.

Please don’t speak loudly.

Work hard.

Study well.
Let him study.

Let him play.

Let him sing a song.

Let him deliver the letter.

Let's play.

Let's sing.
Let us complete the work.
Let us solve this puzzle.
Miscellaneous Sentences :-

We have to complete the task.

He has to repair this car.

He is to clean the room.

They are to help me.

It is time to play cricket.

It is time to release the prisoner.

We are going to buy a car.

He is going to teach you.

He is to blame.
There is nothing to do.

There is nothing to eat.

There are 5 cars to repair.

There are no doctors to treat.

There are some patients to treat.

There are 5 teachers to teach.

I want you to do this task.

They want me to solve the questions.

Nobody wants others to insult him.

I don’t want you to help me.

She likes her teachers praising her.

I don't like him scolding me all the time.

Get this car repaired.

Have this sofa cleaned.

He said that Rajesh would join Aman's batch.

He doesn't understand what you are saying.

They expect to win the match.
I want to play cricket.
We asked him to wait outside.

They ordered him to go away.

Sugar tastes sweet.

Ice feels cold.

You should look after your parents.

A bus ran over the little child.

We know him very well.

This activity doesn't interest me.

Voice- ssc cpo 22 mains
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

My son learns his lessons every day.

1. His lessons got learnt every day by my son.

2. His lessons is learnt by my son every day.
3. His lessons do learn every day by my son.
4. His lessons are learnt by my son every day.
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

My son learns his lessons every day.

1. His lessons got learnt every day by my son.

2. His lessons is learnt by my son every day.
3. His lessons do learn every day by my son.
4. His lessons are learnt by my son every day.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
I was invited by my aunt.

1. My aunt invited me.

2. My aunt will invite me.
3. My aunt has invited me.
4. My aunt is inviting me.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
I was invited by my aunt.

1. My aunt invited me.

2. My aunt will invite me.
3. My aunt has invited me.
4. My aunt is inviting me.
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Pay the electricity bill for the month of April.

1. The electricity bill for the month of April has to be paid.

2. We should pay the electricity bill for the month of April.
3. Let us pay the electricity bill for the month of April.
4. Let the electricity bill for the month of April be paid
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Pay the electricity bill for the month of April.

1. The electricity bill for the month of April has to be paid.

2. We should pay the electricity bill for the month of April.
3. Let us pay the electricity bill for the month of April.
4. Let the electricity bill for the month of April be paid.
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Could you share your car keys?

1. Could your car keys be shared by you?

2. Could your car keys be share by you?
3. Can your car keys be shared by you?
4. Could your car keys shared by you?
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Could you share your car keys?

1. Could your car keys be shared by you?

2. Could your car keys be share by you?
3. Can your car keys be shared by you?
4. Could your car keys shared by you?
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Nick won the lottery.

1. The lottery was won by Nick.

2. The lottery has been win by Nick.
3. The lottery is won by Nick.
4. The lottery is being won by Nick.
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Nick won the lottery.

1. The lottery was won by Nick.

2. The lottery has been win by Nick.
3. The lottery is won by Nick.
4. The lottery is being won by Nick.
Q6. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

My brother has sent me a message.

1. A message has been sent to me by my brother.

2. I have been sent a message to by my brother.
3. A message have been sent to me.
4. A message was sent to me by my brother.
Q6. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

My brother has sent me a message.

1. A message has been sent to me by my brother.

2. I have been sent a message to by my brother.
3. A message have been sent to me.
4. A message was sent to me by my brother.
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Have you written the right answer?

1. Has the right answer been written by you?

2. Was the right answer been written by you?
3. Have the right answer been written by you?
4. Has the right answer being written by you?
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Have you written the right answer?

1. Has the right answer been written by you?

2. Was the right answer been written by you?
3. Have the right answer been written by you?
4. Has the right answer being written by you?
Q8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The man was repairing the tyres of his car.

1. The tyres of his car was being repaired by the man.

2. The tyres of his car were being repaired by the man.
3. The tyres of his car were been repaired by the man.
4. The tyres of his car were repaired by the man.
Q8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The man was repairing the tyres of his car.

1. The tyres of his car was being repaired by the man.

2. The tyres of his car were being repaired by the man.
3. The tyres of his car were been repaired by the man.
4. The tyres of his car were repaired by the man.
Q9. Our maid will clean the house every Saturday from today
onwards.
1. The house shall be cleaned by our maid every Saturday from
today onwards
2. The house will be cleaned by our maid every Saturday from
today onwards.
3. The house will have been cleaned by our maid every
Saturday from today onwards.
4. The house will be cleaning by our maid every Saturday from
today onwards
Q9. Our maid will clean the house every Saturday from today
onwards.
1. The house shall be cleaned by our maid every Saturday from
today onwards
2. The house will be cleaned by our maid every Saturday from
today onwards.
3. The house will have been cleaned by our maid every
Saturday from today onwards.
4. The house will be cleaning by our maid every Saturday from
today onwards
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Let us donate the money.

1. We are told to donate the money.

2. Let the money is donated by us.
3. Let the money be donated by us.
4. The money was donated by us
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Let us donate the money.

1. We are told to donate the money.

2. Let the money is donated by us.
3. Let the money be donated by us.
4. The money was donated by us
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

A new invention has been made by him.

1. He was making a new invention.

2. He had been making a new invention.
3. He has made a new invention.
4. He were making a new invention.
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

A new invention has been made by him.

1. He was making a new invention.

2. He had been making a new invention.
3. He has made a new invention.
4. He were making a new invention.
Q12. Tejaswi had been offered a huge amount by the publisher
last year for translating the work.
1. A huge amount had been offered to Tejaswi by the publisher
last year for translating the work.
2. The publisher offered Tejaswi a huge amount last year for
translating the work.
3. The publisher had offered Tejaswi a huge amount last year
for translating the work.
4. The publisher had to offer Tejaswi a huge amount last year
for translating the work.
Q12. Tejaswi had been offered a huge amount by the publisher
last year for translating the work.
1. A huge amount had been offered to Tejaswi by the publisher
last year for translating the work.
2. The publisher offered Tejaswi a huge amount last year for
translating the work.
3. The publisher had offered Tejaswi a huge amount last year
for translating the work.
4. The publisher had to offer Tejaswi a huge amount last year
for translating the work.
Q13. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The tiger killed a deer.

1. A deer had been killed by the tiger

2. A deer was killed by the tiger.
3. A deer has been killed by the tiger.
4. The deer was killed by a tiger
Q13. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The tiger killed a deer.

1. A deer had been killed by the tiger

2. A deer was killed by the tiger.
3. A deer has been killed by the tiger.
4. The deer was killed by a tiger
Q14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Lata has committed a heinous crime.

1. A heinous crime have been committed by Lata.

2. A heinous crime has been committed by Lata.
3. A heinous crime was committed by Lata.
4. A heinous crime was being committed by Lata
Q14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Lata has committed a heinous crime.

1. A heinous crime have been committed by Lata.

2. A heinous crime has been committed by Lata.
3. A heinous crime was committed by Lata.
4. A heinous crime was being committed by Lata
Q15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

Will the car be driven by Mannat in the race?

1. Will in the race Mannat drive the car?

2. Will Mannat drive the car in the race?
3. Will Mannat be driving the car in the race?
4. In the race, will Mannat drive the car?
Q15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

Will the car be driven by Mannat in the race?

1. Will in the race Mannat drive the car?

2. Will Mannat drive the car in the race?
3. Will Mannat be driving the car in the race?
4. In the race, will Mannat drive the car?
Q16. Rekha was very fascinated by the solitude offered by the
hillside.
1. The solitude offered by the hillside fascinated Rekha very
much.
2. The solitude offered by the hillside was fascinating Rekha
very much.
3. The solitude was offering Rekha the hillside fascination very
much.
4. The solitude was offered by the hillside fascinating Rekha
very much
Q16. Rekha was very fascinated by the solitude offered by the
hillside.
1. The solitude offered by the hillside fascinated Rekha very
much.
2. The solitude offered by the hillside was fascinating Rekha
very much.
3. The solitude was offering Rekha the hillside fascination very
much.
4. The solitude was offered by the hillside fascinating Rekha
very much
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

One must adopt a life of self-control.

1. A life of self-control was adopted by one.

2. A life of self-control must be adopted by one.
3. A life of self-control will be adopted by one.
4. A life of self-control has adopted by one
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

One must adopt a life of self-control.

1. A life of self-control was adopted by one.

2. A life of self-control must be adopted by one.
3. A life of self-control will be adopted by one.
4. A life of self-control has adopted by one
Q18. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

I have not discouraged him from doing anything.

1. He had not been discouraged from doing anything by me.

2. He is not discouraging from doing anything by me.
3. He has not been discouraged from doing anything by me.
4. He has not discouraged from doing anything by me
Q18. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

I have not discouraged him from doing anything.

1. He had not been discouraged from doing anything by me.

2. He is not discouraging from doing anything by me.
3. He has not been discouraged from doing anything by me.
4. He has not discouraged from doing anything by me
Q19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Sita made gulab jamuns.

1. Gulab jamuns made Sita.

2. Gulab jamuns was made by Sita.
3. Gulab jamuns were made by Sita.
4. Gulab jamun is made by Sita.
Q19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Sita made gulab jamuns.

1. Gulab jamuns made Sita.

2. Gulab jamuns was made by Sita.
3. Gulab jamuns were made by Sita.
4. Gulab jamun is made by Sita.
Q20. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Rahim was writing a letter.

1. A letter was written by Rahim

2. A letter was being written by Rahim.
3. Rahim had been writing a letter.
4. A letter did Rahim write.
Q20. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Rahim was writing a letter.

1. A letter was written by Rahim

2. A letter was being written by Rahim.
3. Rahim had been writing a letter.
4. A letter did Rahim write.
Q21. A machine had been developed by Dr. John Gibbon in the
US after twenty years.
1. Dr. John Gibbon was developing a machine in the US after
twenty years.
2. Dr. John Gibbon developed a machine in the US after twenty
years.
3. Dr. John Gibbon has developed a machine in the US after
twenty years.
4. Dr. John Gibbon had developed a machine in the US after
twenty years
Q21. A machine had been developed by Dr. John Gibbon in the
US after twenty years.
1. Dr. John Gibbon was developing a machine in the US after
twenty years.
2. Dr. John Gibbon developed a machine in the US after twenty
years.
3. Dr. John Gibbon has developed a machine in the US after
twenty years.
4. Dr. John Gibbon had developed a machine in the US after
twenty years
Q22. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
It was found that my shoes were cleaned.

1.It was found that somebody had cleaned my shoes

2. I found that somebody had cleaned my shoes
3. Somebody found out that he had cleaned my shoes
4. Someone found my shoes cleaned.
Q22. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
It was found that my shoes were cleaned.

1.It was found that somebody had cleaned my shoes

2. I found that somebody had cleaned my shoes
3. Somebody found out that he had cleaned my shoes
4. Someone found my shoes cleaned.
Q23. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
The cat was hit with a bat.

1. Somebody has hit the cat by bat.

2. Somebody had hit the cat with a bat.
3. Somebody hit the cat with a bat.
4. Somebody hits the cat with a bat.
Q23. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
The cat was hit with a bat.

1. Somebody has hit the cat by bat.

2. Somebody had hit the cat with a bat.
3. Somebody hit the cat with a bat.
4. Somebody hits the cat with a bat.
Q24. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

When did you call me?

1. When have I called by you ?

2. When was I called by you?
3. When was you called by me?
4. When were you called by me?
Q24. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

When did you call me?

1. When have I called by you ?

2. When was I called by you?
3. When was you called by me?
4. When were you called by me?
Voice- ssc steno 22
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

Because of his caring nature he is appreciated by all.

1. Because of his caring nature all appreciate him.

2. Because of his caring nature everyone appreciate him.
3. Because of his caring nature all will appreciate him.
4. Because of his caring nature all appreciated him.
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

Because of his caring nature he is appreciated by all.

1. Because of his caring nature all appreciate him.

2. Because of his caring nature everyone appreciate him.
3. Because of his caring nature all will appreciate him.
4. Because of his caring nature all appreciated him.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Ajit does not help me with my homework.

1. I am not help by Ajit with my homework.

2. I am not helped by Ajit with my homework.
3. I am helped by Ajit with my homework.
4. I am help by Ajit with my homework.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Ajit does not help me with my homework.

1. I am not help by Ajit with my homework.

2. I am not helped by Ajit with my homework.
3. I am helped by Ajit with my homework.
4. I am help by Ajit with my homework.
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Neena will visit Greece in May.

1. Greece had been visited by Neena in May.

2. Greece has been visited by Neena in May.
3. Greece will be visited by Neena in May.
4. Greece will visit Neena in May.
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Neena will visit Greece in May.

1. Greece had been visited by Neena in May.

2. Greece has been visited by Neena in May.
3. Greece will be visited by Neena in May.
4. Greece will visit Neena in May.
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

By whom was Hindi taught to you?

1. By whom were you taught Hindi?

2. Who teaches you Hindi?
3. Who taught you Hindi?
4. Who were you taught Hindi by?
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

By whom was Hindi taught to you?

1. By whom were you taught Hindi?

2. Who teaches you Hindi?
3. Who taught you Hindi?
4. Who were you taught Hindi by?
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Throw the jacket.

1. Let us throw the jacket

2. The jacket was thrown by you.
3. Let the jacket be thrown.
4. The jacket must thrown by you
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Throw the jacket.

1. Let us throw the jacket

2. The jacket was thrown by you.
3. Let the jacket be thrown.
4. The jacket must thrown by you
Q6. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
People say Shyam is wise and honest.

1. It is believed that Shyam is wise and honest.

2. Let’s say that Shyam is wise and honest.
3. Shyam is wise and honest is said by people.
4. It is said that Shyam is wise and honest.
Q6. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
People say Shyam is wise and honest.

1. It is believed that Shyam is wise and honest.

2. Let’s say that Shyam is wise and honest.
3. Shyam is wise and honest is said by people.
4. It is said that Shyam is wise and honest.
Q7. They were watching a movie on TV when their friends
came.
1. A movie on TV was watching by them when their friends
came.
2. A movie on TV was being watched by them when their
friends came.
3. When their friends came, a movie on TV was watched by
them.
4. A movie on TV is being watched by them when their
friend came
Q7. They were watching a movie on TV when their friends
came.
1. A movie on TV was watching by them when their friends
came.
2. A movie on TV was being watched by them when their
friends came.
3. When their friends came, a movie on TV was watched by
them.
4. A movie on TV is being watched by them when their
friend came
Q8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Tigers look after their cubs till they can hunt on their own.

1. Till cubs can hunt on their own, tigers look at them.

2. Cubs are looked after by tigers till they can hunt on their
own.
3. Cubs are looked by tigers till they can hunt on their own.
4. After cubs can hunt on their own, tigers do not look them.
Q8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Tigers look after their cubs till they can hunt on their own.

1. Till cubs can hunt on their own, tigers look at them.

2. Cubs are looked after by tigers till they can hunt on their
own.
3. Cubs are looked by tigers till they can hunt on their own.
4. After cubs can hunt on their own, tigers do not look them.
Q9. My mother will bake two dozen cookies for the bake
sale.
1. Two dozen cookies shall be baked by my mother for the
bake sale.
2. Two dozen cookies will be baked by my mother for the
bake sale.
3. Two dozen cookies will baked by my mother for the bake
sale.
4. Two dozen cookies will have been baked by my mother
for the bake sale.
Q9. My mother will bake two dozen cookies for the bake
sale.
1. Two dozen cookies shall be baked by my mother for the
bake sale.
2. Two dozen cookies will be baked by my mother for the
bake sale.
3. Two dozen cookies will baked by my mother for the bake
sale.
4. Two dozen cookies will have been baked by my mother
for the bake sale.
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
They will send Madhu away to a boarding school.

1. Madhu will be sent away to a boarding school by them.

2. Madhu will send away to a boarding school by them.
3. Madhu shall be sent away to a boarding school by them.
4. Madhu will have been sent away to a boarding school by
them.
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
They will send Madhu away to a boarding school.

1. Madhu will be sent away to a boarding school by them.

2. Madhu will send away to a boarding school by them.
3. Madhu shall be sent away to a boarding school by them.
4. Madhu will have been sent away to a boarding school by
them.
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
The poor cat was brutally chased by the kids.

1. The kids brutally chase the poor cat.

2. The kids did brutally chased the poor cat.
3. The kids were brutally chasing the poor cat.
4. The kids brutally chased the poor cat.
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
The poor cat was brutally chased by the kids.

1. The kids brutally chase the poor cat.

2. The kids did brutally chased the poor cat.
3. The kids were brutally chasing the poor cat.
4. The kids brutally chased the poor cat.
Q12. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Rick was completing graduation last year.

1. Graduation is being completed by Rick last year.

2. Graduation was being completed by Rick last year.
3. Graduation were completed by Rick last year.
4. Graduation was completed by Rick last year
Q12. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Rick was completing graduation last year.

1. Graduation is being completed by Rick last year.

2. Graduation was being completed by Rick last year.
3. Graduation were completed by Rick last year.
4. Graduation was completed by Rick last year
Q13. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

People consider that Radha is creative in her work.

1. Radha’s creativity in her work is considered by others.

2. It is considered that Radha is creative in her work.
3. Creativity in work by Radha is considered by people.
4. People have considered Radha’s creativity in her work.
Q13. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

People consider that Radha is creative in her work.

1. Radha’s creativity in her work is considered by others.

2. It is considered that Radha is creative in her work.
3. Creativity in work by Radha is considered by people.
4. People have considered Radha’s creativity in her work.
Q14. The police had caught the thief on the day before
yesterday.
1. The thief has been caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
2. The thief had been caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
3. The thief was being caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
4. The thief had caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
Q14. The police had caught the thief on the day before
yesterday.
1. The thief has been caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
2. The thief had been caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
3. The thief was being caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
4. The thief had caught by the police on the day before
yesterday.
Q15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

I will finish this book in a month.

1. This book would be finished by me in a month.

2. This book will be finished by me in a month.
3. Will be book finish by me in a month.
4. Will this book be finished by me in a month?
Q15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

I will finish this book in a month.

1. This book would be finished by me in a month.

2. This book will be finished by me in a month.
3. Will be book finish by me in a month.
4. Will this book be finished by me in a month?
Q16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

The poor fellow was laughed at by the crowd.

1. The crowd was laughed at the poor fellow.

2. The crowd had laughed at the poor fellow.
3. The crowd is laughed at the poor fellow.
4. The crowd laughed at the poor fellow.
Q16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

The poor fellow was laughed at by the crowd.

1. The crowd was laughed at the poor fellow.

2. The crowd had laughed at the poor fellow.
3. The crowd is laughed at the poor fellow.
4. The crowd laughed at the poor fellow.
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Priya washes her clothes in the evening.

1. The clothes was washed by Priya in the evening.

2. The clothes are washed by Priya in the evening.
3. The clothes is washed by Priya in the evening.
4. The clothes were washed by Priya in the evening.
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Priya washes her clothes in the evening.

1. The clothes was washed by Priya in the evening.

2. The clothes are washed by Priya in the evening.
3. The clothes is washed by Priya in the evening.
4. The clothes were washed by Priya in the evening.
Q18. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The mother loves the baby.

1. The baby was loved by the mother.

2. The baby will be loved by the mother.
3. The baby has been loved by the mother.
4. The baby is loved by the mother.
Q18. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The mother loves the baby.

1. The baby was loved by the mother.

2. The baby will be loved by the mother.
3. The baby has been loved by the mother.
4. The baby is loved by the mother.
Q19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

You will be given a ticket by the manager.

1. A ticket will be given to you by the manager.

2. The manager will give you a ticket.
3. The ticket was given to you by the manager.
4. The manager should give you a ticket.
Q19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

You will be given a ticket by the manager.

1. A ticket will be given to you by the manager.

2. The manager will give you a ticket.
3. The ticket was given to you by the manager.
4. The manager should give you a ticket.
Q20. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

People say Shyam is wise and honest.

1. It is said that Shyam is wise and honest.

2. Let’s say that Shyam is wise and honest.
3. Shyam is wise and honest is said by people.
4. It is believed that Shyam is wise and honest
Q20. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

People say Shyam is wise and honest.

1. It is said that Shyam is wise and honest.

2. Let’s say that Shyam is wise and honest.
3. Shyam is wise and honest is said by people.
4. It is believed that Shyam is wise and honest
Q21. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Aspirations give us the clarity of our goals.

1. The clarity of our goals has been given by aspirations.

2. The clarity is given of our goals by aspirations.
3. The clarity of our goals are given by aspirations.
4. The clarity of our goals is given by aspirations
Q21. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Aspirations give us the clarity of our goals.

1. The clarity of our goals has been given by aspirations.

2. The clarity is given of our goals by aspirations.
3. The clarity of our goals are given by aspirations.
4. The clarity of our goals is given by aspirations.
Q22. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

I will help you in submitting the assignment.

1. You will help by me in submitting the assignment.

2. In submitting the assignment, I will be helped by you.
3. In submitting the assignment, you would be helped by me.
4. You will be helped by me in submitting the assignment.
Q22. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

I will help you in submitting the assignment.

1. You will help by me in submitting the assignment.

2. In submitting the assignment, I will be helped by you.
3. In submitting the assignment, you would be helped by me.
4. You will be helped by me in submitting the assignment.
Q23. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The mechanic will repair the bicycle on Sunday.

1. The bicycle will repaired by the mechanic on Sunday.

2. The bicycle will be repaired by the mechanic on Sunday.
3. The bicycle will be repairing by the mechanic on Sunday.
4. The bicycle would be repaired by the mechanic on Sunday
Q23. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The mechanic will repair the bicycle on Sunday.

1. The bicycle will repaired by the mechanic on Sunday.

2. The bicycle will be repaired by the mechanic on Sunday.
3. The bicycle will be repairing by the mechanic on Sunday.
4. The bicycle would be repaired by the mechanic on Sunday
Q24. An unexpected call disturbed Maria terribly which
compelled her to stop the performance.

1. Maria was disturbed terribly by an unexpected call which

compelled her to stop the performance.
2. Maria could be disturbed terribly by an unexpected call
which compelled her to stop the performance.
3. Maria disturbed terribly by an unexpected call which
compelled her to stop the performance.
4. Maria had been disturbed terribly by an unexpected call
which compelled her to stop the performance.
Q24. An unexpected call disturbed Maria terribly which
compelled her to stop the performance.

1. Maria was disturbed terribly by an unexpected call which

compelled her to stop the performance.
2. Maria could be disturbed terribly by an unexpected call
which compelled her to stop the performance.
3. Maria disturbed terribly by an unexpected call which
compelled her to stop the performance.
4. Maria had been disturbed terribly by an unexpected call
which compelled her to stop the performance.
Q25. The supermarket may declare a weekend offer for all
the food items.

1. A weekend offer may have been declared by the

supermarket for all the food items.
2. A weekend offer would be declared by the supermarket
for all the food items.
3. A weekend offer may be declared by the supermarket for
all the food items.
4. A weekend offer may declare by the supermarket for all
the food items.
Q25. The supermarket may declare a weekend offer for all
the food items.

1. A weekend offer may have been declared by the

supermarket for all the food items.
2. A weekend offer would be declared by the supermarket
for all the food items.
3. A weekend offer may be declared by the supermarket for
all the food items.
4. A weekend offer may declare by the supermarket for all
the food items.
Q26. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The two old queens are signing the treaty today.

1. The treaty is signing by the two old queens today.

2. The treaty is going to be signed by the two old queens
today.
3. The treaty is being signed by the two old queens today.
4. The treaty is signed by the two old queens today
Q26. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The two old queens are signing the treaty today.

1. The treaty is signing by the two old queens today.

2. The treaty is going to be signed by the two old queens
today.
3. The treaty is being signed by the two old queens today.
4. The treaty is signed by the two old queens today.
Q27. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
My friend did not steal my money.

1. My friend was not stolen by my money.

2. My money has not been stolen by my friend.
3. My money is stolen by my friend.
4. My money was not stolen by my friend.
Q27. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
My friend did not steal my money.

1. My friend was not stolen by my money.

2. My money has not been stolen by my friend.
3. My money is stolen by my friend.
4. My money was not stolen by my friend.
Q28. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Reena is attending a seminar online.

1. The seminar were attended by Reena online.

2. The seminar is being attended by Reena online.
3. The seminar was being attended by Reena online.
4. The seminar was to be attended by Reena online
Q28. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Reena is attending a seminar online.

1. The seminar were attended by Reena online.

2. The seminar is being attended by Reena online.
3. The seminar was being attended by Reena online.
4. The seminar was to be attended by Reena online
Q29. John bought sweets at the store when he visited
yesterday.
1. Sweets were to be bought by John at the store when he
visited yesterday.
2. Sweets were bought by John at the store when he visited
yesterday.
3. Sweets were being bought by John at the store when he
visited yesterday.
4. Sweets are bought by John at the store when he visited
yesterday
Q29. John bought sweets at the store when he visited
yesterday.
1. Sweets were to be bought by John at the store when he
visited yesterday.
2. Sweets were bought by John at the store when he visited
yesterday.
3. Sweets were being bought by John at the store when he
visited yesterday.
4. Sweets are bought by John at the store when he visited
yesterday
Q30. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
I learnt a great lesson from my failure.

1. A great lesson is learnt by me from my failure.

2. A great lesson was learnt by me from my failure.
3. A great lesson is being learnt by me from my failure.
4. A great lesson learnt by me from my failure.
Q30. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
I learnt a great lesson from my failure.

1. A great lesson is learnt by me from my failure.

2. A great lesson was learnt by me from my failure.
3. A great lesson is being learnt by me from my failure.
4. A great lesson learnt by me from my failure.
Q31. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

These kinds of stories are written by Peter.

1. Peter writes these kinds of stories.

2. Peter has written these kinds of stories.
3. Peter can write these kinds of stories.
4. Peter write these kinds of stories.
Q31. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

These kinds of stories are written by Peter.

1. Peter writes these kinds of stories.

2. Peter has written these kinds of stories.
3. Peter can write these kinds of stories.
4. Peter write these kinds of stories.
Q32. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
I bade him write the composition twice.

1. He was bid to write the composition twice.

2. He was baden to write the composition twice.
3. He was bade to write the composition twice.
4. He was bidden to write the composition twice.
Q32. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
I bade him write the composition twice.

1. He was bid to write the composition twice.

2. He was baden to write the composition twice.
3. He was bade to write the composition twice.
4. He was bidden to write the composition twice.
Q33. Somebody sent him a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration.
1. He was sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration by someone.
2. He was been sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration someone.
3. He sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his remuneration
someone.
4. He is sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration someone.
Q33. Somebody sent him a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration.
1. He was sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration by someone.
2. He was been sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration someone.
3. He sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his remuneration
someone.
4. He is sent a cheque for a hundred euros as his
remuneration someone.
Q34. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Mandeep has repaired the truck.

1. The truck had been repaired by Mandeep.

2. The truck is been repaired by Mandeep.
3. The truck has been repaired by Mandeep.
4. The truck have been repaired by Mandeep.
Q34. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Mandeep has repaired the truck.

1. The truck had been repaired by Mandeep.

2. The truck is been repaired by Mandeep.
3. The truck has been repaired by Mandeep.
4. The truck have been repaired by Mandeep.
Q35. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Sherin is waiting for her friend.

1. Her friend is waiting for Sherin.

2. Her friend will be waiting for Sherin.
3. Her friend has been waiting for Sherin.
4. Her friend is being waited for by Sherin.
Q35. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Sherin is waiting for her friend.

1. Her friend is waiting for Sherin.

2. Her friend will be waiting for Sherin.
3. Her friend has been waiting for Sherin.
4. Her friend is being waited for by Sherin.
Q36. The wedding planner is making all the reservations and
arrangements in advance.

1. All the reservations and arrangements are to be made by the

wedding planner in advance.
2. All the reservations and arrangements are being made by the
wedding planner in advance.
3. All the reservations and arrangements are being making by
the wedding planner in advance.
4. All the reservations and arrangements are made by the
wedding planner in advance.
Q36. The wedding planner is making all the reservations and
arrangements in advance.

1. All the reservations and arrangements are to be made by the

wedding planner in advance.
2. All the reservations and arrangements are being made by the
wedding planner in advance.
3. All the reservations and arrangements are being making by
the wedding planner in advance.
4. All the reservations and arrangements are made by the
wedding planner in advance.
Q37. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
Hopefully, the match will be won by our team.

1. Hopefully, our team will have win the match.

2. Hopefully, our team will win the match.
3. Hopefully, our team will be winning the match.
4. Hopefully, our team will be win the match.
Q37. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
Hopefully, the match will be won by our team.

1. Hopefully, our team will have win the match.

2. Hopefully, our team will win the match.
3. Hopefully, our team will be winning the match.
4. Hopefully, our team will be win the match.
Q38. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

The painting was done by his son.

1. His son is doing the painting.

2. His son did the painting.
3. The painting was completed by his son.
4. The painting was his son work.
Q38. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

The painting was done by his son.

1. His son is doing the painting.

2. His son did the painting.
3. The painting was completed by his son.
4. The painting was his son work.
Q39. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The lifeguard rescued Molly and her family.

1. Molly and her family were rescued by a lifeguard.

2. Molly and her family were being rescued by a lifeguard.
3. Molly and her family is rescued by a lifeguard.
4. Molly and her family was rescued by a lifeguard
Q39. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The lifeguard rescued Molly and her family.

1. Molly and her family were rescued by a lifeguard.

2. Molly and her family were being rescued by a lifeguard.
3. Molly and her family is rescued by a lifeguard.
4. Molly and her family was rescued by a lifeguard
Q40. The earthquake had devastated the village beyond
imagination.
1. The village had devastated by the earthquake beyond
imagination.
2. The village had been devastated beyond imagination by
the earthquake.
3. The village was devastated by the earthquake beyond
imagination.
4. The village has been devastated by the earthquake beyond
imagination
Q40. The earthquake had devastated the village beyond
imagination.
1. The village had devastated by the earthquake beyond
imagination.
2. The village had been devastated beyond imagination by
the earthquake.
3. The village was devastated by the earthquake beyond
imagination.
4. The village has been devastated by the earthquake beyond
imagination
Q41. I am recognised for my contribution to the academic
world.

1. People recognised me for my contribution to the academic

world.
2. People recognise me for my contribution to the academic
world.
3. People recognise me for their contribution to the academic
world.
4. I recognise for my contribution to the academic world.
Q41. I am recognised for my contribution to the academic
world.

1. People recognised me for my contribution to the academic

world.
2. People recognise me for my contribution to the academic
world.
3. People recognise me for their contribution to the academic
world.
4. I recognise for my contribution to the academic world.
Q42. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Sara was bringing the cake for the party.

1. The cake for the party was being bought by Sara.

2. The cake for the party is being brought by Sara.
3. The cake for the party was being brought by Sara.
4. The cake for the party were being brought by Sara.
Q42. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Sara was bringing the cake for the party.

1. The cake for the party was being bought by Sara.

2. The cake for the party is being brought by Sara.
3. The cake for the party was being brought by Sara.
4. The cake for the party were being brought by Sara.
Q43. Rohan verbally insulted Stephen in front of his parents.

1. Stephen was verbally being insulted by Rohan in front of

his parents.
2. Stephen has verbally insulted by Rohan in front of his
parents.
3. Stephen was verbally insulted by Rohan in front of his
parents.
4. Stephen had been verbally insulted by Rohan in front of
his parents.
Q43. Rohan verbally insulted Stephen in front of his parents.

1. Stephen was verbally being insulted by Rohan in front of

his parents.
2. Stephen has verbally insulted by Rohan in front of his
parents.
3. Stephen was verbally insulted by Rohan in front of his
parents.
4. Stephen had been verbally insulted by Rohan in front of
his parents.
Q44. Let the experts emphasise the importance of renewable
energy.
1. Let the importance of renewable energy be emphasised by
the experts.
2. The importance of renewable energy let be emphasised by
the experts.
3. Let the importance of renewable energy is emphasised by
the experts.
4. The importance of renewable energy will be emphasised
by the experts.
Q44. Let the experts emphasise the importance of renewable
energy.
1. Let the importance of renewable energy be emphasised by
the experts.
2. The importance of renewable energy let be emphasised by
the experts.
3. Let the importance of renewable energy is emphasised by
the experts.
4. The importance of renewable energy will be emphasised
by the experts.
Q45. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Lemon tastes sour.

1. Lemon has been tasted sour.

2. Lemon is tasted sour.
3. Lemon is sour when it is tasted.
4. Lemon has been sour when tasted.
Q45. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Lemon tastes sour.

1. Lemon has been tasted sour.

2. Lemon is tasted sour.
3. Lemon is sour when it is tasted.
4. Lemon has been sour when tasted.
Q46. What information was shared with the school authority
by the inspection team?

1. What information has the inspection team shared with the

school authority?
2. What information did the inspection team share by the
school authority?
3. What information did the inspection team share with the
school authority?
4. What information the inspection team shared with the
school authority?
Q46. What information was shared with the school authority
by the inspection team?

1. What information has the inspection team shared with the

school authority?
2. What information did the inspection team share by the
school authority?
3. What information did the inspection team share with the
school authority?
4. What information the inspection team shared with the
school authority?
Q47. It is your duty to help the poor people in your parish.

1. The poor people in your parish are to be helped by you.

2. It is suggested that you do your duty to help the poor in
your parish.
3. The poor people in the parish are helped by you as duty.
4. You may be allowed to help the poor people in your
parish.
Q47. It is your duty to help the poor people in your parish.

1. The poor people in your parish are to be helped by you.

2. It is suggested that you do your duty to help the poor in
your parish.
3. The poor people in the parish are helped by you as duty.
4. You may be allowed to help the poor people in your
parish.
Q48. His parents will send him to a boarding school next
year.
1. He will be sent to a boarding school next year by his
parents.
2. He will be sent to a boarding school by his parents next
year.
3. He is to be sent to a boarding school next year by his
parents.
4. He would be sent to a boarding school next year by his
parents
Q48. His parents will send him to a boarding school next
year.
1. He will be sent to a boarding school next year by his
parents.
2. He will be sent to a boarding school by his parents next
year.
3. He is to be sent to a boarding school next year by his
parents.
4. He would be sent to a boarding school next year by his
parents
Q49. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

His father fed the kids every day.

1. The kids had been fed by the father every day.

2. The kids have been fed by his father every day.
3. The kids were being fed by his father every day.
4. The kids were fed by his father every day
Q49. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

His father fed the kids every day.

1. The kids had been fed by the father every day.

2. The kids have been fed by his father every day.
3. The kids were being fed by his father every day.
4. The kids were fed by his father every day
Q50. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Nidhi draws the diagrams.

1. The diagrams are drawn by Nidhi.

2. Diagrams are drawn by the Nidhi.
3. The diagrams are being drawn by the Nidhi.
4. It is Nidhi who is drawing the diagrams.
Q50. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Nidhi draws the diagrams.

1. The diagrams are drawn by Nidhi.

2. Diagrams are drawn by the Nidhi.
3. The diagrams are being drawn by the Nidhi.
4. It is Nidhi who is drawing the diagrams.
Q51. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The lion was chasing the stag behind the bush.

1. The stag had been chased by the lion behind the bush.
2. The stag was chased by the lion behind the bush.
3. The stag was being chased by the lion behind the bush.
4. The stag is being chased by the lion behind the bush.
Q51. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The lion was chasing the stag behind the bush.

1. The stag had been chased by the lion behind the bush.
2. The stag was chased by the lion behind the bush.
3. The stag was being chased by the lion behind the bush.
4. The stag is being chased by the lion behind the bush.
Q52. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Daniel is buying a car.

1. A car is bought by Daniel.

2. A car is buy by Daniel.
3. A car is being bought by Daniel.
4. A car were being bought by Daniel
Q52. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Daniel is buying a car.

1. A car is bought by Daniel.

2. A car is buy by Daniel.
3. A car is being bought by Daniel.
4. A car were being bought by Daniel
Q53. Mr. Gupta and his brothers remodelled their house to
help it sell.
1. Their house was remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his
brothers to help it sell.
2. Their house is remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his brothers
to help it sell.
3. Their house was to be remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his
brothers to help it sell.
4. Their house was being remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his
brothers to help it sell.
Q53. Mr. Gupta and his brothers remodelled their house to
help it sell.
1. Their house was remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his
brothers to help it sell.
2. Their house is remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his brothers
to help it sell.
3. Their house was to be remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his
brothers to help it sell.
4. Their house was being remodelled by Mr. Gupta and his
brothers to help it sell.
Q54. Nargis quickly picks out the important files from her
office shelf.
1. The important files are quickly being picked out by Nargis
from her office shelf.
2. The important files will be quickly picked out by Nargis
from her office shelf.
3. The important files are quickly picked out by Nargis from
her office shelf.
4. The important files have quickly been picked out by
Nargis from her office shelf
Q54. Nargis quickly picks out the important files from her
office shelf.
1. The important files are quickly being picked out by Nargis
from her office shelf.
2. The important files will be quickly picked out by Nargis
from her office shelf.
3. The important files are quickly picked out by Nargis from
her office shelf.
4. The important files have quickly been picked out by
Nargis from her office shelf
Q55. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

When will the dress be returned?

1. When would you return the dress?

2. When shall you return the dress?
3. When will you return the dress?
4. When will you be returning the dress?
Q55. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

When will the dress be returned?

1. When would you return the dress?

2. When shall you return the dress?
3. When will you return the dress?
4. When will you be returning the dress?
Q56. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

He had not committed the mistake.

1. The mistake had not been committed by him.

2. The mistake has not been committed by him.
3. The mistake was not committed by him.
4. Had the mistake been committed by him?
Q56. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

He had not committed the mistake.

1. The mistake had not been committed by him.

2. The mistake has not been committed by him.
3. The mistake was not committed by him.
4. Had the mistake been committed by him?
Q57. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

People don’t use this road much.

1. This road isn’t much used by people.

2. This road cannot be used much by people.
3. This road isn’t used much by public.
4. This road isn’t used much
Q57. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

People don’t use this road much.

1. This road isn’t much used by people.

2. This road cannot be used much by people.
3. This road isn’t used much by public.
4. This road isn’t used much
Q58. The scholar of the department could help the junior
students in the proposed coaching.

1. The junior students could be helped by the scholar of the

department in the proposed coaching.
2. The junior students could have been helped by the scholar
of the department in the proposed coaching.
3. The junior students could have helped by the scholar of
the department in the proposed coaching.
4. The junior students can help by the scholar of the
department in the proposed coaching.
Q58. The scholar of the department could help the junior
students in the proposed coaching.

1. The junior students could be helped by the scholar of the

department in the proposed coaching.
2. The junior students could have been helped by the scholar
of the department in the proposed coaching.
3. The junior students could have helped by the scholar of
the department in the proposed coaching.
4. The junior students can help by the scholar of the
department in the proposed coaching.
Q59. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Mary was cooking the meal.

1. The meal was already being cooked by Mary.

2. Mary was about to cook the meal.
3. The meal was being cooked by Mary.
4. The meal were being cooked by Mary
Q59. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Mary was cooking the meal.

1. The meal was already being cooked by Mary.

2. Mary was about to cook the meal.
3. The meal was being cooked by Mary.
4. The meal were being cooked by Mary
Q60. You must have submitted the important documents.

1. The important documents must have been submitted by

you.
2. The important documents might be submitted by you.
3. The important documents must be submitted by you.
4. The important documents may have been submitted by
you.
Q60. You must have submitted the important documents.

1. The important documents must have been submitted by

you.
2. The important documents might be submitted by you.
3. The important documents must be submitted by you.
4. The important documents may have been submitted by
you.
Q61. I have to stay in Netherlands for a year till I finish my
course.
1. I may be allowed to stay in Netherlands for a year till I
finish my course.
2. It is suggested that I stay in Netherlands for a year till I
finish my course.
3. I am obliged to stay in Netherlands for a year till I finish
my course.
4. Let me stay in Netherlands for a year till I finish my
course
Q61. I have to stay in Netherlands for a year till I finish my
course.
1. I may be allowed to stay in Netherlands for a year till I
finish my course.
2. It is suggested that I stay in Netherlands for a year till I
finish my course.
3. I am obliged to stay in Netherlands for a year till I finish
my course.
4. Let me stay in Netherlands for a year till I finish my
course
Q62. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Somebody sent me a gift on my anniversary.

1. I was surprised to have been sent a gift on my anniversary.

2. Someone sent a gift on my anniversary.
3. I was sent a gift on my anniversary by someone.
4. I would be sent a gift on my anniversary by someone
Q62. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Somebody sent me a gift on my anniversary.

1. I was surprised to have been sent a gift on my anniversary.

2. Someone sent a gift on my anniversary.
3. I was sent a gift on my anniversary by someone.
4. I would be sent a gift on my anniversary by someone
Q63. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
The administrator will give you a cheque.

1. A cheque shall be given to you by the administrator.

2. A cheque was given to you by the administrator.
3. A cheque will be given to you by the administrator.
4. A cheque would be given to you by the administrator
Q63. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
The administrator will give you a cheque.

1. A cheque shall be given to you by the administrator.

2. A cheque was given to you by the administrator.
3. A cheque will be given to you by the administrator.
4. A cheque would be given to you by the administrator
Q64. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive/active voice.

Leave the premises at once.

1. You are told to leave the premises at once.

2. Someone is to leave the premises at once.
3. People left the premises at once.
4. Let the premises to be left at once.
Q64. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive/active voice.

Leave the premises at once.

1. You are told to leave the premises at once.

2. Someone is to leave the premises at once.
3. People left the premises at once.
4. Let the premises to be left at once.
Q65. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Who teaches you English?

1. Who has been taught you English?

2. By whom were you taught English?
3. By whom are you taught English?
4. By whom was English taught to you?
Q65. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Who teaches you English?

1. Who has been taught you English?

2. By whom were you taught English?
3. By whom are you taught English?
4. By whom was English taught to you?
Q66. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The employer paid him the salary.

1. He was paid by the employer salary.

2. He was being paid the salary by the employer.
3. The salary was paid to him by the employer.
4. He had been paid the salary by the employer
Q66. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The employer paid him the salary.

1. He was paid by the employer salary.

2. He was being paid the salary by the employer.
3. The salary was paid to him by the employer.
4. He had been paid the salary by the employer
Q67. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Someone has drunk all the wine in the glass.

1. All the wine in the glass had being drunk.

2. All the wine in the glass has been drunk by someone.
3. All the wine in the glass had been drunk.
4. All the wine in the glass has drunk.
Q67. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Someone has drunk all the wine in the glass.

1. All the wine in the glass had being drunk.

2. All the wine in the glass has been drunk by someone.
3. All the wine in the glass had been drunk.
4. All the wine in the glass has drunk.
Q68. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Mike decided to skip work.

1. Work is being skipped by Mike.

2. Work was skipped by Mike.
3. Work is decided to be skipped by Mike.
4. The work was decided to be skipped by Mike.
Q68. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Mike decided to skip work.

1. Work is being skipped by Mike.

2. Work was skipped by Mike.
3. Work is decided to be skipped by Mike.
4. The work was decided to be skipped by Mike.
Q68. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

I am being tortured by you.

1. You have been torturing me.

2. I am not being tortured by you.
3. You are being torturing me.
4. You are torturing me
Q68. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

I am being tortured by you.

1. You have been torturing me.

2. I am not being tortured by you.
3. You are being torturing me.
4. You are torturing me
Q69. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The courier service had delivered the parcel.

1. The parcel service was being delivered by the courier

service.
2. The parcel delivered the courier service.
3. The parcel had been delivered by the courier service.
4. The parcel was been delivered by the courier service.
Q69. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

The courier service had delivered the parcel.

1. The parcel service was being delivered by the courier

service.
2. The parcel delivered the courier service.
3. The parcel had been delivered by the courier service.
4. The parcel was been delivered by the courier service.
Q70. A farewell party for me has been organised by my
office colleagues.
1. My office colleagues are going to organise a farewell
party for me.
2. My office colleagues have organised a farewell party for
me.
3. My office colleagues are organising a farewell party for
me.
4. A farewell party for me is about to be organised by my
office colleagues
Q70. A farewell party for me has been organised by my
office colleagues.
1. My office colleagues are going to organise a farewell
party for me.
2. My office colleagues have organised a farewell party for
me.
3. My office colleagues are organising a farewell party for
me.
4. A farewell party for me is about to be organised by my
office colleagues
Voice- ssc CGL 2021 Mains
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
He likes people to flatter him.

1. He likes people to be flattered by him.

2. He likes to have been flattered by people.
3. He liked to be flattered by people.
4. He likes to be flattered by people.
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
He likes people to flatter him.

1. He likes people to be flattered by him.

2. He likes to have been flattered by people.
3. He liked to be flattered by people.
4. He likes to be flattered by people.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
An enquiry is demanded by us.

1. We have demanded an enquiry.

2. We will demand an enquiry.
3. We are demanding an enquiry.
4. We demand an enquiry.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
An enquiry is demanded by us.

1. We have demanded an enquiry.

2. We will demand an enquiry.
3. We are demanding an enquiry.
4. We demand an enquiry.
Q3. Granny had given Uncle Ken a good lecture on how to
be a responsible adult.
1. Uncle Ken was giving a good lecture to Granny on how to
be a responsible adult.
2. Granny was given a good lecture by Uncle Ken on how to
be a responsible adult.
3. Uncle Ken was being given a good lecture by Granny on
how to be a responsible adult.
4. Uncle Ken had been given a good lecture by Granny on
how to be a responsible adult.
Q3. Granny had given Uncle Ken a good lecture on how to
be a responsible adult.
1. Uncle Ken was giving a good lecture to Granny on how to
be a responsible adult.
2. Granny was given a good lecture by Uncle Ken on how to
be a responsible adult.
3. Uncle Ken was being given a good lecture by Granny on
how to be a responsible adult.
4. Uncle Ken had been given a good lecture by Granny on
how to be a responsible adult.
Q4. Not much damage to the life and property was caused by
the cyclone in July this year at the Andhra coast.

1. The cyclone has not caused much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the Andhra coast.
2. The cyclone could not cause much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the.
3. The Andhra coast did not cause much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the cyclone.
4. The cyclone did not cause much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the Andhra coast
Q4. Not much damage to the life and property was caused by
the cyclone in July this year at the Andhra coast.

1. The cyclone has not caused much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the Andhra coast.
2. The cyclone could not cause much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the.
3. The Andhra coast did not cause much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the cyclone.
4. The cyclone did not cause much damage to the life and
property in July this year at the Andhra coast.
Q5. Rani’s car is twelve years old but it has not been used
much.

1. Rani’s car is twelve years old but it hasn’t used her much.
2. Rani’s car is twelve years old but she hasn’t used it much.
3. Rani’s car is twelve years old but she isn’t using it much.
4. Rani’s car is twelve years old but she didn’t use it much.
Q5. Rani’s car is twelve years old but it has not been used
much.

1. Rani’s car is twelve years old but it hasn’t used her much.
2. Rani’s car is twelve years old but she hasn’t used it much.
3. Rani’s car is twelve years old but she isn’t using it much.
4. Rani’s car is twelve years old but she didn’t use it much.
Q6. Select the most appropriate active form of the given
sentence.
How many members were informed about the meeting in time?
1. How many members could you inform about the meeting in
time?
2. How many members have you informed about the meeting
in time?
3. How many meetings did you inform about the members in
time?
4. How many members did you inform about the meeting in
time?
Q6. Select the most appropriate active form of the given
sentence.
How many members were informed about the meeting in time?
1. How many members could you inform about the meeting in
time?
2. How many members have you informed about the meeting
in time?
3. How many meetings did you inform about the members in
time?
4. How many members did you inform about the meeting in
time?
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active
voice.

I am not interested in this assignment.

1. This assignment does not interest me.

2. This assignment did not interest me.
3. This assignment has not interested me.
4. This assignment is not interesting me.
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active
voice.

I am not interested in this assignment.

1. This assignment does not interest me.

2. This assignment did not interest me.
3. This assignment has not interested me.
4. This assignment is not interesting me.
Q8. Select the most appropriate passive form of the given
sentence.
Let your son manage your business after your retirement.
1. Let your retirement be managed by your son after your
business.
2. Let your business be managed by your son after your
retirement.
3. Your business can be managed by your son after your
retirement.
4. Your business is being managed by your son after your
retirement
Q8. Select the most appropriate passive form of the given
sentence.
Let your son manage your business after your retirement.
1. Let your retirement be managed by your son after your
business.
2. Let your business be managed by your son after your
retirement.
3. Your business can be managed by your son after your
retirement.
4. Your business is being managed by your son after your
retirement
Q9. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active
voice.
Has Rahul been declared fit to play the next match?

1. Have they declared Rahul fit to play the next match?

2. Did they declare Rahul fit to play the next match?
3. Are they declaring Rahul fit to play the next match?
4. Has Rahul declared the next match fit to play?
Q9. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active
voice.
Has Rahul been declared fit to play the next match?

1. Have they declared Rahul fit to play the next match?

2. Did they declare Rahul fit to play the next match?
3. Are they declaring Rahul fit to play the next match?
4. Has Rahul declared the next match fit to play?
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
India is exporting handicrafts to several countries.

1. Handicrafts were exported to several countries by India.

2. Handicrafts have been exported to several countries by India.
3. Handicrafts are exported to several countries by India.
4. Handicrafts are being exported to several countries by India.
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
India is exporting handicrafts to several countries.

1. Handicrafts were exported to several countries by India.

2. Handicrafts have been exported to several countries by India.
3. Handicrafts are exported to several countries by India.
4. Handicrafts are being exported to several countries by India.
Q11. Select the most appropriate passive form of the given
sentence.
The king covered the hole with a huge stone.

1. A huge stone was covered by the king with a hole.

2. The hole was covered by the king with a huge stone.
3. The king was covered by the hole with a huge stone.
4. The hole has been covered by the king with a huge stone.
Q11. Select the most appropriate passive form of the given
sentence.
The king covered the hole with a huge stone.

1. A huge stone was covered by the king with a hole.

2. The hole was covered by the king with a huge stone.
3. The king was covered by the hole with a huge stone.
4. The hole has been covered by the king with a huge stone.
Q12. Select the most appropriate passive form of the given
sentence.
Please do not pluck any flowers from the temple compound.

1. No flowers can be plucked from the temple compound.

2. How can any flowers be plucked from the temple
compound?
3. You are requested not to pluck any flowers from the temple
compound.
4. Let any flowers not to be plucked from the temple
compound.
Q12. Select the most appropriate passive form of the given
sentence.
Please do not pluck any flowers from the temple compound.

1. No flowers can be plucked from the temple compound.

2. How can any flowers be plucked from the temple
compound?
3. You are requested not to pluck any flowers from the temple
compound.
4. Let any flowers not to be plucked from the temple
compound.
Q13. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
The money shall have been withdrawn from the bank by
tomorrow.
1. We shall have withdrawn the money from the bank by
tomorrow.
2. We are going to withdraw the money from the bank by
tomorrow.
3. We shall be withdrawing the money from the bank by
tomorrow.
4. We shall withdraw the money from the bank by tomorrow.
Q13. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.
The money shall have been withdrawn from the bank by
tomorrow.
1. We shall have withdrawn the money from the bank by
tomorrow.
2. We are going to withdraw the money from the bank by
tomorrow.
3. We shall be withdrawing the money from the bank by
tomorrow.
4. We shall withdraw the money from the bank by tomorrow.
Q14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Nobody has brought this fact to my notice.

1. This fact had not been brought to my notice by anybody.

2. This fact has not been brought to my notice by anybody.
3. This fact is not being brought to my notice by nobody.
4. This fact was not brought to my notice by anybody.
Q14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.
Nobody has brought this fact to my notice.

1. This fact had not been brought to my notice by anybody.

2. This fact has not been brought to my notice by anybody.
3. This fact is not being brought to my notice by nobody.
4. This fact was not brought to my notice by anybody.
Q15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

Nothing can be achieved without hard work.

1. One has achieved nothing without hard work.

2. One can achieve nothing without hard work.
3. One could achieve nothing without hard work.
4. One will achieve nothing without hard work.
Q15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
active voice.

Nothing can be achieved without hard work.

1. One has achieved nothing without hard work.

2. One can achieve nothing without hard work.
3. One could achieve nothing without hard work.
4. One will achieve nothing without hard work.
Q16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

She is going to serve tea in silver cups today.

1. Tea will have been served in silver cups today.

2. Tea will be served in silver cups today.
3. Tea should be served in silver cups today.
4. Tea is going to be served in silver cups today.
Q16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

She is going to serve tea in silver cups today.

1. Tea will have been served in silver cups today.

2. Tea will be served in silver cups today.
3. Tea should be served in silver cups today.
4. Tea is going to be served in silver cups today.
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Who could have made such a silly mistake?

1. By whom could such a silly mistake be made?

2. By whom could such a silly mistake have been made?
3. By whom can such a silly mistake have been made?
4. By whom can such a silly mistake be made?
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
passive voice.

Who could have made such a silly mistake?

1. By whom could such a silly mistake be made?

2. By whom could such a silly mistake have been made?
3. By whom can such a silly mistake have been made?
4. By whom can such a silly mistake be made?
Q18. Select the most appropriate active form of the given
sentence.
Those who help themselves are helped by God.

1. God is helping those who are helping others.

2. If you help yourself, God will help you.
3. God helps those who help themselves.
4. Help yourself and God will help you.
Q18. Select the most appropriate active form of the given
sentence.
Those who help themselves are helped by God.

1. God is helping those who are helping others.

2. If you help yourself, God will help you.
3. God helps those who help themselves.
4. Help yourself and God will help you.
Q19. Select the most appropriate active form of the given
sentence.

A bed time story was made by him for me every night.

1. I made a bed time story for him every night.

2. He has been making a bed time story for me every night.
3. He has made a bed time story for me every night.
4. He made a bed time story for me every night.
Q19. Select the most appropriate active form of the given
sentence.

A bed time story was made by him for me every night.

1. I made a bed time story for him every night.

2. He has been making a bed time story for me every night.
3. He has made a bed time story for me every night.
4. He made a bed time story for me every night.
Q20. The flood victims of Assam have to make highway their
home every year.
1. Highway has made the flood victims of Assam their home
every year.
2. Highway has been made their home every year by the flood
victims of Assam.
3. Highway is being made their home every year by the flood
victims of Assam.
4. Highway has to be made their home every year by the flood
victims of Assam.
Q20. The flood victims of Assam have to make highway their
home every year.
1. Highway has made the flood victims of Assam their home
every year.
2. Highway has been made their home every year by the flood
victims of Assam.
3. Highway is being made their home every year by the flood
victims of Assam.
4. Highway has to be made their home every year by the flood
victims of Assam.
❖ The art of reporting the words of a speaker is called Narration.

❖ There are two main ways of reporting the words of a speaker.

1. Direct Speech

2. Indirect Speech
Direct Speech - In this form, the actual words of the speaker are
put in quotes.

Kunal said to me," I have solved this question."

Indirect Speech - In this form, the actual words of the speaker are
transformed/said/written in a simple manner.

Kunal told me that he had solved that question.

Changes in pronoun :-
➢ First person in reported speech changes according
to the subject of reporting verb.

➢ Second person in reported speech changes according

to the object of reporting verb.

➢ Third person in reported speech does not change.

S O N S stands for Subject
1 2 3 O stands for Object
N stands for No change
Changes in tense:-
Present tense:-
Present indefinite – Past indefinite
Present continuous – Past continuous
Present perfect – Past perfect
Present perfect continuous – Past perfect continuous

Past tense:-
Past indefinite – Past perfect
Past continuous – Past perfect continuous
Past perfect– No change
Past perfect continuous – No change
Changes in modals:-

Will – Would
Shall (future) – Would
Shall (permission/suggestion) -Should
May – Might
Can – Could
Must ( for compulsion )– Had to
Must ( for possibility )– Must
Changes in Adverbs:-
Ago – Before
Yesterday – ‘The previous/last day’/The day before
Yet – Till then
Now – Then
Tomorrow – The next day / The following day
Tonight – That night
Here – There
This – That
These – Those
Today – That day
1.Assertive:-
Changes in some words:-
(,) – ‘that’
Say/Says – Say/says (अगर इनके बाद कोई object ना हो )
Said – Said (अगर इसके बाद कोई object ना हो )
Say/Says to – tell/tells (अगर इनके बाद कोई object हो )
Said to– told (अगर इसके बाद कोई object हो )
 Note:-

➢Reported speech के tense में change केवल तभी होता है जब reporting

verb ‘past tense’ में हो

➢Reported speech में अगर कोई Universal truth, Proverb, Habitual

action या कोई scientific fact हो तो indirect sentence में change करते
time ‘reported speech’ के tense में कोई change नहीीं होता है
Kunal said to me," I have solved this question."
Devesh said to me," I am writing a letter to my
grandmother".
Mohit said to me," I met Shruti here".
Bhola said to Rajesh, " Somebody stole my car yesterday".
Mukesh said to me," I will buy a new house".
Mohan said to Rakesh," I had no house".
The old man said," you are disturbing me".
Radhika said to me," I was always with you".
Dhruv said to him," My boss has fired me".
My grandmother said to me," Honesty is the best policy".
They will say to him ,“you have not done anything for us?"
He said to Anjali ,“ I go for a morning walk daily."
He told Anjali that I went for a morning walk daily.

He said to Anjali ,“ I go for a morning walk daily.“

He said to Anjali ,“ I went for a morning walk daily."

He told me that he had not stolen my bag.

He said to me , “ I have not stolen your bag.”

He said to me , “ I did not your bag.”

He said to me , “ I had not stolen your bag.”

Rajesh said to us , “ I saw many lakes when I visited Naintal”
2. Interrogative sentence:-

➢Interrogative sentences में प्रश्न पूछे जाते है इसीलिए reporting verb में
आयी verb ‘Said to’ को usually ‘Asked /Enquired /Interrogated
/Demanded’ में बदिा जाता है ….

➢ Reported speech अगर helping verb से शुरू हो तो indirect में change

करते time conjunction की जगह ‘if/whether’ का use करते है …
Note:-

➢ Reported speech अगर Wh word (who/ whom /whose /when

/what /where /why) से शुरू हो तो indirect में change करते time
conjunction की जगह उसी Wh word का use करते है लजस से reported
speech शुरू हो रहा है ......
He said to the postman," have you delivered my letters?"
Mohan's father said to him," did you complete the task?"
I said to my mother," do you have sugar?"
He said to the customer," why are you returning this item?"
I said to my teacher," how can I solve these questions?"
The teacher said,“ Why are you wasting your time?"
Imperative sentences :-

She said to the maid," chop the vegetables".

He said to the servant," clean the room".
The old man said to me," please help me cross the road".
My mother said to me," don't play near the well."
The officer said to clerk," let me know everything."
I said to him," let me do this task alone".
Mukesh said to us," let's dance".
Raju said to his cousins," let's play cricket".
The commander said," soldiers, move ahead".

The commander said,"soldiers move ahead".

Exclamatory sentences:-

The man said, " Alas! my uncle is dead".

The boys said," Hurray! We won the match".
He said," what a boring movie it is!"
The students said," what a lazy person he is !".
My mother said," How rude this behaviour is!".
My teacher said ," how stupid this question is!".
Optative sentences:-

My grandmother said," may you fulfill my dreams".

The old man said," may you live long, my son".
They said to Ragini," congrats on your promotion"
Gulliver said to the villagers," thanks for your hospitality".
Mr Gupta said to his guests," You are welcome".
He said to the child," happy birthday".
narration ssc cpo 22 mains
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

He said, “My dog died on a cold night”.

1. He said my dog died on a cold night. .

2. He said his dog died on a cold night.
3. He said his dog was dead on a cold night.
4. He said his dog had died on a cold night.
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

He said, “My dog died on a cold night”.

1. He said my dog died on a cold night. .

2. He said his dog died on a cold night.
3. He said his dog was dead on a cold night.
4. He said his dog had died on a cold night.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
reported speech.

She said, “I know where he lives.”

1. She said that she knew where he living.

2. She said that she knew where he lived.
3. She said I know where he lived.
4. She said she had knowledge of where he lived.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
reported speech.

She said, “I know where he lives.”

1. She said that she knew where he living.

2. She said that she knew where he lived.
3. She said I know where he lived.
4. She said she had knowledge of where he lived.
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

I said that I would go to the temple.

1. I said, “I can go to the temple”.

2. I said, “I will go to the temple”.
3. I said, “I went to the temple”.
4. I said, “I go to the temple”.
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

I said that I would go to the temple.

1. I said, “I can go to the temple”.

2. I said, “I will go to the temple”.
3. I said, “I went to the temple”.
4. I said, “I go to the temple”.
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

Mrs. Gomes said, “Virtue is its own reward.”

1. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue was its own reward.

2. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue is its own reward.
3. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue had its own reward.
4. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue has its own reward.
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

Mrs. Gomes said, “Virtue is its own reward.”

1. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue was its own reward.

2. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue is its own reward.
3. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue had its own reward.
4. Mrs. Gomes said that Virtue has its own reward.
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
direct speech.

Mother said that Sam would not pass.

1. Mother said, “Sam would never pass.”

2. Mother said, “Sam will not pass.”
3. Mother said, “Sam would not pass.”
4. Mother said, “Sam will have never passed.”
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
direct speech.

Mother said that Sam would not pass.

1. Mother said, “Sam would never pass.”

2. Mother said, “Sam will not pass.”
3. Mother said, “Sam would not pass.”
4. Mother said, “Sam will have never passed.”
Q6. The announcer requested the audience to switch off their mobile
phones for the next two hours.

1. The announcer said to the audience, “You all switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
2. The announcer said to the audience, “Please switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
3. The announcer told the audience, “You have to switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
4. The announcer said to the audience, “You can switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
Q6. The announcer requested the audience to switch off their mobile
phones for the next two hours.

1. The announcer said to the audience, “You all switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
2. The announcer said to the audience, “Please switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
3. The announcer told the audience, “You have to switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
4. The announcer said to the audience, “You can switch off your
mobile phones for the next two hours.”
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The mother asked the daughter, "Can we buy tonight’s dinner from
the restaurant?”
1. The mother asked the daughter could they buy that night’s dinner
from the restaurant.
2. The mother asked the daughter if they could buy that night’s
dinner from the restaurant.
3. The mother asked the daughter if they can buy tonight’s dinner
from the restaurant.
4. The mother asked the daughter if could they buy that night’s
dinner from the restaurant.
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The mother asked the daughter, "Can we buy tonight’s dinner from
the restaurant?”
1. The mother asked the daughter could they buy that night’s dinner
from the restaurant.
2. The mother asked the daughter if they could buy that night’s
dinner from the restaurant.
3. The mother asked the daughter if they can buy tonight’s dinner
from the restaurant.
4. The mother asked the daughter if could they buy that night’s
dinner from the restaurant.
Q8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

The stranger said to me “What is your name?”

1. The stranger has asked me what is my name.

2. The stranger asked me what my name was.
3. The stranger asked me what was my name.
4. Told me what my name is
Q8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

The stranger said to me “What is your name?”

1. The stranger has asked me what is my name.

2. The stranger asked me what my name was.
3. The stranger asked me what was my name.
4. Told me what my name is
Q9 Somnath said that they had been there for two-and-a-half
years and were going to stay another ten months.

1. Somnath was saying, "We has been here for two-and-a-half

years. We are going to stay another ten months."
2. Somnath said, "We have been here for two-and-a-half years.
We are going to stay another ten months."
3. Somnath had said , "We have been here for two-and-a-half
years. We were going to stay another ten months."
4. Somnath said, "He have been here for two-and-a-half years.
We are going to stay another ten months."
Q9 Somnath said that they had been there for two-and-a-half
years and were going to stay another ten months.

1. Somnath was saying, "We has been here for two-and-a-half

years. We are going to stay another ten months."
2. Somnath said, "We have been here for two-and-a-half years.
We are going to stay another ten months."
3. Somnath had said , "We have been here for two-and-a-half
years. We were going to stay another ten months."
4. Somnath said, "He have been here for two-and-a-half years.
We are going to stay another ten months."
Q10. Mudassir warned the child, “Be careful and be
slow.”
1. Mudassir warned the child that he be careful and be
slow.
2. Mudassir warned the child to be careful and to be
slow.
3. Mudassir warned the child to be careful and should be
slow.
4. Mudassir warned the child that he should be careful
and be slow
Q10. Mudassir warned the child, “Be careful and be
slow.”
1. Mudassir warned the child that he be careful and be
slow.
2. Mudassir warned the child to be careful and to be
slow.
3. Mudassir warned the child to be careful and should be
slow.
4. Mudassir warned the child that he should be careful
and be slow
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in indirect speech.

She said, “I love to eat pineapple.”

1. She said that she love to eat pineapple.

2. She said that I loved to eat pineapple.
3. She said that she loved to eat pineapple.
4. She said that she had loved to eat pineapple
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in indirect speech.

She said, “I love to eat pineapple.”

1. She said that she love to eat pineapple.

2. She said that I loved to eat pineapple.
3. She said that she loved to eat pineapple.
4. She said that she had loved to eat pineapple
Q12 Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in indirect speech.

The coach said, “Bravo! You have played well”.

1. The coach informed him that he played well.

2. The coach exclaimed that he played well.
3. The coach exclaimed that he had played well.
4. The coach praised that he has played well
Q12 Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in indirect speech.

The coach said, “Bravo! You have played well”.

1. The coach informed him that he played well.

2. The coach exclaimed that he played well.
3. The coach exclaimed that he had played well.
4. The coach praised that he has played well
Q13 Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in direct speech.

Mohit ordered Rohit to be honest.

1. Mohit said, “Rohit, you should be honest.”

2. Mohit said, “Rohit, you must be honest.”
3. Mohit said, “Rohit, you can be honest.”
4. Mohit said, “Rohit, you would be honest.”
Q13 Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in direct speech.

Mohit ordered Rohit to be honest.

1. Mohit said, “Rohit, you should be honest.”

2. Mohit said, “Rohit, you must be honest.”
3. Mohit said, “Rohit, you can be honest.”
4. Mohit said, “Rohit, you would be honest.”
Q14 Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in reported speech.

Ross said to Rachel, “We were on a break”.

1. Ross told Rachel that they used to be on a break.

2. Ross told Rachel that they were on break.
3. Ross told Rachel that they had been on a break.
4. Ross told Rachel that they have been on a break
Q14 Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in reported speech.

Ross said to Rachel, “We were on a break”.

1. Ross told Rachel that they used to be on a break.

2. Ross told Rachel that they were on break.
3. Ross told Rachel that they had been on a break.
4. Ross told Rachel that they have been on a break
Q15 The teacher said, “William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-
upon-Avon.”

1. The teacher said that William Shakespeare have been born in

Stratford-upon-Avon.
2. The teacher said that William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-
upon-Avon.
3. The teacher said that William Shakespeare has been born in
Stratford-upon-Avon.
4. The teacher said that William Shakespeare is born in Stratford-
upon-Avon
Q15 The teacher said, “William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-
upon-Avon.”

1. The teacher said that William Shakespeare have been born in

Stratford-upon-Avon.
2. The teacher said that William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-
upon-Avon.
3. The teacher said that William Shakespeare has been born in
Stratford-upon-Avon.
4. The teacher said that William Shakespeare is born in Stratford-
upon-Avon
Q16 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

“Where is your office?” Anita said to me.

1. Anita asked where my office were.

2. Anita enquired where my office was.
3. Anita asked where was my office?
4. Anita enquired about your office
Q16 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

“Where is your office?” Anita said to me.

1. Anita asked where my office were.

2. Anita enquired where my office was.
3. Anita asked where was my office?
4. Anita enquired about your office
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in direct speech.

I asked Joe to meet for lunch on Saturday.

1. I says, “Let’s meet for lunch on Saturday Joe”.

2. I said, “Let’s meet for lunch on Saturday, Joe”.
3. I said, “We shall meet for lunch at Saturday Joe”.
4. I said, “Let’s meets for lunch at Saturday Joe”.
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence
in direct speech.

I asked Joe to meet for lunch on Saturday.

1. I says, “Let’s meet for lunch on Saturday Joe”.

2. I said, “Let’s meet for lunch on Saturday, Joe”.
3. I said, “We shall meet for lunch at Saturday Joe”.
4. I said, “Let’s meets for lunch at Saturday Joe”.
Q18 The teacher paused and said, “Those who are tired of listening
to me can go. I shall not mind it.”

1. The teacher ordered that those who were tired of listening to him
would go and that he would not mind that.
2. The teacher paused and then said that those who have been tired
of listening to him would go and that he would not mind that.
3. The teacher exclaimed with a pause and then said that those who
are tired of listening to me can go. I shall not mind it.
4. The teacher paused and said that those who were tired of
listening to him could go and that he would not mind that.
Q18 The teacher paused and said, “Those who are tired of listening
to me can go. I shall not mind it.”

1. The teacher ordered that those who were tired of listening to him
would go and that he would not mind that.
2. The teacher paused and then said that those who have been tired
of listening to him would go and that he would not mind that.
3. The teacher exclaimed with a pause and then said that those who
are tired of listening to me can go. I shall not mind it.
4. The teacher paused and said that those who were tired of
listening to him could go and that he would not mind that.
narration ssc cgl 21 mains
Q1. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.
He said to his brother, “Where did you go for a picnic?”

1. He asked his brother where he went for a picnic.

2. He asked his brother where he had gone for a picnic.
3. He asked his brother where did he go for a picnic.
4. He asked his brother where did you go for a picnic.
Q1. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.
He said to his brother, “Where did you go for a picnic?”

1. He asked his brother where he went for a picnic.

2. He asked his brother where he had gone for a picnic.
3. He asked his brother where did he go for a picnic.
4. He asked his brother where did you go for a picnic.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
I told you that I had bought a new book for you the day before.

1. I said to you, “I have bought a new book for you the day
before.”
2. I said to you, “I bought a new book for you yesterday.”
3. I said to you, “You have bought a new book for me the day
before.”
4. I told to you, “I have bought a new book for you yesterday.”
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
I told you that I had bought a new book for you the day before.

1. I said to you, “I have bought a new book for you the day
before.”
2. I said to you, “I bought a new book for you yesterday.”
3. I said to you, “You have bought a new book for me the day
before.”
4. I told to you, “I have bought a new book for you yesterday.”
Q3. Rahul said to Mohit, “ I am taking my family to Kashmir for
a vacation tomorrow.”
1. Rahul told Mohit that I am taking my family to Kashmir for a
vacation tomorrow.
2. Rahul told Mohit that I was taking my family to Kashmir for a
vacation the following day.
3. Rahul told Mohit that he is taking his family to Kashmir for a
vacation tomorrow.
4. Rahul told Mohit that he was taking his family to Kashmir for
a vacation the following day
Q3. Rahul said to Mohit, “ I am taking my family to Kashmir for
a vacation tomorrow.”
1. Rahul told Mohit that I am taking my family to Kashmir for a
vacation tomorrow.
2. Rahul told Mohit that I was taking my family to Kashmir for a
vacation the following day.
3. Rahul told Mohit that he is taking his family to Kashmir for a
vacation tomorrow.
4. Rahul told Mohit that he was taking his family to Kashmir for
a vacation the following day.
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

I said to you, “He cannot be trusted completely.”

1. You told me that he cannot be trusted completely.

2. You told me that he could not be trusted completely.
3. I said you that he cannot be trusted completely.
4. I told you that he could not be trusted completely.
Q4. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

I said to you, “He cannot be trusted completely.”

1. You told me that he cannot be trusted completely.

2. You told me that he could not be trusted completely.
3. I said you that he cannot be trusted completely.
4. I told you that he could not be trusted completely.
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
She said, “Ruhi slipped when she was trying to board the bus.”

1. She said that Ruhi has slipped when she was trying to board the
bus.
2. She said that Ruhi slipped when she was trying to board the bus.
3. She said that Ruhi had slipped when she was trying to board the
bus.
4. She says that Ruhi slipped when she was trying to board the bus.
Q5. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
She said, “Ruhi slipped when she was trying to board the bus.”

1. She said that Ruhi has slipped when she was trying to board the
bus.
2. She said that Ruhi slipped when she was trying to board the bus.
3. She said that Ruhi had slipped when she was trying to board the
bus.
4. She says that Ruhi slipped when she was trying to board the bus.
Q6. Select the most appropriate direct form of the given sentence.

Father told Avika to stop watching the TV and eat her food.

1. Father said, “Avika, stop watching the TV and eat your food.”
2. Father said, “Avika, Why can’t you stop watching the TV and eat
your food?”
3. Father said, “Avika, stop watching the TV and eat her food.”
4. Father said to Avika, “ Stop eating the TV and watch your food.”
Q6. Select the most appropriate direct form of the given sentence.

Father told Avika to stop watching the TV and eat her food.

1. Father said, “Avika, stop watching the TV and eat your food.”
2. Father said, “Avika, Why can’t you stop watching the TV and eat
your food?”
3. Father said, “Avika, stop watching the TV and eat her food.”
4. Father said to Avika, “ Stop eating the TV and watch your food.”
Q7. Select the most appropriate direct form of the given sentence.

The policeman told the boys that they could not park their car there.

1. The policeman said to the boys, “You could not park their car
there.”
2. The policeman said to the boys, “How could you park your car
here?”
3. The policeman said to the boys, “You cannot park your car here.”
4. The policeman told to the boys, “They could not park their car
there.”
Q7. Select the most appropriate direct form of the given sentence.

The policeman told the boys that they could not park their car there.

1. The policeman said to the boys, “You could not park their car
there.”
2. The policeman said to the boys, “How could you park your car
here?”
3. The policeman said to the boys, “You cannot park your car here.”
4. The policeman told to the boys, “They could not park their car
there.”
Q8.
The teacher asked me why I had reached the examination hall so
late.
1. The teacher said to me, “Why had I reached the examination hall
so late?”
2. The teacher said to me, “Why did you reach the examination hall
so late?”
3. The teacher said to me, “Why you reached the examination hall
so late?”
4. The teacher said to me, “Why are you reaching the examination
hall so late?”
Q8. The teacher asked me why I had reached the examination hall
so late.
1. The teacher said to me, “Why had I reached the examination hall
so late?”
2. The teacher said to me, “Why did you reach the examination hall
so late?”
3. The teacher said to me, “Why you reached the examination hall
so late?”
4. The teacher said to me, “Why are you reaching the examination
hall so late?”
Q9. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

She said to herself, “Shall I have a happy married life?”

1. She wondered if she shall have a happy married life.

2. She asked that if she should have a happy married life.
3. She wondered if she would have a happy married life.
4. She thought that she should have a happy married life.
Q9. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

She said to herself, “Shall I have a happy married life?”

1. She wondered if she shall have a happy married life.

2. She asked that if she should have a happy married life.
3. She wondered if she would have a happy married life.
4. She thought that she should have a happy married life.
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

Your sister will say that she has lost her pen again.

1. Your sister will say, “I lost my pen again.”

2. Your sister said, “She has lost my pen again.”
3. Your sister says, “I lost her pen again.”
4. Your sister will say, “I have lost my pen again.”
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

Your sister will say that she has lost her pen again.

1. Your sister will say, “I lost my pen again.”

2. Your sister said, “She has lost my pen again.”
3. Your sister says, “I lost her pen again.”
4. Your sister will say, “I have lost my pen again.”
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

She said to me, “Don’t worry about me.”

1. She told me not to worry about her.

2. She told me don’t worry about her.
3. She told me to not be worried about her.
4. She told me to not to worry about me.
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

She said to me, “Don’t worry about me.”

1. She told me not to worry about her.

2. She told me don’t worry about her.
3. She told me to not be worried about her.
4. She told me to not to worry about me.
Q12. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.

“Don’t be late tomorrow morning,” my mother said to me.

1. My mother warned me not to be late the next day morning.

2. My mother warned me not to be late tomorrow morning.
3. My mother asks me not to be late tomorrow morning.
4. My mother told me don’t be late tomorrow morning.
Q12. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.

“Don’t be late tomorrow morning,” my mother said to me.

1. My mother warned me not to be late the next day morning.

2. My mother warned me not to be late tomorrow morning.
3. My mother asks me not to be late tomorrow morning.
4. My mother told me don’t be late tomorrow morning.
Q13. The driver asked a passerby if he could tell him the way to the
market.
1. The driver said to a passerby, “Tell me the way to the market,
will you”
2. The driver said to a passerby, “Please, will you tell me the way to
the market?”
3. The driver said to a passerby, “Could he tell him the way to the
market?”
4. The driver said to a passerby, “Can you tell me the way to the
market?”
Q13. The driver asked a passerby if he could tell him the way to the
market.
1. The driver said to a passerby, “Tell me the way to the market,
will you”
2. The driver said to a passerby, “Please, will you tell me the way to
the market?”
3. The driver said to a passerby, “Could he tell him the way to the
market?”
4. The driver said to a passerby, “Can you tell me the way to the
market?”
Q14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
My friend said, “Hello! What are you doing here?”

1. My friend said hello to me and asked what were you doing here.
2. My friend said hello and asked me what was I doing there.
3. My friend greeted me and asked me what I was doing there.
4. My friend wished me and asked me what was I doing here.
Q14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
My friend said, “Hello! What are you doing here?”

1. My friend said hello to me and asked what were you doing here.
2. My friend said hello and asked me what was I doing there.
3. My friend greeted me and asked me what I was doing there.
4. My friend wished me and asked me what was I doing here.
Q15. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.

Jayesh said to Diwakar, “ You can top the class if you want to.”

1. Jayesh told Diwakar that he could top the class if he wanted to.
2. Jayesh told Diwakar that he would top the class if he wants to.
3. Jayesh told Diwakar that you could top the class if you wanted
to.
4. Jayesh told Diwakar that you can top the class if you want to.
Q15. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.

Jayesh said to Diwakar, “ You can top the class if you want to.”

1. Jayesh told Diwakar that he could top the class if he wanted to.
2. Jayesh told Diwakar that he would top the class if he wants to.
3. Jayesh told Diwakar that you could top the class if you wanted
to.
4. Jayesh told Diwakar that you can top the class if you want to.
Q16. “Oh, how could I ever thank you, Sir!” said the convict to the
Bishop.

1. The convict exclaimed gratefully to the Bishop that how he could

ever thank him.
2. The convict said to the Bishop that he could never thank him
enough.
3. Exclaiming gratefully, the convict said to the Bishop that he
could never thank him enough.
4. The convict told the Bishop that it was difficult for him to thank
him.
Q16. “Oh, how could I ever thank you, Sir!” said the convict to the
Bishop.

1. The convict exclaimed gratefully to the Bishop that how he could

ever thank him.
2. The convict said to the Bishop that he could never thank him
enough.
3. Exclaiming gratefully, the convict said to the Bishop that he
could never thank him enough.
4. The convict told the Bishop that it was difficult for him to thank
him.
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
You told me that you had not slept the previous night and could not
work then.
1. You said to me, “I have not slept last night and could not work
then.”
2. You said to me, “I did not sleep last night and cannot work now.”
3. You said to me, “I have not slept the previous night and cannot
work then.”
4. You said to me, “You did not sleep the previous night and could
not work now.”
Q17. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
You told me that you had not slept the previous night and could not
work then.
1. You said to me, “I have not slept last night and could not work
then.”
2. You said to me, “I did not sleep last night and cannot work now.”
3. You said to me, “I have not slept the previous night and cannot
work then.”
4. You said to me, “You did not sleep the previous night and could
not work now.”
Q18. The judge asked the prisoner if he had anything to say for
himself.

1. The judge said to the prisoner, “Do you have anything to say for
yourself?”
2. The judge said to the prisoner, “Did he had anything to say for
himself?”
3. The judge said to the prisoner, “If you have anything to say for
yourself?”
4. The judge said to the prisoner, “Does he have anything to say for
himself?”
Q18. The judge asked the prisoner if he had anything to say for
himself.

1. The judge said to the prisoner, “Do you have anything to say for
yourself?”
2. The judge said to the prisoner, “Did he had anything to say for
himself?”
3. The judge said to the prisoner, “If you have anything to say for
yourself?”
4. The judge said to the prisoner, “Does he have anything to say for
himself?”
Q19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

She said to me, “Can you look after my baby for a short while?”

1. She asked me that if I could look after her baby for a short while.
2. She asked me if I can look after my baby for a short while.
3. She asked me if you can look after my baby for a short while.
4. She asked me if I could look after her baby for a short while.
Q19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

She said to me, “Can you look after my baby for a short while?”

1. She asked me that if I could look after her baby for a short while.
2. She asked me if I can look after my baby for a short while.
3. She asked me if you can look after my baby for a short while.
4. She asked me if I could look after her baby for a short while.
Q20. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

The young man said to his father, “Pardon me, sir.”

1. The young man requested to his father pardon me, sir.

2. The young man told his father pardon me.
3. The young man begged of his father to pardon him.
4. The young man begged of his father to pardon me.
Q20. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

The young man said to his father, “Pardon me, sir.”

1. The young man requested to his father pardon me, sir.

2. The young man told his father pardon me.
3. The young man begged of his father to pardon him.
4. The young man begged of his father to pardon me.
Q21. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

“What a hopeless fellow you are!” said the teacher to the student.

1. The teacher said the student was what a hopeless fellow.

2. The teacher told the student that he was a very hopeless fellow.
3. The teacher told the student that you are a very hopeless fellow.
4. The teacher told the student what are a hopeless fellow he was.
Q21. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

“What a hopeless fellow you are!” said the teacher to the student.

1. The teacher said the student was what a hopeless fellow.

2. The teacher told the student that he was a very hopeless fellow.
3. The teacher told the student that you are a very hopeless fellow.
4. The teacher told the student what are a hopeless fellow he was.
Q22. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.

I said to you, “You should believe her”.

1. I asked whether she should believe you.

2. I told you that I should believe her.
3. I told you that you should believe her.
4. I asked you if you should believe her.
Q22. Select the most appropriate indirect form of the given
sentence.

I said to you, “You should believe her”.

1. I asked whether she should believe you.

2. I told you that I should believe her.
3. I told you that you should believe her.
4. I asked you if you should believe her.
Q23. I asked the carpenter how long he would take to polish my
furniture.

1. I said to carpenter, “How long he would take to polish my

furniture?”
2. I said to carpenter, “How long he would take to polish his
furniture?”
3. I said to carpenter, “How long will you take to polish my
furniture?”
4. I said to carpenter, “How long you would take to polish my
furniture?
Q23.
I asked the carpenter how long he would take to polish my furniture.

1. I said to carpenter, “How long he would take to polish my

furniture?”
2. I said to carpenter, “How long he would take to polish his
furniture?”
3. I said to carpenter, “How long will you take to polish my
furniture?”
4. I said to carpenter, “How long you would take to polish my
furniture?
Q24. “Remove all the stains carefully and clean the windows,” said
the contractor to the worker.

1. The contractor said to the worker that you should remove all the
stains carefully and clean the windows.
2. The contractor requested the worker to remove all the stains
carefully and clean the windows.
3. The contractor instructed the worker to remove all the stains
carefully and clean the windows.
4. The contractor told the worker that by removing all the stains
carefully, the windows will be cleaned.
Q24. “Remove all the stains carefully and clean the windows,” said
the contractor to the worker.

1. The contractor said to the worker that you should remove all the
stains carefully and clean the windows.
2. The contractor requested the worker to remove all the stains
carefully and clean the windows.
3. The contractor instructed the worker to remove all the stains
carefully and clean the windows.
4. The contractor told the worker that by removing all the stains
carefully, the windows will be cleaned.
Q25Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
He said, “Oh, how I would have loved to visit Kashmir this year.”

1. He said that he will have loved to visit Kashmir this year.

2. He exclaimed how I would have loved to visit Kashmir this year.
3. He exclaimed that how he would have loved to visit Kashmir that
year.
4. He exclaimed that he would have really loved to visit Kashmir
that year
Q25Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
He said, “Oh, how I would have loved to visit Kashmir this year.”

1. He said that he will have loved to visit Kashmir this year.

2. He exclaimed how I would have loved to visit Kashmir this year.
3. He exclaimed that how he would have loved to visit Kashmir that
year.
4. He exclaimed that he would have really loved to visit Kashmir
that year
Q26 Granny said to Nina, “I don’t know why you think it is so
wonderful.”

1. Granny said to Nina that she hadn’t known why she was thinking
it was so wonderful.
2. Granny said to Nina that she doesn’t know why she thinks it was
so wonderful.
3. Granny said to Nina that she didn’t know why she thought it was
so wonderful.
4. Granny said to Nina that I don’t know why you think it is so
wonderful
Q26 Granny said to Nina, “I don’t know why you think it is so
wonderful.”

1. Granny said to Nina that she hadn’t known why she was thinking
it was so wonderful.
2. Granny said to Nina that she doesn’t know why she thinks it was
so wonderful.
3. Granny said to Nina that she didn’t know why she thought it was
so wonderful.
4. Granny said to Nina that I don’t know why you think it is so
wonderful
Q27
Taru asked Kavya if she would help her in setting up her new
dressing table.
1. Taru said to Kavya, “Will you help me in setting up her new
dressing table?”
2. Taru said to Kavya, “How would you help me in setting up my
new dressing table?”
3. Taru said to Kavya, “Will you help me in setting up my new
dressing table?”
4. Taru said to Kavya, “Would you help her in setting up my new
dressing table?”
Q27
Taru asked Kavya if she would help her in setting up her new
dressing table.
1. Taru said to Kavya, “Will you help me in setting up her new
dressing table?”
2. Taru said to Kavya, “How would you help me in setting up my
new dressing table?”
3. Taru said to Kavya, “Will you help me in setting up my new
dressing table?”
4. Taru said to Kavya, “Would you help her in setting up my new
dressing table?”
narration ssc steno 22
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Ron said to me, “He had his lunch at 2 p.m. yesterday.”

1. Ron told me that he ate his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous day.
2. Ron told me that he had had his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous
day.
3. Ron told me that he had his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous day.
4. Ron told me that he had eaten his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous
day.
Q1. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Ron said to me, “He had his lunch at 2 p.m. yesterday.”

1. Ron told me that he ate his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous day.
2. Ron told me that he had had his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous
day.
3. Ron told me that he had his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous day.
4. Ron told me that he had eaten his lunch at 2 p.m. the previous
day.
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
He told me that I could eat from his plate.

1. He said, “ You can eat from my plate.”

2. He said to me, “Can you eat from my plate?”
3. He said, “I can eat from my plate.”
4. He said to me, “You can eat from my plate.”
Q2. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
He told me that I could eat from his plate.

1. He said, “ You can eat from my plate.”

2. He said to me, “Can you eat from my plate?”
3. He said, “I can eat from my plate.”
4. He said to me, “You can eat from my plate.”
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The priest said, “Death is inevitable.”

1. The priest said death had been inevitable.

2. The priest said that death is inevitable.
3. The priest said that death was inevitable.
4. The priest told that death had been inevitable
Q3. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The priest said, “Death is inevitable.”

1. The priest said death had been inevitable.

2. The priest said that death is inevitable.
3. The priest said that death was inevitable.
4. The priest told that death had been inevitable
Q4. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked, “When did
you complete all these?”

1. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when she had
completed all those.
2. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when she had
been completing all those.
3. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when did she
complete all those.
4. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when had she
completed all those
Q4. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked, “When did
you complete all these?”

1. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when she had
completed all those.
2. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when she had
been completing all those.
3. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when did she
complete all those.
4. The teacher was happy to meet her and asked when had she
completed all those
Q5. The Principal said to the students, “Listen to the
announcement carefully.”

1. The Principal ordered the students that listen to the

announcement carefully.
2. The Principal told the students that listen to the announcement
carefully.
3. The Principal ordered the students to listen to the
announcement carefully.
4. The Principal suggested the students that they should listen to
the announcement carefully.
Q5. The Principal said to the students, “Listen to the
announcement carefully.”

1. The Principal ordered the students that listen to the

announcement carefully.
2. The Principal told the students that listen to the announcement
carefully.
3. The Principal ordered the students to listen to the
announcement carefully.
4. The Principal suggested the students that they should listen to
the announcement carefully.
Q6. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Mona said to me, “Are you planning a trip to Disneyland?”

1. Mona enquired of me if I was planning a trip to Disneyland.

2. Mona asked me that was I planning a trip to Disneyland?
3. Mona enquired of me that was I planning a trip to Disneyland.
4. Mona asked me if I had been planning a trip to Disneyland?
Q6. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Mona said to me, “Are you planning a trip to Disneyland?”

1. Mona enquired of me if I was planning a trip to Disneyland.

2. Mona asked me that was I planning a trip to Disneyland?
3. Mona enquired of me that was I planning a trip to Disneyland.
4. Mona asked me if I had been planning a trip to Disneyland?
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The child says, “I do not want to go to school.”

1. The child say that I do not want to go to school.

2. The child says that I do not want to go to school.
3. The child says that he do not want to go to school.
4. The child says that he does not want to go to school.
Q7. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The child says, “I do not want to go to school.”

1. The child say that I do not want to go to school.

2. The child says that I do not want to go to school.
3. The child says that he do not want to go to school.
4. The child says that he does not want to go to school.
Q8. The beggar woman said, “What will I do with so much
money, my dear Prince?”

1. The beggar woman told the Prince what she would do with so
much money.
2. The beggar woman said to the Prince what she could do with
so much money.
3. The beggar woman said to the Prince what would she do with
so much money.
4. The beggar woman asked the Prince what she should do with
so much money
Q8. The beggar woman said, “What will I do with so much
money, my dear Prince?”

1. The beggar woman told the Prince what she would do with so
much money.
2. The beggar woman said to the Prince what she could do with
so much money.
3. The beggar woman said to the Prince what would she do with
so much money.
4. The beggar woman asked the Prince what she should do with
so much money
Q9. Select the correct indirect form of speech for the given
sentence.
Bajrang said, “I went to Chandigarh yesterday.”

1. Bajrang said that he had gone to Chandigarh the day before.

2. Bajrang said that he was gone to Chandigarh the day before.
3. Bajrang said that he gone to Chandigarh the day before.
4. Bajrang said that he have gone to Chandigarh the day before
Q9. Select the correct indirect form of speech for the given
sentence.
Bajrang said, “I went to Chandigarh yesterday.”

1. Bajrang said that he had gone to Chandigarh the day before.

2. Bajrang said that he was gone to Chandigarh the day before.
3. Bajrang said that he gone to Chandigarh the day before.
4. Bajrang said that he have gone to Chandigarh the day before
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

Rohan said, “I will arrive late.”

1. Rohan says that he is late in his arrival.

2. Rohan said that he would arrive late.
3. Rohan said that I will arrive late.
4. Rohan said that he is arriving late.
Q10. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

Rohan said, “I will arrive late.”

1. Rohan says that he is late in his arrival.

2. Rohan said that he would arrive late.
3. Rohan said that I will arrive late.
4. Rohan said that he is arriving late.
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

He said to me, “Please pass the salt.”

1. He asked for the salt.

2. He requested me to pass the salt.
3. He requested me that I pass the salt.
4. He advised me that I should pass the salt
Q11. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in
indirect speech.

He said to me, “Please pass the salt.”

1. He asked for the salt.

2. He requested me to pass the salt.
3. He requested me that I pass the salt.
4. He advised me that I should pass the salt
Q12. My friend Ganesh said, “I could solve the biggest problem
very easily.”
1. My friend Ganesh said that he could solved the biggest
problem very easily.
2. My friend Ganesh said that he can solve the biggest problem
very easily.
3. My friend Ganesh said that he would solve the biggest
problem very easily.
4. My friend Ganesh said that he could solve the biggest problem
very easily
Q12. My friend Ganesh said, “I could solve the biggest problem
very easily.”
1. My friend Ganesh said that he could solved the biggest
problem very easily.
2. My friend Ganesh said that he can solve the biggest problem
very easily.
3. My friend Ganesh said that he would solve the biggest
problem very easily.
4. My friend Ganesh said that he could solve the biggest problem
very easily
13 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

She said, ”I called yesterday, but there was no response”.

1. She said that she had called the day before, but there was no
response.
2. She said that I called day before, but there was no response.
3. She said I called yesterday, but there was no response.
4. She said she called yesterday, but there was no response
13 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

She said, ”I called yesterday, but there was no response”.

1. She said that she had called the day before, but there was no
response.
2. She said that I called day before, but there was no response.
3. She said I called yesterday, but there was no response.
4. She said she called yesterday, but there was no response
14 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
He said he was going for shopping and asked if he might get me
anything.

1. He said, “I’m going for shopping. Can I get you anything?”

2. He said, “I’m going for shopping. May I get you anything?”
3. He said, “I will go for shopping. Do you want anything?”
4. He said, “I will be going for shopping. May I get you
anything?”
14 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
He said he was going for shopping and asked if he might get me
anything.

1. He said, “I’m going for shopping. Can I get you anything?”

2. He said, “I’m going for shopping. May I get you anything?”
3. He said, “I will go for shopping. Do you want anything?”
4. He said, “I will be going for shopping. May I get you
anything?”
15 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Pawan said, “I am preparing hot coffee for you.”

1. Pawan said that he was preparing hot coffee for me.

2. Pawan had said that he was preparing hot coffee for me.
3. Pawan has said that he was preparing hot coffee for me.
4. Pawan says that he was preparing hot coffee for me.
15 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Pawan said, “I am preparing hot coffee for you.”

1. Pawan said that he was preparing hot coffee for me.

2. Pawan had said that he was preparing hot coffee for me.
3. Pawan has said that he was preparing hot coffee for me.
4. Pawan says that he was preparing hot coffee for me.
16 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The librarian said to her, “Can you return the books?”

1. The librarian asked her if she could return the books.

2. The librarian greeted her if she could return the books.
3. The librarian asked her that if she could return the books.
4. The librarian asked her that could she return her books
16 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The librarian said to her, “Can you return the books?”

1. The librarian asked her if she could return the books.

2. The librarian greeted her if she could return the books.
3. The librarian asked her that if she could return the books.
4. The librarian asked her that could she return her books
17 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The passenger says to the railway clerk, “Is the train late?”

1. The passenger has asked the railway clerk whether the train is
late.
2. The passenger asked the railway clerk was the train late.
3. The passenger asks the railway clerk was the train late.
4. The passenger asks the railway clerk if the train is late.
17 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The passenger says to the railway clerk, “Is the train late?”

1. The passenger has asked the railway clerk whether the train is
late.
2. The passenger asked the railway clerk was the train late.
3. The passenger asks the railway clerk was the train late.
4. The passenger asks the railway clerk if the train is late.
18 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
“Why have you come so early today?” The coach asked the
athlete.
1. The coach asked the athlete why he came so early that day.
2. The coach asked the athlete why he had come so early that
day.
3. The coach asked the athlete why had he come so early that
day.
4. The coach asked the athlete why did he come so early today
18 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
“Why have you come so early today?” The coach asked the
athlete.
1. The coach asked the athlete why he came so early that day.
2. The coach asked the athlete why he had come so early that
day.
3. The coach asked the athlete why had he come so early that
day.
4. The coach asked the athlete why did he come so early today
19 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

Arjun asked whether I wanted to join the job.

1. Arjun said if I was ready to join the job

2. Arjun said, “Do you wish to join the job?”
3. Arjun said, “Do you want to join the job?”
4. Arjun replied, “Do you want to join the job?”
19 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

Arjun asked whether I wanted to join the job.

1. Arjun said if I was ready to join the job

2. Arjun said, “Do you wish to join the job?”
3. Arjun said, “Do you want to join the job?”
4. Arjun replied, “Do you want to join the job?”
20 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The Priest said, “God loves all his creations.”

1. The Priest said that God is about to love all his creations.
2. The Priest said that God will love all his creations.
3. The Priest said that God loves all his creations.
4. The Priest said that God loved all his creations
20 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The Priest said, “God loves all his creations.”

1. The Priest said that God is about to love all his creations.
2. The Priest said that God will love all his creations.
3. The Priest said that God loves all his creations.
4. The Priest said that God loved all his creations
21 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

My little sister said, “What a beautiful sight!”

1. My little sister exclaimed that it was a beautiful sight.

2. My little sister said that it is a beautiful sight.
3. My little sister said that it had been a beautiful sight.
4. My little sister said that it would be a beautiful sight.
21 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

My little sister said, “What a beautiful sight!”

1. My little sister exclaimed that it was a beautiful sight.

2. My little sister said that it is a beautiful sight.
3. My little sister said that it had been a beautiful sight.
4. My little sister said that it would be a beautiful sight.
22 My daughter said, “Ayush has got a packet of toffee for his
friends.”
1. My daughter said that Ayush has had got a packet of toffee for
his friends.
2. My daughter said that Ayush has got a packet of toffee for his
friends.
3. My daughter said that Ayush had got a packet of toffee for his
friends.
4. My daughter said that Ayush has been got a packet of toffee
for his friends.
22 My daughter said, “Ayush has got a packet of toffee for his
friends.”
1. My daughter said that Ayush has had got a packet of toffee for
his friends.
2. My daughter said that Ayush has got a packet of toffee for his
friends.
3. My daughter said that Ayush had got a packet of toffee for his
friends.
4. My daughter said that Ayush has been got a packet of toffee
for his friends.
23 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
Kiran says that he worked hard for a good rank.

1. Kiran said, “I worked hard for a good rank”.

2. Kiran says, “I work hard for good rank”.
3. Kiran has said, “I worked hard for a good rank”.
4. Kiran says, “I worked hard for a good rank”.
23 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
Kiran says that he worked hard for a good rank.

1. Kiran said, “I worked hard for a good rank”.

2. Kiran says, “I work hard for good rank”.
3. Kiran has said, “I worked hard for a good rank”.
4. Kiran says, “I worked hard for a good rank”.
Q24 My friend told me that he was very thirsty and requested me
to give him a glass of water.
1. My friend was saying to me, "I am very thirsty. Please give
me a glass of water."
2. My friend told to me, "I am very thirsty. Please give me a
glass of water."
3. My friend said to me, "I was very thirsty. Gave me a glass of
water."
4. My friend said to me, "I am very thirsty. Please give me a
glass of water.
Q24 My friend told me that he was very thirsty and requested me
to give him a glass of water.
1. My friend was saying to me, "I am very thirsty. Please give
me a glass of water."
2. My friend told to me, "I am very thirsty. Please give me a
glass of water."
3. My friend said to me, "I was very thirsty. Gave me a glass of
water."
4. My friend said to me, "I am very thirsty. Please give me a
glass of water.
25 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
Vicky asked them whether they wanted to join the party he had
organised.
1. Vicky said to them, “Do you want to join the party I have
organised?”
2. Vicky said to him, “Do you want to join the party I organised?”
3. Vicky said to them, “Do you want to join the party I
organised?”
4. Vicky said to him, “Do you want to join the party I have
organised?”
25 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
Vicky asked them whether they wanted to join the party he had
organised.
1. Vicky said to them, “Do you want to join the party I have
organised?”
2. Vicky said to him, “Do you want to join the party I organised?”
3. Vicky said to them, “Do you want to join the party I
organised?”
4. Vicky said to him, “Do you want to join the party I have
organised?”
26 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.
I said to my father, “Don’t worry! I will complete all the work by
tomorrow.”
1. I assured my father that I would have completed all the work by
the following day
2. I assured my father that I will complete all the work by the
following day.
3. I assured my father that I would complete all the work by the
following day.
4. I told my father do not worry I would complete all the work by
tomorrow.
26 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.
I said to my father, “Don’t worry! I will complete all the work by
tomorrow.”
1. I assured my father that I would have completed all the work by
the following day
2. I assured my father that I will complete all the work by the
following day.
3. I assured my father that I would complete all the work by the
following day.
4. I told my father do not worry I would complete all the work by
tomorrow.
27 Change the following sentence from direct speech to indirect
speech and choose the correct sentence from the given options.

The students said, “We wish we didn’t have to write exams.”

1. The students say we wish they had not written exams.

2. The students said they wished they have not written exams.
3. The students say that we wish we do not write exams.
4. The students said that they wished they didn’t have to write
exams.
27 Change the following sentence from direct speech to indirect
speech and choose the correct sentence from the given options.

The students said, “We wish we didn’t have to write exams.”

1. The students say we wish they had not written exams.

2. The students said they wished they have not written exams.
3. The students say that we wish we do not write exams.
4. The students said that they wished they didn’t have to write
exams.
28 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

“I will help you,” he will say to me.

1. He says to me that he would help me.

2. He will tell me that he will help me.
3. He tells me that he helped me.
4. He told me that he will help me.
28 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

“I will help you,” he will say to me.

1. He says to me that he would help me.

2. He will tell me that he will help me.
3. He tells me that he helped me.
4. He told me that he will help me.
29 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

The little boy said, “My cat can climb the tree.”

1. The little boy said that his cat climbed the tree.
2. The little boy said that his cat had climbed the tree.
3. The little boy said that his cat could climb the tree.
4. The little boy said that his cat can climb the tree.
29 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

The little boy said, “My cat can climb the tree.”

1. The little boy said that his cat climbed the tree.
2. The little boy said that his cat had climbed the tree.
3. The little boy said that his cat could climb the tree.
4. The little boy said that his cat can climb the tree.
30 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Mukesh said to me, “You are wrong”.

1. Mukesh told me that you are wrong.

2. Mukesh tells me that I am wrong.
3. Mukesh told me that he was wrong.
4. Mukesh told me that I was wrong.
30 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Mukesh said to me, “You are wrong”.

1. Mukesh told me that you are wrong.

2. Mukesh tells me that I am wrong.
3. Mukesh told me that he was wrong.
4. Mukesh told me that I was wrong.
31 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

The captain exclaimed with joy that he had won the toss.

1. The captain said, “Hurrah! I have won the toss.”

2. The captain said, “Hurrah! I might win the toss.”
3. The captain said, “Hurrah! I may win the toss.”
4. The captain said, “Hurrah! I could win the toss.”
31 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

The captain exclaimed with joy that he had won the toss.

1. The captain said, “Hurrah! I have won the toss.”

2. The captain said, “Hurrah! I might win the toss.”
3. The captain said, “Hurrah! I may win the toss.”
4. The captain said, “Hurrah! I could win the toss.”
32 The manager said to the employee, “ Why were you absent
yesterday?”
1. The manager asked the employee why he had been absent the
previous day.
2. The manager told the employee why he had been absent the
previous day.
3. The manager asked the employee why had been he absent the
previous day.
4. The manager enquired the employee for his absence the
previous day
32 The manager said to the employee, “ Why were you absent
yesterday?”
1. The manager asked the employee why he had been absent the
previous day.
2. The manager told the employee why he had been absent the
previous day.
3. The manager asked the employee why had been he absent the
previous day.
4. The manager enquired the employee for his absence the
previous day
33 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Ravi said to me, “Do you know the house of your family doctor?”

1. Ravi asked me if I knew the house of my family doctor.

2. Ravi asked did I know the house of our family doctor.
3. Ravi said to me if did I know the house of our family doctor.
4. Ravi told me to know the house of our family doctor
33 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Ravi said to me, “Do you know the house of your family doctor?”

1. Ravi asked me if I knew the house of my family doctor.

2. Ravi asked did I know the house of our family doctor.
3. Ravi said to me if did I know the house of our family doctor.
4. Ravi told me to know the house of our family doctor
34 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
Mahendra told her that he would be waiting for her at the theatre.

1. Mahendra told her, “He will be waiting for her at the theatre.”
2. Mahendra asked her, “I will be waiting for you at the theatre.”
3. Mahendra inquired her, “He will be waiting for you at the
theatre.”
4. Mahendra told her, “I will be waiting for you at the theatre.”
34 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
Mahendra told her that he would be waiting for her at the theatre.

1. Mahendra told her, “He will be waiting for her at the theatre.”
2. Mahendra asked her, “I will be waiting for you at the theatre.”
3. Mahendra inquired her, “He will be waiting for you at the
theatre.”
4. Mahendra told her, “I will be waiting for you at the theatre.”
35 Henry playfully asked the kids, “How can you split this paper
further into pieces?”
1. Henry playfully asked the kids how they could have split that
further into pieces.
2. Henry playfully asked the kids how they could split that paper
further into pieces.
3. Henry playfully asked the kids how could they split that further
into pieces.
4. Henry playfully asked the kids that how they could split that
further into pieces
35 Henry playfully asked the kids, “How can you split this paper
further into pieces?”
1. Henry playfully asked the kids how they could have split that
further into pieces.
2. Henry playfully asked the kids how they could split that paper
further into pieces.
3. Henry playfully asked the kids how could they split that further
into pieces.
4. Henry playfully asked the kids that how they could split that
further into pieces
36 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The old king said, “Good Heavens, I am ruined.”

1. The old king was shocked that he was ruined.

2. The old king blamed heavens that he was ruined.
3. The old king exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
4. The old king cried out that good heavens has ruined him
36 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The old king said, “Good Heavens, I am ruined.”

1. The old king was shocked that he was ruined.

2. The old king blamed heavens that he was ruined.
3. The old king exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
4. The old king cried out that good heavens has ruined him
37 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The manager said that he would be on leave the next day.

1. The manager has said, “I will be on leave tomorrow”.

2. The manager said, “I would be on leave that day”.
3. The manager has said, “He will be on leave today”.
4. The manager said, “I will be on leave tomorrow”.
37 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The manager said that he would be on leave the next day.

1. The manager has said, “I will be on leave tomorrow”.

2. The manager said, “I would be on leave that day”.
3. The manager has said, “He will be on leave today”.
4. The manager said, “I will be on leave tomorrow”.
38 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
He said, “These dresses are cheap.”

1. He said that those dresses was cheap.

2. He said that these dresses are cheap.
3. He said that these dresses were cheap. .
4. He said that those dresses were cheap
38 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
He said, “These dresses are cheap.”

1. He said that those dresses was cheap.

2. He said that these dresses are cheap.
3. He said that these dresses were cheap.
4. He said that those dresses were cheap
39 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
I said that when it stopped drizzling we would have to start digging
again.
1. I said, “When it stopped to drizzle we must start digging again.”
2. I said, “When it stops drizzling we must start digging again.”
3. I said, “When drizzle will stop then we will start digging
again.”
4. I said, “When it stops to drizzle we will start digging again.”
39 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.
I said that when it stopped drizzling we would have to start digging
again.
1. I said, “When it stopped to drizzle we must start digging again.”
2. I said, “When it stops drizzling we must start digging again.”
3. I said, “When drizzle will stop then we will start digging
again.”
4. I said, “When it stops to drizzle we will start digging again.”
40 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Sneha said to me, “I am doing my homework.”

1. Sneha told me that she was doing her homework.

2. Sneha told me that she had been doing her homework.
3. Sneha told me that she were doing her homework.
4. Sneha told me that she has been doing her homework
40 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Sneha said to me, “I am doing my homework.”

1. Sneha told me that she was doing her homework.

2. Sneha told me that she had been doing her homework.
3. Sneha told me that she were doing her homework.
4. Sneha told me that she has been doing her homework
41 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Sourabh said, “Alas! We have been cheated.”

1. Sourabh exclaimed with sorrow that they have been cheated.

2. Sourabh said that oh we have cheated.
3. Sourabh exclaimed with sorrow that they had been cheated.
4. Sourabh was sad that they were cheated.
41 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Sourabh said, “Alas! We have been cheated.”

1. Sourabh exclaimed with sorrow that they have been cheated.

2. Sourabh said that oh we have cheated.
3. Sourabh exclaimed with sorrow that they had been cheated.
4. Sourabh was sad that they were cheated.
42.She said to me, “I was thinking of going out for dinner but had
changed my mind later on.”
1. She said me that she was thinking of going out for dinner but
changed her mind later on.
2. She said that she thought of going out for dinner but changed
her mind later on.
3. She told me that I was thinking of going out for dinner but
changed my mind later on.
4. She told me that she had been thinking of going out for dinner
but changed her mind later on
42.She said to me, “I was thinking of going out for dinner but had
changed my mind later on.”
1. She said me that she was thinking of going out for dinner but
changed her mind later on.
2. She said that she thought of going out for dinner but changed
her mind later on.
3. She told me that I was thinking of going out for dinner but
changed my mind later on.
4. She told me that she had been thinking of going out for dinner
but changed her mind later on.
43 The boy said to the teacher, "Sir, I am weak in Maths and seek
your advice."

1. The boy told the teacher that he was weak in Maths and seek
his advice.
2. The boy told the teacher that he was weak in Maths and sought
his advice.
3. The boy told the teacher that he is weak in Maths and see his
advice.
4. The boy told that he was weak in Maths and sought his advice
43 The boy said to the teacher, "Sir, I am weak in Maths and seek
your advice."

1. The boy told the teacher that he was weak in Maths and seek
his advice.
2. The boy told the teacher that he was weak in Maths and sought
his advice.
3. The boy told the teacher that he is weak in Maths and see his
advice.
4. The boy told that he was weak in Maths and sought his advice
44 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

John said, “I cannot come with you.”

1. John says that he cannot come with me.

2. John said that he will not be coming with me.
3. John said that he would not come with me.
4. John said that he could not come with me
44 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

John said, “I cannot come with you.”

1. John says that he cannot come with me.

2. John said that he will not be coming with me.
3. John said that he would not come with me.
4. John said that he could not come with me.
45 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

Shreya said, “I have been feeling very hungry.”

1. Shreya said that she had been feeling very hungry.

2. Shreya said that she was feeling very hungry.
3. Shreya said that she have been feeling very hungry.
4. Shreya said that she has been feeling very hungry.
45 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

Shreya said, “I have been feeling very hungry.”

1. Shreya said that she had been feeling very hungry.

2. Shreya said that she was feeling very hungry.
3. Shreya said that she have been feeling very hungry.
4. Shreya said that she has been feeling very hungry.
46 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Simon said to me, “He is not well.”

1. Simon told me that he is not well.

2. Simon told him that I am not well.
3. Simon told me that he was not well.
4. Simon told him that he was not well.
46 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Simon said to me, “He is not well.”

1. Simon told me that he is not well.

2. Simon told him that I am not well.
3. Simon told me that he was not well.
4. Simon told him that he was not well.
47 The reporter said that an event had been organised for the
President the previous day.
1. The reporter said, “An event is organised for the President
today.”
2. The reporter said, “An event is organised for the President
yesterday.”
3. The reporter said, ”An event was organised for the President
yesterday.”
4. The reporter said, “Let us organise an event for the President
the next day.”
47 The reporter said that an event had been organised for the
President the previous day.
1. The reporter said, “An event is organised for the President
today.”
2. The reporter said, “An event is organised for the President
yesterday.”
3. The reporter said, ”An event was organised for the President
yesterday.”
4. The reporter said, “Let us organise an event for the President
the next day.”
48 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The team manager said, “Let’s have some refreshments.”

1. The team manager requested that we should have some

refreshments.
2. The team manager suggested us to have some refreshments.
3. The team manager suggested that we may have some
refreshments.
4. The team manager regretted that we should have some
refreshments.
48 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The team manager said, “Let’s have some refreshments.”

1. The team manager requested that we should have some

refreshments.
2. The team manager suggested us to have some refreshments.
3. The team manager suggested that we may have some
refreshments.
4. The team manager regretted that we should have some
refreshments.
49 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
My grandfather said, ”Always respect the National Flag.”

1. My grandfather said that respect the national flag always.

2. My grandfather wished to respect the national flag always.
3. My grandfather advised me to respect the national flag always.
4. My grandfather asked if I respect the national flag always.
49 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
My grandfather said, ”Always respect the National Flag.”

1. My grandfather said that respect the national flag always.

2. My grandfather wished to respect the national flag always.
3. My grandfather advised me to respect the national flag always.
4. My grandfather asked if I respect the national flag always.
50 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

The lady said, “Most of the trains are running late today.”

1. The lady said that most of the trains were running late the next
day.
2. The lady said that most of the trains were running late that day.
3. The lady said that most of the trains are running late that day.
4. The lady said that most of the trains were running late today
50 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

The lady said, “Most of the trains are running late today.”

1. The lady said that most of the trains were running late the next
day.
2. The lady said that most of the trains were running late that day.
3. The lady said that most of the trains are running late that day.
4. The lady said that most of the trains were running late today
51 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

Meenal asked Jay where Gauri can be found.

1. “Can I find Gauri?” Meenal asked Jay.

2. “Where can I find Gauri?” Meenal asked Jay.
3. “Where do I find Gauri?” Jay asked Meenal.
4. “Where to find Gauri?” Meenal asked Jay
51 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct
speech.

Meenal asked Jay where Gauri can be found.

1. “Can I find Gauri?” Meenal asked Jay.

2. “Where can I find Gauri?” Meenal asked Jay.
3. “Where do I find Gauri?” Jay asked Meenal.
4. “Where to find Gauri?” Meenal asked Jay
52 Mr. Collin said, “Let me deliver the letters to the postman”.

1. Mr. Collin said that let he be allowed to deliver the letters to the
postman.
2. Mr. Collin requested that he might be allowed to deliver the
letters to the postman.
3. Mr. Collin suggested with joy that he wished to deliver the
letters to the postman.
4. Mr. Collin asked if he was allowed to deliver the letters to the
postman
52 Mr. Collin said, “Let me deliver the letters to the postman”.

1. Mr. Collin said that let he be allowed to deliver the letters to the
postman.
2. Mr. Collin requested that he might be allowed to deliver the
letters to the postman.
3. Mr. Collin suggested with joy that he wished to deliver the
letters to the postman.
4. Mr. Collin asked if he was allowed to deliver the letters to the
postman
53 "I've just bought a car," said Amar, "But it isn't insured yet. So I
cannot take you for a ride."

1. Amar said that he just bought a car but it wasn't insured till
then. So, he could not take me for a ride.
2. Amar said that he had just bought a car but it wasn't insured till
then. So, he could not be taken for a ride.
3. Amar said that he had just bought the car but it wasn't insured
till then. So, he could not take me for a ride.
4. Amar said that he had just bought a car but it wasn't insured till
then. So, he could not take me for a ride
53 "I've just bought a car," said Amar, "But it isn't insured yet. So I
cannot take you for a ride."

1. Amar said that he just bought a car but it wasn't insured till
then. So, he could not take me for a ride.
2. Amar said that he had just bought a car but it wasn't insured till
then. So, he could not be taken for a ride.
3. Amar said that he had just bought the car but it wasn't insured
till then. So, he could not take me for a ride.
4. Amar said that he had just bought a car but it wasn't insured till
then. So, he could not take me for a ride
54 “Leave me alone” yelled the little boy in the movie, “or else I
will start shouting loudly.”

1. The little boy in the movie shouted that he should be left alone
or else he would start shouting loudly.
2. The little boy wanted to be left alone or else he will start
shouting loudly.
3. The little boy in the movie cried to be left alone or else he shall
start shouting loudly.
4. The little boy requested to be left alone or else he would start
shouting loudly
54 “Leave me alone” yelled the little boy in the movie, “or else I
will start shouting loudly.”

1. The little boy in the movie shouted that he should be left alone
or else he would start shouting loudly.
2. The little boy wanted to be left alone or else he will start
shouting loudly.
3. The little boy in the movie cried to be left alone or else he shall
start shouting loudly.
4. The little boy requested to be left alone or else he would start
shouting loudly
55 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

My father said to me, “Slow and steady wins the race.”

1. My father told me that slow and steady win the race.

2. My father taught me that slow and steady wins the race.
3. My father taught me that slow and steady has won the race.
4. My father told me that slow and steady has won the race.
55 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.

My father said to me, “Slow and steady wins the race.”

1. My father told me that slow and steady win the race.

2. My father taught me that slow and steady wins the race.
3. My father taught me that slow and steady has won the race.
4. My father told me that slow and steady has won the race.
56 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
I said to Sharma, “Please give me your book”.

1. I request Sharma please give me your book.

2. I requested Sharma to give me his book.
3. I requested Sharma to give your book.
4. I requested Sharma book.
56 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
I said to Sharma, “Please give me your book”.

1. I request Sharma please give me your book.

2. I requested Sharma to give me his book.
3. I requested Sharma to give your book.
4. I requested Sharma book.
57 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Reena said to Rhea, “I will not accompany you on this trip.”

1. Reena said to Rhea that she will not accompany her on the trip.
2. Reena said to Rhea that she will not accompany her on this trip.
3. Reena told Rhea that she would not accompany her on that trip.
4. Reena said to Rhea that she will not be accompanying her on
this trip
57 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
Reena said to Rhea, “I will not accompany you on this trip.”

1. Reena said to Rhea that she will not accompany her on the trip.
2. Reena said to Rhea that she will not accompany her on this trip.
3. Reena told Rhea that she would not accompany her on that trip.
4. Reena said to Rhea that she will not be accompanying her on
this trip
58 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.
She asked Aditi, “Where did you have lunch yesterday?”

1. She asked Aditi whether she was having lunch yesterday.

2. She asked Aditi where she was having lunch the previous day.
3. She asked Aditi if she had lunch yesterday.
4. She asked Aditi where she had had lunch the previous day.
58 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.
She asked Aditi, “Where did you have lunch yesterday?”

1. She asked Aditi whether she was having lunch yesterday.

2. She asked Aditi where she was having lunch the previous day.
3. She asked Aditi if she had lunch yesterday.
4. She asked Aditi where she had had lunch the previous day.
59 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.
He said, “I must stay with her as her condition is critical.”

1. He said he would stay with her as her condition is critical.

2. He said that he has to stay with her as her condition has been
critical.
3. He said that he would have to stay with her as her condition
was critical.
4. He said he must stay with her as her condition were critical.
59 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported
speech.
He said, “I must stay with her as her condition is critical.”

1. He said he would stay with her as her condition is critical.

2. He said that he has to stay with her as her condition has been
critical.
3. He said that he would have to stay with her as her condition
was critical.
4. He said he must stay with her as her condition were critical.
60 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The manager said to her, “Will you accept the revised salary?”

1. The manager asked her whether she accepted the revised salary.
2. The manager asked her whether she would accept the revised
salary.
3. The manager asked her whether she has accepted the revised
salary.
4. The manager asked her whether she will accept the revised
salary
60 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.
The manager said to her, “Will you accept the revised salary?”

1. The manager asked her whether she accepted the revised salary.
2. The manager asked her whether she would accept the revised
salary.
3. The manager asked her whether she has accepted the revised
salary.
4. The manager asked her whether she will accept the revised
salary
61 The Principal said, “What a good performance, Sonu! You have
won the competition.”
1. The Principal surprised Sonu with news of his good
performance and winning the competition.
2. The Principal applauded that Sonu had performed well and
declared that he had won the competition.
3. The Principal cried out to Sonu that he had good performance
and he had won the competition.
4. The Principal told Sonu about his good performance and that he
has won the competition.
61 The Principal said, “What a good performance, Sonu! You have
won the competition.”
1. The Principal surprised Sonu with news of his good
performance and winning the competition.
2. The Principal applauded that Sonu had performed well and
declared that he had won the competition.
3. The Principal cried out to Sonu that he had good performance
and he had won the competition.
4. The Principal told Sonu about his good performance and that he
has won the competition.
62 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Girish said, “We have not gone to Mexico”.

1. Girish said that they had not went to Mexico.

2. Girish said that they has not gone to Mexico.
3. Girish said that we had not gone to Mexico.
4. Girish said that they had not gone to Mexico
62 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

Girish said, “We have not gone to Mexico”.

1. Girish said that they had not went to Mexico.

2. Girish said that they has not gone to Mexico.
3. Girish said that we had not gone to Mexico.
4. Girish said that they had not gone to Mexico.
63 Hari said to the boy, "What's the matter? Why are you crying?
Be cheerful."

1. Hari asked the boy what the matter was and why he was crying.
He asked him to be cheerful.
2. Hari asks the boy what the matter was and why he was crying.
He asks him to be cheerful.
3. Hari asked the boy what the matter was and why he was crying.
He asks him to be cheerful.
4. Hari asked the boy what was the matter and he was crying. He
asked him to be cheerful
63 Hari said to the boy, "What's the matter? Why are you crying?
Be cheerful."

1. Hari asked the boy what the matter was and why he was crying.
He asked him to be cheerful.
2. Hari asks the boy what the matter was and why he was crying.
He asks him to be cheerful.
3. Hari asked the boy what the matter was and why he was crying.
He asks him to be cheerful.
4. Hari asked the boy what was the matter and he was crying. He
asked him to be cheerful
64 The teacher said to me, “You have not followed my instructions
properly.”
1. The teacher told me that I was not following her instructions
properly.
2. The teacher told me that I had not followed her instructions
properly.
3. The teacher told me that I had not been following her
instructions properly.
4. The teacher told me that I have not followed her instructions
properly
64 The teacher said to me, “You have not followed my instructions
properly.”
1. The teacher told me that I was not following her instructions
properly.
2. The teacher told me that I had not followed her instructions
properly.
3. The teacher told me that I had not been following her
instructions properly.
4. The teacher told me that I have not followed her instructions
properly
65 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

I said to Hia, “Don’t litter”.

1. I advised Hia to not litter.

2. I implored Hia not to litter.
3. I ordered Hia to not litter.
4. I offered Hia to not litter
65 Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect
speech.

I said to Hia, “Don’t litter”.

1. I advised Hia to not litter.

2. I implored Hia not to litter.
3. I ordered Hia to not litter.
4. I offered Hia to not litter
66. The leader applauded the comrades saying that they had done
very well.
1. The leader said to the comrades, “Bravo! You have done very
well.”
2. The leader said to the comrades, “Cheers! You have been doing
very well.”
3. The leader said to the comrades, “Great! You could do very
well.”
4. The leader said to the comrades, “Alas! You have done very
well.”
66. The leader applauded the comrades saying that they had done
very well.
1. The leader said to the comrades, “Bravo! You have done very
well.”
2. The leader said to the comrades, “Cheers! You have been doing
very well.”
3. The leader said to the comrades, “Great! You could do very
well.”
4. The leader said to the comrades, “Alas! You have done very
well.”